Relevant bibliographies by topics / Concrete word

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Academic literature on the topic 'Concrete word'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Concrete word"

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BAUER, LISA M., ERIK L. OLHEISER, JEANETTE ALTARRIBA, and NICOLE LANDI. "Word type effects in false recall: Concrete, abstract, and emotion word critical lures." American Journal of Psychology 122, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 469–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27784422.

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Abstract Previous research has demonstrated that definable qualities of verbal stimuli have implications for memory. For example, the distinction between concrete and abstract words has led to the finding that concrete words have an advantage in memory tasks (i.e., the concreteness effect). However, other word types, such as words that label specific human emotions, may also affect memory processes. This study examined the effects of word type on the production of false memories by using a list-learning false memory paradigm. Participants heard lists of words that were highly associated to nonpresented concrete, abstract, or emotion words (i.e., the critical lures) and then engaged in list recall. Emotion word critical lures were falsely recalled at a significantly higher rate (with the effect carried by the positively valenced critical lures) than concrete and abstract critical lures. These findings suggest that the word type variable has implications for our understanding of the mechanisms that underlie recall and false recall.
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K. Warrington Pat McKenna Lisa Orpw, Elizabeth. "Single Word Comprehension: A Concrete and Abstract Word Synonym Test." Neuropsychological Rehabilitation 8, no. 2 (April 1998): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713755564.

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Tracy, Robert J., William R. Betts, and Pauline Ketsios. "The Effect of Abstract and Concrete Contexts on the Imageability and Recallability of Words." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 14, no. 3 (March 1995): 227–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/txvg-09qr-u582-ga6y.

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Word imageability, the degree to which different words arouse imagery, is a powerful variable affecting mental imagery and memory. This study examined whether word imageability varies depending on the context within which words are presented. We randomly sampled abstract (low imageability) words and also concrete (high imageability) words from available norms. Introductory psychology students rated the words for imageability in different contexts. In the mixed content, students rated the abstract and concrete words mixed within the same set of words, similarly to the way words were rated in the norms. Concrete words were rated as more imageable than abstract words, replicating results from the norms. In the unmixed contents, students rated only abstract words or only concrete words. Surprisingly, concrete and abstract words no longer differed in rated imageability. We concluded that word imageability is not due to the mental imagery aroused by a particular word. Rather, a word's imageability is profoundly influenced by the imageability of surrounding words. This outcome opposes the typical interpretation that word imageability measures the abstractness-concreteness of the referenced object and also how recallable the word will be.
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Mestres-Missé, Anna, Thomas F. Münte, and Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells. "Functional Neuroanatomy of Contextual Acquisition of Concrete and Abstract Words." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21, no. 11 (November 2009): 2154–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2008.21171.

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The meaning of a novel word can be acquired by extracting it from linguistic context. Here we simulated word learning of new words associated to concrete and abstract concepts in a variant of the human simulation paradigm that provided linguistic context information in order to characterize the brain systems involved. Native speakers of Spanish read pairs of sentences in order to derive the meaning of a new word that appeared in the terminal position of the sentences. fMRI revealed that learning the meaning associated to concrete and abstract new words was qualitatively different and recruited similar brain regions as the processing of real concrete and abstract words. In particular, learning of new concrete words selectively boosted the activation of the ventral anterior fusiform gyrus, a region driven by imageability, which has previously been implicated in the processing of concrete words.
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Binder, J. R., C. F. Westbury, K. A. McKiernan, E. T. Possing, and D. A. Medler. "Distinct Brain Systems for Processing Concrete and Abstract Concepts." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 17, no. 6 (June 1, 2005): 905–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0898929054021102.

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Behavioral and neurophysiological effects of word imageability and concreteness remain a topic of central interest in cognitive neuroscience and could provide essential clues for understanding how the brain processes conceptual knowledge. We examined these effects using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging while participants identified concrete and abstract words. Relative to nonwords, concrete and abstract words both activated a left-lateralized network of multimodal association areas previously linked with verbal semantic processing. Areas in the left lateral temporal lobe were equally activated by both word types, whereas bilateral regions including the angular gyrus and the dorsal prefrontal cortex were more strongly engaged by concrete words. Relative to concrete words, abstract words activated left inferior frontal regions previously linked with phonological and verbal working memory processes. The results show overlapping but partly distinct neural systems for processing concrete and abstract concepts, with greater involvement of bilateral association areas during concrete word processing, and processing of abstract concepts almost exclusively by the left hemisphere.
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Sandberg, Chaleece W., and Teresa Gray. "Abstract Semantic Associative Network Training: A Replication and Update of an Abstract Word Retrieval Therapy Program." American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology 29, no. 3 (August 4, 2020): 1574–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2020_ajslp-19-00066.

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Purpose We report on a study that replicates previous treatment studies using Abstract Semantic Associative Network Training (AbSANT), which was developed to help persons with aphasia improve their ability to retrieve abstract words, as well as thematically related concrete words. We hypothesized that previous results would be replicated; that is, when abstract words are trained using this protocol, improvement would be observed for both abstract and concrete words in the same context-category, but when concrete words are trained, no improvement for abstract words would be observed. We then frame the results of this study with the results of previous studies that used AbSANT to provide better evidence for the utility of this therapeutic technique. We also discuss proposed mechanisms of AbSANT. Method Four persons with aphasia completed one phase of concrete word training and one phase of abstract word training using the AbSANT protocol. Effect sizes were calculated for each word type for each phase. Effect sizes for this study are compared with the effect sizes from previous studies. Results As predicted, training abstract words resulted in both direct training and generalization effects, whereas training concrete words resulted in only direct training effects. The reported results are consistent across studies. Furthermore, when the data are compared across studies, there is a distinct pattern of the added benefit of training abstract words using AbSANT. Conclusion Treatment for word retrieval in aphasia is most often aimed at concrete words, despite the usefulness and pervasiveness of abstract words in everyday conversation. We show the utility of AbSANT as a means of improving not only abstract word retrieval but also concrete word retrieval and hope this evidence will help foster its application in clinical practice.
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Campos, Alfredo. "On the Association between the Pleasantness and Meaningfulness of Words." Perceptual and Motor Skills 78, no. 3_suppl (June 1994): 1192–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.78.3c.1192.

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To study the associations between the pleasantness and meaningfulness of words of four classes (pleasant and concrete, unpleasant and concrete, pleasant and abstract, unpleasant and abstract), we presented a 20-word list for each class to 184 subjects who rated the words for pleasantness and reported associations for calculation of word meaningfulness. Within both the concrete and abstract groups, pleasantness and meaningfulness were positively correlated for pleasant words and negatively correlated for unpleasant words. Although none of these correlations was statistically significant, all four (−.51 to .18) were stronger than the over-all correlation of 06 between pleasantness and meaningfulness for the 80-word pool.
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Campos, Alfredo. "Pleasant Words: Relation with Concreteness and Imagery Values When Stimuli are Controlled." Psychological Reports 65, no. 2 (October 1989): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1989.65.2.367.

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We affirm, contrary to the opinion of some authors, that there is no correlation between values of pleasantness and values of concreteness of words, and we also affirm that there is no correlation between pleasant and imagery values of words. The fact that a word is pleasant or unpleasant depends on the meaning of a word. The concrete level only influences so a pleasant word is more pleasant and an unpleasant word is more unpleasant. The imagery value of a word does not influence in the fact that a word is pleasant or unpleasant. It will only influence the intensity of the pleasant or the unpleasant. We presented four lists of words (concrete-pleasant, concrete-unpleasant, abstract-pleasant, abstract-unpleasant) to 160 students who scored each word on three scales, pleasantness, imagery and concreteness. We obtained correlations of −.05 between pleasantness and concreteness and of .05 between pleasantness and imagery; however, we found a positive correlation between pleasantness and concreteness and also between pleasantness and imagery when we used pleasant words; a negative correlation obtained when we used unpleasant words.
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Declercq, Christelle, Pauline Marlé, and Régis Pochon. "Emotion word comprehension in children aged 4–7 years." Educational and Developmental Psychologist 36, no. 2 (October 21, 2019): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/edp.2019.17.

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AbstractDespite its importance for furthering social relationships, the development of the emotional lexicon has seldom been studied. Recent research suggests that during childhood, emotion words are acquired less rapidly than concrete words, but more rapidly than abstract words. The present study directly compared the comprehension of emotion words with the comprehension of concrete and abstract words in children aged 4–7 years. Children were shown 48 sets of four pictures and for each set had to point to the picture corresponding to a word that had just been pronounced. Words referred to concrete (16), abstract (16), or emotional (16) concepts. Results showed that concrete words were better understood than either emotion or abstract words, and emotion words were better understood than abstract ones. This finding emphasises the importance of the emotional lexicon in lexical development, and suggests that emotion word comprehension should be enhanced through regular training. This would increase children’s emotional knowledge, improve their communication skills, and promote their socialisation.
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Mestres-Missé, Anna, Thomas F. Münte, and Antoni Rodriguez-Fornells. "Mapping concrete and abstract meanings to new words using verbal contexts." Second Language Research 30, no. 2 (January 15, 2014): 191–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267658313512668.

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In three experiments, we examine the effects of semantic context and word concreteness on the mapping of existing meanings to new words. We developed a new-word-learning paradigm in which participants were required to discover the meaning of a new-word form from a specific verbal context. The stimulus materials were manipulated according to word concreteness, context availability and semantic congruency across contexts. Overall, participants successfully learned the meaning of the new word whether it was a concrete or an abstract word. Concrete word meanings were discovered and learned faster than abstract word meanings even when matched on context availability. The present results are discussed considering the various hypotheses that have been used to try to explain the ‘concreteness effect’. We conclude that the present investigation provides new evidence that the concreteness effect observed in learning is due to the different organization of abstract and concrete conceptual information in semantic memory.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Concrete word"

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CASAROTTI, ALESSANDRA. "Nomi propri, categorie semantiche, parole astratte e concrete: correlati neurali in pazienti con glioma cerebrale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/40214.

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Several studies have suggested different neural circuits for different categories of stimuli. The present studies explore in patients submitted to surgical removal of a glioma, the role of cortical and subcortical structures involved in processing abstract and concrete words. In the first study living and non-living objects were investigated. Direct electrical cortical stimulation was used to map naming of living/non-living entities during surgical removal, then subcortical connections for specific categories of objects were investigated. Two different pathways were identified, one for living and one for non-living things. These results constitute a neurophysiological evidence for the critical role of subcortical pathways as part of the neural circuits that represent lexical-conceptual knowledge of different categories of objects. The second study focused on proper names retrieval and its relationship with the uncinate fasciculus. Forty-four patients with a brain tumor in the left frontal or temporal lobe were examined. In 18 of them surgical removal included the uncinate fasciculus. Patients were assessed before surgery, three-seven days after surgery and three months after surgery. This procedure allowed understanding whether there was any difference due to the lesion of uncinate fasciculus. Patients with removal of the uncinate fasciculus were impaired in naming famous faces and objects. In the third study processing of abstract and concrete nouns was investigated. Fifty-six patients with a brain tumor in the left and right frontal or temporal lobe were examined by means of a semantic similarity judgment. The results suggest that the anterior temporal and the left fronto-insular regions are involved in processing abstract words.
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Magwaza, Goodwill. "Dichotic recall indices of lateralized cerebral processing of abstract, concrete and emotional Zulu word stimuli in FS+ and FS- dextrals." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13485.

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Bibliography: leaves 131-138.
This thesis reports a basic cognitive neuropsychological experiment which employed an original dichotic recall test to assess lateralized cerebral processing of abstract, concrete and emotional Zulu word stimuli among 32 male and 30 female dextral (right- handed) Zulu-speakers, consisting of 14 males and 12 females with sinistral (left-handed) blood relatives (FS+ ~ and 18 males and 18 females with no sinistral blood relatives (FS-). The present dichotic listening experiment investigated whether abstract word stimuli are recalled more poorly or better than either concrete or emotional word stimuli, and whether concrete word stimuli are recalled better or more poorly than emotional word stimuli. It also investigated whether recall of abstract, concrete and emotional word stimuli yield a right ear advantage CREA) or left ear advantage (LEA).
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ORENA, ELEONORA FRANCESCA. "Lemons and Trust: the Contribution of Anesthesia to the Study of the Neural Substrates of Concrete and Abstract Word Processing." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/142471.

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There is evidence that abstract and concrete words are represented and processed differently in the brain. Numerous studies suggest the activation of a bilateral network for both abstract and concrete words, with a greater involvement of posterior, sensory areas in concrete word processing, and a more focal activation of anterior regions, involved in verbal processing, for abstract words. This Ph.D. thesis aimed at investigating the different neural substrates of concrete and abstract words by studying memory priming during general anesthesia. Implicit memory tasks, in fact, seem to be immune to the concreteness effect and recent neurophysiological studies suggest that conscious and unconscious semantic activation involve similar brain areas. Experiment 1 focused on the priming effect for intraoperatively primed abstract and concrete words in patients under general intravenous (propofol) anesthesia. Considering the specific brain targets of propofol, I hypothesized a stronger priming effect for concrete than for abstract words. Implicit memory for primed words was tested with a three-letter word stem completion test, in which half of the stems referred to primes, and half were foils. Both stimulation and testing were auditory, to avoid cross-modality interference. A control group of patients, who did not receive any intraoperative stimulation, but completed both concrete and abstract word stem completion test, was also recruited. As expected, a priming effect was found for concrete words, since the number of target hits was significantly higher than the number of non target hits. This difference did not apply to abstract words. The abstract experimental group performed comparably to controls. These results support the thesis that abstract word processing relies on the activity of anterior brain areas, as for example the inferior frontal cortex, which are suppressed by propofol. The results would also confirm that priming, investigated through word stem completion, is not a simple perceptual, pre-semantic task, but engages multiple processes, including semantic access. As suggested by electrophysiological studies, semantic access might occur at very early stages of verbal processing, thus explaining a selective intraoperative priming effect for concrete words only. To further investigate these hypotheses, a second experiment was conducted. In experiment 2 the same methodology of experiment 1 was applied, but the volatile anesthetic sevoflurane was used, which is known to lower activity in brain regions located more posteriorly than those suppressed by propofol. The most interesting finding was the presence of a priming effect also for abstract words, which would confirm data from neuroimaging studies of a greater engagement of anterior brain regions in abstract word processing. To better define the involvement of the frontal cortex in the processing of abstract words, a series of patients undergoing awake surgery for brain tumor removal was studied in experiment 3. Patients performed a lexical and a semantic decision task, together with a standard intraoperative cognitive monitoring, during direct cortical stimulation. The fundamental role of the left inferior frontal gyrus in abstract word processing was confirmed.
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Bohinski, Chesla Ann. "The portrait of a word: The use of mental and visual images in the acquisition of form, meaning, and use of Spanish concrete nouns." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/151680.

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Spanish
Ph.D.
Second language (L2) vocabulary learning is at the core of language learning and use. Studies have shown that native speakers and L2 learners perceive lexical errors as the biggest obstacle in effective communication (Gass & Selinker, 2008). As a result, the learning and teaching of vocabulary must be one of the focal points of L2 learning. This study quantitatively investigates the effectiveness of two vocabulary learning strategies, the keyword method and the visual support method. Using these two strategies, L2 learners can store the word's meaning both visually and linguistically by creating a "dual coding" (Paivio & Desrochers, 1981) of the word. The keyword method is a strategy that utilizes the association of a first language word (a keyword) with the unknown L2 word through the use of a mental image whereas the visual support method is a strategy that utilizes a visual image. In four L2 intact classes over a 6-day treatment period, participants learned 24 Spanish concrete nouns using both the keyword and visual support methods in one of two presentation orders. Using a pre-test, post-test, and delayed post-test design, results indicated that the use of an image, whether mental or visual, increased L2 learners' knowledge of form, meaning, and use of L2 vocabulary. Qualitative analyses of vocabulary notebooks/journals and surveys revealed that participants' preferences for and experiences with each learning method were influenced by individual likes and dislikes of each treatment. Since vocabulary acquisition is such a complex and multi-faceted process (Nation, 2001), educators have the responsibility to implement and encourage the use of various L2 vocabulary teaching and learning strategies. This research thus aims to reveal how an image can be worth a thousand words in the L2 classroom.
Temple University--Theses
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Hilder, Jamie. "Designed words for a designed world : the international concrete poetry movement, 1955-71." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28752.

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This dissertation positions the International Concrete Poetry movement within its historical moment and links it to the emergence of a new global imaginary around the middle of the 20th century. It makes the argument that contemporaneous social and technological shifts directly influenced the compositional strategies of a group of poets who aimed to transform poetry’s communicative power in a rapidly shifting media environment. By positioning primary materials – poems, manifestos, and statements by the poets themselves – against contemporaneous cultural phenomena across various disciplines, I perform a critical examination that allows for new strategies for engaging work that has historically frustrated readers. I identify in a series of permutational poems the influence of rudimentary computer technology and the implications that technology has for poetic subjectivity. I locate the international character of the movement in modernization projects such as Brasília, and in technologies that held significance for the entire globe, such as reinforced concrete, satellite photography, and nuclear weapons. As concrete poetry takes shape in both books and galleries, I investigate the spatial implications of the work in its various forms, and analyse its often fraught relationship with Conceptual Art, which also presented language in innovative ways though in pursuit of different purposes. Across this terrain my methodological approach oscillates between art history and literary and cultural studies, paying close attention to how the poetry circulated within and imagined global spaces at a time that predated but in some ways initiated the trends we now see more fully developed in current concepts of globalization.
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Mollo, Lesiba George. "Concrete work decision analysis in Bloemfontein." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/19190.

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The purpose of this study was to evolve how to reduce the manifestation of poor decisions that always produce defects and rework. The purpose of the study is predicated on the fact that good decision-making is a fundamental element of improved project delivery in the construction industry. Such decisions determine the accomplishment of performance parameters in each project. However, suboptimal performance, which is pervasive in the construction industry, is often linked to team decisions. To remedy decision-making pitfalls, the concept of Choosing by Advantages (CBA) is promoted by lean construction researchers. CBA is a decision-making system that assists project parties in deciding a course of action among competing alternatives. Case study research design was used for this project to discover the decision-making process adopted by project teams. The results from the study achieved through cross-case analysis shows that concrete defects and rework is often caused by the project team’s decision-making process, which is influenced by the members of the project team because of lack of experience, poor working conditions, and lack of education. The results also show that the decision-making mechanism of the project teams is influenced by the construction method, specification, cost, quality and time. The outcome of the project team’s decision-making process when choosing a concrete type often causes the concrete defects and rework, which can be eliminated through the application of CBA when choosing a concrete type. The application of CBA when choosing concrete type from two alternatives, ready mixed concrete and site batched concrete is driven by the project team. It was discovered from all three cases that ready-mixed concrete had a better score than site-batched concrete when using CBA to compare these two alternatives. The results show that ready-mixed concrete had less chances of causing concrete defects and rework when used or applied per the correct specifications or methods which are detailed in the engineering drawings of the structure. The study proposes that the project team should adopt CBA to improve their decision-making process on site especially when working with concrete.
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De, Mornay Davies Paul. "The semantic representation of concrete and abstract words." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267987.

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This thesis examines the various approaches which have been taken to investigate the concrete/abstract word distinction both in normal subjects and in patients who, as a result of brain damage, have an impairment of lexical semantic representations. The nature of the definition task as a tool for assessing the semantic representations of concrete and abstract terms was examined. It was found that definitions for abstract words differed from those of concrete words only in style, not in semantic content. The metalinguistic demands of the definition task therefore make it inappropriate for assessing the semantic representations of concrete and abstract terms in patients with any form of language impairment. The performance of four patients with semantic impairments was examined using a variety of tasks designed to assess concrete and abstract word comprehension. While some of the data can be accommodated within the framework of several theories, no single theory can adequately account for the patterns of performance in all four patients. An alternative model of semantic memory is therefore proposed in which concreteness and frequency interact at the semantic level. Jones' Ease of Predication Hypothesis, which states that the difference between concrete and abstract terms can be explained in terms of disproportionate numbers of underlying semantic features (or "predicates") was also investigated. It was found that the ease of predication variable does not accurately reflect either predicate or feature distributions, and is simply another index of concreteness. As such, the validity of this concept as the basis of theories of semantic representation should be questioned. Models based on the assumption of a "richer" semantic representation for concrete words (e.g.: Plaut & Shallice, 1993) are therefore undermined by these data. The possibility that concrete and abstract concepts can be accessed from their most salient predicates and/or features was examined in a series of semantic priming experiments. It was concluded that it is not possible to prime either concrete or abstract concepts from their constituent parts. Significant facilitation only occurred for items in which the prime and target were synonymous and therefore map onto concepts which share almost identical semantic representations. In summary, it is apparent that no current theory of semantic representation can adequately account for the range of findings with regard to the concrete/abstract word distinction. The most plausible account is some form of distributed connectionist model. However, such models are based on unsubstantiated assumptions about the nature of abstract word representations in the semantic network. Alternative proposals are therefore discussed.
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Correia, Juliano. "Avaliação experimental de ligações de peças mistas madeira- concreto e entre peças de madeira com conectores de barra de aço e de concreto." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2010. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/3735.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:27:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 3860910 bytes, checksum: 9ab336631481a62fdd3b09160dd8a7a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-20
This work describes an experimental investigation of Wood-to- concrete and woodto- wood joints for composite members using steel-bar and concrete connectors. In wood concrete joints, symmetric three-member specimens were built, with wood outside pieces and concrete inside. In wood-to-wood joints, both three-member and two-member symmetric specimens were built. The steel-bar connectors consisted of straight pins with heads, cut from the bars, inserted normally to the wood surface and shaped like arches. They were simply driven into the wood, glued with an epoxy adhesive or with load distribution plate in compression side. The concrete connector’s joints are made with concrete-filled mortise. In addition, steel bars, placed normally to the joined pieces, were used to avoid opening and separation of the member during loading. In these connections, variable slope of the mortise and location at one or at both sides of the wood member are used. The specimens were then subjected to an increasing compressive force, and forcedisplacement diagrams were plotted, from which the stiffness were calculated, both of service (Ks) and ultimate limit states (Ks). These results for all connections have shown high values for strength and stiffness. In wood-to-concrete steel-bar connections ductile processes are obtained and the end failure occurs in concrete. In concrete connections, these results have shown that most of the failures occurred in a fragile manner, with stiffness remained approximately constant during the evaluation.
Apresenta-se neste trabalho uma avaliação experimental de ligações de peças mistas madeira-concreto e de peças compostas de madeira, com emprego de conectores de barras de aço e de conectores de concreto. Nas ligações de peças mistas, foram ensaiados corpos-de-prova simétricos com três peças, com peças laterais de madeira e peça central de concreto. Nas ligações entre de peças de madeira, foram ensaiados corpos-de-prova simétricos, com três peças e com duas peças. Os conectores de barras de aço foram executados como pinos retos com cabeça, dispostos normais às peças de madeira e na forma de arco, com fixação na madeira por cravação direta, com emprego de adesivo epóxi ou com auxílio de placa de distribuição de carga no lado comprimido. Os conectores de concreto foram obtidos pelo preenchimento de entalhes executados na madeira e barras transversais de aço, empregadas para impedir a abertura entre as peças ligadas. Os entalhes foram executados com diferentes inclinações, em um único lado ou nos dois lados das peças de madeira. Nos ensaios, os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos à força de compressão crescente, sendo obtidas as resistências, as curvas força x deslocamento relativo e as rigidezes relativas aos estados limites últimos (Ku) e de utilização ou de serviço (Ks). Os resultados indicaram a ocorrência de elevadas resistências e rigidezes para todas as ligações. Nas ligações de peças mistas com conectores de barra de aço ocorreram processos de ruptura com indícios de ductilidade, com rupturas finais no concreto por efeito de compressão-fendilhamento. Nas ligações com conectores de concreto ocorreram processos de ruptura predominantemente frágeis e valores de rigidezes praticamente constantes ao longo do carregamento.
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Luiz, Mariangela Gonçalves. "Medição da umidade no sistema concreto-madeira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-11112005-164626/.

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A aplicação de um piso de madeira maciça sobre um contrapiso de concreto dá origem a um sistema que une dois materiais com diferentes características higroscópicas, e no qual a movimentação da umidade é ainda um fenômeno pouco conhecido. Visando um melhor entendimento desse fenômeno, a presente pesquisa buscou avaliar diferentes equipamentos para medir o teor de umidade do concreto, desenvolver uma metodologia para quantificar a água evaporável presente no substrato mineral e, a partir desses resultados, sugerir o teor de umidade do substrato mais adequado à aplicação de um revestimento de madeira. Corpos de prova de concreto, preparados com traço 3:1:1 e relação água cimento em torno de 0,5, foram submetidos a secagem ao ar, sendo que a variação do teor de umidade do concreto ao longo do tempo foi acompanhada pela perda de massa e com a utilização de medidores elétricos de umidade do tipo resistência e de contato.. Com o auxílio da análise de regressão foi possível estabelecer equações de correção para as leituras de umidade dos aparelhos. Para a quantificação da água evaporável no concreto, foi desenvolvido um corpo de prova utilizando-se cilindros de MDF com 6,0 cm de comprimento e 4,8 cm de diâmetro, inseridos em tubo de PVC e com uma das extremidades vedada com filme plástico e silicone. O cilindro de MDF mostrou-se um indicador eficiente da presença de água evaporável no concreto, uma vez que as taxas de adsorção pelo MDF puderam ser diretamente correlacionadas às taxas de evaporação pelo concreto. O efeito do adesivo no sistema concreto-madeira foi avaliado através da variação do gradiente de umidade em madeira de Jatobá (Hymenaea sp). Tacos de Jatobá, com dimensões de 100 mm x 80 mm x 18 mm e nos quais foram colocados sensores a 4 mm e a 17 mm de profundidade, foram colados em corpos de prova de concreto utilizando-se adesivo a base de PVA com 60% de sólidos. Os resultados mostraram que a água contida no adesivo não foi totalmente adsorvida pelo taco e o gradiente de umidade no sentido da espessura apresentou relação com o teor de umidade à profundidade de 17 mm, confirmando a hipótese de que existe um fluxo de umidade na interface concreto-madeira.
The application of solid wood flooring over a concrete subfloor originates a system joining two materials with different hygroscopic characteristics, and in which the moisture movement still is a little known phenomena. Looking for the better understanding of moisture relationship in this system, the present research evaluated different equipments to measure concrete moisture content, to develop a methodology to quantify the vaporizable water present in the mineral substrate and, according to these results, to suggest the substrate moisture content more adequate to application of a wooden covering. Sample test of concrete, prepared with trace 3:1:1 and relation water/cement around 0.5, were submitted to air drying and the variation of the concrete moisture content during the process was registered by the mass loss and with the use of electric moisture meters of resistance and contact types. Through regression analysis it was possible to establish equations to correct moisture meters readings. To quantify the vaporizable water present in concrete, a sample test was developed using cylinders of MDF with 6.0 cm of length and 4.8 cm of diameter, inserted in a PVC tube and with one of the extremities closed with plastic film and silicone. The MDF cylinder was an efficient indicator to quantify vaporizable water in the concrete, considering that the moisture adsorption rate of MDF samples could be directly correlated to the concrete evaporation rate. The effect of adhesive in concrete-wood system was evaluated through the variation of moisture content gradient in Jatobá lumber (Hymenaea sp). Flooring samples of Jatobá, with dimensions of 100 mm x 80 mm x 18 mm and moisture sensors inserted at depths of 4 mm and 17 mm, were glued to concrete sample test using a PVA based adhesive with 60% of solids. Results showed that the water contained in the adhesive was not totally adsorbed by the flooring sample and the moisture gradient across sample thickness is correlated to moisture content at depth of 17 mm, what confirm the moisture flow between concrete and wood.
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Gerber, Adam Reynold. "Timber-concrete composite connectors in flat-plate engineered wood products." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57860.

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Timber-Concrete Composite (TCC) systems are comprised of a timber element connected to a concrete slab through a mechanical shear connection. When TCC are used as flexural elements, the concrete and timber are located in compression and tension zones, respectively. A large number of precedents for T-beam configurations exist; however, the growing availability of flat plate engineered wood products (EWPs) in North America in combination with a concrete topping has offered designers and engineers greater versatility in terms of architectural expression and structural and building physics performance. The focus of this investigation was to experimentally determine the properties for a range of proprietary, open source, and novel TCC systems in several Canadian EWPs. Strength and stiffness properties were determined for 45 different TCC configurations based on over 300 small-scale shear tests. Nine connector configurations were selected for implementation in full-scale bending and vibration tests. Eighteen floor panels were tested for elastic stiffness under a quasi-static loading protocol and measurements of the dynamic properties were obtained prior to loading to failure. The tests confirmed that both hand calculations according to the γ-method and more detailed FEM models can predict the basic stiffness and dynamic properties of TCC floors within a reasonable degree of accuracy; floor capacities were more difficult to predict, however, failure did usually not occur until loading reached 10 times serviceability requirements. The research demonstrated that all selected connector configurations produced efficient timber-concrete-composite systems.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Books on the topic "Concrete word"

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Digitale Wortbilder =: Digital word-pictures. Kassel: Reichenberger, 1987.

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Press, Taunton, ed. Foundations & concrete work. Newtown, Conn: Taunton Press, 1997.

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Words' woods. Toronto: Nietzsche's Brolly, 2010.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board., ed. Steel, concrete, and wood bridges. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1995.

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World Congress on Joints & Bearings (4th 1996 Sacramento, Calif.). The Fourth World Congress on Joint Sealing and Bearing Systems for Concrete Structures. Edited by Atkinson Barrie and American Concrete Institute. Farmington Hills, Mich: American Concrete Institute, 1996.

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Mager, Simon. Words form language: On concrete poetry, typography, and the work of Eugen Gomringer. Zurich: Triest Verlag für Architektur, Design und Typografie, 2021.

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Sicking, Dean. Deflection limits for temporary concrete barriers. Lincoln, Neb: Midwest Roadside Safety Facility, University of Lincoln-Nebraska, 2002.

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Canadian Society of Civil Engineers., ed. Concrete as a substitute for masonry in bridge work. [S.l: s.n., 1986.

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Press, Taunton, ed. Foundations & concrete work: The best of Fine homebuilding. Newtown, Conn: Taunton Press, 1998.

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Press, Taunton, ed. Foundations & concrete work: The best of Fine homebuilding. Newtown, Conn: Taunton Press, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Concrete word"

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Carbone, Paola. "Digital Technologies and Concrete Poetry: Word, Algorithm, Body." In Representations of Science in Twenty-First-Century Fiction, 75–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19490-1_5.

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Ayabe, Hiroaki, Emmanuel Manalo, Mari Fukuda, and Norihiro Sadato. "What Diagrams Are Considered Useful for Solving Mathematical Word Problems in Japan?" In Diagrammatic Representation and Inference, 79–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86062-2_8.

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AbstractPrevious studies have shown that diagram use is effective in mathematical word problem solving. However, they have also revealed that students manifest many problems in using diagrams for such purposes. A possible reason is an inadequacy in students’ understanding of variations in types of problems and the corresponding kinds of diagrams appropriate to use. In the present study, a preliminary investigation was undertaken of how such correspondences between problem types and kinds of diagrams are represented in textbooks. One government-approved textbook series for elementary school level in Japan was examined for the types of mathematical word problems, and the kinds of diagrams presented with those problems. The analyses revealed significant differences in association between kinds of diagrams and types of problems. More concrete diagrams were included with problems involving change, combination, variation, and visualization of quantities; while number lines were more often used with comparison and variation problems. Tables and graphs corresponded to problems requiring organization of quantities; and more concrete diagrams and graphs to problems involving quantity visualization. These findings are considered in relation to the crucial role of textbooks and other teaching materials in facilitating strategy knowledge acquisition in students.
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Hella, Lauri, and Miikka Vilander. "Defining Long Words Succinctly in FO and MSO." In Revolutions and Revelations in Computability, 125–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08740-0_11.

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AbstractWe consider the length of the longest word definable in FO and MSO via a formula of size n. For both logics we obtain as an upper bound for this number an exponential tower of height linear in n. We prove this by counting types with respect to a fixed quantifier rank. As lower bounds we obtain for both FO and MSO an exponential tower of height in the order of a rational power of n. We show these lower bounds by giving concrete formulas defining word representations of levels of the cumulative hierarchy of sets. In addition, we consider the Löwenheim-Skolem and Hanf numbers of these logics on words and obtain similar bounds for these as well.
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Baker, Ian. "Concrete." In Fifty Materials That Make the World, 35–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78766-4_8.

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Stalnaker, Judith J., and Ernest C. Harris. "Formwork for Concrete." In Structural Design in Wood, 295–301. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-9996-4_14.

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Stalnaker, Judith J., and Ernest C. Harris. "Formwork for Concrete." In Structural Design in Wood, 308–15. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4082-3_14.

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Dasgupta, Ashoke Kumar. "Reinforced Concrete and Associated Work." In Design of Industrial Structures, 223–98. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003211754-9.

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Della Misericordia, Massimo. "Nondimeno. Una nota sul linguaggio dell’eccezione e della circostanza nel Carteggio sforzesco." In Reti Medievali E-Book, 95–110. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-423-6.06.

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On the basis of the recent monograph by C. Ginzburg and G. Pedullà’s review, it is possible to identify the word nondimanco/nondimeno (nonetheless) as an important element in Renaissance political writing. However, it does not only appear in the work of Machiavelli or Guicciardini and in the more conscious reflections by the intellectuals, but also in the huge amount of letters that constitute the government correspondence of the time. In these kinds of pragmatic texts, referring to the state of Milan in the Sforza age, it recurs as a key word of a dilemma: the friction between law and transgression (or exception considered legitimate) and also between law and practice. On one hand, it expresses an assumption invested in value: the duke must honor his promises and the contents of the chapters agreed on with his subjects; custom demands respect; factional divisions must be overcome. At the same time it reveals the concern that this principle could be trampled upon, or instead the will, if not the need, to attenuate the more general rule. This conjunction thus summarized the requirement to nuance the law, to adapt it to circumstance, and to conciliate potentially conflicting rights or reasons. In short, it stands as an indicator of one of the main causes of open tensions in the late medieval state, debated by a long tradition of scholars ranging from O. Brunner to R. Fubini: the opposition between the authority of the prince, as arbiter of the exception requested from time to time from the same variety of concrete situations, and the legalistic culture of the territorial bodies, which, referring to law and custom, tempted to stem the “extraordinary” powers that the duke was attributing to himself.
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Leggo, Carl. "Wor(l)d." In Sailing in a Concrete Boat, 1. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-955-8_1.

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Leggo, Carl. "Wor(l)d." In Sailing in a Concrete Boat, 36. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6091-955-8_14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Concrete word"

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Hemati, Sobhan, and Gholam-Ali Hossein-Zadeh. "Increased inter-hemispheric functional connectivity for concrete word imagery compared to abstract word imagery." In 2018 25th National and 3rd International Iranian Conference on Biomedical Engineering (ICBME). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbme.2018.8703543.

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Pierrejean, Bénédicte, and Ludovic Tanguy. "Investigating the Stability of Concrete Nouns in Word Embeddings." In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computational Semantics - Short Papers. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-0510.

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Ramakrishnan, Kalyan, and Fatma Deniz. "Non-Complementarity of Information in Word-Embedding and Brain Representations in Distinguishing between Concrete and Abstract Words." In Proceedings of the Workshop on Cognitive Modeling and Computational Linguistics. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2021.cmcl-1.1.

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Chen, Wei. "A Study of Foreign Language Vocabulary Test Anxiety in the Context of Concrete/Abstract Word Test." In 2022 3rd International Conference on Language, Art and Cultural Exchange（ICLACE 2022). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220706.079.

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Calabrese, Agostina, Michele Bevilacqua, and Roberto Navigli. "EViLBERT: Learning Task-Agnostic Multimodal Sense Embeddings." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/67.

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The problem of grounding language in vision is increasingly attracting scholarly efforts. As of now, however, most of the approaches have been limited to word embeddings, which are not capable of handling polysemous words. This is mainly due to the limited coverage of the available semantically-annotated datasets, hence forcing research to rely on alternative technologies (i.e., image search engines). To address this issue, we introduce EViLBERT, an approach which is able to perform image classification over an open set of concepts, both concrete and non-concrete. Our approach is based on the recently introduced Vision-Language Pretraining (VLP) model, and builds upon a manually-annotated dataset of concept-image pairs. We use our technique to clean up the image-to-concept mapping that is provided within a multilingual knowledge base, resulting in over 258,000 images associated with 42,500 concepts. We show that our VLP-based model can be used to create multimodal sense embeddings starting from our automatically-created dataset. In turn, we also show that these multimodal embeddings improve the performance of a Word Sense Disambiguation architecture over a strong unimodal baseline. We release code, dataset and embeddings at http://babelpic.org.
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Rotari, Natalia. "Metaphor – Monad in Terminology." In Conferință științifică internațională "Filologia modernă: realizări şi perspective în context european". “Bogdan Petriceicu-Hasdeu” Institute of Romanian Philology, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52505/filomod.2022.16.47.

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The present study is a modest attempt to demonstrate that metaphor is not just a combination of several linguistic units with fundamental meaning which, interacting, give the structure a figurative meaning, through a hidden comparison. Separate words can also have a metaphorical function, obviously in the context. The transfer of meaning occurs not only from term A to term B, from the concrete word to the abstract one, but also at the level of meaning of a single word. The mechanism is the same, an improper term is used instead of the proper term to maximize expressiveness. Often, these metaphors are difficult to identify because they lack the classic structure where there are two or more metaphorical terms. In terminology, monadic-metaphors are very often found in titles, as notions by which some scientific phenomena are explained. Their stylistic function is stronger than that of classically structured metaphors, because a single lexeme suggests an idea that can be understood by several words.
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de Varda, Andrea Gregor, and Carlo Strapparava. "Phonovisual Biases in Language: is the Lexicon Tied to the Visual World?" In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/89.

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The present paper addresses the study of cross-linguistic and cross-modal iconicity within a deep learning framework. An LSTM-based Recurrent Neural Network is trained to associate the phonetic representation of a concrete word, encoded as a sequence of feature vectors, to the visual representation of its referent, expressed as an HCNN-transformed image. The processing network is then tested, without further training, in a language that does not appear in the training set and belongs to a different language family. The performance of the model is evaluated through a comparison with a randomized baseline; we show that such an imaginative network is capable of extracting language-independent generalizations in the mapping from linguistic sounds to visual features, providing empirical support for the hypothesis of a universal sound-symbolic substrate underlying all languages.
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Aguiar, Amanda Lorena Dantas, M’hamed Yassin Rajiv da Gloria, and Romildo Dias Toledo Filho. "Influence of High Temperatures on the Mechanical Properties of Wood Bio-Concretes." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.61.

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The use of wood wastes in the production of bio-concrete shows high potential for the development of sustainable civil construction, since this material, in addition to having low density, increases the energy efficiency of buildings in terms of thermal insulation. However, a concern arising from the production of bio-concretes with high amounts of plant biomass is how this material behaves when subjected to high temperatures. Therefore, this work aims to evaluate the influence of high temperatures on the mechanical properties of wood bio-concretes. The mixtures were produced with wood shavings volumetric fractions of 40, 50 and 60% and cementitious matrix composed of a combination of cement, fly ash and metakaolin. Uniaxial compression tests and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were performed, with bio-concrete at age of 28 days, at room temperature (reference) and after exposure to temperatures of 100, 150, 200 and 250 °C. The density and compressive strength of the bio-concrete gradually decreased with increasing biomass content. Up to 200 °C, reductions in strength and densities less than 19% and 13%, respectively, were observed. At 250 °C, reductions of compressive strength reached 87%. Analysis performed by SEM showed an increase in the number of cracks in the wood-cementitious matrix interface and wood degradation by increasing the temperature.
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Caldas, Lucas Rosse, Carolina Goulart Bezerra, Francesco Pittau, Arthur Araujo, Mariana Franco, Nicole Hasparyk, and Romildo Dias Toledo Filho. "Development of GHG Emissions Curves for Bio-Concretes Specification: Case Study for Bamboo, Rice Husk, and Wood Shavings Considering the Context of Different Countries." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.428.

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Bio-concretes are receiving special attention in recent research as an alternative for climate change mitigation due to their low carbon footprints. Different bio-based materials can be used, e.g., wood shavings, bamboo, rice husk, and coconut. However, various methodological parameters can influence the carbon footprint of bio-based materials, especially bio-concretes, like biogenic carbon, amount of carbon in dry matter, rotation period of bio-aggregates, and type of cementitious materials. It is important to have easier ways of estimating the carbon footprint of bio-concretes, using parameters and data easily available. This research aims to evaluate the (1) carbon footprint of different mixtures of three bio-concretes (wood bio-concrete - WBC, bamboo bio-concrete - BBC and rice husk bio-concrete - RBC), and the (2) development of GHG emissions curves for bio-concretes specification based on easily available data (such as density, biomass content, and compressive strength). Based on experimental data, the carbon footprint was performed using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. In order to extend the findings of this study, the context of the following four countries was evaluated: Brazil, South Africa, India, and China. In addition, the replacement of Portland cement for Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) are evaluated hypothetically. The results show that the increase of biomass content in bio-concretes and the replacement of Portland cement by SCMs leads to a radical decrease in life cycle GHG emissions. The percentage of carbon in biomass is a critical factor for reducing the carbon footprint. The WBC was the biomass that performed better for this parameter. The presented GHG emissions curves can be a useful way to estimate the carbon footprint of bio-concretes and can be adapted to other kinds of bio-concretes and countries.
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Aguiar, Amanda Lorena Dantas, Carolina Goulart Bezerra, Lucas Rosse Caldas, Anna S. Bernstad, and Romildo Dias Toledo Filho. "Environmental Performance of Wood Bioconcretes with Different Wood Shavings Treatments." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.69.

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The wood bio-concrete (WBC) production is a solution for the advancement of sustainable construction, since it has the potential to recycle waste in the form of shavings generated in wood processing and stock CO2, contributing for climate change reduction. However, the chemical incompatibility between plant biomass and cementitious matrix leads to the need for previous treatment of wood shavings to application in bio-concretes. In the present study, one heat treatment and two alkaline treatments with immersion in Ca (OH)2 solution were evaluated using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The environmental modeling was performed by SimaPro, using the Ecoinvent database, and primary data collected in the laboratory. The potential environmental impacts were related to the compressive strength of produced WBC (in MPa) as an ecoefficiency indicator. Considering the functional unit of mechanical performance, the alkaline treatment with two immersions was the one that generated less environmental impacts.
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Reports on the topic "Concrete word"

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Ritter, Michael A., Ronald K. Faller, Barry T. Rosson, Paula D. Hilbrich Lee, and Sheila Rimal Duwadi. Plans for crash-tested wood bridge railings for concrete decks. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/fpl-gtr-108.

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Habert, Guillaume, and Francesco Pittau. Joint synthesis “Sustainable Concrete Structures” of the NRP “Energy”. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_nrp70_nrp71.2020.5.en.

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All structures in Switzerland - that is, all buildings, roads, infrastructure constructions and so on - consume over their entire life cycle around 50 % of Switzerland's final energy requirement. They are also responsible for around 30 % of emissions of the greenhouse gas CO2. In recent decades, the energy requirements and CO2 emissions resulting from the use of such structures have fallen sharply. However, the grey energy contained within the structures as well as the CO2 emissions associated with the construction, renovation and demolition of buildings, remain high. There is great potential for improvement here. The joint project “Low energy concrete” provides an important basis for transforming the construction industry into a sustainable sector. It primarily focuses on the building material concrete, which is responsible for an especially high amount of grey energy and significant CO2 emissions. The results of this joint project are summarised and interpreted in this synthesis on “Sustainable Concrete Structures”. The chief objectives of the joint project were as follows: CO2 emissions and grey energy are reduced by drastically decreasing the amount of clinker in the cement. Grey energy is reduced by replacing reinforcing and prestressing steel in concrete structures with wood and plastic. The service life of the structures is extended by professional monitoring and adequate renovation measures; this reduces the average annual grey energy and CO2 emissions. The research work shows that the CO2 emissions caused by concrete and concrete structures can be reduced by a factor of 4, while the bound grey energy can be decreased by a factor of 3.
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Scheerer, Silke, and Manfred Curbach, eds. Leicht Bauen mit Beton – Grundlagen für das Bauen der Zukunft mit bionischen und mathematischen Entwurfsprinzipien (Abschlussbericht). Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Massivbau, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.162.

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Reinforced concrete is the most widely used building material today. It can be produced universally and cheaply almost anywhere in the world. However, this is accompanied by high CO2 emissions and considerable consumption of natural resources. In the DFG Priority Programme 1542, a wide variety of approaches were therefore investigated to find out how the material can be used more efficiently and thus how concrete construction can be made fit for the future. This final report on SPP 1542 “Concrete Light“ (funded from 2011 to 2022) presents the most important results.
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Flores-Dávila, Jorge, Thomas Napier, Annette Stumpf, and Susan Bevelheimer. Waste minimization plan for concrete masonry maintenance facilities : Fort Leonard Wood installation strategic sustainability plan. Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (U.S.), June 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/22667.

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Garth, John. Experimental Investigation of Lateral Cyclic Behavior of Wood-Based Screen-Grid Insulated Concrete Form Walls. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1856.

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Kamboj, S., J. Arnish, S.-Y. Chen, F. L. Parker, A. M. Phillips, J. L. Tripp, and R. H. Meservey. Concrete release protocol case studies for decommissioning work at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/764203.

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Baader, Franz, Stefan Borgwardt, and Marcel Lippmann. Query Rewriting for DL-Lite with n-ary Concrete Domains (Extended Version). Technische Universität Dresden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.234.

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We investigate ontology-based query answering (OBQA) in a setting where both the ontology and the query can refer to concrete values such as numbers and strings. In contrast to previous work on this topic, the built-in predicates used to compare values are not restricted to being unary. We introduce restrictions on these predicates and on the ontology language that allow us to reduce OBQA to query answering in databases using the so-called combined rewriting approach. Though at first sight our restrictions are different from the ones used in previous work, we show that our results strictly subsume some of the existing first-order rewritability results for unary predicates.
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Deb, Robin, Paramita Mondal, and Ardavan Ardeshirilajimi. Bridge Decks: Mitigation of Cracking and Increased Durability—Materials Solution (Phase III). Illinois Center for Transportation, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-023.

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Type K cement offers a lower slump than conventional concrete, even at a higher water-to-cement ratio. Therefore, a suitable chemical admixture should be added to the Type K concrete mix design at a feasible dosage to achieve and retain target slump. In this project, a compatibility study was performed for Type K concrete with commercially available water-reducing and air-entraining admixtures. Slump and air content losses were measured over a period of 60 minutes after mixing and a particular mid-range water-reducing admixture was found to retain slump effectively. Furthermore, no significant difference in admixture interaction between conventional and Type K concrete was observed. Another concern regarding the use of Type K concrete is that its higher water-to-cement ratio can potentially lead to higher permeability and durability issues. This study also explored the effectiveness of presoaked lightweight aggregates in providing extra water for Type K hydration without increasing the water-to-cement ratio. Permeability of concrete was measured to validate that the use of presoaked lightweight aggregates can lower water adsorption in Type K concrete, enhancing its durability. Extensive data analysis was performed to link the small-scale material test results with a structural test performed at Saint Louis University. A consistent relation was established in most cases, validating the effectiveness of both testing methods in understanding the performance of proposed shrinkage-mitigation strategies. Stress analysis was performed to rank the mitigation strategies. Type K incorporation is reported to be the most effective method for shrinkage-related crack mitigation among the mixes tested in this study. The second-best choice is the use of Type K in combination with either presoaked lightweight aggregates or shrinkage-reducing admixtures. All mitigation strategies tested in this work were proved to be significantly better than using no mitigation strategy.
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9

Stark, Jonathan, Cameron Townsend, and Jeremy Brunette. Historic Buildings Report: Record of Treatment for Concrete Preservation Work at TA-6-0037 Concrete Bowl, TA-08 Gun Site, TA-16-0518 Stem Wall, and TA-18 Battleship Bunkers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1868191.

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10

Huang, Cihang, Yen-Fang Su, and Na Lu. Self-Healing Cementitious Composites (SHCC) with Ultrahigh Ductility for Pavement and Bridge Construction. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317403.

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Cracks and their formations in concrete structures have been a common and long-lived problem, mainly due to the intrinsic brittleness of the concrete. Concrete structures, such as rigid pavement and bridge decks, are prone to deformations and deteriorations caused by shrinkage, temperature fluctuation, and traffic load, which can affect their service life. Rehabilitation of concrete structures is expensive and challenging—not only from maintenance viewpoints but also because they cannot be used for services during maintenance. It is critical to significantly improve the ductility of concrete to overcome such issues and to enable better infrastructure quality. To this end, the self-healing cementitious composites (SHCC) investigated in this work could be a promising solution to the aforementioned problems. In this project, the team has designed a series of cementitious composites to investigate their mechanical performances and self-healing abilities. Firstly, various types of fibers were investigated for improving ductility of the designed SHCC. To enhance the self-healing of SHCC, we proposed and examined that the combination of the internal curing method with SHCC mixture design can further improve self-healing performance. Three types of internal curing agents were used on the SHCC mixture design, and their self-healing efficiency was evaluated by multiple destructive and non-destructive tests. Results indicated a significant improvement in the self-healing capacity with the incorporation of internal curing agents such as zeolite and lightweight aggregate. To control the fiber distribution and workability of the SHCC, the mix design was further adjusted by controlling rheology using different types of viscosity modifiers. The team also explored the feasibility of the incorporation of colloidal nano-silica into the mix design of SHCC. Results suggest that optimum amounts of nano-silica have positive influence on self-healing efficiency and mechanical properties of the SHCC. Better hydration was also achieved by adding the nano-silica. The bonding strength of the SHCC with conventional concrete was also improved. At last, a standardized mixing procedure for the large scale SHCC was drafted and proposed.
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