Academic literature on the topic 'Concerned significant others (CSOs)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Concerned significant others (CSOs)"
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Edgren, Robert, Pia Pörtfors, Susanna Raisamo, and Sari Castrén. "Treatment for the concerned significant others of gamblers: A systematic review." Journal of Behavioral Addictions 11, no. 1 (March 28, 2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2006.2021.00088.
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Abstract Background and aims Research recognizes the extent of harm experienced by concerned significant others (CSOs) of gamblers. This systematic review’s aims are to examine the interventions for CSOs, evaluate potential benefits, and thematically describe treatment processes. The Stress-Strain-Coping-Support model (SSCS) served as the theoretical framework. Methods Database searches were conducted in: MEDLINE, CINAHL Complete, Web of Science Core Collection, Social Services Abstracts, Applied Social Science Index and Abstracts, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and APA PsycInfo (between 01/Jan 2011–10/Jun 2021). Other search methods were also utilized. Inclusion criteria: interventions for CSOs with CSO specific outcomes. The Evidence Project Risk of Bias Tool was used for assessment. Results 19/768 records were included. Nine interventions were utilized: 3 CSO directed, 4 for couples, and 2 low threshold online interventions. A quantitative synthesis (N = 7 studies) of effect size estimates for depression and anxiety measures didn’t indicate any intervention to have better outcomes than others. Core themes in the treatment process identified in the qualitative synthesis (N = 7) included: information and understanding, social support, coping skills, communication, and strain. Limitations in the evidence related to sampling, control-conditions and outcome measurements. Discussion and conclusion Several interventions were identified, yet no specific interventions appeared more beneficial than others. Using the SSCS model, commonalities and differences in intervention content were identified, along with themes that influence treatment processes. The need for tailored interventions is discussed. Future treatment efficacy research should carefully select study designs and outcome measurements. PROSPERO (CRD42021229408).
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Calderwood, Kimberly A., and Anne Rajesparam. "Applying the codependency concept to concerned significant others of problem gamblers: Words of caution." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 29 (October 1, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2014.29.11.
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Two competing models of understanding concerned significant others (CSOs) of people with addictions have emerged: codependency (CD) and stress-coping. In the context of CSOs of problem gamblers, some research has begun to examine the effectiveness of the stress-coping model, but no research to date has examined the utility of incorporating the CD concept into treatment planning. The purpose of this paper is to: critique the CD concept while highlighting possible differences between problem gambling and substance abuse (i.e., financial issues, the ability to hide the problem, cognitive distortions, and societal attitudes); identify important considerations when working with CSOs of problem gamblers; make recommendations for program managers regarding hiring and training practices; and recommend directions for research and in-depth program evaluations to assess what is actually occurring in existing practice.
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Salonen, Anne H., Hannu Alho, and Sari Castrén. "The extent and type of gambling harms for concerned significant others: A cross-sectional population study in Finland." Scandinavian Journal of Public Health 44, no. 8 (October 22, 2016): 799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1403494816673529.
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Aims: This study investigates the proportion of concerned significant others (CSOs) of problem gamblers at population level and describes the extent and type of gambling harms for CSOs. Methods: Cross-sectional random sample data ( n = 4515) were collected in 2015. The data were weighted based on age, gender and residence. CSOs were identified using a question including seven options. Gambling harms were inquired using structured questions. Descriptive statistics and Chi-Squared and Fischer’s exact tests were used. Results: Overall, the proportion of CSOs was 19.3%. Males had close friends with gambling problems more often than females, while females had family members with gambling problems more often than males. Of the CSOs, 59.5% had experienced one or more harms. Females experienced more harms than males. Typical harms were worry about health or well-being of close ones, emotional distress and problems in interpersonal relationships. CSOs with a problem gambler in the family, particularly a partner, child/children or mother, experienced harms more often than CSOs with a problem gambler as a close friend. Conclusions: Female gender was associated with a larger extent of harms. The extent of harms was greatest if the problem gambler was a family member; however, a substantial amount of harms were experienced when the problem gambler was a close friend. CSOs and their position in evaluating gambling harms in general should be acknowledged. Persons beyond the nuclear family and the harms they encounter should be better acknowledged in prevention and harm minimisation. Early identification and a clear referral path to tailored support in occupational, social and healthcare settings may be considered.
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Nayoski, Nicole, and David C. Hodgins. "The Efficacy of Individual Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) for Concerned Significant Others of Problem Gamblers." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 33 (August 1, 2016): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2016.33.11.
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Treatment options for concerned significant others (CSOs) of problem gamblers are limited, and available treatments focus exclusively on the distress of CSOs. Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT) is a comprehensive treatment program for CSOs of substance abusers that has been shown to reduce CSO distress in addition to the substance abuser's alcohol or drug behaviour. CRAFT capitalizes on the well-documented fact that family members have considerable influence on the substance abuser's decision to enter treatment. The present study modified the CRAFT approach into an individual treatment format for CSOs of problem gamblers and examined its efficacy in comparison to a CRAFT self-help workbook in a randomized clinical trial. A total of 31 participants were recruited. No statistical differences were found between the groups; however, effect sizes indicated that participants who received the CRAFT individual intervention seemed to have better outcomes than did those who received the CRAFT workbook (decreased days and dollars gambled by the gambler and improved CSO functioning). No differences between groups were found for gambler treatment entry rates over the follow-up period in terms of effect sizes. The results provide initial, but limited, support for the CRAFT approach delivered to CSOs of treatment-resistant problem gamblers in an individual treatment format compared with the self-help workbook format. Further research with larger sample sizes is needed to gauge the efficacy of the CRAFT individual intervention compared with the CRAFT self-help workbook.
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Tulloch, Catherine, Matthew Browne, Nerilee Hing, Matthew Rockloff, and Margo Hilbrecht. "Trajectories of wellbeing in people who live with gamblers experiencing a gambling problem: An 18-year longitudinal analysis of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 27, 2023): e0281099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281099.
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In cross-sectional gambling studies, friends, family, and others close to those experiencing gambling problems (concerned significant others ‘CSOs’) tend to report detriments to their quality of life. To date, however, there have been no large, population-based longitudinal studies examining the health and wellbeing of CSOs. We analyse longitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey to examine the 18-year trajectories of general, social, health and financial wellbeing of household CSOs (n = 477) and compare these to those without a gambling problem in the household (n = 13,661). CSOs reported significantly worse long-term wellbeing than non-CSOs in their satisfaction with life, number of life stressors, and social, health and financial wellbeing. However, both social and financial wellbeing showed a temporal effect, declining significantly for CSOs at times closer to the exposure to the gambling problem. This finding suggests a causal link between living in a household with a person with a gambling problem and decreased CSO social and financial wellbeing. Policy responses, such as additional social and financial support, could be considered to assist CSOs impacted by another person’s gambling problem.
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Thériault, Caroline, Joël Tremblay, and Francine Ferland. "Identifying Dimensions to Include in the Assessment of Concerned Significant Others of People With Problematic Internet Use: A Scoping Review." Canadian Journal of Addiction 14, no. 4 (December 2023): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cxa.0000000000000193.
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ABSTRACT Context Over the last 2 decades, problematic Internet use (PIU) has become a serious public health issue. Greater accessibility and daily use of the Internet have contributed to the emergence of this new social phenomenon. Scientific literature has exploded in the last few years, with studies focusing on its conceptualization, assessment, risk factors, comorbidities, and treatment. However, very few studies have taken into consideration the concerned significant others (CSOs) of people with PIU. Objective: This article aims to document the experiences of CSOs in order to target dimensions that should be included when evaluating the needs of this type of service user. Method: This scoping review identified 6 peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2019. Results: The results highlight the following dimensions to take into consideration when evaluating the needs of partners: screen time, communication, conflicts, intimacy, financial problems, distribution of chores and responsibilities, psychological and emotional impacts, partners’ view of their spouse, and coping strategies. None of the reviewed articles examined the experiences of parents of adolescents with PIU. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first scoping review that has been conducted on this topic. The results obtained emphasize the importance of conducting further research to better understand the issues faced by all types of CSOs of people with PIU and develop intervention programs tailored to their specific needs. Contexte: Au cours des deux dernières décennies, l’utilisation problématique d’Internet (UPI) est devenue un grave problème de santé publique. L’accessibilité accrue et l’utilisation quotidienne d’Internet ont contribué à l'émergence de ce nouveau phénomène social. La littérature scientifique a explosé ces dernières années avec des études portant sur la conceptualisation, l'évaluation, les facteurs de risque, les comorbidités et le traitement. Cependant, très peu d'études ont pris en considération les personnes significatives concernées (PSC) by "membres de l'entourage (ME) des personnes présentant une UPI. Objectif: Cet article vise à documenter les expériences des ME afin de cibler les dimensions qui devraient être incluses lors de l'évaluation des besoins de ce type d’utilisateurs de services. Méthode: Cette revue de la portée a permis d’identifier six articles évalués par des pairs et publiés entre 2000 et 2019. Résultats: Les résultats mettent en évidence les dimensions suivantes à prendre en considération lors de l'évaluation des besoins des partenaires de vie: temps d'écran, communication, conflits, intimité, problèmes financiers, répartition des tâches et des responsabilités, impacts psychologiques et émotionnels, vision des partenaires sur leur conjoint et stratégies d’adaptation. Aucun des articles examinés ne s’est penché sur les expériences des parents d’adolescents présentant une UPI. Conclusion: À notre connaissance, il s’agit de la première revue exploratoire réalisée sur ce sujet. Les résultats obtenus soulignent l’importance de poursuivre les recherches afin de mieux comprendre les problèmes rencontrés par tous les types de ME de personnes présentant une UPI et de développer des programmes d’intervention adaptés à leurs besoins spécifiques.
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EÉk, Niels, Karin Romberg, Ola Siljeholm, Magnus Johansson, Sven Andreasson, Tobias Lundgren, Claudia Fahlke, Stina Ingesson, Lisa Bäckman, and Anders Hammarberg. "Efficacy of an Internet-Based Community Reinforcement and Family Training Program to Increase Treatment Engagement for AUD and to Improve Psychiatric Health for CSOs: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Alcohol and Alcoholism 55, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 187–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agz095.
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Abstract Aims Community Reinforcement Approach and Family Training (CRAFT) is a support program for concerned significant others (CSOs) to identified persons (IPs) with alcohol use disorders, with the purpose of engaging IPs to treatment and to improve CSO functioning. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of an internet-based version of CRAFT (iCRAFT). Methods Randomized controlled trial comparing iCRAFT with a wait-list (WL) condition with a nation-wide uptake in Sweden. A total of 94 CSOs to a treatment refusing IP, who described the IP according to DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence or abuse, were included in the study. iCRAFT consisted of five weekly administered therapist-guided modules with the following content: (a) improve CSOs’ own mental health, (b) improve the CSOs skills in asking the IP to seek treatment, (c) positive communication skills training, (d) contingency management of IP drinking behavior. Main outcome measure was IPs initiative to seek treatment measured at 24 weeks. Secondary outcomes were IP’s daily alcohol consumption, CSOs mental health, quality of life and relational satisfaction. Results Of 94 participants, 15 CSOs reported IP treatment initiative during the study period. Of these, 10 belonged to the iCRAFT condition and five to the WL condition. The difference between conditions was nonsignificant, and the results were inconclusive. Participants in iCRAFT showed short-term improvements regarding depressive symptoms, quality of life and relational happiness. Conclusion This study was unable to demonstrate substantial changes in the iCRAFT program regarding IP treatment seeking or CSO mental health.
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DeBeer, Bryann B., Monica M. Matthieu, Julie A. Kittel, Linda C. Degutis, Stephanie Clafferty, Natalie Qualls, and Sandra B. Morissette. "Quality Improvement Evaluation of the Feasibility and Acceptability of Adding a Concerned Significant Other to Safety Planning for Suicide Prevention With Veterans." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 4–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.41.1.02.
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Suicide among veterans remains a serious public health issue, and poor social support is identified as a robust risk factor for suicide. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs uses a standard safety planning procedure for suicide prevention. While this intervention can help veterans identify social support sources, it does not directly incorporate a concerned significant other (CSO). Research suggests that veterans prefer a family member or friend to help shoulder the burden of a potential crisis. This qualitative feasibility project examined the role of CSOs in safety planning with veterans. Interviews were conducted with 29 veterans and four CSOs to investigate whether veterans wanted a CSO involved in their safety plan and to investigate associated logistical issues for implementation. Overwhelmingly, veterans (79.13%) reported that having a CSO directly involved in their safety plan would be helpful. Qualitative data are presented highlighting practical concerns for mental health providers developing safety plans with veterans.
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Hellum, Rikke, Randi Bilberg, and Anette Søgaard Nielsen. "“He is lovely and awful”: The challenges of being close to an individual with alcohol problems." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 39, no. 1 (October 13, 2021): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14550725211044861.
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Introduction: In the last 20 years, there has been growing evidence that heavy drinking causes serious harm not only to the person who drinks but also to the person's relations and concerned significant others (CSOs). A relationship with a heavy drinker is often full of conflicts, and CSOs are frequently exposed to aggression, psychological, and sometimes physical violence from the heavy drinker. Despite their struggles, CSOs often feel it is difficult to seek professional help for these problems. The aim of this study was to investigate what problems CSOs of people with alcohol problems experience prior to seeking professional help to handle these issues. Moreover, to investigate what led to seeking professional help at all. Methods: This is a qualitative study with 12 female help-seeking CSOs of persons with alcohol problems. The participants were recruited from a randomised controlled trial (RCT) on Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT). Semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, and transcribed. The analysis was based on interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: Three overall themes and one sub-theme emerged from the analysis: (1) The CSO’s feelings and experiences of the situation prior to help-seeking, (2) The relationship with the drinker, (3) Reasons for help-seeking and its trajectory; and the sub-theme, What the CSOs hoped to gain from help-seeking. Conclusion: The present study showed that female CSOs of people with alcohol problems had suffered for a long time before seeking professional help. They felt their daily lives were unpredictable and stressful. They were often exposed to verbal and mental abuse and their relationships with the drinking relative were often characterised by frequent rowing. The CSOs had tried to cope for a long time using a number of different strategies; seeking help seemed to be the last option considered. Despite all the struggles and pain, the CSOs also felt a lot of love for their drinking relative and hoped for the return of their once sober relative. Our findings can be viewed as a support to the stress-strain-coping-support (SSCS) model proposed by Orford and colleagues.
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Hellum, Rikke, Randi Bilberg, and Anette Søgaard Nielsen. "“He is lovely and awful”: The challenges of being close to an individual with alcohol problems." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 39, no. 1 (October 13, 2021): 89–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14550725211044861.
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Introduction: In the last 20 years, there has been growing evidence that heavy drinking causes serious harm not only to the person who drinks but also to the person's relations and concerned significant others (CSOs). A relationship with a heavy drinker is often full of conflicts, and CSOs are frequently exposed to aggression, psychological, and sometimes physical violence from the heavy drinker. Despite their struggles, CSOs often feel it is difficult to seek professional help for these problems. The aim of this study was to investigate what problems CSOs of people with alcohol problems experience prior to seeking professional help to handle these issues. Moreover, to investigate what led to seeking professional help at all. Methods: This is a qualitative study with 12 female help-seeking CSOs of persons with alcohol problems. The participants were recruited from a randomised controlled trial (RCT) on Community Reinforcement and Family Training (CRAFT). Semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio-recorded, and transcribed. The analysis was based on interpretative phenomenological analysis. Results: Three overall themes and one sub-theme emerged from the analysis: (1) The CSO’s feelings and experiences of the situation prior to help-seeking, (2) The relationship with the drinker, (3) Reasons for help-seeking and its trajectory; and the sub-theme, What the CSOs hoped to gain from help-seeking. Conclusion: The present study showed that female CSOs of people with alcohol problems had suffered for a long time before seeking professional help. They felt their daily lives were unpredictable and stressful. They were often exposed to verbal and mental abuse and their relationships with the drinking relative were often characterised by frequent rowing. The CSOs had tried to cope for a long time using a number of different strategies; seeking help seemed to be the last option considered. Despite all the struggles and pain, the CSOs also felt a lot of love for their drinking relative and hoped for the return of their once sober relative. Our findings can be viewed as a support to the stress-strain-coping-support (SSCS) model proposed by Orford and colleagues.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Concerned significant others (CSOs)"
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Makarchuk, Karyn. "Minimal treatment for concerned significant others of problem gamblers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ64967.pdf.
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Svensson, Jessika. "Gambling and gender : A public health perspective." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-19046.
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Prevalence studies around the world show that men are the largest group at risk of becoming problem gamblers and that men gamble more than women. However, gambling research has long been gender blind. The gambling market is rapidly changing, with the Internet making gambling more accessible. Further, despite the well-documented presence of health, social and financial problems among the concerned significant others (CSOs) of someone close with gambling problems in clinical and help-seeking samples, there is little research investigating on this population. This thesis aims to examine the relation between gender and problem gambling among regular gamblers and CSOs, and to determine whether there was a convergence of men’s and women’s gambling behavior between 1997/98 and 2009/10 in Sweden. A further aim is to examine health problems associated with Internet gambling and CSOs. The data collections were taken from three different but linked gambling and health representative national population based studies in Sweden, all using the same methods: telephone interviews supplemented by questionnaires. The studies are as follows: 1) prevalence study 1997/98, age 15-74 years, n = 10,000, response rate 72% (n = 7,139) 2) prevalence study 2008/09, age 16-84 years, n = 15,000, response rate 63% (n = 8,165); and 3) incident study 2009/10, the 8,165 participants from the 2008/09 prevalence study were contacted again, response rate 74% (n = 6,021). Gambling was generally merged into domains based on the axis chance-strategy and public-domestic. The dichotomy of public and private spheres is relevant in since there is a link between the public sphere and notions of masculinity and a link between the private and femininity. Further, the literature suggests that men are attracted to gambling that involves features of strategy, whereas women generally prefer game of chance. Problem gambling was measured using SOGS-R and PGSI. Health variables included measures such as self-reported health, psychological stress, social support, alcohol consumption, and financial situation as a determinant of health. There were very few indications of a convergence between men’s and women’s gambling behavior. Men and women generally gambled in different domains. Men gambled more than women and dominated all domains except the domain of chance-domestic, a domain associated with less risk and Internet gambling. However, men and women who gambled regularly were just as likely to be problem gamblers. No gender differences were found in the score from separate PGSI analyses in the chance-public domain (games of chance in public spaces, such as gambling machines and bingo in halls). This domain was also the only domain associated with problem gambling for women who gambled regularly. Men and women were just as likely to report that they were CSOs and they constituted a large proportion of the Swedish population (18%). CSOs experienced a range of social, economic and health related problems including psychological stress, risky alcohol consumption, exposure to violence, and separations. For women who were CSOs, no relation with own problem gambling was found. This thesis suggests that the presence of gambling machines must be addressed to prevent problem gambling and that separate analyses for men and women are required to identify important differences between genders. The findings indicate that gambling domains produce and reinforce gender. Further, to be able to prevent problem gambling we require further knowledge about these gendered processes. However, it is also important to see the overall similarities between men and women to avoid reinforcing stereotypical images of gender which would have an negative impact on the preventive work. Male and female gamblers are both very heterogeneous categories where the specific gambling site, context and life circumstances must be acknowledged. Prevention, research and interventions should also target CSOs if a public health approach is applied because they require help and support in their own right. CSOs also play an important to the problem gambler. More qualitative research is required to understand gendered processes in gambling, as well as further research on interventions that go beyond the individual and address gambling and problem gambling at various levels. When addressing the harmful effects of gambling from a public health perspective, it is imperative to recognize the ethical principles of justice, autonomy, doing no harm and beneficence.-
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Schultz, Peter Paulus. "The experiences, challenges and coping strategies of concerned significant others living with a partner with a substance use disorder : informing guidelines for social work intervention." Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/24962.
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The pandemic of alcohol and drug abuse continues to ravage families, communities and societies placing many households, even communities, under siege. For persons living in an addictive home it is like living in a whirlwind where a family member’s substance use disorder (SUD) turns homes into sporadic unpredictable and out-of-control environments. The partner or concerned significant other (CSO) of the partner with the SUD becomes so engrossed in the latter, that they sacrifice their own time, needs, energies and resources to manage the whirlwind, even adopting maladaptive coping skills to survive.
When partners with SUDs begin treatment, its modalities primarily focus on treating the partner with the SUD. The non-abusing CSO-partner is mostly conceptualised as an adjunct treatment collaborator for partners with a SUD and therefore instrumental to a successful treatment outcome. The CSO-partner’s own needs for professional treatment go unattended while they themselves seldom receive specialised treatment to heal and recover from the many and varied scars caused by the whirlwind of a partner’s SUD. They are thus deprived of a service to which they are entitled in their own right. This explains a lacuna in home-grown treatment which falls within the ambit of social work for a CSO-partner.
Utilising a qualitative research approach, and the collective instrumental case study and phenomenological research designs complemented by an explorative, descriptive and contextual strategy of inquiry, I explored the experiences, challenges and coping strategies of CSOs living with a partner with a SUD with the view of informing guidelines for social work intervention from 12 CSO-partners and their partners with a SUD. These guidelines were informed by their suggestions for social work support.
To live with a partner with a SUD was for all the CSO-participants an overall negative and stressful experience in which they felt isolated and trapped. Feelings of anger and frustration; sadness; embarrassment; shame, humiliation; despair, and hopelessness were experienced causing some of them to emotionally disengage from their partners. Their partners’ SUD-related behaviour had a negative effect on them; their relationships and the relationships with their children. The partner’s argumentative attitudes; intimate
partner violence; lack of responsibility; erratic, reckless behaviour, manipulation and threatening relapse were highlighted as some of the challenges experienced. A mix of coping strategies that can be categorised as both adaptive and maladaptive, or enabling behaviours, were employed to mitigate and manage the challenges experienced. The CSO-participants also employed external sources of motivation to convince or force their partners to enter treatment.
Admitting to the fact that their SUD’s had affected the CSO-partners negatively, both the partners with the SUDs and their CSO-partners offered suggestions for social work support for the CSOs of partners with a SUD. Topics to be covered during social work interventions to support to CSOs included providing information about drugs and its effects; setting of boundaries and personal safety; rebuilding self-esteem; anger-management; relapse management; and parenting and marriage counselling. Ways in which to provide such social work intervention and support suggested was through couple counselling; family counselling and support groups, and a tailor-made programme catering specifically for the CSO-partners.
Based on the research findings, guidelines were formulated as recommendations for social work intervention directed at social work practice. Additional recommendations for education and training; continuous professional development, and ideas for future research were also suggested.Social Work
D. Phil. (Social Work)
Books on the topic "Concerned significant others (CSOs)"
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Szmukler, George. The conventional grounds for involuntary treatment are highly problematic. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198801047.003.0003.
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Substantial problems attach to both of the fundamental criteria that need to be met for involuntary treatment in conventional mental health legislation—the presence of a ‘mental disorder’ and a risk of harm to self or others. The boundaries of ‘mental disorder’ are of necessity loosely drawn, with substantial blurring at the edges and contested views about where these should lie. ‘Values’—for example, when does ‘sadness’ become a ‘depressive illness’—play a significant role in determining when a diagnosis of a ‘disorder’ is warranted. Precision in the assessment of ‘risk’ is poor, especially for those infrequent or rare harms that we are most concerned to prevent. In general psychiatric practice, the prediction of suicide or serious acts of violence to others is of severely limited value. Even with ‘state-of-the-art’ risk assessment measures, ‘false positives’ overwhelm ‘true positives’. Significant costs attach to an emphasis on risk assessment.
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Daley, Dennis C., and Antoine Douaihy. A Family Guide to Coping with Substance Use Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190926632.001.0001.
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This guide was written for family members, significant others, and people concerned about their relatives or friends who have an alcohol or drug problem, which in this book is referred to as substance misuse or substance use disorder (SUD). Substance problems can take many shapes and forms and differ in their severity and impact. This family guide will discuss these problems and how to help the affected person and other family members (including children) who may have been harmed by a loved one’s substance problem. This guide can also help individuals with a substance use problem understand the impact of their SUDs on the family as well as what their family members can do to help themselves. Addressing family issues and making amends are key issues for people in recovery from SUDs.
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Miller, Paul B., and John Oberdiek, eds. Civil Wrongs and Justice in Private Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865269.001.0001.
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Civil wrongs occupy a significant place in private law. They are particularly prominent in tort law, but equally have a place in contract law, property and intellectual property law, unjust enrichment, fiduciary law, and in equity more broadly. For example, some tort theorists maintain that tort law is best understood as a (or perhaps the) law of civil wrongs, and some contract law theorists maintain that breach of contract is a civil wrong. Civil wrongs are also a preoccupation of leading general theories of private law, including corrective justice and civil recourse theories. According to these and other theories, the centrality of civil wrongs to civil liability shows that private law is fundamentally concerned with the expression and enforcement of norms of justice appropriate to interpersonal interaction and association. Others, sounding notes of caution or criticism, argue that a preoccupation with wrongs and remedies has meant neglect of other ways in which private law serves justice, and ways in which private law serves values other than justice. This book explores the nature of civil wrongs, their place in private law, and their relationship to other forms of wrongdoing. It should be of broad interest to lawyers and legal theorists as well as moral and political theorists.
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Daley, Dennis C., and Antoine B. Douaihy. Managing Substance Use Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190926717.001.0001.
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This practitioner guide reviews screening, assessment, and treatment of substance use disorders (SUDs). It is designed to accompany Managing Your Substance Use Disorder: Client Workbook and A Family Guide to Coping with Substance Use Disorders. The latter guide was added because each person with a SUD affects the family and concerned significant others. The information and strategies that the authors present can be used with clients who have any type of SUD. The guide focuses on strategies to reduce or stop substance use and change behaviors that challenge recovery. The information presented is derived from research, clinical, and recovery literature and from the authors’ extensive experience developing and managing a large continuum of clinical services, providing direct care, conducting quality improvement initiatives, participating in clinical trials, and teaching all disciplines in a large medical center and the community. This guide discusses professional approaches and attitudes toward individuals with SUDs, assessment, diagnostic formulation, psychosocial and pharmacotherapeutic treatments, and mutual support programs. It provides an overview of the recovery and relapse processes and practical strategies to address issues associated with SUDs. This guide is for practitioners from any discipline who encounter individuals with SUDs in addiction, mental health, psychiatric, private practice, or other settings such as social services and the criminal justice system. Even medical practitioners who do not specialize in addiction treatment can benefit from the information in this guide because individuals with SUDs are found in all types of healthcare settings.
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Cook, Christopher C. H. Hearing Spiritual Voices. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9780567708014.
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This open access book explores unusual perceptual, or perception-like, experiences. These are often meaningful to those who have them and may be sympathetically or unsympathetically interpreted by others. One interpretation, especially when voices are associated with unusual behaviour, is that they are evidence of mental disorder. Ostensibly such interpretations are sympathetic (showing concern for someone who is ill) but in practice they are used to deny the meaning and value of the experiences for those concerned, thus depriving them (and others) of creative and innovative ways of understanding the human condition. The question is thus one of the meaning. Are such experiences meaningful only as indicators of a diagnosis, or are they meaningful in other ways, shedding light on human self-understanding and perhaps even a wider spiritual reality? Psychiatry has tended to see such phenomena as diagnostically meaningful but not as sources of deeper insight into the human condition. This book takes three 14th century examples of women who heard spiritually significant voices: Margery Kempe, Julian of Norwich, and Joan of Arc. Each of these women, in different ways, has left an enduring legacy in literature and history. Modern psychiatric commentary on the voices that they reported has generally focussed on diagnosis rather than on wider questions of meaning. These commentaries will be used as a lens through which to consider how contemporary psychiatric practice might be enriched by the humanities and enabled to find a more spiritually empathetic, if not also sympathetic, enriching and meaning enhancing perspective on unusual mental phenomena. The eBook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded byThe Wellcome Trust.
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Shefer, Tamara, Kopano Ratele, Anna Strebel, Nokuthula Shabalala, and Rosemarie Buikema. From Boys to Men: Social constructions of masculinity in contemporary society. UCT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/1-9204-9986-0.
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The current emphasis in research and education on women and girls is fraught with problems. It has raised a concern that boys and men should be included in research and intervention work on gender equality and transformation. As a result, academics with a background of many years of work in women’s and gender studies undertook a research project focusing on the construction of masculinities among young men. From Boys to Men was born out of this project. This highly original work arises from the conference ‘From Boys to Men’, held in January 2005. It represents the work of some of the best-known theorists and researchers in masculinities and feminism in South Africa, on the continent and internationally. The subjects covered are based on rich ethnographic studies, mostly in South Africa, but also elsewhere in Africa. Acknowledging that there are multiple versions of masculinity and that some are more valued than others, this book is concerned with documenting both hegemonic discourses on masculinity, as well as resistances and challenges to dominant forms of being a boy or man in different contexts of space and time. From Boys to Men provides valuable material for those working with issues of gender, identity and power, and will sharpen understanding of males, inform community-based interventions and facilitate theory-building. ‘This impressive collection of research on men, boys and masculinities would have been impossible just a generation ago. It took the worldwide impact of the women’s liberation movement, and the many feminisms that have since developed, to bring gender into focus … and to bring men into focus as participants in a gender system.’ Raewyn Connell, Professor at the University of Sydney & author of Masculinities, 1995 ‘Given the extant paucity of research and literature on masculinities, this book will undoubtedly prove to be an invaluable resource for scholars in the field of gender studies. The editors of the volume should be commended for this timely, well-constructed and significant contribution to the literature on masculinities studies, both in South Africa and internationally.’ Norman Duncan, Chair of Psychology, University of the Witwatersrand ‘Setting this collection apart from existing scholarship on masculinities in South Africa is its interrogation of the gendered rhetoric of boyhood and manhood in the context of HIV/Aids. This is a multilayered and rich collection that suggests masculinities have the potential to be unmade and remade. The volume usefully opens up new avenues of analysis, telling us that masculinities are always in process, under negotiation, contradictory, for ever in crisis.’
Book chapters on the topic "Concerned significant others (CSOs)"
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Chirambaguwa, Washington. "‘He Bets When He Wants To!’ The Effects of Football Gambling in Chinhoyi through the Eyes of Concerned Significant Others." In Football, Gambling, and Everyday Life in Zimbabwe, 55–75. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003441458-5.
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Gaweł, Aleksandra, Katarzyna Mroczek-Dąbrowska, and Maciej Pietrzykowski. "Digitalization and Its Impact on the Internationalization Models of SMEs." In FGF Studies in Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 19–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-11371-0_2.
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AbstractIn the European Union, SMEs represent as much as 99% of businesses, but only 3 out of 10 companies have some international involvement. EU policy makers perceive SMEs internationalization as a desired path for global growth; thus, they have put forward certain tools which aim to boost the pace and scope of internationalization, i.e., by creating and facilitating access to support activities, sharing information, promoting cluster and networking initiatives, making support schemes consistent throughout the EU, etc. (Della Corte, Handbook of research on startegic Management in Small and Medium Enterprises. IGI Global, 2014). However, a vital point in creating a successful internationalization framework requires understanding that SMEs internationalization models may and do differ from those of multinational enterprises (MNEs). SMEs have a different structure, and they act differently, since their aims vary from those of MNEs (Knight and Liesch, Journal of World Business 51(1): 93–102, 2016; Buckley, Journal of World Business, 51(1): 74–82, 2016).Former studies of European SMEs indicate that there are specific traits of company characteristics that determine their internationalization process. Amongst the distinguished factors, size, activities performed, age, and experience counted as the most significant determinants of the expansion. However, these findings refer to occurrences dating back at least 5 years. In the era of rapid digitalization and—still—ongoing globalization, the impact of these factors might have diminished, making place for others. Therefore, the rising importance of digitalization calls for the need to identify new barriers and opportunities for SMEs to become international.The aim of this chapter is to see whether and how digitalization has influenced the internationalization models of Polish SMEs. We do not provide quantitative analysis that would allow us to statistically verify hypotheses on that matter; however, given the recent developments of the business world and internationalization trends, we assume that digitalization has had an impact on how companies expand abroad nowadays. The study has a screening aim and should allow us to determine whether, in the case of the Polish context, the matter requires further pursuit. The remainder of this chapter is structured as follows: first, we discuss the internationalization models which commonly referred to the international expansion of SMEs. Secondly, we discuss how digitalization can influence the process and its determinants. Finally, we present our research results based on quasi-focus group discussion with Polish SMEs. The study concerned the impact the digitalization has on the internationalization experience of those companies.
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Atzeni, Gianfranco, Luca G. Deidda, Marco Delogu, and Dimitri Paolini. "Drop-Out Decisions in a Cohort of Italian Universities." In Teaching, Research and Academic Careers, 71–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07438-7_4.
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AbstractIn this chapter, we study the determinants of student drop-out decisions using data on a cohort of over 230,000 students enrolled in the Italian university system. The empirical analysis reveals that the probability of dropping out of university negatively correlates with high school grades and student age, controlling for the course of study and university fixed effects. The benchmark estimation suggests a negative correlation between high school final grade and drop-out probability. We also find that enrolling late at the university increases the likelihood of dropping out. In line with the literature, our results suggest that women have a lower propensity to drop out. Our dataset allows differentiating between students who leave their homes to enroll at university (off-site students) and on-site students. We find that off-site students drop out significantly less than those who study in their hometowns. We provide significant evidence that off-site students are a self-selected sample of the total population. Accordingly, we use an instrumental variable (IV) approach to identify the causal relationship. The IV estimation shows that studying off-site negatively affects drop-out decisions and more so for students growing up in the south of Italy who typically study off-site in the Center-North of Italy. Taking advantage of a more detailed dataset concerning students enrolled at the Università di Sassari, we show that the choice of the degree is also important to predict the magnitude of drop-out. Specifically, we resort to a bivariate probit specification to account for self-selection into the course of study, finding that the estimates of the determinants of drop-out and the predicted probabilities are heavily affected. Accounting for self-selection, we show that an unconditional comparison among degrees is misleading, as some degrees attract more heterogeneous students than others, as far as skills and motivation are concerned. For instance, regarding the effect of gender, we show that while the estimation without selection suggests that women drop out less, once we account for selection, the contribution of women to drop-out becomes either positive or negative, depending on which course of study they choose. In line with these results, policymakers should tailor drop-out reducing policy interventions to the specificities of each course of study.
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Tadros, Victor. "Personal and Interpersonal Sources of Doing and Allowing." In To Do, To Die, To Reason Why, 87–107. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198831549.003.0005.
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This chapter is concerned with the distinction between doing harm and allowing harm. It considers two different kinds of rationale for that distinction. The first is concerned with the constraints on the use of a person’s personal resources. The other has to do with the significance of involving others in our plans. These two different rationales explain why certain acts either count as allowings or are permitted in just the same way as allowings. They also explain why doing and allowing is significant both in cases where the agent’s interests are at stake and cases where they are not.
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Panaccio, Claude. "What is Logic About?" In Mental Language, translated by Joshua P. Hochschild and Meredith K. Ziebart. Fordham University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823272600.003.0009.
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Another lively debate of the late thirteenth and early fourteenth century that played a significant role in the development of the theory of mental language was the discussion over the object of logic as a science, and whether it is primarily concerned with thought or language. It was held by various philosophers that the structure of mental language is what logic deals with. But they did not all agree on what mental language was: some said (as Ockham would) that it is composed of concepts, others (such as Walter Burley) that it is composed of real external things, and others again (such as Richard Campsall) that it is composed of the mental representations of external words. This chapter reviews these various positions and the arguments which supported them.
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Earl, Richard. "5. Flavours of topology." In Topology: A Very Short Introduction, 90–114. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198832683.003.0005.
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From the mid-19th century, topological understanding progressed on various fronts. ‘Flavours of topology’ considers other areas such as differential topology, algebraic topology, and combinatorial topology. Geometric topology concerned surfaces and grew out of the work of Euler, Möbius, Riemann, and others. General topology was more analytical and foundational in nature; Hausdorff was its most significant progenitor and its growth mirrored other fundamental work being done in set theory. The chapter introduces the hairy ball theorem, and the work of great French mathematician and physicist Henri Poincaré, which has been rigorously advanced over the last century, making algebraic topology a major theme of modern mathematics.
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Taylor, C. C. W. "3. Plato’s Socrates." In Socrates: A Very Short Introduction, 43–75. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780198835981.003.0003.
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‘Plato’s Socrates’ considers the portrayal of Socrates’ doctrines and methods of argument in twelve dialogues plus Apology. It shows that Socrates is predominantly characterized, not as a teacher, but as an enquirer. He disclaims wisdom and seeks, normally in vain, elucidation of problematic questions from his interlocutors, by the method of elenchus. All the dialogues are concerned with ethics in the broad sense of how one should live. Many focus on the attempt to define a virtue or other ethically significant concept. The discussion invariably ends in failure. Others take the form of a confrontation between Socrates and various sophists and/or their pupils and associates over the aims of education.
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Dorr, Lisa Lindquist. "Cocktail Time." In A Thousand Thirsty Beaches, 201–34. University of North Carolina Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469643274.003.0007.
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Despite Prohibition, over the course of the 1920s, increasing numbers of Americans, and southerners among them, saw drinking liquor as a modern and pleasurable pastime. Court records indicate significant arrests for drunkenness and court officials reported considerable disdain for Prohibition laws among the public. Many officials were particularly concerned about drinking among the nation's youth. On college campuses in the South, drinking became an expected aspect of socializing as men and women increasingly saw liquor as part of an evening's entertainment. Others travelled to locations like Miami and Havana, where liquor was widely available. Over the course of the decade, drinking became an accepted part of social life, severing the link between temperance and respectability.
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Goldfield, Eugene C. "The Expressive Action System." In Emergent Forms, 289–306. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195095029.003.0012.
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Abstract The study of expressive acts has a long history deeply embedded in biological theories concerned with affect and the emotions, such as evolution and psychoanalysis (Izard, 1977). These views tend to treat expressive acts as an innately endowed means for communicating affective states. For example, in the first epigraph above, Charles Darwin wasted little time in observing his newborn son in order to seek evidence for a theory of the natural origins of emotions. Darwin believed that emotional expressions were widespread in the animal kingdom and innate in humans because they served the communicative function of specifying internal states to others, which has significant adaptive value (Zajonc, 1985; Zajonc, Murphy, & Inglehart, 1989). More recently, a distinction has been made between the social-regulatory and communicative functions of expression (Charlesworth, 1982). People smile for different reasons-when they are happy or pleased or when they wish to express their pleasure to others. The study of the communicative function, e.g., what the smile signifies to others, is typically the domain of psychologists. By contrast, observing and describing the social conditions under which smiling occurs and the immediate effect on the observer is of greater interest to ethologists (Charlesworth, 1982).
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Daley, Dennis C., and Antoine Douaihy. "Assessment of Co-occurring Psychiatric Disorders." In Managing Substance Use Disorder, edited by Dennis C. Daley and Antoine Douaihy, 143–60. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med-psych/9780190926717.003.0016.
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Co-occurring disorders (CODs) refers to the occurrence of both a substance use disorder (SUD) and a psychiatric disorder, such as mood disorder, anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, eating disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and borderline personality disorder. This chapter reviews the prevalence, patterns, and effects of CODs. Next, the relationships between psychiatric disorders and SUDs, challenges for practitioners, and types and causes of psychiatric disorders are discussed. The chapter continues with the process of conducting a comprehensive and thorough assessment using the format of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The authors also discuss the importance of conveying assessment findings to the client and/or family and concerned significant others, as well as getting the client to accept help.
Conference papers on the topic "Concerned significant others (CSOs)"
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Fesanghari, R., H. Basirat Tabrizi, and F. Hamdullahpur. "Effect of Particulate Diffusion on the Free Turbulent Flow Based on Two-Fluid." In ASME 2005 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2005-77011.
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This paper is concerned with the two-dimensional gas-solid turbulent plane-mixing layer. The solid phase is considered a continuum and a two-fluid model, which is coupled by source terms due to particle drag and diffusion. Finite volume scheme has been employed for the governing equations. The simulation results show that the ratio of particle diffusion coefficient and kinematics viscosity of the carrier gas, have significant influence on the prediction of particles trend. In addition, it is observed that the loading ratio has no significant effect on the gas-solid flow prediction. The results are compared with the existed experimental data’s of others. This kind of modeling will ease the time consuming, stochastic approach of the Eulearian-Lagrangian methods but needs further investigation on the particle diffusivity term.
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Mohammed, Noureldien Darhim. "Which Technology is Right for Your Field? – Quantifying Technology Significance." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211127-ms.
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Abstract Exploration and Production Professionals are always concerned with setting and optimizing field development plans (FDP). Setting field development plan is not an easy task; it usually requires full knowledge and integration between almost all technical disciplines to build a robust plan with optimum alternatives. Technology is a key, and it has a significant impact of reservoir development. Its impact was proved and identified in previous researches already but has never been quantified before. In this paper, a new methodology to quantify significance of technology is introduced using artificial neural network. Significance of applied technology is well-proved on field development. Using reservoir-related technology (e.g. 4D seismic, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), Conformance techniques… etc.) or well-related technology (e.g. smart wells, stimulations, artificial lifting… etc.) are believed to have significant impact on recovered hydrocarbon volumes and consequently the overall field development. However these factors cannot be evaluated directly for their impact on field development – there is a pattern but not recognized yet and that's why significance of technology on field development is not quantified till now. In this research, more than 300 fields’ data have been used from many regions (US, Europe, Middle East and Africa) to give wide applicability of the model. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been used to recognize the pattern relating different "technology" to "field development". After the research, many key observations have been concluded; there were many fields’ types that were found very sensitive for specific technology more than others, other fields were found to have preferable technologies than others (i.e. well stimulation was more beneficial than other well technologies, in certain cases), and eventually statistical reviews, comparisons and conclusions for technologies had been deployed and its significance on field development for different regions. This research introduces a new concept of quantifying technology and its impact on field development using a new application of ANN in petroleum industry. This paper is not only giving technical recommendations based on significance of each technology but also giving strategic insights for decision makers. E&P companies that are concerned with benchmarking technology should learn more about such approach, and follow guidelines provided so they can select the right technology for the right field.
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Zemba, Stephen G., Michael R. Ames, and Laura C. Green. "Modeling and Measuring Impacts From Ash Landfilling: Using Data to Inform Regulatory Policy." In 19th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec19-5454.
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Most ash generated by waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities in the U.S. is landfilled. Studies undertaken in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s indicated no significant environmental concerns associated with ash landfilling. However, in 2001, policy-makers at the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection (MA DEP) became concerned that the “cumulative” impacts of landfills, including ash landfills, might pose a risk to human health. To address this concern, we performed an in-depth assessment of impacts to air quality, and theoretical risks to health, from fugitive emissions associated with an ash landfill. Nine sources of fugitive ash emissions were modeled using methods that coupled detailed information about the site operations, ash properties, and meteorological conditions on an hour-by-hour basis. The results of these assessments, combined with ambient air data collected by others, demonstrated that the impacts from fugitive emissions of the ash were no more than negligible. Accordingly, in 2006, MA DEP revised its policy, exempting ash disposal landfills from the requirement to demonstrate no significant impact, effectively granting presumptive certainty to ash landfills that employ best management practices. Detailed analyses such as described herein, combined with robust data sets, can form the basis of more efficient regulatory policies.
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Cosper, Christopher L. "Two Houses: Case Studies in Hubris and Stewardship." In 108th Annual Meeting Proceedings. ACSA Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.108.121.
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In 2015 and 2016, two very different houses were torn down: Ray Bradbury’s house in the Cheviot Hills neighborhood of Los Angeles, and the Bavinger House, designed by Bruce Goff, outside Norman, Oklahoma. At first examination, these two houses had little in common: Ray Bradbury’s house dated from 1937 and was conventional for L.A. houses of its time, notable only for its bright yellow color—and its resident, a 20th century literary master. Meanwhile, the Bavinger House, built between 1951 and 1955, was known for its singular quality, arguably the masterpiece of a master architect. Despite the differences in the houses, the stories of their demolition have many overlapping qualities. Specifically, the destruction of these houses was the result of a lack of stewardship and an excess of hubris. In the case of the Bradbury House, the house was ultimately judged on its architectural merits alone, isolated from its notability as the residence of an important author and screenwriter. The final owners of the Bradbury House—who purchased the house with the explicit intent of demolishing it—showed utter contempt for the home’s cultural significance. In the case of the Bavinger House, the owner—who inherited the property—showed no regard for or understanding of the house’s architectural value. In both cases, significant heritage was lost because people acted as property owners, not cultural stewards. In neither case was the idea of an obligation to others paramount or, arguably, even present. Notably, the stories of the demolitions played out in the media, but perhaps more dramatically on social media, where premature obituaries of the Bavinger House may have helped seal its fate. In both cases, concerned citizens used social media to voice their desire that the houses be preserved, but in both cases, those citizens were ignored. More than just an interesting tale of two demolished houses, the stories of the Bradbury House and the Bavinger House provide case studies to explore aspects of collective memory, conservation, and stewardship.
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Weng, Yu, Lang Liu, Yang Jiang, Hongfang Gu, and Haijun Wang. "Dynamic Seismic Response Analysis of Nuclear Storage Tank Based on Fluid-Structure Coupling Method." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66835.
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The storage tanks in nuclear facilities has a significant impact on the safety of the reactor and the radiation shielding, so its mechanical property analysis has been widely concerned in the field of engineering and scientific research. Meanwhile, the storage tank is usually filled with gas and liquid medium. In the presence of external disturbances (such as external force, displacement, earthquake etc.), the position and structure of the vessel changes, that lead to changing of the gas-liquid interface. This characteristic can make the storage tank system as a tightly fluid-structure coupling system. In this paper, a storage tank which stored radioactive gas liquid medium is choosing to study such fluid-structure coupling system phenomenon, and a typical dynamic seismic condition is assumed. A two-way fluid-structure coupling method is used with CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) and FEM (Finite Element Method) numerical method. The study considered interaction between structure and two phase turbulent fluid. In FEM calculation, the time history seismic acceleration load is applied to the support of tank, and the flow loading coming from fluid medium is applied to the wall of tank which is send from CFD code. Then, the structure displacement which is calculate by FEM is transferred to CFD code. In CFD calculation, multiphase fluid numerical model is applied to simulate the flow characteristics of gas-water two phase fluid, and the turbulent properties are also considered in the calculation. Mesh deformation method is used to simulate the displacement of flow passage boundary which is send by FEM code. After CFD calculation, flow loading is transferred to the tank wall of FEM code again. Such loop of FEM and CFD calculation continues to go on with the seismic time history, the response characteristics of the tank will be solved. In order to evaluate the difference between the above method and the traditional analysis method. An independent calculation used added mass approach is carrying out, in which the effect of steady state water is applied to the wall of the vessel, and this load will not change with the earthquake. All others load and constraint mode are same with the above method. According to the two-way fluid-structure coupling analysis, the detailed characteristics of liquid free surface distribution and structural response of the vessel are obtained. The results show that the response vibration amplitude of the tank structure increases with the earthquake, and the response is mainly affected by the liquid sloshing. According to comparative analysis, the advantages of coupling method are proved. The method from this study can be used for the same type of analysis.
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Papic, Neda, Mirjana Misita, Vesna Spasojevic Brkic, Martina Perišić, and Nemanja Janev. "Dumper Operator’s Workplace Risks: Preliminary Study." In 15th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2024). AHFE International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005352.
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The dumper vehicle is essential for carrying out material handling activities and they are the primary cause of fatal accidents at both construction and mining sites. According to earlier studies, the vast majority of these incidents are caused by the operator’s behaviour. On other side, it is evident that dumper operators are often taking awkward postures and most of them are subjected to high and medium levels of musculoskeletal disorders.Due that fact, the aim of this paper is directed towards preventing accidents and/or incidents in dumper’s operations that originate from the operator’s error and which could be mitigated by the ergonomic adjustment. Specifically, the purpose of this study is to utilize artificial neural networks in order predict the probability of incidents and accidents on the basis of dumper operators’ workplace ergonomic intervention.In this research 40 dumper’s operators participated. Survey started with the 39-item checklist, which is based on prior research and there has been noticed that questions with lowest percent of positive answers are questions related to seat and armrests, so factors such as the seat height adequacy, the seat height adjustability, the seat be horizontal adjustment, the seat back support, the seat lumbar support, armrests availability, armrests height, armrests adjustability, vibrations through the seat, vibrations from the equipment through the floor, vibrations from the equipment through the control devices, the seat attachment to the sub cabin, and possibility to recline and rotate the seat are considered as primary factors in the investigation of the ergonomic adjustment of the dumper operators’ workplace. Poor working conditions originating from organizational factors are also recognized as one of the important focuses of this research. The obtained data were statistically analysed. Surveyed dumper operators came from various age groups and with varied work experience periods in the current study. The research revealed that the average age and height of dumper operator is 36.33 years and 178.35 centimetres, respectively. Moreover, despite the fact that their average weight is 90.33 kg, these body measurements, unlike the others which followed a Gaussian distribution, regardless of the average value indicate that a substantial proportion of operators are overweight and weigh more than 110 kg. In addition, the vast majority of operators in this survey had less than ten years of experience. Regarding the machines, the age of examined dumpers was less than ten years.In order to reduce the likelihood of accidents/incidents and injuries at work resulting from poor seat design, this study uses questions that covers the most significant factors affecting the quality of the working conditions related to the seat and armrests in dumper’s cabin. Furthermore, neural network was trained to predict the likelihood of injuries based on 14 different responses related to the seat and armrest, as indicated by the research's finding that the questions to which respondents provided the worst responses concerned the cabin's seat and armrest. The training dataset consisted of 80% of the obtained data, while 10% was allocated for validation and the remaining 10% was reserved for testing purposes. Used network has one hidden layer with 12 neurons. The neural network underwent training for a total of 16 epochs. The correct classification of 92.5 percent of the data demonstrates a high degree of accuracy in predicting potential accidents/incidents on sites where dumpers operate.Conclusions from the study indicate the need for additional research into an ergonomically optimized workspace for dumper operators in terms of the possibility of resolving identified issues through the further anthropometric surveys and possible application of modern information technologies, such as the installation of sensors, monitoring, and similar solutions.The sample size is a limitation of this study, and additional data collection is ongoing. The proposal for additional research is to collect additional data to increase the reliability of the analysis, and possibly investigate other types of mining machines to determine if similar problems occur with them.
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Amadi, Kelechi K. "Performance Overview and Current Status of Heavy-Oil Polymer Floods in Saskatchewan Canada: Opportunities." In SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference. SPE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/218211-ms.
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Abstract As the global upstream petroleum industry mulls over the ramifications of social license as it relates to the energy transition, there are concerns on future oil supply; at least, in the short- and medium-term. The province of Saskatchewan, in Canada, is noted for fostering innovation and testing of technologies for optimizing oil recovery; thus, can play a key role in meeting future petroleum demands. In the Plan for Growth released by the Government of Saskatchewan in 2019, three of the 30 provincial goals are streamlined to support the upstream oil and gas industry; including, but not limited to, increasing oil production by 25 percent to 600, 000 barrels of oil per day, enhance oil recovery, and position Saskatchewan as the best place in North America to test, commercialize and scale new oil and gas technologies. Due to significant remaining oil-in-place (OIP) in thin-pay heavy-oil pools and miscellaneous pools in Saskatchewan that are not amenable to thermal enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes such as steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD), ease of modification of existing waterfloods and, given the high costs associated with replenishing dwindling petroleum reserves through new exploration efforts, polymer flooding presents an opportunity for reserves production in marginally-producing mature thin-pay heavy-oil plays. Heavy oil in Saskatchewan is produced from the Lower-Cretaceous Mannville and Devonian-Mississippian formations of the Lloydminster and Kindersley Districts. As of year-end 2022, estimated heavy oil in place is about 6 billion cubic meters (6 × 109 m3). Primary recovery factors are generally less than 10 percent (%) of oil originally-in-place (OOIP), leaving more than 90 % of OIP available for secondary recovery or EOR. Secondary recovery, mainly waterfloods, have been widely implemented in some of these reservoirs to increase recovery but with incidental high watercut(s). Most of the heavy-oil reserve is exploited using thermal EOR methods, particularly cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) and SAGD. But thermal methods are not always applicable in thin-pay reservoirs. So, polymer flooding has been applied with the aim of increasing oil recovery while reducing watercut in waterflood pools where adverse mobility ratios result in poor waterflood performance or in thin-pay reservoirs wherein heat loss will make thermal recovery uneconomic. A summary of the performance of all heavy-oil polymer flood projects (16 in total) in Saskatchewan is presented. Information on all commercial-scale polymer flood projects (including pilot projects) in Saskatchewan was retrieved from publicly available applications, reports and other non-confidential data submitted to Saskatchewan’s Ministry of Energy and Resources (ER). To analyze their individual performance, plots of instantaneous- and cumulative- produced water/oil ratio (WOR) versus cumulative oil produced (Np) are generated based on reported field injection and production data. The inventory was compiled into a Microsoft® Excel® spreadsheet and organized by pertinent characteristics such as geology, pool, formation, reservoir rock and fluid properties, injection (water and and/or polymer) start date(s), estimated OIP prior to commencement of the polymer flood, cumulative oil production, total recovery factor (RF) prior to- and following- implementation of the polymer flood project. The target formations (and lithology for each pool were included because of the importance of geology on oil recovery, and to help in future screening of applicable candidate pools for polymer flooding. Performance metrics such as WOR, incremental fluid production and RF can serve as useful guides in planning similar future projects in analogous reservoirs, benchmarking simulation studies, and in the selection of surface facilities and fluid handling equipment. Reservoir engineering and operational factors leading to observed trends are highlighted. Opportunities to extend the useful economic life of mature oilfields, marginally producing pools and suspended assets that may otherwise become liabilities are highlighted. Remaining oil-in-place in selected stratigraphic units is highlighted with a focus on future potential in terms of opportunities for reservoir re-characterization, conformance control and integration of hybrid recovery technologies for improved project economics. Expansion of polymer flooding to suitable analog reservoirs can contribute to reserves addition and provide shared economic benefits for both industry and the public.
Reports on the topic "Concerned significant others (CSOs)"
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Szałańska, Justyna, Justyna Gać, Ewa Jastrzębska, Paweł Kubicki, Paulina Legutko-Kobus, Marta Pachocka, Joanna Zuzanna Popławska, and Dominik Wach. Country report: Poland. Welcoming spaces in relation to social wellbeing, economic viability and political stability in shrinking regions. Welcoming Spaces Consortium, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/welcoming_spaces_2022.
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This report aims to present findings of the research conducted in Poland within the Work Package 1 of the Welcoming Spaces project, namely “Welcoming spaces” in relation to economic viability, social wellbeing and political stability in shrinking regions. The main aim of the mentioned research was to examine how welcoming initiatives are organised and implemented in the selected shrinking localities in Poland. In particular, the creation of welcoming initiatives concerning social wellbeing, economic viability and political stability was assessed. To accomplish this objective, five localities were selected purposefully, namely Łomża (city with powiat status) and Zambrów (urban commune) in Podlaskie Voivodeship and Łuków (town), Wohyń (rural commune) and Zalesie (rural commune) in Lubelskie Voivodeship. Within these localities, 23 welcoming initiatives were identified, out of which 12 were chosen for in-depth research. The field research was conducted in all five localities between March and December 2021. During this period, the SGH Warsaw School of Economics team conducted 43 interviews with institutional stakeholders (representatives of local governments, schools, non-governmental organisations – NGOs, religious organisations and private companies) and individuals (both migrant newcomers and native residents). In addition, local government representatives were surveyed to compare their policies, measures and stances toward migrant inhabitants and local development. The research was also complemented with the literature review, policy documents analysis, and local media outlets discourse analysis. Until February 2022 and the outbreak of war in Ukraine, welcoming spaces in Poland were scarce and spatially limited to the big cities like Warsaw, Cracow, Wrocław, Gdańsk, Lublin or Białystok, governed by liberal mayors and city councils open to accept migrants and treat them as a valuable human asset of the city community. However, in smaller cities, towns and rural areas, especially in shrinking regions, welcoming spaces have been highly conditioned by welcoming initiatives carried out mainly by civil society organisations (CSOs). It is very likely that the war in Ukraine will completely change the situation we write about in this country report. However, this crisis and its consequences were not the subjects of our desk research and fieldwork in Poland, which ended in December 2021. As of late July 2022, the number of border crossings from Ukraine to Poland is almost 5 million and the number of forced migrants registered for temporary protection or similar national protection scheme concern 1.3 million people (UNHCR 2022). However, the number of those who have decided to stay in Poland is estimated at around 1.5 million (Duszczyk and Kaczmarczyk 2022). Such a large influx of forced migrants from Ukraine within five months already affects the demographic situation in the country and access to public services, mainly in large and medium-size cities1 . Depending on the development of events in Ukraine and the number of migrants who will decide to stay in Poland in the following months, the functioning of the domestic labour market, education, health service, and social assistance may significantly change. The following months may also bring new changes in the law relating to foreigners, aimed at their easier integration in the country. Access to housing in cities is already a considerable challenge, which may result in measures to encourage foreigners to settle in smaller towns and rural areas. Given these dynamic changes in the migration situation of the country, as well as in the area of admission and integration activities, Poland seems to be slowly becoming one great welcoming space. It is worth mentioning that the main institutional actors in this area have been NGOs and local governments since the beginning of the humanitarian crisis in Ukraine. An important supporting and coordinating role has also been played by international organisations such as the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), which launched its inter-agency Regional Refugee Response Plan (RRRP) in early spring to address the most urgent needs of the population of forced migrants and their host countries in this part of Europe (UNHCR 2022a; UNHCR 2022b; UNHCR 2022c). Based on the number of newly emerged welcoming initiatives and the pace of this emergence, they will soon become an everyday reality for every municipality in Poland. Therefore, it is difficult to find more up-todate circumstances for the “Welcoming Spaces” project objective, which is “to rethink ways forward in creating inclusive space in such a way that it will contribute firstly to the successful integration of migrants in demographically and economically shrinking areas and simultaneously to the revitalization of these places”. Furthermore, the initiatives we selected as case studies for our research should be widely promoted and treated as a model of migrants’ inclusion into the new communities. On the other hand, we need to emphasize here that the empirical material was collected between March and December 2021, before the outbreak of war in Ukraine. As such, it does not reflect the new reality in Poland