Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Concerti eco'

Several possibilities are arising aiming the development of “greener”, more sustainable energy storage systems. One point is the completely water-based processing of battery electrodes, thus being able to renounce the use of toxic solvents in the preparation process. Despite its advantage of lower cost and eco-friendlyness, there is the need of similar mechanical and electrochemichal behavior for boosting this preparation mode. Another point – accompanying the water-based processing - is the replacement of solvent-based polymer binders by water-based ones. These binders can be based on fluorinated, crude-oil based polymers on the one side, but also on naturally abundant and economic friendly biopolymers. The most common anode materials, graphite and lithium titanate (LTO), have been subjected a water-based preparation route with different binder systems. LTO is a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), as it shows excellent safety characteristics, does not form a significant SEI and its volume change upon intercalation of lithium ions is negligible. Unfortunately, this material suffers from a rather low electric conductivity - that is why an intensive study on improved current collector surfaces for LTO electrodes was performed. In order to go one step ahead towards sustainable energy storage, anode and cathode active materials for a sodium ion battery were synthesized. Anode active material resulted in a successful product which was then subjected to further electrochemical tests. In this PhD work the development of “greener” energy storage possibilities is tested under several aspects. The ecological impact of raw materials and required battery components is examined in detail.

Tesis para optar al grado de Doctor en Filosof?a
El modelo imperante, con su ?nfasis en el crecimiento y el desarrollo, hasta el punto de operar como ideolog?a ?nica, pone en acci?n una forma de temporalidad radicalmente objetivada en t?rminos de rendimiento. Cabe preguntarse entonces, si no es el pensamiento t?cnico, desvinculado de sus iniciativas racionales-teleol?gicas, y en una instrumentalizaci?n pura, el que determina una coacci?n generalizada que se expresa en t?rminos econ?micos. A este respecto, existe un c?mulo de fen?menos contempor?neos, que muestran una l?gica que comporta una configuraci?n del tiempo en funci?n de su valor monetario, y en ello, el dinero funciona como una forma de tiempo condensado.

En dépit du développement rapide de la médecine, les maladies cardiovasculaires restent la première cause de mortalité dans le monde. En France, chaque année, plus de 50 000 personnes meurent subitement en raison d'arythmies cardiaques. L'identification des patients à risque élevé de décès soudain est toujours un défi. Pour détecter les arythmies cardiaques, actuellement Holter est généralement utilisé pour enregistrer les signaux électrocardiogramme (ECG) à 1~3 dérivations pendant 24h à 72h. Cependant l'utilisation de Holter est limitée parmi la population en raison de son encombrement (pas convivial) et de son coût. Un Holter mono puce portable nommé SoC-Holter qui permet d'enregistrer 1 à 4 dérivations est introduit. Le déploiement d'un réseau de capteurs sans fil exige que chaque SoC-Holter soit peu encombrant et peu cher, et consomme peu d’énergie. Afin de minimiser la consommation d'énergie et le coût du système, la technologie Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) (0.35μm) est utilisée pour la première implémentation de SoC-Holter. Puis une nouvelle méthode de détection basée sur Acquisition Comprimée (CS) est introduite pour résoudre les problèmes de consommation d'énergie et de capacité de stockage de SoC-Holter. Le principe premier de cette plate-forme est d'échantillonner les signaux ECG sous la fréquence de Nyquist ‘sub-Nyquist’ et par la suite de classer directement les mesures compressées en états normal et anormal. Minimiser le nombre de fils qui relient les électrodes à la plate-forme peut rendre l’utilisateur de SoC-Holter plus confortable, car deux électrodes sont très proches sur la surface du corps. La différence ECG enregistrée est analysée à l'aide de Vectocardiogramme (VCG). Les résultats expérimentaux montrent qu'une approche intégrée, à faible coût et de faible encombrement (SoC-Holter) est faisable. Le SoC-Holter consomme moins de 10mW en fonctionnement. L'estimation des paramètres du signal acquis est effectuée directement à partir de mesures compressées, éliminant ainsi l'étape de la reconstruction et réduisant la complexité et le volume des calculs. En outre, le système fournit les signaux ECG compressés sans perte d'information, de ce fait il réduit significativement la consommation d'énergie pour l'envoi de message et l’espace de stockage mémoire. L'effet de placement des électrodes est évalué sur la QRS complexe lorsqu'il a enregistré avec deux électrodes adjacentes. La méthode est basée sur l'algorithme de ‘QRS-VCG loop alignment’. La méthode moindre carré est utilisée pour estimer la corrélation entre une boucle VCG observée et une boucle de référence en respectant les transformations de rotation et la synchronisation du temps. Les emplacements d'électrodes les moins sensibles aux interférences sont étudiés
According to the figures released by World Health Organization (WHO), cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in the world. In France every year more than 50,000 people die suddenly due cardiac arrhythmias. Identification of high risk sudden death patients is still a challenge. To detect cardiac arrhythmias, currently Holter is generally used to record 1~4 leads electrocardiogram (ECG) signals during 24h to 72h. However the use of Holter is limited among the population due to its form factor (not user-friendly) and cost. An integrated single chip wearable Holter named SoC-Holter that enables to record 1 to 4 leads ECG is introduced. Deployment of wireless sensor network requires each SoC-Holter with less power consumption, low-cost charging system and less die area.To minimize energy consumption and system cost, Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology (0.35μm) is used to prototype the first implementation of SoC-Holter. Then a novel method based on Compressed Sensing (CS) technique is introduced for solving the problems of power consumption and storage capacity of SoC-Holter. The main principle underlying this framework is to sample analog signals at sub-Nyquist rate and to classify directly compressed measurement into normal and abnormal state. Minimizing the wire connected electrodes to the platform can make the carrier more comfortable because two electrodes are attached closely on the surface of the body. Recording difference ECG is analyzed using Vectorcardiogram (VCG) theory. Experimental results show that an integrated, low cost, and user-friendly SoC-Holter is feasible. SoC-Holter consumes less than 10mW while the device is operating. It takes advantage of estimating parameters directly from compressed measurements, thereby eliminating the reconstruction stage and reducing the computational complexity on the platform. In addition, the framework provides compressed ECG signals without loss of information, reducing significantly the power consumption for message sending and memory storage space. The effect of electrode placement is evaluated by estimating QRS complex in recorded ECG signals by two adjacent electrodes. The method is based on the QRS-VCG loop alignment algorithm that estimates Least Square (LS) between an observed VCG loop and a reference loop with respect to the transformations of rotation and time synchronization. The electrode location with less sensitive to interference is investigated

À la fois procédé artistico-littéraire et réflexion intellectuelle, la mise en abyme est une des stratégies de création favorites du romancier Umberto Eco. Certains auteurs ont utilisé cette technique uniquement pour de créer de « simples » jeux de miroirs (comme c’est le cas des Nouveaux Romanciers). Chez Umberto Eco, la mise en abyme est destinée à faire saillir aussi bien l’intelligibilité que la structuration de l’oeuvre. Elle est un principe récursif de la génération de figures et de formes narratives fractales : elle est pour ainsi dire le raisonnement servant comme base dans la création d’un univers romanesque par excellence autoréflexif. Selon une représentation très succincte (mais essentielle), la mise en abyme est ce dispositif narratif consistant à insérer un (ou plusieurs) récit(s) dans le Récit, qui, en reproduisant les caractéristiques de ce dernier va (vont) l’illustrer, l’expliquer et mettre en évidence le/les thème(s) de l’oeuvre
An artistic and literary procedure and, at the same time, an intellectual reflexion, mise en abyme is one of the favorite strategies of creation of the novelist U. Eco. Certain authors have used this technique just to create "simple" games of mirrors (such as the French writers called "Nouveaux Romanciers"). In the case of Umberto Eco, mise en abyme is destined to emphasize both the intelligibility of his work, as well as its being structured in multiple layers of narrativity. We reckon that this is the recursive principle, serving at the generating of fractal shapes and characters: this is therefore the reasoning laying at the foundation of creating a fictional universe self-reflective par excellence. If we want a very concise (but essential) representation, we will say that the mise en abyme is that device consisting of the insertion of one or many more stories into The Story, which, by reproducing the characteristics of the latter, provides us with an explanation and will shed light on the theme / themes of the work

Dans une démarche d’éco-innovation, les entreprises cherchent à inventer et mettre en oeuvre de nouvelles activités plus durables parfois en rupture avec leurs pratiques existantes, et qui entraînent des changements plus ou moins importants au sein de leurs offres, de leur business model, et parfois sur l’ensemble de leurs écosystèmes. Confrontée à de tels enjeux et des dynamiques associées souvent complexes de par leur nature parfois techniques, économiques, sociales, juridiques, politiques…, l’entreprise et les parties prenantes du projet en émergence semblent ne pas toujours réussir à suffisamment s’écarter consciemment des cadres cognitifs existants pour explorer des alternatives en adéquation avec les ambitions initiales d’un projet d’éco-innovation. Ainsi, les trajectoires empruntées par ces projets sont susceptibles d’entrainer par exemple une dilution des valeurs environnementales et sociales ou de provoquer l’abandon de projets par un manque de considération des dimensions techniques ou économiques.Les travaux présentés ici portent sur la phase de maturation des concepts éco-innovants et cherchent à développer des modalités d’accompagnement pour éviter ou surpasser de telles situations dites de « fixation collective ».L’approche méthodologique repose sur une recherche-action effectuée au sein de l’organisme d’accompagnement Apesa structurée en deux étapes :- L’analyse de trois cas de projets d’éco-innovation nous a d’abord permis de caractériser la problématique des pratiques d’accompagnement et plus précisément les fixations collectives présentes lors de la maturation des concepts.- Cette première étude a alimenté la démarche de conception mise en oeuvre pour élaborer la méthode MIRAS, l’apport principal de notre recherche.La méthode MIRAS propose un panel d’outils d’animation destinés aux acteurs de l’accompagnement pour aider les groupes projets lors des phases de maturation de leur concept et de leur potentiel de soutenabilité en visant un certain équilibre du triptyque économique – environnemental – social). Dans cette optique, MIRAS vise à adopter une pensée systémique, qui ne soit pas centrée seulement sur l’entreprise mais qui reconsidère l’ensemble des dimensions du « réseau élargi des parties prenantes »
During the development of eco-innovations, companies are looking to implement a new activity that can create ruptures with its existing practices and cause many changes in their business model. In such complex situations, the stakeholders of emerging projects have some difficulties to consciously deviate from existing cognitive frameworks to explore alternatives in line with the initial goals of the project. Thus, they take trajectories that may lead to a dilution of the environmental and social values or cause the abandonment of projects. The work presented here focuses on the maturation of eco-innovative concepts and seeks to develop tools and methods to avoid and overcome such situations called collective fixations.The methodological approach is based on an action research conducted in the organization Apesa and structured in two steps:- The analysis of three case-studies of eco-innovative projects allowed us to characterize supporting practices and deepen our knowledge on the collective fixation present during the maturation of concepts.- This first study has fueled the design process of the MIRAS method, the main contribution of our research.The MIRAS method offers a toolkit designed for eco-innovation intermediaries in order to help them to structure their intervention during the stage of concept maturation. Specifically the tools help to improve the sustainability potential of concepts, to analyze project group behaviors during sessions and to revisit stakeholder networks so as to anticipate future mutations and news ways of incubation

The environmental concern has become a well discussed topic within today’s society and as a result awareness of the impact human behaviour has on the environment is continuously increasing. This concern is something companies take advantage of when marketing, as for instance by promoting their products or services as eco-labelled. Eco-labelled products have further shown to involve a lot of consumer opinions, and are thus common to study in relation to consumer attitudes. Theories also show that eco-labelled goods have been idealised in favour of conventional ones, referred to as a marketing placebo effect. In connection to this, companies have started to point interest at eco-labelled technology, which has become a recent phenomenon attracting attention. Nonetheless, the existing theory regarding this phenomenon has been mainly applied on specific areas, such as the food industry. The purpose of this study was therefore to explain the marketing placebo effect on eco-labelled technology. 162 experiments were conducted using one experiment group and one control group, in order to be able to detect an eventual marketing placebo effect when implementing an eco-label, using attitudes as an influencer. Based on the results, it was revealed that attitudes are crucial to take into consideration when applying an eco-label in a technology context. This as it was concluded that attitudes act as a trigger evoking a marketing placebo effect. The findings from this study contradicts current theories on how different factors cooperate in the process of a marketing placebo effect, and advances has thus been made in how the marketing placebo effect works when applied in a technology context.

Con l’affermarsi della società moderna, tutti i membri della famiglia lavorano e c’è meno tempo da dedicare alla spesa: per questo i prodotti più ricercati sono quelli ad alto contenuto in convenience che permettono un risparmio di tempo ed energia, fornendo un prodotto simile al prodotto fresco ma con una shelf life maggiore. Un approccio per sviluppare nuovi prodotti è il New Product Development (NPD) che attraverso una ricerca preliminare cerca di individuare le esigenze dei consumatori. Successivamente nella fase di concept test si propone ai consumatori l’idea dei prodotti non ancora esistenti per valutarne il livello di gradimento. Solo dopo questa fase, se apprezzato, il prodotto è realizzato a livello laboratoriale o in impianto pilota e successivamente lanciato sul mercato. Nel presente elaborato è illustrata la fase di concept test tramite discussion room online al fine di raccogliere il parere di 25 consumatori per ogni stanza di discussione circa il grado di apprezzamento e la propensione all’acquisto di tre prodotti eco-innovativi definiti tali in quanto confezionati in atmosfera protettiva innovativa (sardine ready to cook) o perché trattati con alte pressioni idrostatiche (vongole ready to cook e burger consumabile crudo nel primo periodo di conservazione e successivamente previa cottura). Per rielaborare i dati è stata utilizzata la sentiment analysis, una tecnica che permette di analizzare i testi e da questi ne estrae la polarità del sentimento dei consumatori. Infine è stata svolta un’analisi di benchmarking volta a individuare i prodotti presenti sul mercato simili a quelli proposti così da confrontarli e per ipotizzare un possibile posizionamento di prezzo sulla base di quelli dei prodotti trovati e la disponibilità a pagare espressa dai consumatori.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro
A identificação e avaliação das vulnerabilidades e potencialidades socioambientais e socioecológicas, ao considerar as múltiplas realidades de ecossistemas, territórios e lugares, podem revelar novos caminhos, ações coletivas, solidárias, bem como auxiliar na tomada de decisão estratégica em sistemas de gestão de resíduos sólidos. Tal perspectiva, qualificaria princípios e conceitos metodológicos e técnicos, como aqueles direcionados a responder aos problemas que surgem da interação Humanidade-Sociedade-Natureza, com vistas à sustentabilidade. A Eco-eficiência, ao final do século XX, apresentou-se como solução para os problemas ambientais corporativos. Idealizada para ser aplicada em um empresas isolada, evoluiu para uma categoria central da Ecologia Industrial, ganhou contornos de Princípio e Filosofia para a Gestão Ambiental Empresarial, passando a orientar a geopolítica das nações no trato das questões ambientais supranacionais e políticas públicas das nações. A recente Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos apresenta a Eco-eficiência como um de seus princípios que deverão orientar gestores públicos e privados na elaboração de seus sistemas de gestão de resíduos sólidos. Devido aos impactos sociais, ambientais e ecológicos resultantes da geração e destinação inadequada dos resíduos sólidos, estes sistemas de gestão apresentam interfaces com outras políticas e sistemas de gestão públicos e privados nacionais. Estas interações conferem ao sistema de gestão de resíduos sólidos um caráter complexo, aberto, dinâmico e inclusivo, no qual o conceito de Eco-eficiência, baseado na alocação de recursos naturais, pode ser ressignificado em um outro nível de realidade, o nível coletivo, apresentando-se, como um conceito potencial voltado para a criação de recursos. Para corroborar esta hipótese apresenta-se uma abordagem integrativa com base na perspectiva socioecológica e no pensamento e metodologia transdisciplinar, na qual o conceito será contextualizado, problematizado e complexificado em seis níveis de realidade: Nível Genus-Global, Nível Político, Nível Acadêmico, Nível do Ecossistema, Território e Lugares, Nível Operacional e Nível Coletivo. Considera-se nesta abordagem os Arranjos Produtivos (indústrias e a Cadeia de Reciclagem), Arranjos Sociais (Comunidade localizadas e áreas de risco e precárias), Ecossistemas e Territórios, como Teia de Lugares, como Unidade Transdisciplinar perceptiva, cognitiva e analítica. A aplicação desta metodologia no Arranjo Produtivo Local Têxtil- Vestuário de Petrópolis, localizado na Região Serrana Fluminense, que se insere em um Ecossistema de Montanha, permitiu revelar outro Arranjo, invisível ao sistema de gestão público. Neste Arranjo de Retalhos e Estopas, cerca de 240 mulheres, residentes em comunidades precárias e de risco, beneficiam os resíduos sólidos gerados pelas indústrias do arranjo formal, conhecidos como retalhos, com os quais fabricam estopas. Conclui-se que esta abordagem integrativa, como proposta de ressignificação do conceito de Eco-eficiência, permitiu revelar, não somente uma nova realidade conceitual para a sua adoção e prática, como novos aspectos e variáveis para a construção de sistemas de gestão de resíduos sólidos industriais que tenham por foco a inclusão social, produtiva, cientifica e tecnológica de novos atores e recursos ao sistema.
The socio-environmental and socio-ecological potential and vulnerabilities, considering the multiple realities of ecosystems, territories and places, could reveal new pathways, collective and solidary actions, and assist strategic decision making in solid waste management systems. Such perspective would qualify principles, concepts, techniques and methodologies issues, as those targeted to respond to problems arising from the interaction Mankind- Society- Nature, with a view to sustainability. Eco-efficiency, at the end of the twentieth century, presented as a solution for corporate environmental problems. Designed to be applied in a single company has evolved into a central category of Industrial Ecology, takes shape of Principle and Philosophy for Corporate Environmental Management, guiding the geopolitics of nations in dealing with environmental issues. The recent Solid Waste National Policy presents the Ecoefficiency as one of its guiding principles for public and private managers in developing their solid waste management. These management systems have interfaces with another public policies and management systems. These interactions make the solid waste management a complex , open, dynamic and inclusive system, in which the concept of Eco-efficiency, based on the allocation of natural resources, can be reframed in another level of reality, the collective level , presenting itself as a concept potential towards the "creation of resources." This research presents an integrative approach, based on thinking and methodology Transdisciplinary, in which the concept is contextualized, problematized and became complex in six levels of reality: Genus- Global; Political; Academic; Ecosystems, territories and places; Operational; and Collective level. It is considered in this approach Productive Arrangements (industries and Recycling chains), Social Arrangements (Community in risk and precarious area), Ecosystems and Territories, as a Web of Places, as a perceptive, cognitive and analytical Transdisciplinary Unit. The application of this methodology in the Local Productive Arrangement Textile-Clothing, located in Petropolis, Rio de Janeiro, in a Mountain Ecosystem, revealed another arrangement, invisible to the public management system. In this Flaps and Rags Arrangement, about 240 women living in risk and precarious communities, benefit the solid waste generated by the industries of the formal arrangement, known as flaps, and manufacture rags. It is concluded that this integrative approach, as proposed, reframed the concept of Eco-efficiency, revealed, not only a new conceptual reality for their adoption and practice, but also new aspects and variables to build industrial solid wastes management systems which have their focus on social, productive, scientific and technological inclusion of new actors and resources.

Previous research on Moa Martinson, and Kvinnor och äppelträd in particular, has mainly focused on the aspect of sex and gender.     The overarching purpose of the presented paper is to examine the concept of nature in the aforementioned novel. The text is read as a negotiation, and state of tension, between two differing concepts of nature. On the one hand an anarchist-romanticist view of nature defined by a questioning of the human-nature demarcation, and by its insistence on nature having intrinsic value; on the other hand a capitalist-bourgeois view of nature, drawing a clear line between human and nature, defining nature as an instrument to accomplish other means.     The concept of nature is examined along three main lines. The first chapter examines nature as seen through the eyes of the characters and the narrator. In the second chapter the 'place' as a special spatial category is studied. Lastly, the novel's view on human nature is investigated.     The results are then analyzed according to Kate Soper's tri-partite concept of nature. On all three levels the novel is found to exhibit a tension between two opposing tendencies. On the one hand nature is described as an animated being (related to concepts such as chance, fate, will), on the other hand a naturalistic realist discourse is represented, describing nature in scientific terms. At the same time the novel contains a deconstructive vein, undermining binary oppositions such as the one suggested above.     In the concluding analysis the idea of an authorial voice (used in a Bakthinian sense) is used to examine the conception of nature presented in the novel.  A circular view of life and nature emerges, represented by the symbol of the 'path'. A small-scale communitarian ideal is also exhibited, emphasizing the need for humans to live in harmony with, and in proximity to, nature.

The increase of trading has created many environmental, ecological, social and ethical problems. The main concern across all industries is to create more sustainable, eco-friendly and ethical manufacturing processes. Only by influence consumer's purchasing behavior there might be the demand for eco-green products. The fashion and textile industry as one of the main contributor to the world's economy is one of the main environmental polluter (e.g.: soil, lakes, river and air). Recently, many young fashion designers started to offer eco-green fashion to the market. This new phenomenon might change the course of the world fashion industry. The goal of this research is to find out the real demand for eco-green products and its impacts on the traditional methods of fashion manufacturing. Three geographical areas where chosen to represent consumption side (US and EU (UK)) and manufacturing side (China). The specific fashion garment was chosen to demonstrate detailed analysis of the manufacturing processes and its new eco-green formula -- the denim jeans. The primary and secondary research approaches were chosen to cover the whole industrial view on this phenomenon. The outcome of the research showed that the major impact was on the general consumer's purchasing behavior and their life style. It is a new trend and concept that is reshaping the traditional fashion business models. Denim jeans industry leaders such as Levi's Strauss are in process of implementing eco-green, ethical and fair-trade factors into their long-term strategy.

En dépit du développement rapide de la médecine, les maladies cardiovasculaires restent la première cause de mortalité dans le monde. En France, chaque année, plus de 50 000 personnes meurent subitement en raison d'arythmies cardiaques. L'identification des patients à risque élevé de décès soudain est toujours un défi. Pour détecter les arythmies cardiaques, actuellement Holter est généralement utilisé pour enregistrer les signaux électrocardiogramme (ECG) à 1~3 dérivations pendant 24h à 72h. Cependant l'utilisation de Holter est limitée parmi la population en raison de son encombrement (pas convivial) et de son coût. Un Holter mono puce portable nommé SoC-Holter qui permet d'enregistrer 1 à 4 dérivations est introduit. Le déploiement d'un réseau de capteurs sans fil exige que chaque SoC-Holter soit peu encombrant et peu cher, et consomme peu d'énergie. Afin de minimiser la consommation d'énergie et le coût du système, la technologie Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) (0.35μm) est utilisée pour la première implémentation de SoC-Holter. Puis une nouvelle méthode de détection basée sur Acquisition Comprimée (CS) est introduite pour résoudre les problèmes de consommation d'énergie et de capacité de stockage de SoC-Holter. Le principe premier de cette plate-forme est d'échantillonner les signaux ECG sous la fréquence de Nyquist 'sub-Nyquist' et par la suite de classer directement les mesures compressées en états normal et anormal. Minimiser le nombre de fils qui relient les électrodes à la plate-forme peut rendre l'utilisateur de SoC-Holter plus confortable, car deux électrodes sont très proches sur la surface du corps. La différence ECG enregistrée est analysée à l'aide de Vectocardiogramme (VCG). Les résultats expérimentaux montrent qu'une approche intégrée, à faible coût et de faible encombrement (SoC-Holter) est faisable. Le SoC-Holter consomme moins de 10mW en fonctionnement. L'estimation des paramètres du signal acquis est effectuée directement à partir de mesures compressées, éliminant ainsi l'étape de la reconstruction et réduisant la complexité et le volume des calculs. En outre, le système fournit les signaux ECG compressés sans perte d'information, de ce fait il réduit significativement la consommation d'énergie pour l'envoi de message et l'espace de stockage mémoire. L'effet de placement des électrodes est évalué sur la QRS complexe lorsqu'il a enregistré avec deux électrodes adjacentes. La méthode est basée sur l'algorithme de 'QRS-VCG loop alignment'. La méthode moindre carré est utilisée pour estimer la corrélation entre une boucle VCG observée et une boucle de référence en respectant les transformations de rotation et la synchronisation du temps. Les emplacements d'électrodes les moins sensibles aux interférences sont étudiés.

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This research has as its main objective to introduce and analyze the environmental and socio-economic problems that have taken place in Concei??o da Barra - a city situated in the north region of Esp?rito Santo State - as a consequence of introduction of an exhaustively debated and quite controversial economic activity ? the monoculture of eucalyptus trees. The theme approach is based on a case study from Concei??o da Barra, which will update and complement the discussions presented in 1995 as subject of the author?s dissertation, as requirement for Master's Degree in Environmental and Forest Science at UFRRJ. This compendium introduces a real and updated socio-economic profile of the city of Concei??o da Barra, along with its environmental status and the performance of reforestation companies present in the area like ?FIBRIA? and ?SUZANO PAPEL e CELULOSE?. This research intends to resume the study of the area analyzed twenty years ago and to investigate, with the use of a more advanced methodology, the present features of the eucalyptus monoculture in Concei??o da Barra, as well as the environmental and socio-economic problems derived from such economic activity. It aims to compare past and present Concei??o da Barra contexts and to identify whether the problems detected in the past have been solved, whether new environmental practices have been adopted for the promotion of sustainable development, and whether all the demands related to improving the population's life quality have been met by the reforestation companies in the area. Two pieces of field research have taken place in Concei??o da Barra for data inventory. As for the methodology, qualitative research was selected. We interviewed representatives of the local political community, Town Hall workers, social activists, leaders of ?quilombola? communities, rural producers fostering reforestation, and also employees of reforestation companies living in rural and urban areas. The results obtained signal to the monoculture of eucalyptus trees as being a true originator of serious problems in Concei??o da Barra from environmental and socio-economic points of view, and reinforced the hypothesis that in the two last decades, new circumstances have aggravated the scenario causing a decadence process to the city.
A proposta deste trabalho de pesquisa constitui-se, primordialmente, em apresentar e analisar os problemas ambientais e econ?mico-sociais ocorridos no munic?pio de Concei??o da Barra - localizado no norte do estado do Esp?rito Santo - em decorr?ncia da introdu??o de uma atividade econ?mica bastante discutida atualmente e geradora de v?rias pol?micas - o monocultivo de eucalipto. A abordagem da tem?tica ser? feita a partir de um estudo de caso do respectivo munic?pio, que atualizar? e complementar? as discuss?es desenvolvidas na disserta??o apresentada pela autora em 1995, na UFRRJ, como requisito obrigat?rio para a finaliza??o do curso de Mestrado em Ci?ncias Ambientais e Florestais. O comp?ndio mostrar? o perfil s?cio econ?mico atual e ver?dico do Munic?pio de Concei??o da Barra, seu status ambiental e a atua??o das empresas reflorestadoras que trabalham na ?rea: FIBRIA e SUZANO PAPEL e CELULOSE. Os objetivos pretendidos com a pesquisa ? retomar a ?rea estudada h? vinte anos e investigar, com metodologia mais avan?ada, as caracter?sticas atuais do monocultivo de eucalipto no munic?pio de Concei??o da Barra e os problemas ambientais e econ?mico-sociais derivados dessa atividade econ?mica, comparando a atual conjuntura ambiental e econ?mico-social de Concei??o da Barra com o cen?rio constatado e analisado h? duas d?cadas, buscando identificar se os dist?rbios, outrora detectados, foram solucionados; se novas pr?ticas ambientais foram adotadas para a promo??o do desenvolvimento sustent?vel e se todas as demandas, pertinentes ? melhoria da qualidade de vida da popula??o do munic?pio, foram atendidas pelas empresas reflorestadoras que operam na ?rea. Foram realizados dois trabalhos de campo no Munic?pio de Concei??o da Barra para a execu??o do invent?rio de dados. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa qualitativa, com a realiza??o de conversas e entrevistas consistentes com representantes da pol?tica local, funcion?rios da Prefeitura Municipal, participantes dos movimentos sociais que agem no munic?pio, lideran?as das comunidades quilombolas, agricultores, produtores rurais participantes do fomento florestal e diversos habitantes do meio rural, empregados das reflorestadoras e alguns habitantes do espa?o urbano. Os resultados obtidos sinalizam que o monocultivo de eucalipto trouxe, verdadeiramente, s?rios problemas para Concei??o da Barra tanto sob o ponto de vista ambiental quanto o econ?mico-social e ratificam a hip?tese de que nas ?ltimas duas d?cadas, novas circunst?ncias agravaram esse cen?rio acarretando uma decad?ncia no munic?pio.

The academic and business understanding of how Business Models through Service Logic co-creates, proposes, and captures value in extensive and complex Networked Systems is at its first daylight, specifically in the context of Service Systems with their Ecologies. With the complexity emerging in the Service Economies along with the advances in Information and Communication Technology such as the Cloud and Big Data, to describe and define the business operations, units, and value propositions consequently is done by business modeling and innovation of the company to acquire a current or new capitalization strategy, control and execution. Open Business Models such as the Business Model Canvas are easily integrated in existing or new Enterprises and Service Systems, and aim to facilitate the development of private as well as public entities in adapting, accessing, and integrating operant and operand resources by the ever-so-more used Service Logic. A Service Business Model has the academia and business recognized Service-Dominant Logic (S-D Logic) as a foundation for sensemaking in complex Networked Systems and Service Economies. The authors have conducted 20 face-to-face interviews with private and public company managers at all levels, review of literature in the Business Model and Service Logic fields, and also reviewed case studies from IBM on Business Models and its Leadership, Strategy and Technology (and Services) – which is a natural extension of our Interdisciplinary and Systems Sciences studies with S-D Logic at Karlstad Business School and Karlstad University for the past four years. The author’s research, interviews and IBM’s case studies show a need for further conceptualization and sensemaking of the Value Co-Creations and Propositions in Service Eco-System settings – and also decision-making assistance for managers designing, innovating and using Service Business Models to create sustainable Ecologies. Moreover, a Leadership perspective with a systems level strategy in Service Eco-Systems through externally-faced Value Propositions with the ability to create opportunities needs to be developed through a systems thinking. Furthermore, the quality of interaction, shared information, and influence in Dyad Perspective to facilitate Triad Relationships captures value – which is facilitated by the new Service Canvas Business Model. We argue for a multiple perspective in Service Business Models to cater both partner and customer perspective with internally- and externally-faced Value Propositions to Co-Create or Capture Value – we see that this requires an objective (objectification) foundation for consensus; the 4C model. We contend that Service Eco-Systems cannot scale or sustain without the proper use of Technology specifically Communication but also Information, which determine most of the quality in modern and digital service interactions and perspectives. Our interviews, reviews, and cumulative research in Service Business Models and Eco-Systems with IBM case studies are all strong foundations for current and future research but also for business practice today.

This is a study of standardization in complexity. The context is innovation policy. Why do standardization and innovation go hand in hand and what does the interaction of interests between public and private actors look like in the “profile” of the standardization process? The nature of technical specifications, Lead Market Initiatives in Europe, social innovations, eco-innovations and psychological services for recruitment are the target areas of this study done in the style of Science, Technology and Society. We decrypt the codes of the expected behavior veiled in standards, the strategically selective sectoral integration of the European Internal Market, the emergence of innovation in standardized areas, the nature of the European innovation policy and the mission of each particular innovative sector. This research contains answers on how the European Union will move toward a more state-like organization bypassing the sovereignty of its member states. Standardization is a bouquet of strategic activities where each has its purpose, destination and time-framework. By studying standardization, we are able to look into the European future.

Before Namibian independence in 1990, teaching was mostly characterized by teacher-centred pedagogies in which teachers were perceived as the main sources of knowledge. This resulted in learners being passive recipients of such unquestioned knowledge. After independence and to address this, a new educational system was introduced which promoted learner-centred education (LCE) pedagogy. Despite these grand ideals, educational changes in sub-Saharan Africa form a complex issue involving tensions between policy formulation and implementation. This presents Namibian teachers with some challenges in enacting LCE pedagogies. One of these challenges is to find ways to motivate learners and to assist their learning by finding relevant and interesting connections between subject topics and their own experiences and everyday culture outside the classroom. An inability to enact the new curriculum results in learners performing poorly in subjects such as Physical Science. Against this backdrop, this study sought to explore whether or not the integration of traditional music and dance into the design and delivery of lessons on the concepts of echo and waves could influence grade 10 Physical Science learners’ sense making and dispositions towards science. This study was underpinned by an interpretive paradigm. It was informed and guided by the socio-cultural theory as my theoretical framework. The study was carried out with a grade 10 Physical Science class consisting of 30 learners at Lyambombla Combined School (pseudonym) in the Kavango West Region in the northern part of Namibia. Data were generated through diagnostic and summative tests, interviews and lesson observations incorporating traditional music and dance. The findings of the study showed that learners’ sense making and dispositions toward science were positively influenced through traditional music and dance. The study thus recommends the incorporation of indigenous ways of knowing in order to enhance meaning making in science classrooms.

Current quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technics offer biomarkers that allow performing non-invasive longitudinal studies for the follow up of therapeutic trials in neuromuscular disorders (NMD). In contrast to fat degeneration, the mechanisms of inflammation/oedema/necrosis and fibrosis are characteristic signs of disease activity, which makes their quantification a promising source of crucial biomarkers for longitudinal studies. This thesis work consisted on the implementation of more precise quantitative NMR methods adapted to the clinical study of skeletal muscle (SKM) for : (i) detection and quantification of sites of disease activity by T2-mapping of muscle water ; (ii) investigation of the different pathophysiological mechanisms underlying T2 alterations ; and (iii) Detection and quantification of muscle fibrosis. We implemented two methods for T2 mapping of muscle water. The first one is based on a multi-spin-echo sequence du type CPMG. In this method the 1H-NMR signals from water and lipids are acquired simultaneously. The acquired data are fitted to a tri-exponential model, in which water and fat signals are separated by exploring the T2 difference between water and fat. This method allows extraction of muscle water T2-value in the presence of fat infiltration. The second method is based on a " partially spoiled steady state free precession " (pSSFP) sequence. In contrast to the first method, which demands a sophisticated post-treatment of images acquired at 17 different echo-times, with the pSSFP a T2-mapping is extracted from two 3D data sets. 3D acquisition is compatible with spectrally selective water excitation, which eliminates signal contribution from lipids. Both methods were validated experimentally on patients and healthy subjects. The results demonstrated their capacity to detect and quantify disease activity sites. This 2 works have been published in two international journals : Azzabou, de Sousa, Araujo, & Carlier, 2014. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. DOI 10.1002/jmri.24613 (in press); et de Sousa, Vignaud, Araujo, & Carlier . 2012. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 67:1379-1390. Although it was shown to reveal disease activity, mono-exponential T2 of muscle water is non-specific to what concerns the mechanisms underlying its alterations. It has been long known that T2 relaxation in SKM tissue is multi-exponential. This is currently accepted to reveal anatomical compartmentation of myowater. We implemented a method for localized spectroscopic CPMG acquisition. CPMG data respect echo-time sampling and signal to noise ration limits for allowing robust multiexponential analysis. This work allowed us to establish a compartmentation model that perfectly explains the multi-exponential T2 relaxation observed in SKM tissue. This work was published in the " Biophysical Journal " (Araujo, Fromes & Carlier 2014. New Insights on skeletal muscle tissue compartments revealed by T2 NMR relaxometry. (In press)). Pilot studies performed in patients show promising results and suggest potential application of the method in clinical studies. Fibrosis starts with an excessive accumulation of intramuscular connective tissue (IMCT). We have explored the " Ultrashort time to echo " (UTE) method with the aim to detect and characterize the signal from IMCT. In a first study we characterized in vivo a short T2 component (~500 µs) in SKM, and we collected evidences suggesting that this component might reflect IMCT. Then we implemented a methodology that allowed imaging this short component in SKM tissue for the first time.

Actuellement, des méthodes quantitatives de résonance magnétique nucléaire (RMN) offrent des biomarqueurs qui permettent la réalisation d’études longitudinales pour le suivi de l’évolution des maladies neuromusculaires et des essais thérapeutiques de manière non-invasive. A la différence de la dégénérescence graisseuse, les processus d’inflammation/œdème/nécrose et fibrose sont des signes d’activité des maladies et leurs quantifications constitueraient ainsi de biomarqueurs parfaitement adaptés pour le suivi thérapeutique. Ce travail de thèse a consisté à mettre en place des méthodologies quantitatives plus précises et adaptées à l’étude clinique du muscle pour : (i) détecter et quantifier des sites d’activité de maladies par la cartographie T2 de l’eau ; (ii) identifier les différents processus pathophysiologiques qui sont à l’origine des altérations du T2 ; et (iii) détecter et quantifier la fibrose musculaire. Nous avons implémenté deux méthodes pour la quantification du T2 de l’eau dans le muscle. La première est basée sur une séquence d’écho de spin du type CPMG, où les signaux provenant des protons des lipides et de l’eau sont acquis simultanément et séparés à postériori par un traitement tri-exponentiel qui exploite la différence entre les T2 qui caractérisent les signaux de l’eau et de la graisse. La deuxième technique est basée sur une séquence de « partially spoiled steady state free precession (pSSFP) ». Différemment de la première technique qui nécessite un traitement assez élaboré sur des images acquises à 17 temps d’écho différents, dans la pSSFP la cartographie T2 est extraite à partir de deux séries de données 3D. L’acquisition 3D est compatible avec des techniques de sélection spectrale de l’eau, ce qui évite la contamination par les signaux des lipides. Les deux méthodes ont été validées expérimentalement chez des malades et des sujets sains et ont démontré leur capacité à détecter et quantifier des sites d’activité de maladies. Ces deux travaux font l’objet de deux publications dans des journaux scientifiques internationaux : Azzabou, de Sousa, Araujo, & Carlier, 2014. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. DOI 10.1002/jmri.24613 (in press); et de Sousa, Vignaud, Araujo, & Carlier . 2012. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 67:1379-1390. Malgré le fait de permettre la détection des sites d’activité de maladies, la mesure mono-exponentielle du T2 de l’eau par imagerie reste non-spécifique vis-à-vis des processus physiologiques à l’origine de l’augmentation du T2. Il est connu que la relaxation T2 du muscle squelettique n’est pas mono-exponentielle. Cela est interprété comme une conséquence de la compartimentation anatomique de l’eau tissulaire. Nous avons mis au point une méthode pour l’acquisition localisée de données CPMG. Cette technique permet l’acquisition des données dans des conditions nécessaires pour la réalisation de traitements multi-exponentiels précis. Ce travail nous a permis d’établir un modèle de compartimentation qui explique parfaitement la relaxation T2 dans le muscle. Il a fait l’objet d’un article publié dans le « Biophysical Journal » (Araujo, Fromes & Carlier 2014. New Insights on skeletal muscle tissue compartments revealed by T2 NMR relaxometry. (In press)). Les essais réalisés chez des sujets malades suggèrent un grand potentiel pour l’application de la méthode dans des études cliniques. La formation de la fibrose commence avec une accumulation excessive de tissu conjonctif intramusculaire (TCIM). Nous avons exploité la technique « Ultrashort Time-to-Echo » (UTE) pour essayer de détecter et caractériser le signal du TCIM. Dans une première étude, nous avons caractérisé in vivo une composante à T2 court (~500 µs) dans le muscle, et nous avons trouvé des indices qui suggèrent qu’elle représente le TCIM. Dans une deuxième étude, nous avons mis au point une méthodologie qui a permis d’imager cette composante à T2 court dans le muscle pour la première fois
Current quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technics offer biomarkers that allow performing non-invasive longitudinal studies for the follow up of therapeutic trials in neuromuscular disorders (NMD). In contrast to fat degeneration, the mechanisms of inflammation/oedema/necrosis and fibrosis are characteristic signs of disease activity, which makes their quantification a promising source of crucial biomarkers for longitudinal studies. This thesis work consisted on the implementation of more precise quantitative NMR methods adapted to the clinical study of skeletal muscle (SKM) for : (i) detection and quantification of sites of disease activity by T2-mapping of muscle water ; (ii) investigation of the different pathophysiological mechanisms underlying T2 alterations ; and (iii) Detection and quantification of muscle fibrosis. We implemented two methods for T2 mapping of muscle water. The first one is based on a multi-spin-echo sequence du type CPMG. In this method the 1H-NMR signals from water and lipids are acquired simultaneously. The acquired data are fitted to a tri-exponential model, in which water and fat signals are separated by exploring the T2 difference between water and fat. This method allows extraction of muscle water T2-value in the presence of fat infiltration. The second method is based on a « partially spoiled steady state free precession » (pSSFP) sequence. In contrast to the first method, which demands a sophisticated post-treatment of images acquired at 17 different echo-times, with the pSSFP a T2-mapping is extracted from two 3D data sets. 3D acquisition is compatible with spectrally selective water excitation, which eliminates signal contribution from lipids. Both methods were validated experimentally on patients and healthy subjects. The results demonstrated their capacity to detect and quantify disease activity sites. This 2 works have been published in two international journals : Azzabou, de Sousa, Araujo, & Carlier, 2014. Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging. DOI 10.1002/jmri.24613 (in press); et de Sousa, Vignaud, Araujo, & Carlier . 2012. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. 67:1379-1390. Although it was shown to reveal disease activity, mono-exponential T2 of muscle water is non-specific to what concerns the mechanisms underlying its alterations. It has been long known that T2 relaxation in SKM tissue is multi-exponential. This is currently accepted to reveal anatomical compartmentation of myowater. We implemented a method for localized spectroscopic CPMG acquisition. CPMG data respect echo-time sampling and signal to noise ration limits for allowing robust multiexponential analysis. This work allowed us to establish a compartmentation model that perfectly explains the multi-exponential T2 relaxation observed in SKM tissue. This work was published in the « Biophysical Journal » (Araujo, Fromes & Carlier 2014. New Insights on skeletal muscle tissue compartments revealed by T2 NMR relaxometry. (In press)). Pilot studies performed in patients show promising results and suggest potential application of the method in clinical studies. Fibrosis starts with an excessive accumulation of intramuscular connective tissue (IMCT). We have explored the « Ultrashort time to echo » (UTE) method with the aim to detect and characterize the signal from IMCT. In a first study we characterized in vivo a short T2 component (~500 µs) in SKM, and we collected evidences suggesting that this component might reflect IMCT. Then we implemented a methodology that allowed imaging this short component in SKM tissue for the first time

This thesis offers an urban solution for the landscape near the village of Strachotín. The work is based on the need for a plan to develop the selected landscape. The project looks for the most suitable way to arrange the premises and the buildings located there functionally and spatially. The work aims to provide a concept that works in the context of tourism development, economic potential and the natural conditions of the region. The object chosen for study is an eco-farm, which includes stables for horses, horse riding facilities, accommodation for guests and restaurants. For the architectural design we have chosen the horse stable. The proposal is based on the need to solve the whole territory comprehensively, taking into account wider municipal and landscape links. The task was to propose the optimal functional and spatial arrangement of the locality, especially the farm for agrotourism and to offer selected additional functions.Another important question is how to proceed when designing an organic farm in the Czech Republic and what specific points to focus on in the proposal. The aim of the work and the solution that it wants to achieve is to generalize the principles of designing a new modern organic farm using the principles of ecological and energy-efficient architecture, renewable energy sources and waste-free management. The work represents a new direction for the development of settlements within landscape urbanism. The aim of the thesis is to show that it is not necessary to use the latest technologies and radical architectural concepts to create a comfortable and “green” rural area or public space. The idea behind the creation of the complex was the integration of Czech regional flora into the rural area with its buildings, materials and the feelings of its inhabitants. Therefore, other questions arise - what is characteristic of the Czech countryside? What is the purpose of rural life? What is rural identity? The main features of the traditional Czech countryside are castles, churches, ponds, trees, hills, fields, and livestock. The design of the organic farm seeks to achieve a certain overlap in the concept of the identity of the village and the education of children through attractive spaces where people and nature interact. The proposed diverse space of the organic farm will complement the missing traditional elements in the village, such as the pond, meeting rooms, orchard and countryside trails. In this way, the farm allows a confrontation between housing conditions and the landscape. The area is in contrast with the village of Strachotín, but it is designed in such a way that the two spaces join together in harmony. At some point, the differences between nature and the community disappear. The horse farm offers riding lessons, historical sightseeing tours, horse riding summer camps, and a horse riding farm. The project has a capacity of 20 stalls for horses. The farm is also very suitable for show jumping, exhibitions, horse auctions, hobby races and other one-off events. Another attractive tourist area is the location on the bank of the Věstonice reservoir. It is planned not only as a beautiful space for walking or cycling, but also as an area for various public events, such as farmers' markets. Thanks to the proposed variability of spaces and attractions, the farm can serve all year round and people will spend more time in the rural environment.

La modélisation des interférences de raies dans des spectres de gaz moléculaires repose sur le concept de la matrice de relaxation dont les éléments diagonaux décrivent les raies isolées et les éléments non-diagonaux représentent le transfert d'intensité entre les raies. Ces éléments non-diagonaux sont modélisés en appliquant des lois d'échelle comme le modèle ECS (Energy-Corrected-Sudden). Nous avons considéré la molécule de CO2 car ce gaz joue un rôle important dans les atmosphères terrestre et planétaires. En plus, à cause de la petite valeur de sa constante de rotation, les raies se serrent et se chevauchent, donnant naissance à des interférences de raies. Grâce aux nouvelles valeurs des paramètres ajustés,nous avons réexaminé l'application de l'approche ECS non-Markovienne (déjà développée pour des spectres de diffusion Raman anisotrope de CO2) _a des spectres de diffusion Raman isotrope, spectre rotationnel pur et spectres ro-vibrationnels de la bande _1 et 2_2. Nous avons également présenté une généralisation de cette approche, aux bandes parallèles et perpendiculaires d'absorption infrarouge, pour les molécules linéaires avec des modes de flexion, accompagnée d'applications au cas de CO2
Modeling of line mixing in the molecular gas spectra is based on the concept of the relaxation matrix whose diagonal elements describe the isolated lines and non-diagonal elements represent the transfer of intensity between the lines. Thesenon-diagonal elements are modeled by applying scaling laws such as ECS (Energy-Corrected Sudden) model. We considered the CO2 molecule due to its important role in the terrestrial and planetary atmospheres. In addition, because of the small value of the rotational constant, the lines over lap, giving rise to the line-mixing.Using the new values of the tted parameters, we reviewed the application of ECSnon-Markovian (already developed for an isotropic Raman scattering spectra ofCO2) approach to isotropic Raman scattering spectra, rotational spectrum andro-vibrational spectra of 1 and 2 2 band. We also presented a generalization of this approach for the parallel and perpendicular bands of infrared absorption for linear molecules with the bending modes, and their applications for CO2 molecule

碩士
國立成功大學
機械工程學系
106
Nowadays, technological developments often impacts environment. Businesses have always sought to make a profit and design the innovation products, but usually neglect its environmental impacts. Besides, pollution occurs during the manufacture of products and materials. The earliest life on Earth began around 3.8 billion year ago, and they are agreed by Nature with no any pollution which destroy the enviorment until the industrial revolution. Having no enough resources and polluting have forced some scientist to rethink the way and the method we should learn from Nature instead of overusing it. Designers who lack enough knowledge of biology are capable of using Biomimicry searching tools through natural language to have biologically inspired idea. This thesis describes a method that is designed to simplify the TRIZ contradiction matrix with new parameters of eco-innovation which is based on the 7 principles of eco-efficiency by World Business Council For Sustainable Development (WBCSD) to create the 5x5 New TRIZ eco-matrix, and establish the connection between new eco-matrix and biomimetic concepts. The designer can find suitable TRIZ inventive principles from new eco-matrix and get related biomimicry keywords from TRIZ inventive principles. The biomimicry keywords can reach some biology cases with some biomimetic design concepts. Using the new eco-matrix and biomimicry design concepts can help engineers and companies design environmental friendly products easily and quickly.

碩士
中原大學
工業與系統工程研究所
104
In order to resolve the serious environmental problems, in the recent decade the international organizations impose many environment related directives or regulations to require countries and companies to take responsibility for the environmental impacts of their products. The producers have to incorporate this attentiveness from the product life cycle aspect, considering the environmental concerns in the very beginning of the product design stage; in order to reduce the environmental impact. Additionally, because of the rising environmental awareness, green consumption has become a trend in developing at the present. Therefore, product eco-design is an ace issue that any enterprise needs to pay more attention on. Owing to abovementioned facts, this study provides a new methodology of green product design. Integrating Anticipatory Failure Determination (AFD) and eco-design concerns, combined environmental concerns with the analysis process of AFD, this research found the potential non-green phenomenon of the product. Finally, utilizing the TRIZ inventive principles, we come up with new product design. We believe that the result of this study can serve as a new methodology for the eco-design.

As recentes alterações climáticas ditam um novo paradigma na gestão, um equilíbrio dinâmico entre sustentabilidade e lucro. O empreendedorismo no setor do vinho poderá passar pelo green management, visando criar valor acrescentado ao produto e consequente vantagem competitiva. Elaborou-se um processo de produção “ECO” para a marca Foral D. Henrique, utilizando garrafas mais leves, com dimensões que permitem o transporte de quantidades maiores. A produção efetiva do Foral D. Henrique “ECO” permitiu analisar a influência na decisão de compra do aspeto da garrafa e da menção “ECO” e ainda o valor acrescentado à marca em lucro e notoriedade, utilizando como ponto de comparação o Foral D. Henrique 2015 e o Foral D. Henrique “Ecova Sedução”. O presente estudo um misto de Estudo Causal e Estudo Descritivo, que analisa de forma sistemática, lógica e robusta os comportamentos de compra dos inquiridos relativamente ao novo produto, criado exclusivamente para ser objeto deste trabalho. Foi também efetuada a análise comparativa da estrutura de custos dos produtos e da respetiva cadeia de abastecimento, fazendo uma projeção do impacte económico nos custos e proveitos da Adega Cooperativa de Mangualde, CRL. Estas alterações resultaram, do ponto de vista económico, numa redução de 4,61% no custo de produção e transporte, do ponto de vista ambiental, numa diminuição de 7,06% nos resíduos introduzidos na cadeia de abastecimento. Os resultados do inquérito indicam que os consumidores, quando menos informados, dão mais importância ao aspeto; quando mais informados, valorizam o preço. O conceito Eco é válido, desde que a mensagem seja transmitida corretamente ao consumidor, estando 67,2% dos inquiridos dispostos a pagar mais, o que pode ter um impacte de 4.48% na faturação no posto de venda. A chave do sucesso do negócio verde é a comunicação.
Climate change imposes a new paradigm in Management, a dynamic balance between sustainability and profit. Entrepreneurship in wine business may go through Green Management, aiming to generate increased value to product and consequent competitive advantage. An "ECO" production process was developed for the Foral D. Henrique brand, using lighter bottles with dimensions that allow the transport of larger quantities. The actual production of Foral D. Henrique "ECO" made it possible to analyze the influence on the purchase decision of the bottle and the "ECO" brand, and the value added to the brand in profit and notoriety, using Foral D Henrique 2015 and the Foral D. Henrique "Ecova Sedução" as balance. This study is a mixture of Causal Study and Descriptive Study that systematically, logically and robustly analyzes the buying behaviors of the respondents regarding the new product created exclusively to be object of this study. A comparative analysis of the cost structure of the products and their supply chain was also made, with a projection of the economic impact on the costs and revenues of the Adega Cooperativa de Mangualde, CRL. These changes have resulted in a reduction in the cost of production and transport of 4.61% and from the environmental point of view, in a decrease of 7,06% in waste introduced into the supply chain. The results of the survey indicate that consumers when less informed give more importance to the aspect and when more informed value the price. The Eco concept is valid as long as the message is correctly communicated to the consumer, with 67.2% of the respondents willing to pay more, which can have a 4.48% impact on the billing at the point of sale. The key to green business success is communication.

Dissertação de Mestrado, Gestão do Turismo Internacional, 19 de Julho de 2016, Universidade dos Açores.
O Slow Food é um movimento internacional que valoriza os produtos alimentares tradicionais, artesanais e locais. Privilegia a culinária na sua origem, relacionando-a com os hábitos e cultura de um povo. Preserva a biodiversidade e a sustentabilidade do mundo rural, defendendo o prazer de uma experiência gastronómica. É um movimento que surge como expressão alternativa do fast food no mundo atual mas ainda sem registo nos Açores. Este projeto promove a sua implementação nesta Região, com o aproveitamento dos recursos naturais, culturais, gastronómicos e tradicionais que tanto a valorizam. Tem por base a incrementação do valor da identidade gastronómica e cultural do arquipélago, potenciando o seu sector turístico. As condições idealizadas pelo movimento internacional Slow Food, como as preocupações ambientais e rurais, a herança gastronómica, as tradições locais e a preservação do destino turístico, estão reunidas neste grupo de ilhas. Daí a importância do surgimento deste conceito num dos destinos cada vez mais procurados da Europa: os Açores. Foram efetuados inquéritos a Chefs, empresários, outros agentes e pessoas singulares ligadas à restauração e à gastronomia local, para complementar o estudo de implementação deste conceito nos Açores. Os resultados constatam que a maioria dos inquiridos já tem algum conhecimento da filosofia Slow Food, abordam o tema com entusiasmo e reconhecem ser uma experiência diferenciadora que valorizará a oferta turística. O Slow Food visa atingir um nicho de mercado sensibilizado pela procura de produtos turísticos naturais, representando simultaneamente uma fuga aos destinos massificados na procura do sossego e tranquilidade que a natureza pode oferecer.
ABSTRACT: Slow Food is an international movement that values the regional traditions, artisanal and local food. Privileges the cuisine at its source linking it to the habits and culture of a people. Preserves biodiversity and the sustainability of the rural world, defending the pleasure of a fine dining experience. This movement emerges as an alternative expression of fast food in the world today though does not yet exists in the Azores. This project promotes the implementation in this region, with the use of natural, cultural, gastronomic and traditional resources that both value. It is based on incrementing the value of the gastronomic and cultural identity of the archipelago, enhancing its tourist sector. The conditions devised by the international Slow Food movement, such as environmental and rural concerns, culinary heritage, local traditions and the preservation of the tourist destination, are gathered in this group of islands. Hence the importance of the emergence of the concept of a destination increasingly popular in Europe: the Azores. Questionnaire surveys were made to Chefs, managers, agents and other individuals linked to the restoration and local cuisine to complement the study of implementation of this concept in the Azores. The results find that the majority of respondents already have some knowledge of the Slow Food philosophy, approach the subject with enthusiasm and acknowledge to be a distinctive experience that will value the tourist offer. Slow Food aims to reach a niche market moved by demand for natural tourism products, while representing an escape to the mass market destinations in search of peace and tranquillity that nature can offer.

A presente dissertação foi realizada no âmbito do estágio curricular inserido no Mestrado de Biotecnologia Industrial e Ambiental da Universidade de Aveiro, decorrido no Instituto dos Vinhos do Porto e Douro, I.P., no Porto, com especial destaque o laboratório da organização. Um dos principais objetivos deste trabalho foi a realização de uma Revisão de Literatura onde se fez uma pesquisa bibliográfica exaustiva de forma a reunir toda a informação científica relevante para o estudo, com especial incidência nos seguintes conceitos e na importância da sua aplicação na consecução de objetivos verdes e sustentáveis: Química Verde, Química Analítica Verde, e Laboratório Verde. A segunda etapa consistiu num diagnóstico ambiental visando o estudo do desempenho ambiental do IVDP com o objetivo de compreender a situação atual no que concerne às questões ambientais, através da análise dos principais indicadores ambientais associados às práticas laboratoriais, tais como o consumo de água, o consumo de energia elétrica e respetivas emissões atmosféricas, geração de resíduos perigosos e não perigosos e o consumo de reagentes e solventes químicos. Apesar de não possuir certificado ambiental, está patente na conduta interna do IVDP a preocupação pelas questões ambientais. Com a última fase do estudo pretendeu-se a identificação e avaliação do caráter verde dos principais métodos analíticos realizados nos quatro setores do SL com recurso a duas ferramentas no âmbito da Química Analítica Verde: a Eco-Escala Analítica e o Certificado Verde. Após a classificação dos métodos, concluiu-se que 27% dos métodos se inserem na categoria A, 51% na categoria B, 17% na categoria C e somente 5% na categoria D. Da mesma forma, observou-se que 90% dos métodos selecionados obtiveram uma pontuação superior a 75, ou seja, são considerados métodos verdes excelentes, o que comprova a adequabilidade desses métodos no respeita às boas práticas no laboratório e à manutenção da qualidade ambiental do laboratório. Apesar do comportamento ambiental positivo da instituição, foram feitas recomendações na ótica da diminuição do impacte ambiental e da introdução do conceito de economia circular na gestão de resíduos da organização, dos quais se destacam a recuperação e reciclagem de solventes orgânicos e de sais inorgânicos de misturas de resíduos
The present dissertation was carried out in the scope of the curricular internship held at the Instituto of Wines of Porto and Douro, I.P, in Porto, with special emphasis on the organization’s laboratory. One of the main objectives of this work was to elaborate a Literature Review where an exhaustive bibliographical research was done in order to gather all the scientific information and concepts relevant for the study, focusing on the following concepts and their importance in achieving green and sustainable goals: Green Chemistry, Green Analytical Chemistry and Green Labs. The second step of the work consisted of an environmental diagnosis aimed at studying the environmental performance of IVDP to comprehend the current situation regarding the environmental issues, by analyzing the main environmental indicators associated with laboratory practices, such as water consumption, consumption of electricity and respective atmospheric emissions, generation of hazardous and non-hazardous waste, and the consumption of chemical reagents and solvents. Although it does not yet have an environmental certification, it is evident in the internal conduct of IVDP the concern for environmental issues. The last phase of the work was related to the identification and assessment of the green profiles of the main analytical methods performed in the four sectors of the laboratory of IVDP, using two tools widely used in the field of Green Analytical Chemistry: Eco-Scale and Green Certificate. After the classification of the methods, it was concluded that 27% of the methods fall into Category A, 51% in category B, 17% in Category C and only 5% in Category D. Similarly, it was observed that 90% of the selected methods obtain a score higher than 75, that is, they are considered as excellent green analytical methods, which proves the suitability of these methods in terms of the good laboratory practices and the maintenance of the environmental quality of the IVDP’s laboratory. Despite the positive environmental behavior of the institution, some recommendations were made foreseeing the reduction of the environmental impact and introduce the concept of Circular Economy in the IVDP’s waste management, which includes the recovery and recycling of organic solvents and inorganic salts from waste mixtures
Mestrado em Biotecnologia

Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Information Management, specialization in Marketing Intelligence
The cosmetics market is developing at a rapid pace, increasing consumers' concerns for sustainability. This sustainability trend raises firms' awareness to refresh their product range with new eco-friendly product lines and invest in sustainable packaging. To this end, this research conducted with 253 cosmetics consumers aims to investigate how the intrinsic behavioral motivators impact customers' buying intentions regarding green packaging. The current study extends the existing literature of social theories already developed and thoroughly examined by paving the way in investigating the association between an individual's characteristics (e.g., self-esteem, self-identity, moral satisfaction, planet ownership, product ownership, purchase intention for eco-packaged cosmetics, and their willingness to pay. In other words, the current study seeks to understand the internal factors of the customer that encourage the purchase of green cosmetics by providing a first conceptual framework that combines these factors. The findings can aid in maximizing the efficacy of packaging in green cosmetics to fulfill customer practical and emotional expectations and encourage environmentally-friendly consumer choices.

Con l’espressione “marketing internazionale” ci si riferisce a quell’insieme di attività adottate dall’impresa al fine di sviluppare o perfezionare la propria presenza sul mercato estero. Oggetto della presente ricerca è l’analisi degli aspetti problematici che tali attività sollevano sul piano giuridico: attraverso un approccio basato sull’integrazione della cultura economica del marketing d’impresa con quella più propriamente giuridica, l’indagine mira ad individuare le fattispecie di marketing rilevanti sotto il profilo giuridico e giuspubblicistico, ad analizzarne i profili che risultano più critici per l’impresa e proporre soluzioni concrete. La ricerca è stata condotta in collaborazione all’azienda Gruppo Meccaniche Luciani, che oltre ad essere un affermato fornitore di stampi per calzature, progetta design innovativi attraverso una sua articolazione organizzativa creativa, denominata Luciani LAB. L’impresa investe molto nell’innovazione, ed in questo senso, particolarmente significativo è stato l’acquisto di una potente stampante 3D, tecnologicamente all’avanguardia, che ha consentito all’azienda di progettare diversi prodotti, tra cui una borsa, realizzarli in prototipazione rapida, e successivamente renderli oggetto di specifiche campagne promozionali, illustrate nel presente lavoro. Viene evidenziato come queste rispecchino la peculiarità dell’approccio al marketing da parte della piccola/media impresa, descritto dalla dottrina maggioritaria come intuitivo ed empirico, distante da quello teorico e strategico del marketing management. La collaborazione con l’impresa partner del progetto ha costituito il riferimento principale per l’elaborazione del metodo con cui condurre la ricerca: l’azienda ha promosso i propri prodotti mediante diverse strumenti di marketing, come inserti pubblicitari su riviste, campagne di e-mail marketing e fiere di settore. Queste attività si distinguono tra esse non solo rispetto alle funzioni, alle differenti modalità con cui vengono impiegate e al pubblico cui si rivolgono, ma anche e soprattutto rispetto alla disciplina giuridica di riferimento: ognuna di esse infatti è regolata da un determinato complesso di regole e solleva questioni che si inseriscono in una specifica cornice giuridica. Al fine di giungere ad una sistematica trattazione dei profili giuridici connessi, si è scelto di classificare le diverse azioni di marketing in tre gruppi: quelle riferite alla comunicazione, quelle inerenti l’aspetto del prodotto e quelle che si riferiscono al cliente Per ognuna di queste aree si individua una precisa questione critica per l’impresa, e se ne trattano i profili problematici dal punto di vista giuridico. In relazione al primo gruppo, ovvero la comunicazione pubblicitaria d’impresa, si evidenziano le criticità connesse alla possibilità di tutelare giuridicamente l’idea creativa alla base del messaggio pubblicitario: si mette in discussione l’efficacia degli strumenti giuridici invocabili a sua tutela, in particolare della disciplina del diritto d’autore, della concorrenza sleale e dell’autodisciplina. Si prende come riferimento principale il contesto italiano, considerando la pluralità degli interessi pubblici, collettivi ed individuali coinvolti. Il secondo profilo d’indagine riguarda la disciplina giuridica riconducibile all’e-mail marketing, uno degli strumenti più diffusi di comunicazione digitale. L’invasività di questo sistema nella sfera personale dei destinatari impone l’adozione di adeguati rimedi da parte delle imprese per evitare di incorrere nella violazione delle disposizioni a tutela della privacy. Si trattano le diverse implicazioni derivanti dall’uso di tale strumento, in particolare quelle riferite al trattamento dei dati personali alla luce della normativa vigente in Italia e nell’Unione Europea, e connesse alle modalità di raccolta degli indirizzi e-mail dei destinatari potenzialmente interessati. Infine, la costante partecipazione alle fiere di settore da parte dell’azienda dimostra quanto l’esteriorità del prodotto costituisca uno strumento di marketing decisivo per la competitività aziendale, dunque grande è l’interesse dell’impresa a che il suo aspetto esteriore venga protetto dall’imitazione dei concorrenti. Il tema giuridico più significativo che lega il processo di marketing al prodotto dell’azienda è proprio la protezione legale del suo aspetto, ovvero la tutela del diritto esclusivo di utilizzarlo, e vietarne l’uso a terzi. L’aspetto di un prodotto può essere oggetto di protezione sulla base di diverse discipline che concorrono tra loro, sia a livello nazionale che sovranazionale, dei disegni e modelli, del marchio di forma, del diritto d’autore e della concorrenza sleale. Si è scelto di concentrare il lavoro, in particolare, sulla prima: si ricostruisce il quadro normativo e l’assetto degli interessi implicati dalla fattispecie, per arrivare ad evidenziare le principali criticità nell’interpretazione delle norme, sia a livello nazionale, che nell’Unione Europea. Si approfondiscono gli orientamenti di dottrina e giurisprudenza di alcune disposizioni chiave per l’applicazione della disciplina, quali gli artt. 6 e 7 del Regolamento CE, n. 6/2002, concernenti rispettivamente il «carattere individuale» e la «divulgazione», i due requisiti fondamentali per ottenere la registrazione e conseguente protezione giuridica del disegno. Tali nozioni sono soggette ad interpretazioni parzialmente difformi da parte dei giudici dei diversi Stati membri, e ciò contribuisce a minare l’applicazione omogenea della disciplina in tutto il territorio UE. In questo senso, viene messo in evidenza il ruolo chiave dell’orientamento della Corte di Giustizia dell’Unione Europea nell’interpretazione di tali concetti, avente l’effetto di uniformare l’approccio degli Stati. La Direttiva 98/71/CE ha introdotto la possibilità di cumulare la protezione conferita all’aspetto del prodotto dalla disciplina dei disegni e modelli con quella riconosciuta dalle altre normative. Tale previsione solleva questioni di rilievo sistematico e concorrenziale: ci si interroga su quali problemi di tipo sistematico e di concorrenza vengano sollevati dal riconoscimento su uno stesso prodotto della protezione sia come disegno che come marchio di forma, e sia come disegno che come opera dell’ingegno. In particolare nell’ambito del diritto dei marchi d’impresa e del diritto d’autore, le tutele hanno durata potenzialmente perpetua, diversamente dalla registrazione come disegno o modello, che garantisce la titolarità del diritto di utilizzare il proprio disegno in via esclusiva per un periodo limitato di massimo 25 anni. Questa differenza temporale rende il cumulo problematico sia a livello di coordinamento, che di concorrenza, poiché incentiva il sorgere di “monopoli creativi” sulle forme del prodotto. Il presente lavoro ha come obiettivo l’ampliamento della conoscenza sul tema del marketing con particolare riferimento ai profili giuridici che si pongono, con riguardo alla promozione del prodotto nell’ambito dell’Unione Europea. Si ritiene che il valore aggiunto e l’aspetto più originale della ricerca consista nella sua forte aderenza alla realtà della piccola/media impresa: tramite l’integrazione della ricerca giuridica e dello studio dei fenomeni di marketing si delineano i problemi pratici che questa si trova a dover affrontare nell’implementazione delle attività quotidiane di marketing. Tale indagine vuole essere utile a tutte le piccole/medie imprese che si trovano impreparate nell’affrontare le sfide poste dal marketing e nel conoscere le implicazioni giuridiche che da questo derivano.

The concept of the contemporary author in case of J. K. Rowling The diploma thesis deals with the contemporary concept of the author which is examined on the specific case of Joanne Kathleen Rowling. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the biography of the author and the previous philosophical theories concerning the concept of the author and his/her role in the identity of the literary work. The main authors of the theories are Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault, and Umberto Eco, whose concept is crucial for this thesis. The research part presents specific styles of writing which are characteristic for authors and applies this theory to the analysis of two literary works of J. K. Rowling. The conclusion of the thesis is the summary of the research and an attempt to define the concept of the contemporary author. Key words The author, authorship, literary work, pseudonym, the concept of the author, style of writing, J. K. Rowling, Robert Galbraith, Roland Barthes, Michel Foucault, Umberto Eco