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1
Sullivan, Karen. "Integrating constructional semantics and conceptual metaphor." Constructions and Frames 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 141–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.8.2.02sul.
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Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) aims to represent the conceptual structure of metaphors rather than the structure of metaphoric language. The theory does not explain which aspects of metaphoric language evoke which conceptual structures, for example. However, other theories within cognitive linguistics may be better suited to this task. These theories, once integrated, should make building a unified model of both the conceptual and linguistic aspects of metaphor possible. First, constructional approaches to syntax provide an explanation of how particular constructional slots are associated with different functions in evoking metaphor. Cognitive Grammar is especially effective in this regard. Second, Frame Semantics helps explain how the words or phrases that fill the relevant constructional slots evoke the source and target domains of metaphor. Though these theories do not yet integrate seamlessly, their combination already offers explanatory benefits, such as allowing generalizations across metaphoric and non-metaphoric language, and identifying the words that play a role in evoking metaphors, for example.
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Maharani, Indira, and I. Made Rajeg. "Conceptual Metaphor in Daily Spiritual Texts Murli by Brahma Kumaris." Humanis 26, no. 2 (May 28, 2022): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/jh.2022.v26.i02.p15.
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The meaning of the metaphor is understanding as one of the conceptual domain in terms of other conceptual domains. A metaphor is used effortlessly in everyday life, including in a literary work. The aim of this study is able to help people to understand the metaphoric meaning of Murli, a spiritual text written by Brahma Kumaris. The problems of this study discussed based on metaphorical expressions used in daily spiritual texts Murli and the conceptual metaphors motivate the application of the metaphorical expressions in daily spiritual texts Murli. The data of this study is taken from the daily spiritual texts by Brahma Kumaris Murli. The technique that is used to collect the data is the note-taking technique. The metaphor is identified using MIP (Metaphor Identification Process) by Pragglejaz Group This method helps the process of analyzing metaphorical words. The result of this study showed that Murli consists of 16 conceptual metaphors of the structural metaphor, 2 conceptual metaphors of the orientational metaphor, and 3 conceptual metaphors of the ontological metaphor including the personification and 1 conceptual metaphor of the metonymy.
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DJALILOVA, Z. B., and M. S. UMAROVA. "METAPHOR IN THE LAKOFF’S TRADITION. TYPES OF CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR." IQRO 04, no. 01 (June 1, 2023): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/iqro-volume04-issue01-15.
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As the title suggests this thesis deals with is the area of conceptual metaphor. Nowadays, the theory of conceptual metaphor is something well established. Works and researches dealing with this topic abound but there is still much tо discоver. The article presented is therefore only a small piece of the jigsaw puzzle that will shed some light on the phenomenon of cоnceptual metaphor. The approach to metaphor adopted in this thesis is the оne that forwarded by Lakoff and Johnson in their piece of work Metaphors We Live By. That is why this thesis was inspired by their work; it is convenient to define metaphor in their terms. According to authors claim that the essence of metaphor is realizing and experiencing one kind оf thing with the help of anоther. We tried to rewrite this statement as this kind: metaphоr is knowing and experiencing one thing in terms of nominative idea.
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Sardaraz, Khan, and Roslan Ali. "A COGNITIVE-SEMANTIC APPROACH TO THE INTERPRETATION OF DEATH METAPHOR THEMES IN THE QURAN." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 4, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 219–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss2pp219-246.
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In previous literature, conceptual metaphor has been used as a comprehensive cognitive tool to explore systematic categorization of concepts in the Quran. Death metaphor themes have either been studied from rhetorical or conceptual perspectives, but metaphor interpretation needs both linguistic and conceptual knowledge. This paper will explore the function of both linguistic and conceptual knowledge in metaphor interpretation in the Quran. This paper has used the technique of key words and phrases for data collection and metaphor identification procedure (MIP) for metaphors identification. Thirteen conceptual metaphors were found in the data. The key conceptual metaphors were analyzed through the lexical concept cognitive model theory (hereafter LCCM) to find out the functions of linguistic and conceptual knowledge in metaphor interpretation. The findings reveal that conceptual metaphor gives only relational structure to the linguistic metaphoric expressions, whereas interpretation needs integration of both linguistic and conceptual knowledge. Conceptual simulation of metaphoric expressions is a multilinear process of multiple conceptual schemas and language. The findings also reveal that LCCM needs the tool of intertextuality for clash resolution of contexts in text interpretation. This paper holds that meaning construction depends upon multilinear processing of conceptual schemas and language. Furthermore, it asserts that the gap in LCCM may be resolved through the tool of intertextuality in metaphor comprehension. This study suggests further studies on relationship between conceptual schemas and lexical behaviour and an elaborate model for text interpretation, combining LCCM and intertextuality.
Keywords: Cognitive model, cognitive semantics, conceptual metaphor, fusion, lexical concept
Cite as: Sardaraz, K., & Ali, R. (2019). A cognitive-semantic approach to the interpretation of death metaphor themes in the Quran. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(4), 219-246. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol4iss2pp219-246
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Galera Masegosa, Alicia, and Aneider Iza Erviti. "Conceptual complexity in metaphorical resemblance operations revisited." Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics 28, no. 1 (September 10, 2015): 97–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/resla.28.1.05gal.
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The present article is concerned with the analysis of so-called metaphoric resemblance operations. Our corpus of animal metaphors, as representative of resemblance metaphors, reveals that there are complex cognitive operations other than simple one-correspondence mappings that are necessary to understand the interpretation process of the selected expressions (which include metaphor and simile). We have identified a strong underlying situational component in many of the examples under scrutiny, which requires the metonymic expansion of the metaphoric source. Additionally, metaphoric amalgams (understood as the combination of the conceptual material from two or more metaphors) and high-level metonymy in interaction with low-level metaphor are also essential for the analysis of animal metaphors.
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Spirchagov, Svyatoslav Y. "Metaphors in banking." Neophilology, no. 18 (2019): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2019-5-18-139-149.
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Contemporary theory of metaphor highlights its cognitive nature as opposed to traditional view of metaphor as rather a trope. We address the status and significance of conceptual metaphors in English banking terminology. A large-scale corpus analysis of English banking discourse (1888728 words) is conducted to determine how this trope is used. The application of a cognitive approach to a banking discourse has led to identification of metaphoric structures characterizing banking discourse. We confirm the use of terminology system corpus for (organic, mechanical, military, liquid, sports) metaphor models. We prove that banking discourse is highly metaphoric and borrows metaphors from multiple terminological domains. We establish the evolution of certain metaphors. We define the connections between concept areas of cognitive maps. We also prove that not all semes are transferred from the source to the target area, which confirms the connection at the conceptual level. Special attention is paid to the nexus of banking institution and social and political aspects of national cultures. This in turn allows to substantiate and test the theory of conceptual metaphor, and also served as means for a detailed study of conceptual metaphors as a culturally determined phenomenon in language. Given that metaphor is a dynamic cognitive mechanism, we detect diverse ways of metaphorization.
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Yu, Xiaohua, and Younghee Cheri Lee. "A Corpus-Assisted Analysis of Conceptual Metaphors in K-Beauty Metaphoric Advertising." Asian Social Science 20, no. 2 (February 26, 2024): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v20n2p1.
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Over the past few decades, the Conceptual Metaphor theory has attracted scholarly and practitioner attention in the construction of metaphoric advertising, which is driven by the claim that abstract concepts intended to be delivered are better communicated through a conceptual metaphor (Reddy 1979). Metaphoric advertising is a communicative mechanism that sends out intended messages while also provoking positive emotions and triggering attention from the recipient. In order to augment prior findings, this article aims to provide the metaphorical account of a conceptual mechanism delineated in K-Beauty metaphoric advertising by classifying their sub-types into structural, orientational, and ontological metaphors. To that end, this study compiled the K-Beauty metaphoric advertising corpora, which held over four thousand tokens of slogans and taglines extracted from beauty product advertisements generated in translated English, thus aiming to discuss primary instances of metaphorical mappings and conceptualizations, as well as their persuasive functions. Overall, the results evidenced that structural metaphors outperformed the other two sub-types, typifying systematic qualities and rich source domains. Of all the conceptual metaphor sub-categories, it was observable that the ENTITY and SUBSTANCE metaphors, which are a sub-type of ontological metaphors, were the most robust, signifying that ontological metaphors may adopt an imaging mechanism to transfer metaphorical mappings from a source domain to a target domain. The findings argue that particular metaphor choices in metaphoric advertising are closely linked to a cognitive mechanism triggered by cultural awareness pertaining to persuasion and promotion. Based on the current findings, implications and future research directions will also be discussed.
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Shtewi, Aiyad Ziyad, and Juma’a Qadir Hussein. "Conceptual Metaphor of Life in Emily Dickinson’s “My Life Had Stood- A Loaded Gun”." Journal of AlMaarif University College 34, no. 1 (February 27, 2023): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.51345/.v34i1.582.g345.
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Conceptual metaphor is the structures that linguistically work to denotes metaphors. To the researcher's best knowledge, conceptual metaphor has been tackled from different perspectives; Still few studies have dealt with conceptual metaphor in the poetry of Emily Dickinson. The study deals with the types of conceptual metaphor of life in Emily Dickinson's My life had stood- a loaded gun. Therefore, this study aims at analyzing the types of conceptual metaphors of life in the target poem. To this end, the poem was purposefully and analyzed based on Lackoff and Johnson's (2003) model of conceptual metaphor theory. The findings revealed that there were 2 structural metaphors and 4 ontological metaphors.
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Liang, Songman. "A Corpus-Based Study on Conceptual Metaphors in the Finance & Economics Column of The Economist." International Journal of English Language Studies 3, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijels.2021.3.8.3.
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Traditional metaphor researches consider metaphors as a rhetoric device for ornamental study. In 1980, Lakoff and Johnson put forward the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, which marks the shift of metaphor study from rhetoric view to cognitive view. Since then, numerous studies at home and abroad on conceptual metaphors have emerged. Economic news has also become a research interest. However, few research concerns about The Economist, let alone Finance & Economics Column inside. Therefore, this study explores the conceptual metaphors in the Finance & Economics Column of the Economist with Conceptual Metaphor Theory as a theoretical foundation. In order to address the above questions, the paper selects articles from October 2019 to December 2019 in The Economist and employs both qualitative and quantitative approaches to analyze conceptual metaphors in the self-constructed corpus. The results show that: firstly, altogether 443 conceptual metaphors are identified in the corpus, covering structural metaphor, ontological metaphor and orientational metaphor. Due to space limitation, only JOURNNEY metaphor, HUMAN BEING metaphor and UP/DOWN metaphor with high frequency is selected to be analyzed in detail. And their frequency varies from each other. Secondly, these three metaphors are identified in the corpus function by mapping from the source domain to the target domain. Finally, the frequency of these three metaphors is different lies in the systematicity, cultural coherence of metaphors and characteristics of economic news. This study enlarges the scope of conceptual metaphor and helps enhance their metaphorical awareness in economic discourses.
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Li, Yi, and Guangjie Tang. "Translation Research on Conceptual Metaphor in the 2023 Chinese Government Work Report." International Journal of English Linguistics 14, no. 1 (January 20, 2024): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v14n1p30.
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In traditional rhetoric, metaphor is simply a rhetorical device used to make the mentioned things more understandable. It was not until 1980 that two cognitive linguists, George Lakoff and Mark Johnson (1980) argued in Metaphors We Live By that the essence of metaphor is the cognitive mechanism by which abstract things are explained through concrete things, shifting the study of metaphor from the linguistic level to the cognitive level. Later on, Lakoff (1996) analyzed political metaphor from a cognitive perspective for the first time in Moral Politics, which drives the upsurge of research on conceptual metaphor in political discourse. Political discourse usually uses metaphor to conceptualize the political ideas and issues it aims to disseminate, and the use of conceptual metaphor is closely related to national culture, so the translation of conceptual metaphor has become the key to the overseas publicity of political discourse. On March 5, 2023, Premier Li Keqiang delivered Chinese Government Work Report at the opening meeting of the first session of the 14th National People’s Congress. After reading the official translation on www.china.org.cn, the authors find that the Report contains a wealth of conceptual metaphors, and whether the translation of these metaphors is appropriate or not will affect the accuracy of people’s understanding of the Report. Based on Lakoff and Johnson’s (1980) conceptual metaphor theory and Group’s (2007) metaphor identification procedure, this paper takes the 2023 Chinese Government Work Report and its English translation version on www.china.org.cn as the research corpus. Through manual screening, classification and statistics of conceptual metaphors, this paper explores ten types of conceptual metaphor models, namely human metaphor, journey metaphor, war metaphor, cultural metaphor, architecture metaphor, water metaphor, animal and plant metaphor, machine metaphor, line metaphor as well as object metaphor. Based on Xiao’s (2005) cognitive strategy of metaphor translation, this paper also analyzes the translation of ten types of conceptual metaphors. This paper attempts to explore the following three research questions: (1) What are the types of metaphorical patterns in the Report? (2) How are the conceptual metaphors used in the Report and what cultural connotations and images are conveyed by them? (3) How to effectively translate conceptual metaphors in the Report to achieve a better understanding of the target audience? Microsoft Office (Word and Excel) is used as a statistical tool and a mapping tool to count specific conceptual metaphor categories and record typical metaphor keywords, and visualize the data of the proportion of various types. This paper tries to summarize and analyze the cultural connotations and images conveyed by the conceptual metaphors, so as to provide help for the English translation of Chinese political discourse and promote the international dissemination of Chinese political ideas. Through the analysis of conceptual metaphors, we can judge that although the political concepts in the Report is abstract, conceptual metaphors can express them more concretely and more easily understood by the audience through the mapping from the source domain to the target domain.
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Gibbs, Raymond W. "Metaphoric cognition as social activity." Metaphor and the Social World 3, no. 1 (July 15, 2013): 54–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.3.1.03gib.
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Metaphoric thought is often viewed as a property of individual minds that is quite separate from people’s social, communicative actions with metaphoric language and gesture. My goal in this article is to argue that metaphoric cognition is fundamentally linked to human social activities. I defend this idea by focusing not only on metaphor use in overt communicative situations, but by suggesting ways that individual metaphoric cognition is implicitly social. Many of the experimental tasks used in psychology to demonstrate the psychological reality of conceptual metaphors reflect intricate couplings between cognitive and social processes. This argument demands a reorientation in how metaphor scholars interpret empirical findings related to conceptual metaphor theory, and more broadly aims to dissolve the long-standing theoretical divide between metaphoric cognition and metaphoric communication.
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Yang, Yang. "Corpus-Driven Analysis of Conceptual Metaphor in Artificial Intelligence Language: A Sample of ChatGPT-Written Speeches." Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 7, no. 12 (December 25, 2023): 77–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jcer.v7i12.5713.
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Based on Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT), this paper creates a tiny corpus of ChatGPT-written speeches. Through employing a corpus-driven approach, this study analyzes the identification and utilization of conceptual metaphors in artificial intelligence (AI) languages. The AI demonstrated its capacity to utilize metaphors in the metaphoric corpora through the display of diversity, non-arbitrariness, repetition, and intersectionality in the selection of source domains. It often uses vocabulary combinations with clear similarities to establish metaphorical meaning. In the literal sense, the outcomes of metaphor identification by artificial intelligence differ significantly from those of humans. Therefore, there is a need to develop advanced automatic models for identifying metaphors in order to enhance the precision of metaphor identification consistently.
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Niu, Peipei. "An integrated study of visual metaphors in Chinese editorial cartoons." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 325–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00043.niu.
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Abstract Conceptual metaphor theory highlights that metaphor is a matter of thinking. This assumption indicates that metaphors exist not only in language, but also in other modes. This study examines uses of visual and visual-verbal metaphors in 50 Chinese editorial cartoons conceptualizing serious haze problem, with the intention of eliciting implicit meaning conveyed by visual signs alone or together with verbal texts. Both conceptual and critical discourse analysis of the metaphors are conducted. The study finds that the way a metaphor is realized visually and verbally in a cartoon determines the features mapped onto the topic, and further implicitly expresses a critical stance toward the topic under discussion. The metaphors in the cartoons evoke a general understanding of haze problem by activating the war scenario and familiar cultural or social context in viewers. It is found in this corpus that visual fusion and visual replacement are the most frequent kinds of visual metaphors. The study further affirms that visual metaphors are better in conveying rich and implicit conceptual and affective meaning, and can be direct manifestation of the conceptual metaphor without the mediation of language. In sum the study suggests the need for an integrated approach to visual metaphoric representation in multimodal analysis.
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Kittay, Eva Feder. "Woman as Metaphor1." Hypatia 3, no. 2 (1988): 63–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1988.tb00069.x.
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Women's activities and relations to men are persistent metaphors for man's projects. I query the prominence of these and the lack of equivalent metaphors where men are the metaphoric vehicle for women and women's activities. Women's role as metaphor results from her otherness and her relational and mediational importance in men's lives. Otherness, mediation, and relation characterize the role of metaphor in language and thought. This congruence between metaphor and women makes the metaphor of woman especially potent in man's conceptual economy.
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Siriam, Siriam, and Susana Widyastuti. "The translation of conceptual metaphor in political news." Diksi 31, no. 1 (March 27, 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/diksi.v31i1.56899.
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Metaphorical expressions (MEs) are abundant in political text and their translation poses challenges particularly for retaining the implicit meaning. This research focuses on examining the use of conceptual metaphors (CMs) in Indonesian political news and their English translation. The objectives are to identify types and the source domain of CMs and to explain how the CMs are translated. Grounding on mixed-methods, the data were metaphorical expressions in the Indonesian and English versions of Tempo weekly magazines in April, May, and June in 2021. Metaphor Identification Procedure (MIP) was applied to determine the metaphoricity of metaphors in the STs and Indonesian dictionary (KBBI) was also employed to avoid intuition decision-making. The results indicate that CMs are commonly used in political news in order to popularize, concretize, and dramatize issues. Structural metaphors are found as the most dominant type and twenty source domains are found in the STs with war metaphor as the most significant domain. In terms of the translation, the study demonstrates that non metaphorical translation is the most frequently used technique to render metaphors into English TT. As a result, the translation reduces the metaphoric function of the original expressions.Keywords: political news, conceptual metaphor, translation technique
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Stickles, Elise, Oana David, Ellen K. Dodge, and Jisup Hong. "Formalizing contemporary conceptual metaphor theory." Constructions and Frames 8, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 166–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cf.8.2.03sti.
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This paper describes an innovative formalization of Conceptual Metaphor Theory and its implementation in a structured metaphor repository. Central to metaphor analysis is the development of an internal structure of frames and relations between frames, based on an Embodied Construction Grammar framework, which then informs the structure of metaphors and relationships between metaphors. The hierarchical nature of metaphors and frames is made explicit, such that inferential information originating in embodied conceptual primitives is inherited throughout the network. The present analysis takes a data-driven approach, where lexical differences in linguistic expressions attested in naturally-occurring discourse lead to a continued refinement and expansion of our analyses.
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Nugraheny, Amanina, and Mia Rahmawati Yuwita. "Conceptual Metaphor in SZA's Song Lyrics." Mahadaya: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Budaya 3, no. 2 (October 30, 2023): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/mhd.v3i2.11289.
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The purpose of this study is to examine how conceptual metaphors are used by SZA in her song lyrics. Finding the source domain and target domain of the conceptual metaphors used in song lyrics is the main goal of this study. A descriptive qualitative research approach is used, which includes semantic analysis and conceptual metaphor mapping in song lyrics. The information used consists of five well-known SZA songs that were specifically chosen. The author defines conceptual metaphors in 5 lyrics from SZA's song. In the “Kill Bill” song there is 1 conceptual metaphor, in the “Snooze” song there are 2 conceptual metaphors, in the “The Weekend” song there 3 conceptual metaphors, in the “Nobody Gets Me” song there are 4 conceptual metaphors, and in the “Open Arms” song there is 1 conceptual metaphor. The research provides our understanding of how conceptual metaphor is used in song lyrics and shows the depth of creativity and artistic expression found in SZA's songs. The findings of this study may be helpful for future semantics and cultural studies research, as well as for developing a deeper understanding of both the complexity and the beauty of SZA's song lyrics.
Keywords: Conceptual metaphor, Lyrics, Songs, Semantics
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Subhan, Fazli, and Shuja Ahmad. "CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF PASHTO LOVE METAPHORS." Pakistan Journal of Social Research 04, no. 04 (December 31, 2022): 619–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i04.875.
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The traditional theories considered metaphor a rhetorical device only and claim that the purpose of metaphor is only beatification of language and the usage in poetic shaping and of words. But CMT (Conceptual Metaphor Theory) challenged this view and on the contrary they claim that metaphor is conceptual and that it is understanding one thing in terms of another. According to this theory, Metaphor is unavoidable inherent part of our conceptual system, reasoning, and speech that makes the world around us understandable and comprehendible for us. Conceptual metaphor theory is applied here in this research to identify, interpret and analyze the conceptual metaphors for love in Pashto language and culture. This research also establishes the entailment and mappings of these metaphorical linguistic expressions in different contexts and categorizes the Metaphorical linguistic expression for love in Pashto language into Structural, Orientational and Ontological metaphors. Keywords: Metaphor, Conceptual, Love, Pashto, Entailment, CMT.
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Boussaid, Youness. "Metaphor-Based Analysis of Joe Biden’s and George Washington’s Inaugural Speeches." International Journal of English Linguistics 12, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v12n3p1.
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This paper analyzes how conceptual metaphor is used as a persuasive tool in Joseph Biden’s and George Washington’s inaugural speeches. The speeches are analyzed using Conceptual Metaphor Theory. A source-based approach to metaphor analysis is adopted in this paper. Statistical findings are used to examine how metaphor is utilized to frame certain political topics. The study demonstrates that metaphor is a vital persuasive tool in political discourse. The use of conceptual metaphors persuades and appeals to people’s emotions. The paper shows that Biden utilized more conceptual metaphors than Washington. This indicates the need and importance Biden attaches to persuasive rhetoric of which the use of metaphor successfully provides and attains. The nature of conceptual metaphor in both speeches reveals the existence of diachronic differences in how metaphors were used. This metaphor variation which reflects changes in society is ascribed to the differences in ideologies and the zeitgeist of the two eras in which the speeches took place.
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Bingyu, Tang. "Analysis of Political Metaphors in Donald J. Trump’s State of the Union Address in 2020." English Literature and Language Review, no. 74 (December 3, 2021): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32861/ellr.74.69.73.
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On the basis of Conceptual Metaphor Theory proposed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson, this paper conducts a cognitive analysis of conceptual metaphors in Donald J. Trump’s State of the Union Address in 2020, aiming to explain the metaphors in the State of the Union Address, reveal the political intentions hidden behind the metaphors, and construe the relationship between politics and metaphor. It is found that the metaphors in this State of the Union Address are: CONFLICT metaphors, BUILDING metaphor, JOURNEY metaphors, ORIENTATIONAL metaphors, and PLANT metaphors. Through the analysis, this paper concludes that conceptual metaphor has the function of persuading the masses and shaping the image of politicians. At the same time, this paper also finds that politics restricts the choice and application of metaphor.
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S, Irzam Sarif, Yuyu Yohana Risagarniwa, and Nani Sunarni. "Conceptual Metaphor about Corona Virus: Cognitive Semantic Analysis." Eralingua: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Asing dan Sastra 5, no. 1 (February 14, 2021): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26858/eralingua.v5i1.13951.
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Abstract. Conceptual metaphors are the result of mental construction, conceptualization of the experience of human life. In Japanese, metaphorical features are often found in conveying information so that information can be easily understood. This study aimed to describe the conceptual metaphors found at the Japanese Prime Minister's Press Conference, Shinzo Abe on March 14 and 28, 2020 through the official website kantei.go.jp. The research method used was descriptive qualitative analysis. Data were collected by taking text that contained metaphorical elements and then selected. Data selection was based on the basic principle of metaphor, which was the mapping from the source domain to the target domain. Then the data were classified based on the type of metaphor by Lakoff and Johnson and the type of image scheme by Cruse and Croft. Based on the study done, there were three types of conceptual metaphors, 1) Structural metaphors with conceptuals meaning of enemy, medical treatment, control, and mind; 2) Orientational metaphors with conceptual meaning of disadvantage, and approval; 3) Ontological metaphors with conceptuals meaning of finance, and emotion. In addition, there were also six types of image schemes, namely the image scheme of Strength, Existence, Identity, Scale, Space, and Unity.Keywords: Conceptual Meaning, Press Conference, Cognitive Semantic, Image Scheme
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Păstae, Oana-Maria. "The conceptual metaphor of joy." JOURNAL OF LINGUISTIC AND INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29302/jolie.2019.12.1.10.
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The purpose of this paper is to study how ‘joy’, an emotional concept, is metaphorised in English from a cognitive perspective. It introduces the theoretical framework of Cognitive Linguistics, then briefly touches upon the definition of metaphor, the different types of conceptual metaphors and, finally, the conceptual metaphors of ‘joy’. We think in metaphors, which we learn very early. Our conceptual system, in terms of what we both think and act, is fundamentally metaphorical in nature (Lakoff, & Johnson 2003: 8). Lakoff and Johnson’s book Metaphors we live by changed the way linguists thought about metaphor. Conceptual Metaphor Theory was one of the earliest theoretical frameworks identified as part of the cognitive semantics enterprise and provided much of the early theoretical impetus for the cognitive approach. The basic premise of Conceptual Metaphor Theory is that metaphor is not simply a stylistic feature of language, but that thought itself is fundamentally metaphorical in nature. The cognitive model of joy can be described using the example of Lakoff for anger: JOY IS A FLUID IN A CONTAINER: She was bursting with joy; JOY IS HEAT/FIRE: Fires of joy were kindled by the birth of her son; joy is a natural force: I was overwhelmed by joy; JOY IS A SOCIAL SUPERIOR: If I ruled the world by joy; JOY IS AN OPPONENT: She was seized by joy; joy is a captive animal: All joy broke loose as the kids opened their presents; JOY IS INSANITY: The crowd went crazy with joy; JOY IS A FORCE DISLOCATING THE SELF: He was beside himself with joy.
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Khan, Sardaraz, and Roslan Ali. "DICHOTOMY OF LANGUAGE & THOUGHT IN THE INTERPRETATION OF METAPHOR IN THE QURAN." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 6, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 95–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp95-117.
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Previous literature either deciphered the literary and rhetorical aspects of metaphor or focused on its conceptual basis in the interpretation of the Quran. No attempt has so far been made to harness the linguistic and conceptual metaphor approaches to provide a comprehensive interpretation of the metaphors in the Quran. This paper reviews the existing literature on the interpretation of metaphor in the Quran from different theoretical perspectives. The review reveals that the application of different theoretical approaches has led to the dissociation of language and thought in the interpretation of metaphors. The linguistic approaches miss the bulk of conventional metaphors, while the cognitive approaches ignore the linguistic aspects of metaphor. The findings also reveal that the linguistic studies of metaphor concern themselves with the rhetorical beauty of the Holy Quran, while the conceptual metaphor studies explore the generic categorization of concepts. This paper calls for a more elaborate mechanism, which can account for both the linguistic and conceptual aspects of metaphor, to fill the gap between the linguistic and conceptual knowledge in the existing literature for a comprehensive interpretation of metaphors in the Quran.
Keywords: Cognitive models, conceptual metaphor, lexical concept, linguistic metaphor, majaz, metaphor.
Cite as: Sardaraz, K., & Ali, R. (2021). Dichotomy of language & thought in the interpretation of metaphor in the Quran. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 95-117. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp95-117
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Nirwana, Ika. "The Second and Final Presidential Debate of Donald Trump and Joe Biden: A Conceptual Metaphor Analysis." Journal of Literature, Linguistics, & Cultural Studies 2, no. 1 (July 24, 2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/lilics.v2i1.2658.
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This study discusses the conceptual metaphor employed in the second and final presidential debate between Donald Trump and Joe Biden. The debate revolved around each candidate's arguments regarding the advantages and disadvantages of their presidential candidacy. The research focuses on analyzing the meaning and various types of Conceptual Metaphors, namely Ontological Metaphor, Structural Metaphor, and Orientational Metaphor. A qualitative descriptive method was utilized to analyze the data, which was collected from the YouTube Channel featuring the debates. The researcher observed and studied the videos of both Donald Trump and Joe Biden's second and final presidential debates. The data was analyzed using Lakoff and Johnson's theory (2003). The study concludes that three types of conceptual metaphors were present in the debates. A total of 16 instances of conceptual metaphors were identified, including seven ontological metaphors, two structural metaphors, and seven orientational metaphors. While the ontological metaphor was the most prevalent, its meaning was not straightforward to interpret.
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Gutiérrez Pérez, Regina. "Teaching Conceptual Metaphors to EFL Learners in the European Space of Higher Education." European Journal of Applied Linguistics 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 87–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eujal-2015-0036.
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AbstractThe CEFR encourages a more effective international communication. Given that effective communication in a L2 involves the ability to use metaphors, this figure becomes of prime importance to the teaching of languages. The present study applies a methodology for teaching English metaphors and idioms following the tenets of Cognitive Linguistics (CL). It argues the importance of “metaphoric competence”, and, by a conceptual metaphor awareness method, it advocates the usefulness of teaching metaphors and idioms and its explicit inclusion in a language syllabus aimed at increasing proficiency in L2. This conceptual basis for language is almost entirely unavailable to L2 learners in course books and reference materials. This paper reviews the scope of metaphor and metaphoric competence in the context of second-language teaching and learning, and provides some tips on how to teach metaphors and idioms effectively in a foreign language context. By analizing the systematicity and experiential basis of the expressions subject of study, it offers some pedagogical suggestions and teaching material that can facilitate the acquisition of idiomatic expressions by raising awareness of the conceptual metaphors that underlie them.
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Ajduk Kurtović, Milea. "Metaphors of Love in the Novel Wuthering Heights and Its Translation." Društvene i humanističke studije (Online) 8, no. 3(24) (December 31, 2023): 259–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.51558/2490-3647.2023.8.3.259.
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The article is based on the general principles of the theory of conceptual metaphor and the theory of metaphor translation, and will describe the conceptual metaphors of LOVE in the novel Wuthering Heights and its translation, based on earlier studies in the field of conceptual metaphor analysis and cognitive linguistics, emphasizing metaphor as one of the most important rhetorical figures in a literature. The cognitive-linguistic contrastive analysis of the conceptual metaphor best indicates the problems in the presentation of literary metaphors, social and cultural differences between different languages, using methodological procedures that include the study of the corpus and the classification of metaphors that are based on the conceptualization of the LOVE entity in the original text. The aim of this research is therefore to point out the importance of metaphoricity and the entity LOVE in the conceptual field, as well as communication between two typologically different languages and the way in which these metaphors are realized.
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Navidi-Baghi, Sakineh, Ali Izanloo, Alireza Qaeminia, and Alireza Azad. "Metaphoric chains." Review of Cognitive Linguistics 19, no. 2 (October 11, 2021): 273–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rcl.00085.nav.
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Abstract The molecular structure of a complex metaphor comprises two or more atomic metaphorical parts, known as primary metaphors. In the same way, several molecular structures of metaphors may combine and form a mixture, known as mixed metaphors. In this study, different types of metaphoric integrations are reviewed and illustrated in figures to facilitate understanding the phenomena. Above all, we introduce double-ground metaphoric chain, a new form of metaphoric integration that has not been identified in the previous literature. Also, a distinction is made between single-ground and double-ground metaphoric chains. In the former, which has already been introduced, two basic metaphors are chained with the same form and have the same ground, while the latter includes two chained metaphors, one main metaphor plus a supportive one, with different grounds. In this analysis, we benefited from Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) to analyse double-ground metaphoric chains. This study suggests that each metaphoric integration leads to a multifaceted conceptualization, in which each facet is related to one of the constituent micro-metaphors.
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I Gede, Megantara. "THE TRANSLATION OF INDONESIAN CONCEPTUAL METAPHORS FOUND IN THE NOVEL TARIAN BUMI INTO ENGLISH." Lingua Scientia 24, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/ls.v24i2.18806.
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The study concerned on the translation analysis of Indonesian conceptual metaphors found in the novel Tarian Bumi into English as found in its translation novel entitled Earth Dance. The objectives of this study were to identify and analyze the types of Indonesian conceptual metaphor and the translation strategies applied in translating them. The data were the sentences and quotations which belonged to Indonesian conceptual metaphors found in the Indonesian novel Tarian Bumi and their translation products that were found in the novel Earth Dance. This study applied the theoretical framework proposed by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) in identifying and analyzing the Indonesian conceptual metaphors. Meanwhile, in revealing the translation strategies used by the translator of the novel, the study applied the theoretical framework proposed by Larson (1998). Based on observation, this study revealed that Tarian Bumi consisted of 102 Indonesian conceptual metaphors in which are divided into three types; 46 data (45%) were identified as structural metaphors, 40 data (39%) were ontological metaphors, and 16 (16%) data were orientational metaphor. Based on the investigation of translation strategy, it was found that the translator applied the strategy of translating metaphor into metaphor by 72 data found (70.6%), metaphor into non-figurative language by 26 data found (25.5%), and metaphor into simile by 4 data found (3.9%).
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Druta, Inga, Lidia Vieru, and Mariana Vlas. "Metaphor in Marketing Language." Philologia, no. 1(319) (May 2023): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52505/1857-4300.2023.1(319).01.
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From Aristotle to Roman Jakobson to George Lakoff, Mark Johnson and others, the concept of metaphor has undergone substantial changes. This paper deals with conceptual metaphor in marketing language. At the heart of metaphorical conceptualisations are mappings between different conceptual domains, linking a newer or more complex, more abstract domain with a more familiar or simpler, more accessible one. In addition to denotative terms, a vast network of conceptual metaphors operates in marketing language, helping to shape and understand its key concepts. The most numerous category of conceptual metaphors are created with the key marketing variables of product, brand, consumer, enterprise and promotion as their reference points. The most common metaphors in marketing language are the living organism metaphor, the war metaphor (including the sports metaphor), the anthropomorphic metaphor, the medical metaphor. Metaphor is not an isolated phenomenon, but a resource used systematically in marketing language, with a substantial role in building the economic reality of the field, facilitating the understanding of abstract and complex marketing concepts by analogy with familiar areas of experience.
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Lemghari, El Mustapha. "A metaphor-based account of semantic relations among proverbs." Cognitive Linguistic Studies 6, no. 1 (July 12, 2019): 158–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.00034.lem.
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Abstract The paper deals with semantic relations in the field of proverbs from the standpoint of Conceptual Metaphor Theory. Our main claim is that proverb understanding is conceptually complex, involving many construal operations, namely metaphor. Metaphor is assumed to play a crucial role in framing and relating proverbs to one another via various semantic relationships. Three semantic relations will be highlighted: synonymy, antonymy and polysemy. Synonymous proverbs will be shown to be structured by similar metaphors, whereas antonymous proverbs by contradictory metaphors. As regards polysemous proverbs, our focus will be on a specific polysemy, consisting of contradictory meanings. Overall, we will attempt to build a cognitive model for proverbs semantic relationships, based on three main assumptions: first, proverbs have relatively stable meaning. Second, rather than sharply distinct, conventionalized meaning and contextual meaning of proverbs form a continuum, residing in their common conceptual base. Third, such a common conceptual base is metaphor-dependent.
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Onysko, Alexander. "Conceptual metaphor variation in meaning interpretation." Metaphor Variation in Englishes around the World 4, no. 1 (September 22, 2017): 7–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cogls.4.1.02ony.
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Abstract This paper contributes to research on metaphor variation in the context of world Englishes from a theoretical and an empirical point of view. Starting with a discussion of the dissonance between universality and cultural specificity in conceptual metaphor research, basic dimensions of variation are outlined that are relevant to conceptual metaphor theory (CMT). These dimensions inform a continuum of variation in CMT that ranges from basic conceptualizations (as primary metaphors) to the surface level of language use (as metaphorical expressions). The empirical part of the paper takes heed of this continuum of variation and outlines the methodological choices relevant to the description of conceptual metaphors in an associative task. The data are based on meaning interpretations given to novel English compounds by Māori and non-Māori speakers of New Zealand English. The results of the task highlight that Māori-English bilinguals apply a greater range of different conceptual metaphors compared to non-Māori bilingual and monolingual speakers of English. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for further research on metaphor variation in Aotearoa New Zealand and world Englishes.
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Goranova, Slaveyah. "SIMILE AND METAPHOR IN MEDICAL ENGLISH." Годишник на Шуменския университет. Факултет по хуманитарни науки XXХIV A, no. 1 (December 12, 2023): 210–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46687/sbtb3240.
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In the present article, we focus on simile and explore, in the light of the Conceptual Metaphor Theory, its interconnectivity with metaphor in Medical English. Having juxtaposed simile and metaphor on the axes of truthfulness and meaning, we establish conceptual metaphor as the primordial nexus of the two. We do not attempt to deny or blur the differences between metaphors and similes as linguistic expressions; rather, we emphatically suggest that similes ought to be examined in the context of the conceptual metaphors they correspond to.
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ALHARBI, AHMED. "Exploring the Role of Part of Speech in the Formation of Conceptual Metaphors." British Journal of Applied Linguistics 3, no. 1 (June 11, 2023): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/bjal.2023.3.1.4.
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Most scholarly research on conceptual metaphor has been concerned with measuring the breadth with which a given conceptual metaphor is used in language, while there has been a lack of literature on how such metaphors are formulated in the first place or what parts of speech are typically involved in their construction. This paper aims to research the influence of word class on metaphor recognition and construction. Results of the study show that high-frequency noun keywords, especially those that denote abstract ideas and concepts, tend to be employed as major target domains for conceptual metaphors in discourse. In addition, they indicate that linguistic expressions of conceptual metaphors tend to take the form of verbs. They also prove that using a corpus-based approach offers a reliable means for determining what constitutes a conceptual metaphor.
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Fedotova, Oksana. "Conceptual-Metaphorical Representation in English Fiction Metadiscourse: Diachronic Aspect." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 10, no. 5 (November 3, 2021): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9103-2021-10-5-21-25.
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The paper deals with a very important aspect of communication – the fictional communication between the author of emotive prose and the reader. The research is based on the widely accepted thesis of a communicative nature of narrative. The author of the paper uses a popular nowadays term metadiscourse. The paper studies the diachronic aspect of conceptual-metaphoric representation in English fiction. The research shows that the conceptual metaphor is presented differently in the explicit and in the implicit dialogue of the author with the reader. The conceptual metaphors JOURNEY, BUILDING and GASTRONOMIC METAPHOR are characteristic of the explicit dialogue, whereas CONTAUNER mainly appears in the implicit dialogue.
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Połowniak-Wawrzonek, Dorota. "Metaphor in Cognitive Approach." Respectus Philologicus 26, no. 31 (October 25, 2014): 166–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/respectus.2014.26.31.13.
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The article presents issues relevant to the cognitive theory of metaphor developed by G. Lakoff and M. Johnson. The researchers suggest that metaphors are common. They are rooted in the experience, important in the perception of the world, thinking, acting, as revealed in the language. The metaphor of language is a reflection of a conceptual metaphor. Lakoff and Johnson point out that the metaphor of language occurs in the texts of various types, from the colloquial language to the specialist language. A metaphor carries out two important functions: explaining and facilitating understanding. It enables a partial understanding of some kind of experience in terms of another type of beings and experiences. Some issues such as the concept of love, metaphysical issues, become possible to understand only through metaphor. Thus, the thesis, which treats about necessity of metaphor, is significant. In the process of metaphorical cognition, there is a projection, which takes the source domain to the target domain. A thesis about invariant is important here. Metaphorical mapping is partial. At the root metaphor is structural similarity between domains or their correlations in our experience. Conceptual metaphors can create complex structural relationships. In the case of metaphor the thesis of one-way metaphorical mappings is as important as the thesis about her creative potential. Prominent semantics of conceptual metaphor cannot give full meaning in the literal paraphrase. Among the conceptual metaphors structural metaphors, orientation and ontological metaphors are characterized.
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Fan, Huiyue. "A Comparative Study of COVID-19 Metaphors in Chinese and Foreign Media Discourse." Frontiers in Business, Economics and Management 6, no. 2 (November 23, 2022): 248–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fbem.v6i2.3038.
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Traditional metaphor studies only analyze metaphor as a common linguistic phenomenon, thinking that metaphor is only a rhetorical phenomenon that modifies discourse. In fact, as Lakoff said, metaphor is a universal phenomenon, it is everywhere, Metaphor is pervasive in everyday life, not just in language but in thought and action. Lakoff’s conceptual metaphor theory is a new breakthrough for the linguistics community. Metaphor has since got rid of the shackles of traditional rhetoric, and has officially embarked on the road of investigation and research in cognitive linguistics and cognitive science. Lakoff said, “The essence of metaphor is under-standing and experiencing one kind of thing in terms of another.” There are many things in our real life that need to be expressed urgently, but due to the limitations of our thinking, the narrowness of our understanding or the accomplishments, the lack of expression makes us have to use metaphors to understand one thing from another. In 2020, COVID-19 broke out globally, and the major media of China and Western housing rushed to report the outbreak of COVID-19. It is impacting on economic and cultural life from all-round levels. The article studies COVID-19 from the perspective of conceptual metaphors, and aims to explore the kinds of conceptual metaphors. This article selects the two books of China Economic Weekly and The Economist as the research objects with some reports on COVID-19 in 2020, explores the conceptual metaphors related to COVID-19. The study has the following three findings: 1. In China Economic Weekly’s report on COVID-19, conceptual metaphors contain war metaphors and human metaphor. 2. In The Economist’s report on COVID-19, the mainstream reports mainly coverage war metaphor. 3. Understanding the similarities and differences in Chinese and foreign media of the conceptual metaphors on COVID-19 in the discourse. The purpose of this research is to provide readers with better ideas for understanding discourse reports, and to understand ideological concepts from a deeper perspective.
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Peng, Yunfei. "Conceptual Metaphor Analysis of The Great Gatsby." Journal of Education and Educational Research 3, no. 2 (May 31, 2023): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/jeer.v3i2.9015.
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Lakoff and Johnson's Metaphor We Live By published in 1980 has made the study of metaphor from the perspective of cognitive linguistics a new development and become a hot research topic. Metaphor is no longer limited to a simple rhetorical device used in literature, but a cognitive mode connected with our way of thinking and perceptual experience. Its essence is to use one thing to understand another thing and people use metaphors to understand and create connections between two different things. The Great Gatsby, written by Francis Scott Fitzgerald, is one of the greatest American works of the 20th century and is full of metaphors, which are the key to building the profound meaning of the book. It paints a panorama of the Jazz Age and the disillusionment of the American Dream. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, this paper studies the metaphor of classic sentences in this book, hoping to help readers better understand this book. At the same time, the interpretation of conceptual metaphor theory based on text is helpful for us to grasp the daily application of metaphor effectively.
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Nguyen, Luu Diep Anh. "Conceptual Metaphor “Media is Fire”." Proceedings of the AsiaCALL International Conference 4 (November 21, 2023): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54855/paic.2345.
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This study aims to explore the metaphorical concept of "MEDIA AS FIRE" in both Vietnamese and English from the perspective of Cognitive Linguistics. This research utilizes the Metaphor Identification Procedure of the Pragglejaz Group (2007), in conjunction with descriptive approaches, statistical analysis, and classification strategies, to scrutinize the conceptual metaphor "Media is Fire" and its underlying metaphors. A total of 193 metaphorical expressions from media discourse are examined (113 in Vietnamese and 80 in English), revealing three primary cognitive models: "Media is Heat," " The ability to transmit the energy of Media is the ability to transmit energy of Fire," and "Media is Burning," along with the mapping mechanism from the source domain to the target domain. Furthermore, this research emphasizes the similarities and differences in the conceptualization of fire-related metaphors between the two languages. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for teaching, learning, and translating conceptual metaphors, thereby enhancing cross-cultural communication skills for Vietnamese English learners."
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Hemphill, Christy. "Dressing for Spiritual Battle and Other Challenges: Translating Passages with Underlying Conceptual Metaphors." Journal of Translation 15, no. 1 (2019): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54395/jot-6j9c9.
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Traditionally, the approach to translating metaphor in Scripture assumed that metaphors are descriptive literary devices with an underlying “literal meaning.” Research in cognitive linguistics has challenged this idea, and a new field of study, conceptual metaphor theory, has emerged. Conceptual metaphor theory draws a distinction between image metaphors, where a target is described in comparison to a source, and conceptual metaphors, where an abstract or complex conceptual domain is actually understood in terms of a more concrete or familiar conceptual domain drawn from embodied human experience. This paper examines the importance of identifying conceptual metaphors and analyzing their accessibility when translating Scripture. Translators who encounter figurative language derived from underlying conceptual metaphors that are not culturally conventional may try to convert the mapped elements of the source domain into a series of descriptive image metaphors. This skewing of meaning could be mitigated if translators were trained to identify conceptual metaphors licensing figurative language and consider making them explicit. As a case study, a translation of Ephesian 6:13–17 in Tlacoapa Meꞌphaa (tpl) produced by a translator guided by Paratext notes and trained in the traditional approach to the translation of metaphors (Larson 1984) is compared with a second translation produced after encouragement to make the underlying conceptual metaphor PREPARATION IS GETTING DRESSED explicit at the beginning of the passage.
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Martins, Helena. "Novel metaphor and conceptual stability." DELTA: Documentação de Estudos em Lingüística Teórica e Aplicada 22, spe (2006): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-44502006000300010.
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This paper discusses three radically different approaches to the issue of novel metaphor: the classic view, according to which metaphor is itself defined by its novelty with respect to our established conceptual systems; the cognitivist view, in which novel conceptual metaphors are considered a possible but relatively rare phenomenon; and the deconstructionist view, in which novelty in metaphor is seen as either impossible or a non-issue. The possibility of reconciling valuable insights yielded in each of these approaches is explored, and the case is made for taking the matter under a non-representationalist, Wittgensteinian angle.
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Sweetser, Eve, and Karen Sullivan. "Minimalist metaphors." English Text Construction 5, no. 2 (November 23, 2012): 153–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/etc.5.2.01swe.
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We suggest that the impact of metaphoric language does not depend entirely on the conceptual metaphor that is evoked, nor on the form the metaphoric language takes, but also on the steps involved in evoking a given metaphor. This is especially apparent in minimalist poetry. Readers are given hints, cultural conventions, or no guidance at all, on how to fill in missing metaphoric domains and mappings. We place minimalist metaphors at the “effortful” end of the cline proposed by Stockwell (1992), and suggest that the other end can be associated with maximalist metaphors, which corral the reader into a highly specific interpretation. The degree of minimalism or maximalism depends on the specific mappings that are linguistically indicated, the degree of conventionalization of the metaphor, and reliance on cultural background knowledge.
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Mitsiaki, Maria. "INVESTIGATING METAPHOR IN MODERN GREEK INTERNET MEMES:." Revista Brasileira de Alfabetização, no. 12 (July 27, 2020): 73–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.47249/rba.2020.v.432.
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Internet memes are a quite recent web-genre that makes use of metaphorical conceptualizations and humor. This paper draws on data from humorous metaphors in a small corpus of Greek memes posted on Facebook. The analysis suggests that common conventional metaphors underlie memes, such as emotions are forces, human body is a machine, and people are animals; however, several novel conceptualizations arise, fused into conceptual blends: coronavirus is war, low-paid is diseased, natural forces are people. The findings are interpreted in the light of the cognitive theory of metaphor and humor and they are discussed in terms of contextualizing metaphor and developing metaphoric competence or conceptual fluency within discourse-based L2 learning contexts.
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Reza, Muhammad. "Metaphor in Mark Forster's Album LIEBE S/W." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 1998–2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v4i2.1888.
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This study is a cognitive semantic analysis of the conceptual metaphor of the song lyrics in Mark Forster's album Liebe S/W. The method used is descriptive qualitative. The theories used are the conceptual metaphor theory (CMT) by Lakoff&Johnson (2003) as the main theory and image schema theory by Croft & Cruse (2004). The data sources in this study were taken from the lyrics of 14 German songs from the album Liebe S/W (2019) by Mark Forster. This study was carried out for the purpose of describing the characteristics of the metaphors, the types of conceptual metaphors and image schemes contained in the song lyrics in the album. Mark Forster's cognition as a singer-songwriter on the album can be seen with this study through a conceptual metaphor approach. Based on the results of the research, it is found as many as 52 data containing metaphorical expressions. Based on the analysis in accordance with Saeed's theory as a metaphor characteristic theory, it shows that there are 13 data with abstraction,15 data with conventionality, 9 data with systematicity, and 15 data with asymmetry. The ontological metaphors is the most dominant in the album. Data analysis using the Lakoff&Johnson theory shows that the conceptual metaphors are found as many as 32 ontological metaphors, 15 orientational metaphors, and 5 structural metaphors. The image schemes found are 20 containers, 4 multiplicities, 4 existences, 5 identites, 12 spaces and 1 scale. Some patterns were found based on theories, 1) metaphors with the characteristics of abstraction and asymmetry have ontological, orientational and structural conceptual metaphors with all types of image schemes. 2) metaphors with conventional characteristics only have ontological conceptual metaphor type with some image schemes, except multiplicity. 3) metaphors with systematic characteristics have ontological and orientation conceptual metaphors with image schemes, except identity and scale.
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RASSE, CARINA, ALEXANDER ONYSKO, and FRANCESCA M. M. CITRON. "Conceptual metaphors in poetry interpretation: a psycholinguistic approach." Language and Cognition 12, no. 2 (February 28, 2020): 310–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/langcog.2019.47.
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ABSTRACTPsycholinguistic research has shown that conceptual metaphors influence how people produce and understand language (e.g., Gibbs, 1994, 2017a; Kövecses, 2015; Jacobs & Kinder, 2017). So far, investigations have mostly paid attention to non-poetic metaphor comprehension. This focus stems from the original discovery of Conceptual Metaphor Theory that much of everyday, non-poetic language is metaphorical. The present study aims to expand this focus and explores whether people access conceptual metaphors during poetry interpretation. To answer this question, we conducted a psycholinguistic experiment in which 38 participants, all native speakers of English, completed two tasks. In each task, participants read excerpts of poetry containing conceptual metaphors before selecting or rating items that indicated their implicit and explicit awareness of the conceptual metaphors. The results of both tasks show that participants retrieve conceptual metaphors when reading poetry. This provides empirical evidence in favor of the idea that crucial aspects of poetic thought and language arise from conceptual metaphor.
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Gibbs, Raymond W., and Elaine Chen. "Metaphor and the automatic mind." Metaphor and the Social World 8, no. 1 (May 7, 2018): 40–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.16026.gib.
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Abstract When people produce or understand verbal metaphors, and metaphoric gestures, do they do so automatically or with conscious deliberation? Metaphor scholars widely recognize that the answer to this question depends on several factors, including the specific kind of metaphor that was produced or understood. But many scholars assume that the automatic use of metaphor involves the simple retrieval of its figurative meaning, without having to draw any cross-domain mappings. We argue that automaticity in behavior, such as when using verbal metaphors, actually involves many complex embodied and conceptual processes, even if these may operate quickly and without conscious attention. This article reviews the evidence for this claim, and considers other attempts to explore automaticity in metaphoric experiences, such as in 20th-century automatic writing practices. Our argument provides another set of reasons, from cognitive science research, to reject simplistic assumptions that automatic metaphor behavior is necessarily different in kind from more conscious metaphor use and understanding.
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Kövecses, Zoltán. "Metaphoric Conceptual Pathways." Cognitive Semantics 7, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 135–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23526416-07010003.
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Abstract When we are engaged in metaphorical conceptualization online, we create and comprehend a metaphorical contextual meaning through an expression with a more basic, literal meaning. How does this process happen? I cannot answer this question as a psychologist or psycholinguist would; I attempt to answer it from the perspective of a cognitive linguist, and ask: What are the specific figurative devices (metaphors and metonymies) that the process requires in an act of metaphorical conceptualization? I propose that there is not a single device on a single level of conceptualization but several such devices on several levels participating in every act of metaphor use. Furthermore, I suggest that the participating devices constitute conceptual hierarchies that are different for correlation-based and resemblance-based metaphors. I call such hierarchies of figurative devices “metaphoric conceptual pathways.” Finally, I contend that these conceptual pathways emerge in and are shaped by several different context types.
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Sun, Xinxin. "Analysis on the Translation of Conceptual Metaphors in the Report on the Work of the Government of 2021." Frontiers in Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 7 (July 20, 2022): 74–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/fhss.v2i7.1310.
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In recent years, Chinese scholars have made many researches in-depth on conceptual metaphor and translation. Nowadays, people pay more and more attention to political life, and political texts have more important significance for people. So according to Lakoff's conceptual metaphor theory as the foundation, analyze the report on the work of the government which released in March 2021 for conceptual metaphor translation, to discuss the annual government work report in conceptual metaphor types and frequency, It also discusses the translation characteristics of relevant conceptual metaphors in English.
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Truc, Tran Thi Thanh. "Source Domain “war” in American English business news discourse." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 4, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v4i2.556.
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Conceptual metaphor can be understood as the mapping between two conceptual domains whereas the linguistic metaphor is the linguistic expression of the mapping. Conceptual metaphor is the system of ideas mapped according to the perception of human being about life and expressed by linguistic metaphor. Conceptual metaphor with source domain WAR is one of the most common metaphors used in American English business news discourse. In conceptual metaphor model BUSINESS IS WAR, it can be found many words related to war such as ‘attack’, ‘withdraw’, ‘invade’, ‘besiege’, ‘fight’, ‘win’, ‘defense’, etc... which are used in business news discourse. Through the mapping of this metaphor model, companies can be seen as the military in a war; the businessmen correspond to the soldiers in a fight, and the battles are conceived as competitions on price and market share. This result is similar to the conclusion about conceptual metaphor of ARGUMENT IS WAR by Lakoff & Johnson, which mentions that the use of war metaphors to understand the source domain of ARGUMENT is not accidental. The authors argue that while there is no physical battle, there is a verbal battle and the structure of a debate (including attack, defense, counterattack, etc.) reflects this.
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Al-Azary, Hamad. "Metaphor Wars: Conceptual Metaphors in Human Life." Metaphor and Symbol 34, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 262–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10926488.2019.1683962.
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Browse, Sam. "Revisiting Text World Theory and extended metaphor: Embedding and foregrounding extended metaphors in the text-worlds of the 2008 financial crash." Language and Literature: International Journal of Stylistics 25, no. 1 (February 2016): 18–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963947015608969.
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It has long been recognised that metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon, but also has important cognitive dimensions. To find evidence that metaphor is an important feature of the human conceptual system, cognitive linguists have often searched for clusters of metaphor in discourse that manifest a single conceptual metaphor. As Werth points out, however, in addition to clustering, metaphors can be sustained throughout a discourse. The subtle conceptual effects of these extended metaphors are of particular interest to researchers working in the field of stylistics. In this article, I build on Werth’s account of extended metaphor to explore in more detail these sustained conceptual effects. Like Werth, I draw on Text World Theory to outline a text-world approach to extended metaphor, proposing the idea of a ‘source-world’ to account for how individual, clause-level metaphors combine across a discourse to create a discourse-level conceptual structure. I argue that the source-worlds of extended metaphor are anchored in the text-world structures discourse participants create as they engage with a text and that this embedding of extended metaphor in the discourse gives rise to some of the subtle conceptual effects to which Werth alludes. Building on work by Gavins, Steen, Stockwell and Sullivan, I also argue that source-worlds can be more or less foregrounded or pushed into the background of discourse participants’ mental representations of the text and I propose a linguistic framework to account for the phenomenon of extended metaphor foregrounding. I illustrate extended metaphor embedding and foregrounding by analysing a newspaper opinion piece by Matthew D’Ancona entitled ‘Gordon Brown with siren suit and cigar’.