Academic literature on the topic 'Concrete, cementitious materials and other architectural and construction materials'
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Journal articles on the topic "Concrete, cementitious materials and other architectural and construction materials"
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Yanez, Sergio, Constanza Márquez, Benjamín Valenzuela, and Cristina Alejandra Villamar-Ayala. "A Bibliometric-Statistical Review of Organic Residues as Cementitious Building Materials." Buildings 12, no. 5 (May 5, 2022): 597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050597.
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Climate deterioration and environmental pollution has been widely studied by a wide scientific community. The effects of the ecosystem deterioration impacts directly to human activities. In this scenario, the building industry has increased the pressure on proposing new materials to replace the cementicious component and natural resources (water, sand, gravel, and limestone) on mortar and concrete to reverse this trend. To this end, organic residues can offer opportunities as an available alternative for construction applications. Therefore, this paper aims to broaden the scope of research in this field by investigating the potential use of organic residues as cementicious building material based on bibliometric-statistical analysis using scientific information. A preliminary bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer was carried out to define the keywords co-ocurrence from Scopus database. Type of organic material, constructive use, and its properties (physicochemical, mechanical, and thermal) were extracted from scientific publications. Then, a systematic analysis criteria was defined to limit the scope of the study. Finally, statistical variance analysis and multiple correlation for identifying constructive application were applied. From the co-ocurrence analysis of keywords, we determined that 54% of the selected scientific publications were closely related to the scope of this study. State-of-the-art study established that related researches grew exponentially at a rate of about 30%/year. Moreover, scientific publications reported the use of a wide variety of organic residues, such as wheat, paper, hemp, rice, wood, molluscs, olive, coconut, among others. Mainly, agricultural residues (82%) with building applications related to structural concrete, mortar, bricks, and blocks, had been evaluated. Physicochemical properties from organic residues (extractives content, lignin content, and density) were correlated to mechanical (compressive, flexural and tensile strength) and thermal properties (thermal conductivity). The identification of the physicochemical properties of the organic residues allow us to predict the mechanical and thermal behavior of the material with residues. In summary, agricultural residues are the most promising organic building material due to their abundance and lignin content, exhibiting better mechanic and thermal properties than any other organic residues.
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Sambucci, Matteo, Danilo Marini, Abbas Sibai, and Marco Valente. "Preliminary Mechanical Analysis of Rubber-Cement Composites Suitable for Additive Process Construction." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 3 (August 18, 2020): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4030120.
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Additive manufacturing for cementitious materials represents the most attractive frontier in the modern context of Construction 4.0. In addition to the technological progress of printing systems, the development of functional and low environmental impact printable mixtures is one of the current challenges of digital fabrication in building and architectural fields. This paper proposes a preliminary physical-mechanical analysis on environmentally friendly mortars, compatible with the extrusion-based printing process, made up of recycling rubber aggregates deriving from end-of-life tires. In this study, two groups of rubber particle samples (0–1 mm rubber powder and 2–4 mm rubber granules) were used to partially/totally replace the mineral fraction of the reference printable mixture. Four tire rubber powder-granules proportions were investigated and control mortar (100% sand) was also prepared to compare its properties with those of the rubber-cement samples in terms of printability properties, mechanical strength, ductility, and structural isotropy. Based on the experimental results, the rubber aggregates increase the mixture fluidity, promoting better inter-layer adhesion than the neat mix. This leads to greater mechanical isotropy. As already investigated in other research works on Rubber-Concrete technology, the addition of rubber particles increases the ductility of the material but reduces its mechanical strength. However, by correctly balancing the fine and coarse rubber fraction, promising physical-mechanical performances were demonstrated.
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Barkhordari, Mohammad Sadegh, Danial Jahed Armaghani, Ahmed Salih Mohammed, and Dmitrii Vladimirovich Ulrikh. "Data-Driven Compressive Strength Prediction of Fly Ash Concrete Using Ensemble Learner Algorithms." Buildings 12, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12020132.
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Concrete is one of the most popular materials for building all types of structures, and it has a wide range of applications in the construction industry. Cement production and use have a significant environmental impact due to the emission of different gases. The use of fly ash concrete (FAC) is crucial in eliminating this defect. However, varied features of cementitious composites exist, and understanding their mechanical characteristics is critical for safety. On the other hand, for forecasting the mechanical characteristics of concrete, machine learning approaches are extensively employed algorithms. The goal of this work is to compare ensemble deep neural network models, i.e., the super learner algorithm, simple averaging, weighted averaging, integrated stacking, as well as separate stacking ensemble models, and super learner models, in order to develop an accurate approach for estimating the compressive strength of FAC and reducing the high variance of the predictive models. Separate stacking with the random forest meta-learner received the most accurate predictions (97.6%) with the highest coefficient of determination and the lowest mean square error and variance.
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Zhuang, Zheng-Yun, and Wen-Ten Kuo. "Unravelling the Relations between and Predictive Powers of Different Testing Variables in High Performance Concrete Experiments: The Data-Driven Analytical Methods." Buildings 12, no. 10 (September 27, 2022): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101545.
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This study proposes and applies a systematic data analysis methodology to analyse experimental data for high-performance concrete (HPC) samples with different admixtures for offshore fan foundation grouting materials uses. In contrast with other relevant research, including experimental studies, the materials physics and chemistry studies, or cementitious material portfolio determination studies, this data-driven analysis provides a deep exploration of the experimental variables associated with the test data. To offer complete and in-depth perspectives, several methods are employed for the data analyses, including correlation analysis, cosine similarity analysis, simple linear regression (SLR) modelling, and heat map and heat-based tabularised visualisations; the outcome is a proposed methodology that is easily implementable. The results from these methods are validated using a pairwise comparison approach (PCA) to avoid unnecessary interference between data variables. There are several potential contributions from this work, including insights for cohered groups of variables, techniques for double check and ‘third check’, an established ‘knowledge base’ consisting of 504 SLR predictive models with their effectiveness (significance) and prediction accuracy (data-model fitness) used in practical applications, an alternative visualisations of the results, three data transforms which can be omitted in a future analysis, and three valuable theory-linking perspectives (e.g., for the relationships between destructive and non-destructive tests with respect to the variable categories). The implication that some variables are interchangeable will make future experiments less labour intensive and time consuming for pre-project HPC material testing.
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Georgiou, Antroula, Michalis Theodoulides, and Ioannis Ioannou. "Engineered Cementitious Composites for the Conservation of 20<sup>th</sup> Century Concrete Architectural Heritage." Key Engineering Materials 919 (May 11, 2022): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-x5552i.
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Architectural heritage nowadays includes concrete structures constructed in the 20th century. These buildings are usually under-detailed, since the actual behavior of reinforced concrete at the time of their construction was not clearly understood, whilst building codes incorporating seismic resistance design, especially in seismic prone areas, did not exist. This inevitably led to inefficient design and consequently to severe damages in many historic concrete buildings during past seismic events. This paper explores the use of novel Engineered (Fiber Reinforced) Cementitious Composites (ECCs), with strain hardening abilities in tension, for the repair and strengthening of old sub-standard reinforced concrete columns, focusing on their confining and shear strengthening potentials. The experimental results show that, when replacing the reinforcement cover with fiber reinforced ECCs, the fibers bridge tensile cracks, limiting their opening and increasing their resistance against volumetric expansion, ultimately leading to increased amounts of energy dissipation. ECCs may thus by used in the repair of historic concrete structural elements.
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Ben Ammar, Ben Khadda. "Valuation of Palm Fibers in the Formulation of Prefabricated Concrete in Southern Algeria." Key Engineering Materials 925 (July 11, 2022): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-t2ileb.
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Algeria has known various models of construction. The general observation is the failure of construction models used not only for their inability to meet the growing demand for housing, but also for the destruction of the architectural and urban landscape. Considering the ability of natural fibers improve the mechanical properties and durability of concrete, a renewable resource and permanently available. To this end, researchers have started to search for the most durable materials that respect the environment. The objective of this research is the study of the effect of date palm fibers in cementitious compositions with various proportions on the mechanical characteristics of prefabricated concretes in southern Algeria. The experimental study focuses on the use of local materials (CEMII Class 42.5 R cement, sand, gravel (7/15 and 15/25) and palm fiber with a water/cement ratio of 0.55). The results show that fiber concrete with a length of 5 mm and a dosage of 0.5% is beneficial for prefabricated fiber concrete.
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Khartabil, Ahmad, and Samer Al Martini. "Carbonation Resistance of Sustainable Concrete Using Recycled Aggregate and Supplementary Cementitious Materials." Key Engineering Materials 803 (May 2019): 246–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.803.246.
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Green concrete is a recent sustainable practice in UAE that was enforced by Dubai Municipality in construction field within the emirate of Dubai to reduce the carbon foot print in construction industry and to increase the durability of the structures. This led the construction industry to reduce the usage of ordinary portland cement by replacing it with supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as Grand Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) and flyash (FA). Incorporating GGBS or FA in concrete mixtures can improve durability parameters of hardened concrete, such as resistance to water permeability, reduced water absorption and chloride penetration. This ultimately increases the structure’s service life by increasing the threshold of concrete mixture for chloride induced corrosion. On the other hand, carbonation induced corrosion to concrete is usually being ignored or forgotten generally, due its usual slow rate ingression in plain portland cement concrete mixtures. Several studies showed that incorporating some types of SCM – especially at high percentage - can reduce the concrete resistance to carbonation. Additionally and for concrete with recycled aggregate, carbonation investigation should be taken into consideration. This is since recycled aggregates are reused aggregates that are extracted from demolished structures and buildings which were already subjected to different environmental exposures and deteriorations. Unlike chloride penetration, there is no direct ASTM standard test to anticipate the concrete mixture resistance to carbonation at early ages. In this study, concrete mixtures with flyash and different recycled aggregate replacement percentages are investigated for carbonation resistance in accelerated proposed method, considering concrete mixtures’ key parameters like water-cement ratio, and total cement content. The results are analyzed to arrive to pertinent conclusions for the best utilization of sustainable concrete for carbonation resistance.
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Schreiberová, Hana, Josef Fládr, Roman Chylík, Tomáš Trtík, and Alena Kohoutková. "Methodology of Controlled Crack Introduction in Cementitious Materials." Solid State Phenomena 322 (August 9, 2021): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.322.9.
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Crack formation is a common and generally inevitable phenomenon in the field of concrete structures. On the other hand, the ever-increasing demand for sustainable construction, thus the structures durability, has led researchers to propose and investigate various crack-sealing methods. This study deals with the key aspect of these investigations – the in-vitro creation of cracks. A large number of the conducted studies have been carried out on artificially cracked specimens, and various methodologies of the controlled crack introduction were presented; however, no specific method was clearly preferred. In this paper, several approaches to the crack introduction are applied: cracking through compressive loading, tensile loading, and 3-point bending. Further, different types of specimens are presented: plain concrete, reinforced with short and long steel fibers, and reinforced with steel rod. The achievable crack characteristics, such as widths or its stability over time, are evaluated and compared. This study thus provides valuable overlook of the possible approaches to the controlled crack creation and points out their potential and limitations. Based on the comparisons presented in this paper, the long steel fiber reinforced concrete specimens subjected to 3-point bending are identified as the most appropriate method of crack induction.
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Draper, Eric A., and Jan Skalny. "The Use of SEM and Other Complimentary Techniques for the Determination of Properties of Cementitious Materials." Microscopy Today 00, no. 8 (November 1992): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500071066.
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The need for continued rehabilitation of our concrete infrastructure has lead to the adaptation of modern “state-of-the-art” analytical methods for the characterization of concrete and other cementitious materials. Some of these techniques have not, until relatively recently, been commonly associated with the evaluation of concrete but are very useful both as tools for quality assurance and in the determination of the extent of existing damage. The technique of interest here is the coordinated electron-optical microscopic evaluation of concrete.Concrete is the most widely used building material in the world. Contrary to popular belief, concrete is not inert but chemically very complex and dynamic. While it is true that, pound for pound, concrete and its raw materials (cement, aggregate and water} are the most inexpensive building materials available for construction, it is also true that it responds to its environment in numerous and sometimes very subtle ways. These responses may sometimes result in a loss of durability and tremendous amounts of time and money being expended while searching for the cause(s) of the problem and providing a cost-effect solution A quick survey of any large metropolitan area and the on-going construction repairs to highways and bridge decks there will quickly confirm this.
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Draper, Eric A., and Jan Skalny. "The Use of SEM and Other Complimentary Techniques for the Determination of Properties of Cementitious Materials." Microscopy Today 00, no. 8 (November 1992): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500071157.
Full textAbstract:
The need for continued rehabilitation of our concrete infrastructure has lead to the adaptation of modern “state-of-the-art” analytical methods for the characterization of concrete and other cementitious materials. Some of these techniques have not, until relatively recently, been commonly associated with the evaluation of concrete but are very useful both as tools for quality assurance and in the determination of the extent of existing damage. The technique of interest here is the coordinated electron-optical microscopic evaluation of concrete.Concrete is the most widely used building material in the world. Contrary to popular belief, concrete is not inert but chemically very complex and dynamic. While it is true that, pound far pound, concrete and its raw materials (cement, aggregate and water) are the most inexpensive building materials available for construction, it is also true that it responds to its environment in numerous and sometimes very subtle ways. These responses may sometimes result in a loss of durability and tremendous amounts of time and money being expended while searching far the cause(s) of the problem and providing a cost-effect solution. A quick survey of any large metropolitan area and the on-going construction repairs to highways and bridge decks there will quickly confirm this.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Concrete, cementitious materials and other architectural and construction materials"
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Marchetti, Ezio. "Use of Agricultural Wastes as Supplementary Cementitious Materials." Thesis, KTH, Byggvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284110.
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Global cement production is continuously increasing from 1990 till 2050 and growing particularly rapidly in developing countries, where it represents a crucial element for infrastructure development and industrialisation. Every tonne of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) produced releases, on average, about 800 kg of CO2 into the atmosphere, or, in total, the overall production of cement represents roughly 7% of all man-made carbon emissions. The present paper aims to deepen the re-use of agricultural solid waste materials as partial replacement of OPC, which can positively contribute to the sustainability of the concrete industry because of their availability and environmental friendliness. In particular, rice-husk ash (RHA) and oat-husk ash (OHA), burned under the right conditions, can have a high reactive silica content, representing very potential pozzolans. The mechanical and physical characteristics of both materials are investigated to evaluate the influence on concrete properties. Subsequently, using the environmental product declarations (EPDs) of the material used, a comparative environmental impact analysis between RHA concrete and ordinary concrete having the same resistance class, is presented. It is concluded that the use of RHA as supplementary cementitious material can serve a viable and sustainable partial replacement to OPC for the reduction of CO2 emissions and global warming potential.Den globala cementproduktionen ökar från 1990 till 2050 och växer särskilt snabbt i utvecklingsländer, där den utgör en viktig del för infrastrukturutveckling och industrialisering. Varje ton vanligt portlandcement (OPC) släpper i genomsnitt ut cirka 800 kg koldioxid i atmosfären, och, totalt, representerar den totala cementproduktionen ungefär 7% av alla koldioxidutsläpp från mänsklig verksamhet. Det här examensarbetet syftar till att fördjupa kunskapen om och därmed i förlängningen återanvändningen av fasta avfallsmaterial från jordbruket som delvis ersättning av OPC, vilket kan bidra till hållbarheten i betongindustrin på grund av deras tillgänglighet och miljövänlighet. I synnerhet kan risskalaska (RHA) och havreskalaska (OHA), som bränns under rätt process, ha en hög reaktiv kiseldioxidhalt, vilket representerar mycket potentiella puzzolaner. De mekaniska och fysiska egenskaperna hos båda materialen har undersökts för att utvärdera deras inverkan på betongegenskaper. Därefter presenteras en jämförande miljökonsekvensanalys mellan RHA-betong och OPC-betong med samma motståndsklass med användning av miljövarudeklaration (EPD) för det använda materialet. Man drar slutsatsen att användningen av RHA som alternativt bindemedel (SCM) till OPC kan hjälpa till att minska koldioxidutsläppen och den globala uppvärmningspotentialen.
Book chapters on the topic "Concrete, cementitious materials and other architectural and construction materials"
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Zatar, Wael, and Hai Nguyen. "Towards Innovative and Sustainable Construction of Architectural Structures by Employing Self-Consolidating Concrete Reinforced with Polypropylene Fibers." In Architectural Design – Progress Towards Sustainable Construction [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95091.
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Self-consolidating concrete (SCC) has been successfully employed to reduce construction time and enhance the quality, performance, and esthetic appearance of concrete structures. This research aimed at developing environmentally friendly fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC) consisting of SCC and recycled polypropylene (PP) fibers for sustainable construction of city buildings and transportation infrastructure. The addition of the PP fibers to SCC helps reducing shrinkage cracks and providing enhanced mechanical properties, durability, and ductility of the concrete materials. Several mix designs of self-consolidating fiber-reinforced concrete (SCFRC) were experimentally examined. Material and esthetic properties of the SCFRC mixtures that include micro silica, fly ash, and PP fibers were evaluated. Trial-and-adjustment method was employed to obtain practically optimum SCFRC mixtures, mixtures that are affordable and easy to make possessing enhanced compressive strength and esthetic properties. Slump flow and air content testing methods were used to determine the fresh properties of the SCFRC mixtures, and the esthetic properties of the mixtures were also evaluated. The hardened properties of the SCFRC mixtures were examined using three- and seven-day compression tests. The amount of fine/coarse aggregate, water, and other admixtures were varied while the Portland cement content in all mixtures was maintained unchanged. The maximum three-day compressive strength was 43.17 MPa and the largest slump flow was 736.6 mm. Test results showed enhanced material properties such as slump flow, air content and compressive strength values of the SCFRC mixtures and their excellent esthetic appearance. The favorable seven-day compressive strength of the SCFRC mixture, with 4.8 percent air content and 660.4 mm slump flow, is 39.26 MPa. The mixtures’ in this study are proven to be advantageous for potential SCFRC applications in architectural structures including building façades and esthetically-pleasing bridges.
Conference papers on the topic "Concrete, cementitious materials and other architectural and construction materials"
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IGBOKWE, EMMANUEL, SAMUEL IBEKWE, PATRICK MENSAH, OGAD AGU, and RUBAIYAT ABEDIN. "EFFICACY OF CELLULOSE FIBER AS BACTERIA CARRIER FOR SELF-HEALING CONCRETE AND 3D POLYMER MICROSTRUCTURE." In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Seventh Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc37/36447.
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Microcracks are known to occur at an early stage in constructions utilizing concrete thereby affecting its serviceability and increasing the cost of repair and maintenance. As a result, there is a growing need to use a microbiological crack-healing strategy to arrest and mitigate the impact of the microcracks. The microbial system's distinguishing characteristic is that it allows concrete to self-heal. This study addresses the efficiency of microbiologically induced calcite precipitation in increasing the durability and selfhealing of cementitious construction materials. The primary focus has been on developing a carrier to protect the bacteria from being crushed during casting and from the harsh environment. The results of the SEM examination demonstrated that cellulose fiber bacteria can live at temperatures as high as 160 degrees Celsius, as opposed to direct bacteria, which can only survive at temperatures as high as 60 degrees Celsius. On the 28th day of curing, the cellulose fiber bacteria exhibited a 25% improvement in split tensile and compressive strength over the control concrete. Furthermore, after 28 days, the Cellulose fiber bacteria self-healed up to 1.5 mm fracture concretes via wetdry technique and 2.5 mm crack concretes by induced method after 40 days. Fiber-Sphaericus bacteria capable of producing spores and 3D printed materials to grow bionic mineralized composites with ordered microstructure was utilized. Bionic composites outperformed the control microstructure by 50% in terms of specific compressive strength and fracture toughness, and they also self-healed a larger percentage of the lattice beam within 12 days. This study contributes towards the development of 3D-architectural hybrid synthetic living materials with live ordered microstructures.
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Nicolini, Elvira, Antonella Mamì, and Eleonora Caleca. "Favignana bio-calcarenite: technological culture, knowledge and recovery." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.14854.
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Favignana Island, the biggest one among Egadi islands, is well known for its deposits of calcarenite, which has been extracted and used since ancient times. The landscape of the Island is shaped by the widespread presence of quarries that mark the seaside as well. Furthermore, the constant presence of dry-stone walls, made of calcarenite, and of the characteristic architecture of buildings, represents a hallmark for the rest of Egadi islands as well, making it clear how important the presence of this material has been for the architectural and technological culture of these places.Calcarenite itself, exported by this island, is still a constituent material of many buildings in the western part of Sicily, in particular the prestigious buildings of the Baroque period. The presence of calcarenite, while notably all other construction materials, including timber, are absent, has meant that all the construction elements, indoor and outdoor, as well as all settlement types, have been affected by the almost exclusive use of calcarenite, the quarrying methods and the craftsmen’s skills that inevitably derived from this context. Today, masonries, vaults, floors, roofs and all other elements show specific solutions that strongly characterize the buildings and the urban and rural landscape of the island.However, despite the constructive relevance of any elements or entire buildings, the touristic exploitation of the Egadi archipelago has brought to the replacement of buildings, or elements, as well as to a wrong and weak activity of building recovery. The reinterpretation of claddings and exposed masonry, and the replacement of original floors with concrete floors are just some of the many inappropriate interventions. In terms of typologies and morphological models, the study that we present has also dealt with the development of more adequate and relevant intervention techniques and repairs.