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Journal articles on the topic 'Concern for the individual'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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1

Schahn, Joachim, and Erwin Holzer. "Studies of Individual Environmental Concern." Environment and Behavior 22, no. 6 (November 1990): 767–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916590226003.

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2

Bagadeem, Salim, Mohammed Moosa Ageli, and Bader Alhafi. "Individuals and Organizations: The Sustainability Connect." Journal of Sustainable Development 15, no. 3 (April 26, 2022): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v15n3p147.

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An individual’s concern for sustainability and an organization’s concern for sustainability are interrelated and is imperative considering the significance of environmental and business sustainability to future organizations. The objective of the research is to understand more about the interrelationship between these two concerns. This relationship is studied under the influence of five demographic variables (Age, gender, employment type, educational qualification and income) and considering the preference for self-interest over common interest. The organization’s concern for sustainability and an individual’s concern for sustainability were found to significantly explain each other. The demographic variables were also found to significantly explain these two concerns. The research is based on a survey instrument and the findings contribute new dimensions to the existing literature on the subject.
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Bagadeem, Salim, Mohammed Moosa Ageli, and Bader Alhafi. "Individuals and Organizations: The Sustainability Connect." Journal of Sustainable Development 15, no. 3 (April 26, 2022): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v15n3p147.

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An individual’s concern for sustainability and an organization’s concern for sustainability are interrelated and is imperative considering the significance of environmental and business sustainability to future organizations. The objective of the research is to understand more about the interrelationship between these two concerns. This relationship is studied under the influence of five demographic variables (Age, gender, employment type, educational qualification and income) and considering the preference for self-interest over common interest. The organization’s concern for sustainability and an individual’s concern for sustainability were found to significantly explain each other. The demographic variables were also found to significantly explain these two concerns. The research is based on a survey instrument and the findings contribute new dimensions to the existing literature on the subject.
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4

Tan, Kok-Chor. "Equality and Special Concern." Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 36 (2010): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2010.10717655.

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IntroductionThe various special concerns and commitments that individuals ordinarily have, for example towards family members, friends, and possibly compatriots, present an interesting challenge for justice. Justice, after all, is said to be blind and imposes demands on persons that ought to be impartial, at least in some respects, to personal ties and relationships. Yet individual special concerns are obviously of moral importance and are deeply valued by participants in these relationships. Thus any conception of justice to be plausible has to be able to accommodate to some extent the various types of valuable and valued special concern characteristic of ordinary social life. In particular, it is important to see how the impartial demands of justice can be maintained while accommodating special concern.
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5

Atkinson, Glen, and Mike Reed. "The Individual in a Going Concern." Journal of Economic Issues 26, no. 2 (June 1992): 469–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.1992.11505306.

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6

Kim, Yeolib, Boreum Choi, and Yoonhyuk Jung. "Individual Differences in Online Privacy Concern." Asia Pacific Journal of Information Systems 28, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 274–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14329/apjis.2018.28.4.274.

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7

Hine, Donald W., and Robert Gifford. "Fear Appeals, Individual Differences, and Environmental Concern." Journal of Environmental Education 23, no. 1 (October 1991): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00958964.1991.9943068.

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8

Rath, Dillip Kumar, and Ajit Kumar. "Information privacy concern at individual, group, organization and societal level - a literature review." Vilakshan - XIMB Journal of Management 18, no. 2 (January 8, 2021): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/xjm-08-2020-0096.

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Purpose In today’s digitized environment, information privacy has become a prime concern for everybody. The purpose of this paper is to provide an understanding of information privacy concern arising because of the application of computer-based information system in the various domains (E-Governance, E-Commerce, E-Health, E-Banking and E-Finance), and at different levels, i.e. individual, group, organizational and societal. Design/methodology/approach The authors performed an in-depth analysis of different research articles related to information privacy concerns and elements affecting those at certain level of applications. The primary sources of literature were articles retrieved from online databases. Various online journal and scholarly articles were searched in detail to locate information privacy-related articles. Findings The authors have carried out a detailed literature review to identify the different levels where the privacy is a big challenging task. This paper provides insights whether information privacy concern may obstruct in the successful dispersal and adoption of different applications in various application domains. Consumers’ attitude towards information privacy concerns have enlightened and addressed at individual levels in numerous domains. Privacy concerns at the individual level, as suggested by our analysis, seem to have been sufficiently addressed or addressed. However, information privacy concerns at other levels – group, organizational and societal levels – need the attention of researchers. Originality/value In this paper, the authors have posited that it will help the researchers to more focus at group level privacy perspective in the information privacy era.
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9

Pal, Sulagna. "Concern for Future Generations: Some Perspectives." Tattva - Journal of Philosophy 7, no. 2 (July 5, 2015): 65–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.12726/tjp.14.4.

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The present research paper, entitled “Concern for Future Generations: Some Perspectives” begins with revisiting a number of ideas related with the future dressed generations from the perspective of Environmental Ethics. One of the scholarly works which I have addressed here: Work by Gregory S.Kavka who has explained the problem of future generations in the essay, “The Paradox of Future Individuals”. Moreover, I have tried to highlight the view points where the scholars been addressed, fundamentally coincide and differ from each other. In the concluding part of the paper I have brought into focus 'the Buddhist theory of kamma and how the actions performed by individuals have an impact on future generations. I have shown how the actions of an individual in the present may address our concerns about the future generations. Does kamma legitimize concern for the future generations?
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10

Zahn-Waxler, Carolyn. "Caregiving, emotion, and concern for others." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25, no. 1 (February 2002): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x0252001x.

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Few individuals are constitutionally incapable of showing concern for others at an early age, and malleability is possible. Individual variations will be best understood through study of the representational prerequisites of empathy in close conjunction with caregiving environments and affective underpinnings.
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11

Sullivan, Patricia A., and Honey W. Nashman. "Self-Perceptions of the Role of USOC Sport Psychologists in Working with Olympic Athletes." Sport Psychologist 12, no. 1 (March 1998): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.12.1.95.

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The work-related satisfactions and stressors of experienced Olympic sport psychologists were examined. This study was designed to identify (a) specific intervention techniques used by the sport psychologist, (b) psychosocial concerns experienced by the sport psychologist, (c) concerns of the Olympic athlete, and (d) ethical issues related to communication with the media. Results revealed that these sport psychologists were satisfied both personally and professionally. In addition, the outcome category (winning/losing) reported as a primary concern by the athletes was addressed by the sport psychologists as an individual/personal issue, an interpersonal concern or a performance enhancement concern.
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12

Myerson, Joel, Michael J. Strube, Leonard Green, and Sandra Hale. "Individual differences in COVID-19 mitigation behaviors: The roles of age, gender, psychological state, and financial status." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 21, 2021): e0257658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257658.

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The present study examined individual characteristics potentially associated with changes in mitigation behaviors (social distancing and hygiene) recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Analysis of online survey responses from 361 adults, ages 20–78, with US IP addresses, identified significant correlates of adaptive behavioral changes, with implications for preventive strategies and mental health needs. The extent to which individuals changed their mitigation behaviors was unrelated to self-rated health or concern regarding the personal effects of COVID-19 but was related to concern regarding the effects of the pandemic on others. Thus, mitigation behaviors do not appear to be primarily motivated by self-protection. Importantly, adaptive changes in mitigation behaviors increased with age. However, these changes, particularly those related to the frequency of close proximity encounters, appear to be due to age-related decreases in anxiety and depression. Taken together, the present results argue against over-reliance on ‘fear appeals’ in public health messages as they may increase anxiety and depression. Instead, the present findings argue for more appeals to people’s concern for others to motivate mitigation as well as indicating an immediate need to address individual mental health concerns for the sake of society as a whole.
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13

Noël-Miller, Claire Marie. "Concern Regarding the HIV/AIDS epidemic and Individual Childbearing." Demographic Research Special 1 (September 19, 2003): 319–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4054/demres.2003.s1.10.

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14

Zahn, Roland, Ricardo de Oliveira-Souza, Ivanei Bramati, Griselda Garrido, and Jorge Moll. "Subgenual cingulate activity reflects individual differences in empathic concern." Neuroscience Letters 457, no. 2 (June 2009): 107–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2009.03.090.

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15

Brieger, Steven A. "Social Identity and Environmental Concern: The Importance of Contextual Effects." Environment and Behavior 51, no. 7 (February 22, 2018): 828–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013916518756988.

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This study draws on social identity theory to explain differences in individual support for environmental protection, a conative component of environmental concern. It argues that an individual’s identification with higher social units—community, nation, and world—strengthens its in-group solidarity and empathy and, in consequence, its readiness to protect the environment benefiting the in-group’s welfare. The study hypothesizes that country-level manifestations of social identity (a) lift individuals’ support for environmental protection above the level that their own social identity suggests (elevator effect) and (b) reinforce the effect of individuals’ social identity on their support for environmental protection (amplifier effect). Using a sample of more than 30,000 individuals located in 38 countries around the world, the study finds strong evidence for the two contextual effects. The findings indicate that social identity plays an important role not just as an individual attribute but also as a central component of culture in fostering environmental concern.
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16

Sellheim, Nikolas. "‘Direct and Individual Concern’ for Newfoundland’s Sealing Industry? – When a Legal Concept and Empirical Data Collide." Yearbook of Polar Law Online 6, no. 1 (March 11, 2014): 466–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1876-8814_017.

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In the court cases aiming to annul EU Regulation 1007/2009 on trade in seal products the European Courts have inter alia ruled that a ‘direct and individual’ concern, a precondition for providing locus standi for the annulment of a contested regulation, does not exist for the commercial sealing industry in Canada. Based on Community case-law, the principle of ‘direct and individual concern’ is therefore interpreted in a restrictive manner, yet without hinting towards judicial activism. This article aims to ascertain whether this interpretation can be brought in conjunction with empirical findings stemming from field work conducted in the sealing industry in Newfoundland or whether the legal concept and empirical data contradict each other. While analysing the legal reasoning of the courts in two exemplary cases, a case study of three workers in the industry is presented to provide ethnographic insight into the commercial sealing industry and to provide empirical data on the ‘direct and individual concern’ of developments in the EU for them.
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17

Engelmann, Jan M., Esther Herrmann, and Michael Tomasello. "Concern for Group Reputation Increases Prosociality in Young Children." Psychological Science 29, no. 2 (November 2, 2017): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617733830.

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The motivation to build and maintain a positive personal reputation promotes prosocial behavior. But individuals also identify with their groups, and so it is possible that the desire to maintain or enhance group reputation may have similar effects. Here, we show that 5-year-old children actively invest in the reputation of their group by acting more generously when their group’s reputation is at stake. Children shared significantly more resources with fictitious other children not only when their individual donations were public rather than private but also when their group’s donations (effacing individual donations) were public rather than private. These results provide the first experimental evidence that concern for group reputation can lead to higher levels of prosociality.
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18

Gassen, Jeffrey, Tomasz J. Nowak, Alexandria D. Henderson, Sally P. Weaver, Erich J. Baker, and Michael P. Muehlenbein. "Longitudinal changes in COVID-19 concern and stress: Pandemic fatigue overrides individual differences in caution." Journal of Public Health Research 11, no. 3 (July 2022): 227990362211190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/22799036221119011.

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Background: Pandemic fatigue describes a phenomenon whereby individuals experience a decrease in COVID-19 concern over time, despite their risk for infection remaining stable, or even increasing. Individual differences in the experience of pandemic fatigue may have important implications for people’s adherence to public health recommendations. Design and methods: Using data collected from a large community cohort in McLennan County, TX, longitudinal changes in COVID-19-related concern, stress, and affect across three appointments separated by approximately 4 weeks (July–November 2020) were examined. About 495, 349, and 286 participants completed one, two, and three appointments, respectively. Changes to stress physiology and local travel over time were also analyzed. Results: Results of a latent class growth analysis revealed four distinct classes of individuals: (a) low concern, low stress, (b) moderate concern, moderate stress, (c) moderate concern, low stress, and (d) high concern, high stress. Despite differences between latent classes in initial levels of concern, stress, and negative affect, levels of each variable decreased over time for all groups. While this reduction of concern did not coincide with changes in local travel, it was reflected in heart rate and blood pressure. Conclusions: Together, these results suggest a general trend of pandemic fatigue in the sample, even for those with moderate-to-high levels of initial COVID-19 stress and concern. Such findings may provide insights into the expected challenges of promoting compliance with public health recommendations as the pandemic continues.
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19

Lallier, Chuck. "Concern About Guidelines." Pediatrics 96, no. 3 (September 1, 1995): 544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.96.3.544b.

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I enjoyed reading Dr Paul Young's article "The Management of Febrile Infants by Primary-Care Pediatricians in Utah: Comparison With Published Practice Guidelines" in the May 1995 issue of Pediatrics. It seems we, as general pediatricians, are barraged with an increasing number of "guidelines" for the management of everything from fever to hyperbilirubinemia. These guidelines are very useful in helping one think of diagnostic/treatment options, but need to leave a lot of room for variation with the individual patient.
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20

Azodo, CC, CD Odai, and MI Onyeagba. "Does concern about halitosis influence individual′s oral hygiene practices?" Nigerian Medical Journal 52, no. 4 (2011): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0300-1652.93799.

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21

Voelzke, J. "Individual labour income, stock prices and whom it may concern." Applied Economics Letters 23, no. 13 (January 5, 2016): 965–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504851.2015.1125422.

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22

Barresi, V. "IP rights and locus standi: a matter of (individual) concern." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 3, no. 12 (December 1, 2008): 761–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpn190.

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23

Givens, Jennifer E., and Andrew K. Jorgenson. "Individual environmental concern in the world polity: A multilevel analysis." Social Science Research 42, no. 2 (March 2013): 418–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.10.005.

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24

Cavazza, Nicoletta, Margherita Guidetti, and Stefano Pagliaro. "Who Cares for Reputation? Individual Differences and Concern for Reputation." Current Psychology 34, no. 1 (July 22, 2014): 164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12144-014-9249-y.

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25

Jung, Haesung, and Dolores Albarracín. "Concerns for others increases the likelihood of vaccination against influenza and COVID-19 more in sparsely rather than densely populated areas." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 1 (December 18, 2020): e2007538118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007538118.

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Vaccination yields the direct individual benefit of protecting recipients from infectious diseases and also the indirect social benefit of reducing the transmission of infections to others, often referred to asherd immunity. This research examines how prosocial concern for vaccination, defined as people’s preoccupation with infecting others if they do not vaccinate themselves, motivates vaccination in more and less populated regions of the United States. A nationally representative, longitudinal survey of 2,490 Americans showed that prosocial concern had a larger positive influence on vaccination against influenza in sparser regions, as judged by a region’s nonmetropolitan status, lesser population density, and lower proportion of urban land area. Two experiments (totaln= 800), one preregistered, provide causal evidence that drawing attention to prosocial (vs. individual) concerns interacted with social density to affect vaccination intentions. Specifically, prosocial concern led to stronger intentions to vaccinate against influenza and COVID-19 but only when social density was low (vs. high). Moderated mediation analyses show that, in low-density conditions, the benefits of inducing prosocial concern were due to greater perceived impact of one’s vaccination on others. In this light, public health communications may reap more benefits from emphasizing the prosocial aspects of vaccination in sparser environments.
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Dixon-Woods, Mary, Emma L. Aveling, Anne Campbell, Akbar Ansari, Carolyn Tarrant, Janet Willars, Peter Pronovost, et al. "What counts as a voiceable concern in decisions about speaking out in hospitals: A qualitative study." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 27, no. 2 (January 3, 2022): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/13558196211043800.

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Objectives Those who work in health care organisations are a potentially valuable source of information about safety concerns, yet failures of voice are persistent. We propose the concept of ‘voiceable concern’ and offer an empirical exploration. Methods We conducted a qualitative study involving 165 semi-structured interviews with a range of staff (clinical, non-clinical and at different hierarchical levels) in three hospitals in two countries. Analysis was based on the constant comparative method. Results Our analysis shows that identifying what counts as a concern, and what counts as a occasion for voice by a given individual, is not a straightforward matter of applying objective criteria. It instead often involves discretionary judgement, exercised in highly specific organisational and cultural contexts. We identified four influences that shape whether incidents, events and patterns were classified as voiceable concerns: certainty that something is wrong and is an occasion for voice; system versus conduct concerns, forgivability and normalisation. Determining what counted as a voiceable concern is not a simple function of the features of the concern; also important is whether the person who noticed the concern felt it was voiceable by them. Conclusions Understanding how those who work in health care organisations come to recognise what counts as a voiceable concern is critical to understanding decisions and actions about speaking out. The concept of a voiceable concern may help to explain aspects of voice behaviour in organisations as well as informing interventions to improve voice.
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Thanki, Heena, Sweety Shah, Harishchandra Singh Rathod, Ankit D. Oza, and Dumitru Doru Burduhos-Nergis. "I Am Ready to Invest in Socially Responsible Investments (SRI) Options Only If the Returns Are Not Compromised: Individual Investors’ Intentions toward SRI." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 10, 2022): 11377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811377.

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SRI, or socially responsible investment, is a relatively new concept used to describe an investment that considers social, ethical, and environmental concerns. The purpose of this study is to investigate if collectivism, concern for the environment, financial performance, and awareness of SRI influence an individual’s propensity to invest in socially responsible investments (SRI). Secondly, the study evaluates the influence of the TPB (Theory of Planned Behavior) model constructs, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on the SRI investment intention of individual investors. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on 449 individual investors for this cross-sectional investigation. The data were then analyzed further with a two-step structural equation modeling technique performed in Smart PLS 3.2.9. The PLS-SEM analysis found that collectivism, environmental concerns, financial performance, and awareness of SRI all had significant positive effects on attitudes toward SRI, which, in turn, resulted in SRI investment intention. Further, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control had a significant impact on individuals’ intentions regarding SRI.
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Nielsen, Richard P. "Can Ethical Character be Stimulated and Enabled? An Action-Learning Approach to Teaching and Learning Organization Ethics." Business Ethics Quarterly 8, no. 3 (July 1998): 581–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857440.

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Abstract:There can be ethical understanding of organizational policy issues and that is important. However, there can be policy understanding about what the organization should do without understanding of individual level responsibility. There can be cognitive understanding of both policy and individual level ethics responsibilities and that is important. However, there can be cognitive understanding without affective, emotive concern. Intellectual understanding without affective concern can lead to understanding without motivation. There can be cognitive understanding and affective concern and that is important, but not enough. There can be cognitive understanding and affective concern without effective political method. An action-learning approach to organizational ethics can join cognitive understanding of policy and individual level issues with both affective concern and effective political method. Joining of cognitive understanding, affective concern, and effective political method can stimulate and enable ethical character.
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Raschke, Robyn L., Anjala S. Krishen, and Pushkin Kachroo. "Understanding the Components of Information Privacy Threats for Location-Based Services." Journal of Information Systems 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/isys-50696.

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ABSTRACTGiven the increase in global positioning system enabled devices and the ubiquitous ability to connect wirelessly to information through location-based services, organizations are challenged to offer privacy-by-design support systems. Given this, we offer a conceptual framework to capture the impact of the individual component weights of concern for information privacy on behavioral intent of disclosing information. Through a sample of 217 respondents, our PLS model shows that privacy protection beliefs negatively impact concern for collection, unauthorized use, and improper access of information and that privacy risk beliefs positively impact concern for collection and existence of errors; additionally, concern for collection negatively impacts behavioral intentions to disclose information, as does concern for unauthorized use. With such detailed information, firms can address both cognitive and affective consumer concerns, enhance transparency, and communicate multiple services while handling privacy controls as an extension of those services.
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Youngblut, Joanne M., and Susan Schaeffer Jay. "Emergent Admission to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: Parental Concerns." AACN Advanced Critical Care 2, no. 2 (May 1, 1991): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/15597768-1991-2020.

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To identify parental concerns when a child is suddenly admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit, 17 parents often critically ill children were interviewed using a structured format between 20 and 36 hours after admission about their concerns around the time of admission and at the time of interview using the Parental Concerns Scale. The individual concern items receiving the highest ratings were the child’s survival, the possibility of mental or physical impairment, the child’s diagnosis, and the amount of pain experienced by the child. Total concern scores decreased over time for both mothers and fathers when the child’s prognosis was good and, for mothers only, when the child had an infectious illness rather than accidental injuries. Implications for nursing practice are discussed
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Stretton, Martha S., Peter Salovey, and John D. Mayer. "Assessing Health Concerns." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 12, no. 2 (October 1992): 115–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/n4ej-x0lk-pudv-q6w2.

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Individual variability in concern about health plays a role in health-relevant cognition and behavior. Our research examined the latent structure of health concerns in two samples, one a young and healthy college sample and the other an older sample of medical outpatients. In both samples, health concerns reflected two underlying components: (a) fear and worry about health and (b) tendency to report problems. Correlations between these components and several individual difference variables theoretically linked to the experience of health concerns provided evidence of concurrent validity. The implications of the separability of reporting a health problem and worrying about its meaning are discussed, and recommendations for future research are offered.
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Walsh, Adrian, and Tony Lynch. "Can Individual Morality and Commercial Life Be Reconciled?" Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 16, no. 1 (2004): 80–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jis2004161/25.

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Socialists and defenders of laissez-faire share the view that in the market agents pursue their self-interest, not the good of others. On this basis, socialists reject the market as an arena of immorality, while laissez-faire theorists attempt to defuse the charge by relying on the providential consequences of the "invisible hand," However, both stances presuppose a view of morality that too sharply separates self-interest and altruism. Some try to separate the economic arui morality into discrete spheres. In contrast, a compatibilist account shows the ways a concern for personal profit and a concern for others can come together. Such a motivationalist approach allows one to re-conceive the "invisible hand." It is no longer a serendipitous justification of the merely self-interested, but an invitation to think of the various mixtures of altruism and self-interest required to produce those results that may commend the market.
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Holland, Derrick, Kristina Janét, and Asheley Landrum. "Experience is Key: Examining the Relative Importance of Factors Influencing Individuals’ Water Conservation." Water 11, no. 9 (September 9, 2019): 1870. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11091870.

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Conservation of our global natural resources is one of the most pressing concerns facing our international society. One of these crucial resources is water. The current study sought to understand how individual factors such as experience with water scarcity, message framing, and ideology can impact perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors related to water conservation. Through the utilization of an online experiment, the current findings suggest that higher levels of experience with water scarcity predict more concern, more positive credibility perceptions of water conservation messages, and a higher likelihood of conserving water in the future. Message framing, specifically gain frames, predicted more concern and more positive perceptions of message credibility, and ideology only predicted perceptions of message credibility. Implications for global communities, resource managers, and policy decision-makers are discussed.
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Orgeret, Kristin Skare, and William Tayeebwa. "Introduction: Rethinking Safety of Journalists." Media and Communication 8, no. 1 (February 25, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/mac.v8i1.2873.

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The introductory chapter to the thematic issue, entitled “Rethinking Safety of Journalists,” shows how promoting the safety of journalists is closely related to press freedom. It presents the articles of the thematic issue and highlights how the safety of journalists is no longer a concern of individuals or individual nation states only, but is now also a global concern, whereby the international community is obliged to come to the defense of journalists’ safety.
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Yamashita, Hideki, Shinsuke Kyoi, and Koichiro Mori. "Does Information about Personal Emissions of Carbon Dioxide Improve Individual Environmental Friendliness? A Survey Experiment." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 2284. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042284.

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The purpose of this study is to identify factors that can change the environmental friendliness of individuals in the context of climate change issues in terms of values, beliefs, controllability, concern, attitude, intention, and behavior through a survey experiment, and to test the hypothesis that providing information about the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions attributable to an individual with its threshold value motivates him/her to reduce that amount using statistical analyses (the Mann–Whitney test) and multivariate regressions (the ordered logit model). It is crucial to change the behavior of individuals as well as organizations to reduce the emissions of CO2 for solving climate change issues, because the aggregate amount of individual CO2 emissions is too large to ignore. We conducted a survey experiment to detect factors affecting the environmental friendliness of individuals. Subjects of the experiment were 102 students at Shiga University in Japan. They were randomly provided with communication opportunities, information about individual or group CO2 emissions, and information about their threshold value. The finding is that provision of information about the amount of individual and group CO2 emissions may be able to improve that person’s environmental friendliness in terms of values, beliefs, concern, attitude, intention, and behavior.
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KIM, MIN-SUN, LI GONG, NICOLE SAITO, KIMBERLY NISHIGAYA, MARJORIE CABICO, and PASCALE LAFONTAINE. "THE ROLE OF SELF-CONSTRUAL ON PREFERRED COMMUNICATION STYLES WITH HUMANOID ROBOTS." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 08, no. 02 (June 2011): 359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843611002472.

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Research on human–human communication has identified that people apply different constraints in communication with each other. Application of such constraints as social concerns over feeling, imposition, and disapproval and task concerns over clarity and effectiveness has also been found to be influenced by people's self-construal, being independent or interdependent. Do these constraints and individual difference in self-construal matter in communication with humanoid robots? This study uses the theoretical framework of communication constraints to compare whether or not people of different self-construals apply social-oriented and task-oriented constraints differently to humanoid social robot targets. A total of 161 students from the University of Hawaii at Manoa participated in the study. The participants completed a questionnaire that determined their concern for the five communication constraints (feelings, nonimposition, disapproval, clarity, and effectiveness) in situations involving robots, as well as scales measuring self-construal. The results show interdependent self-construal related significantly with the concerns over avoiding hurting the humanoid's feelings, avoiding inconveniencing the humanoid robot, and avoiding being disliked by the humanoid robot. On the other hand, independent self-construal related significantly with the concern over clarity in communicating with the humanoid robot. However, self-construal did not influence one's concern of effectiveness (a task-oriented constraint) in interaction with humanoid robots. The results of the research offer new insight into the linkage between self-construal, a cultural concept at the individual level, and how human–robot communication is psychologically structured and constrained.
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Wallack, Lawrence, and Nina Wallerstein. "Health Education and Prevention: Designing Community Initiatives." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 7, no. 4 (January 1987): 319–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/0p5f-vwq2-q6m0-jbel.

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Health is a community as well as individual concern. Efforts to address public health problems should be based on an integrated approach to prevention that addresses community level as well as individual level concerns. This article reviews five basic principles of a planning approach to prevention. Planning concepts that follow from the principles include: entrance into the community, problem identification, identification and understanding of assumptions, force field analysis and public education. The implications of the planning process for intervention are discussed.
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Oleson, Kathryn C., Kirsten M. Poehlmann, John H. Yost, Molly E. Lynch, and Robert M. Arkin. "Subjective Overachievement: Individual Differences in Self-Doubt and Concern With Performance." Journal of Personality 68, no. 3 (June 2000): 491–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-6494.00104.

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Ralph-Nearman, Christina, Armen C. Arevian, Maria Puhl, Rajay Kumar, Diane Villaroman, Nanthia Suthana, Jamie D. Feusner, and Sahib S. Khalsa. "A Novel Mobile Tool (Somatomap) to Assess Body Image Perception Pilot Tested With Fashion Models and Nonmodels: Cross-Sectional Study." JMIR Mental Health 6, no. 10 (October 29, 2019): e14115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14115.

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Background Distorted perception of one’s body and appearance, in general, is a core feature of several psychiatric disorders including anorexia nervosa and body dysmorphic disorder and is operative to varying degrees in nonclinical populations. Yet, body image perception is challenging to assess, given its subjective nature and variety of manifestations. The currently available methods have several limitations including restricted ability to assess perceptions of specific body areas. To address these limitations, we created Somatomap, a mobile tool that enables individuals to visually represent their perception of body-part sizes and shapes as well as areas of body concerns and record the emotional valence of concerns. Objective This study aimed to develop and pilot test the feasibility of a novel mobile tool for assessing 2D and 3D body image perception. Methods We developed a mobile 2D tool consisting of a manikin figure on which participants outline areas of body concern and indicate the nature, intensity, and emotional valence of the concern. We also developed a mobile 3D tool consisting of an avatar on which participants select individual body parts and use sliders to manipulate their size and shape. The tool was pilot tested on 103 women: 65 professional fashion models, a group disproportionately exposed to their own visual appearance, and 38 nonmodels from the general population. Acceptability was assessed via a usability rating scale. To identify areas of body concern in 2D, topographical body maps were created by combining assessments across individuals. Statistical body maps of group differences in body concern were subsequently calculated using the formula for proportional z-score. To identify areas of body concern in 3D, participants’ subjective estimates from the 3D avatar were compared to corresponding measurements of their actual body parts. Discrepancy scores were calculated based on the difference between the perceived and actual body parts and evaluated using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results Statistical body maps revealed different areas of body concern between models (more frequently about thighs and buttocks) and nonmodels (more frequently about abdomen/waist). Models were more accurate at estimating their overall body size, whereas nonmodels tended to underestimate the size of individual body parts, showing greater discrepancy scores for bust, biceps, waist, hips, and calves but not shoulders and thighs. Models and nonmodels reported high ease-of-use scores (8.4/10 and 8.5/10, respectively), and the resulting 3D avatar closely resembled their actual body (72.7% and 75.2%, respectively). Conclusions These pilot results suggest that Somatomap is feasible to use and offers new opportunities for assessment of body image perception in mobile settings. Although further testing is needed to determine the applicability of this approach to other populations, Somatomap provides unique insight into how humans perceive and represent the visual characteristics of their body.
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Jellinek, E. M., and Brian D. Hore. "The Disease Concept of Alcoholism." British Journal of Psychiatry 157, no. 5 (November 1990): 786–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000047097.

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Concern over those individuals who drink alcohol to excess goes back many centuries, this concern being directed at the effect alcohol has on the individual and on society. Levine (1978) pointed out that the idea of alcoholism as a progressive disease with the key symptom of ‘loss of control’ did not simply start with the foundation of Alcoholics Anonymous or the publication of Jellinek's monograph. Such a concept is, in fact, at least 200 years old.
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Pardini, S., J. Szubert, C. Novara, and A. Brytek-Matera. "Higher levels of concern about dieting and moderate-intensity physical activity predict orthorexia nervosa among young adults." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.401.

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Introduction In some individuals, interest in healthy attitudes and behaviours towards food may show obsessive signs. Preoccupation with ‘healthful’ eating may contribute to orthorexia nervosa (ON) – a strong preoccupation with “healthy eating” manifested by the avoidance of all foods considered by the individual to be “unhealthy”. Objectives The objective of the present study was to determine whether disordered eating behaviour, physical activity and self-esteem are predictors of ON in young adults. Methods Five hundred fifty-four Polish and Italian university students participated in the present study. Participants were asked to answer the Eating Habits Questionnaire, the Eating Attitudes Test, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Results Our findings found that higher levels of concern about dieting and moderate-intensity physical activity were related to ON. Particularly, higher levels of concern about dieting, bulimic behaviour and thoughts about food and moderate-intensity physical activity predicted problems associated with healthy eating. Higher levels of concern about dieting, self-esteem as well as self-control of eating and perceived pressure from others to gain weight were associated with knowledge of healthy eating. Whereas, higher levels of concern about dieting with country factor (Poland) predicted feeling positively about healthy eating. Conclusions In ON treatment, reduction in symptoms and concerns characteristic of eating disorders and adequate levels of physical activity should be taken into consideration. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Khalil, Salwa, Elizabeth Parry, Nick Brown, and Femi Oyebode. "Individual appraisal for senior medical staff." Psychiatric Bulletin 25, no. 5 (May 2001): 166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.25.5.166.

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There is public concern about medical errors. In Britain, the Bristol Inquiry is the paradigmatic example that focuses professional and public attention on the safety of medical interventions. In the US the Institute of Medicine's recent report To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System (1999) was widely seen on both sides of the Atlantic as confirming what most already feared, that medical interventions were accompanied by unacceptably high levels of preventable harms (Barach & Small, 2000). The response to these public concerns has been multifold. In the UK clinical governance was introduced in April 1999, principally to focus attention on continuously improving the quality of clinical care. At the same time, the arrangements for the registration of doctors by the General Medical Council (GMC) was under review and there was an expectation that NHS trusts would bring consultants, who hitherto had been regarded as independent practitioners outside any supervisory system or arrangement, within an appraisal system. It has become clear that this appraisal system will be a component part of the GMC's revalidation of doctors (GMC, 2000). What is clear is that these varying systems are designed to restore public trust by providing an open process, which has the confidence of the profession, management and public alike. In this paper we aim to discuss the historical development of appraisal as a system for reviewing the performance of individual practitioners, suggest a method for appraising senior medical staff and finally to discuss the limitations and problems inherent in the introduction of such a system.
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ARCHBALD, CHERYL. "Sale of Individual Cigarettes: A New Development." Pediatrics 91, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.91.4.851.

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To the Editor.— Each year, more people die as a result of cigarette smoking than from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or crack/cocaine. As such, use and abuse of tobacco remains a serious health concern in our society. The fact that a recent study concluded that young children were as adept at recognizing Old Joe, the cartoon camel that promotes Camel cigarettes, as they were at identifying Mickey Mouse, vividly demonstrates the influence of one tobacco company on our children.
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Stokes, Anthony, and Edgar Wilson. "Catering For Individual Student Learning Preferences In Economics." American Journal of Business Education (AJBE) 2, no. 9 (December 1, 2009): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ajbe.v2i9.4607.

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There have been many national and international reports expressing concern about the problems of teaching economics subjects in universities and colleges. This paper puts forward one approach to deal with the issue through the use of a computer based learning program designed to cater for the differences in backgrounds and learning styles of economics students at the University of Wollongong, Australia.
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Maki, Kristin G., Kaiping Liao, Lisa M. Lowenstein, M. Angeles Lopez-Olivo, and Robert J. Volk. "Factors Associated With Obtaining Lung Cancer Screening Among Persons Who Smoke." MDM Policy & Practice 6, no. 2 (July 2021): 238146832110678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23814683211067810.

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Background. Screening with low-dose computed tomography scans can reduce lung cancer deaths but uptake remains low. This study examines psychosocial factors associated with obtaining lung cancer screening (LCS) among individuals. Methods. This is a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial conducted with 13 state quitlines’ clients. Participants who met age and smoking history criteria were enrolled and followed-up for 6 months. Only participants randomized to the intervention group (a patient decision aid) were included in this analysis. A logistic regression was performed to identify determinants of obtaining LCS 6 months after the intervention. Results. There were 204 participants included in this study. Regarding individual attitudes, high and moderate levels of concern about overdiagnosis were associated with a decreased likelihood of obtaining LCS compared with lower levels of concern (high levels of concern, odds ratio [OR] 0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04–0.65; moderate levels of concern, OR 0.15, 95% CI 0.05–0.53). In contrast, higher levels of anticipated regret about not obtaining LCS and later being diagnosed with lung cancer were associated with an increased likelihood of being screened compared with lower levels of anticipated regret (OR 5.59, 95% CI 1.72–18.10). Other potential harms related to LCS were not significant. Limitations. Follow-up may not have been long enough for all individuals who wished to be screened to complete the scan. Additionally, participants may have been more health motivated due to recruitment via tobacco quitlines. Conclusions. Anticipated regret about not obtaining screening is associated with screening behavior, whereas concern about overdiagnosis is associated with decreased likelihood of LCS. Implications. Decision support research may benefit from further examining anticipated regret in screening decisions. Additional training and information may be helpful to address concerns regarding overdiagnosis.
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Leong, Suyi, Kimin Eom, Keiko Ishii, Marion C. Aichberger, Karolina Fetz, Tim S. Müller, Heejung S. Kim, and David K. Sherman. "Individual costs and community benefits: Collectivism and individuals’ compliance with public health interventions." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 3, 2022): e0275388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275388.

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Differences in national responses to COVID-19 have been associated with the cultural value of collectivism. The present research builds on these findings by examining the relationship between collectivism at the individual level and adherence to public health recommendations to combat COVID-19 during the pre-vaccination stage of the pandemic, and examines different characteristics of collectivism (i.e., concern for community, trust in institutions, perceived social norms) as potential psychological mechanisms that could explain greater compliance. A study with a cross-section of American participants (N = 530) examined the relationship between collectivism and opting-in to digital contact tracing (DCT) and wearing face coverings in the general population. More collectivistic individuals were more likely to comply with public health interventions than less collectivistic individuals. While collectivism was positively associated with the three potential psychological mechanisms, only perceived social norms about the proportion of people performing the public health interventions explained the relationship between collectivism and compliance with both public health interventions. This research identifies specific pathways by which collectivism can lead to compliance with community-benefiting public health behaviors to combat contagious diseases and highlights the role of cultural orientation in shaping individuals’ decisions that involve a tension between individual cost and community benefit.
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Cook, Corey L., Yexin Jessica Li, Steve M. Newell, Catherine A. Cottrell, and Rebecca Neel. "The world is a scary place: Individual differences in belief in a dangerous world predict specific intergroup prejudices." Group Processes & Intergroup Relations 21, no. 4 (October 5, 2016): 584–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1368430216670024.

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Research suggests that people chronically concerned with safety, as measured by the Belief in a Dangerous World (BDW) Scale, are prone to intergroup prejudice and likely to endorse negative stereotypes under conditions eliciting concern for safety. Using a sociofunctional, threat-based approach to prejudice, the current research tested whether people with high BDW report increased prejudice specifically toward groups stereotypically associated with safety-related threats compared to groups associated with unrelated threats. Studies 1 and 2 found that higher BDW predicts increased negativity, safety-related concern, and fear toward groups stereotypically associated with threats to safety (e.g., illegal immigrants and Muslims) compared to groups thought to pose unrelated threats (e.g., gay men and obese people). Study 3 activated concern for safety using a news story detailing increased crime (vs. a control story), finding an interaction between safety concern activation, target group, and BDW, such that situational threat concern elicited greater prejudice toward Mexican Americans, but not toward Asian Americans, from those participants with higher BDW. These studies suggest that individual differences in concern for safety predict specific prejudices (e.g., fear and social distancing) toward distinct groups rather than general outgroup negativity.
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Jacobs, Stephen. "Inner Peace and Global Harmony: Individual Wellbeing and Global Solutions in the Art of Living." Culture Unbound 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2014): 873–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/cu.2000.1525.146873.

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his paper explores the discourse in the Art of Living (AOL), a Hindu derived transnational meditation movement, which suggests that solutions to global problems are best addressed at the individual level. Ethnographic fieldwork, qualitative interviews and an analysis of published material suggest that the primary concern of the AOL is the reduction of stress and anxiety for the individual practitioner. This reduction of stress not only means that the individual practitioner develops ‘inner peace’, but also contributes to global harmony. AOL is an exemplar of ‘therapeutic solutions’, which are characterized by disillusionment with established institutions and a quest for inner meaning. AOL articulates this therapeutic solution, not only in terms of narcissistic needs, but links this quest for inner meaning to wider social and global concerns.
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Andrews, Jack L., Lucy E. Foulkes, Jessica K. Bone, and Sarah-Jayne Blakemore. "Amplified Concern for Social Risk in Adolescence: Development and Validation of a New Measure." Brain Sciences 10, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10060397.

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In adolescence, there is a heightened propensity to take health risks such as smoking, drinking or driving too fast. Another facet of risk taking, social risk, has largely been neglected. A social risk can be defined as any decision or action that could lead to an individual being excluded by their peers, such as appearing different to one’s friends. In the current study, we developed and validated a measure of concern for health and social risk for use in individuals of 11 years and over (N = 1399). Concerns for both health and social risk declined with age, challenging the commonly held stereotype that adolescents are less worried about engaging in risk behaviours, compared with adults. The rate of decline was steeper for social versus health risk behaviours, suggesting that adolescence is a period of heightened concern for social risk. We validated our measure against measures of rejection sensitivity, depression and risk-taking behaviour. Greater concern for social risk was associated with increased sensitivity to rejection and greater depressed mood, and this association was stronger for adolescents compared with adults. We conclude that social risks should be incorporated into future models of risk-taking behaviour, especially when they are pitted against health risks.
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Friedrich, James. "Fleshing out a dual-system solution." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 5 (October 2000): 671–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00293436.

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A prospective integration of evolutionary and other approaches to understanding rationality, as well as incorporation of individual difference concerns into the research agenda, are major contributions of Stanovich & West's analysis. This commentary focuses on issues of concern in detailing a dual-system or dual-process model of the sort they propose and using it as a basis for improving judgment.
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