Journal articles on the topic 'Conceptual landscape models'
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1
Brudvig, Lars A., Shawn J. Leroux, Cécile H. Albert, Emilio M. Bruna, Kendi F. Davies, Robert M. Ewers, Douglas J. Levey, Renata Pardini, and Julian Resasco. "Evaluating conceptual models of landscape change." Ecography 40, no. 1 (November 30, 2016): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ecog.02543.
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Westervelt, James, and Jeffery Holland. "Conceptual user interface for the land management system." Journal of Hydroinformatics 4, no. 2 (March 1, 2002): 99–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2002.0011.
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This paper explores the conceptual user interface requirements of the Land Management System (LMS), a next-generation system designed to support the development of location-specific landscape/watershed management oriented simulation models. Currently available landscape/watershed models tend to be discipline-specific, focusing only on hydrology, ecology, social, economic or agronomic aspects of the landscape's subsystems. Feedback loops among the different subsystems tend be ignored, and this can result in long-term predictions that may not be useful. LMS will provide landscape and watershed managers with sets of software modules that can be linked together to represent and simulate unique local conditions. A design challenge of LMS is to develop a user interface that makes it possible for a watershed/landscape manager to develop and use multidisciplinary spatially explicit landscape simulation models that retain the scientific rigour of current scientist-oriented simulation models. This paper outlines a solution in response to that challenge.
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Drăguţ, Lucian, Ulrich Walz, and Thomas Blaschke. "The third and fourth dimensions of landscape: Towards conceptual models of topographically complex landscapes." Landscape Online 22 (November 18, 2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3097/lo.201022.
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Relating spatial patterns to ecological processes is one of the central goals of landscape ecology. The patch-corridor-matrix model and landscape metrics have been the predominant approach to describe the spatial arrangement of discrete elements ("patches") for the last two decades. However, the widely used approach of using landscape metrics for characterizing categorical map patterns is connected with a number of problems. We aim at stimulating further developments in the field of the analysis of spatio-temporal landscape patterns by providing both a critical review of existing techniques and clarifying their pros and cons as well as demonstrating how to extent common approaches in landscape ecology (e.g. the patch-corridor-matrix model). The extension into the third dimension means adding information on the relief and height of vegetation, while the fourth dimension means the temporal, dynamic aspect of landscapes. The contribution is structured around three main topics: the third dimension of landscapes, the fourth dimension of landscapes, and spatial and temporal scales in landscape analysis. Based on the results of a symposium on this theme at the IALE conference in 2009 in Salzburg and a literature review we emphasize the need to add topographic information into evaluations of landscape structure, the appropriate consideration of scales; and to consider the ambiguity and even contradiction between landscape metrics.
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Van Dyke, Chris. "Boxing daze – using state-and-transition models to explore the evolution of socio-biophysical landscapes." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 39, no. 5 (May 17, 2015): 594–621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133315581700.
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Critical physical geography (CPG) proposes to bridge the lingering gap between human and physical geographers. To rejuvenate conversations among different corners of the discipline about the possibility of trans-disciplinary collaboration, CPG must provide unique epistemological, methodological, and conceptual frameworks that human and physical geographers alike will find appealing, relevant, and timely. These should help them perceptively characterize, narrate, and anticipate changes in socio-biophysical landscapes. This paper outlines a conceptual framework that can be harnessed in future CPG studies and reflects on what it means to be a critical geographer. To solve the epistemological dilemmas confronting CPG, this paper demonstrates that state-and-transition models (STMs) can provide a unifying framework to address questions about socio-biophysical landscape evolution. Originally developed to account for nonlinear dynamics in rangeland ecosystems, STMs have been used to analyze a variety of ecological, geomorphic, and hydrological transitions in complex biophysical landscapes. STMs have epistemological commonalities with explanatory frameworks pioneered by political ecologists, and while thus far they have been used to account for complex biophysical dynamics, they can be expanded to accommodate critical investigations of the social dynamics underpinning landscape change. By foregrounding the transitional dynamics of socio-biophysical landscape – a theme that has interested physical and critical human geographers – STMs establish a conceptual space in which to holistically interpret the interacting drivers that underwrite socio-biophysical landscape change.
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Pulsford, Stephanie A., David B. Lindenmayer, and Don A. Driscoll. "Reptiles and frogs conform to multiple conceptual landscape models in an agricultural landscape." Diversity and Distributions 23, no. 12 (September 14, 2017): 1408–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ddi.12628.
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Fries, Clas, Mattias Carlsson, Bo Dahlin, Tomas Lämås, and Ola Sallnäs. "A review of conceptual landscape planning models for multiobjective forestry in Sweden." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 28, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x97-204.
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This paper reviews the approaches to multiple objective landscape planning that have developed in Swedish forestry in the 1990s. The objectives of such planning include primarily timber production and maintenance of biodiversity, but also aspects such as aesthetics and recreation. The variety of approaches and models that have emerged is caused by regional differences in land-use history, forest conditions, recreation pressure, and ownership. We distinguish three approaches: The species approach and the naturalness approach integrate conservation aspects, while the multiple aspects approach integrates several aspects (biological, social, economic, spiritual, etc.) into commercial timber-producing forestry. The species approach is exemplified by the key habitat - corridor model in which key habitats and corridors are preserved to support certain species. The natural landscape model illustrates an example of the naturalness approach, as it integrates natural forest features from a fire-disturbed landscape and gives examples of management implications at the landscape as well as at the stand level. The multiple aspects approach combines several objectives and defines important structures rather loosely. This approach was developed in areas where private nonindustrial forestry dominates. Nontimber and nonconservation aspects therefore become relevant to forest management. The supportive feature model exemplifies an application of that approach.
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Johnson, Rex R., Diane A. Granfors, Neal D. Niemuth, Michael E. Estey, and Ronald E. Reynolds. "Delineating Grassland Bird Conservation Areas in the U.S. Prairie Pothole Region." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2010): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/jfwm-022.
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Abstract Conservation of birds is increasingly focused on the importance of landscape characteristics to sustain populations. Implementing conservation on a landscape scale requires reliable spatial models that provide biological context for conservation actions. Before species-specific models relating grassland birds to their habitat at landscape scales existed, we created a conceptual model and applied it to spatial data to identify priority grassland habitats for the protection and restoration of populations of area sensitive grassland birds in the Prairie Pothole Region. Since that time, these Grassland Bird Conservation Areas have been widely used to guide conservation, and variations of these models have been adopted in other regions; however, the process used to delineate them (i.e., the conceptual models) is poorly understood by many users. We describe that process here and offer perspectives on the utility and limitations of conceptual models, especially on the value of making assumptions that commonly underlie management decisions explicitly, thereby making the assumptions testable, and hopefully increasing management transparency, credibility, and efficiency.
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Cullum, Carola, Gary Brierley, George LW Perry, and Ed TF Witkowski. "Landscape archetypes for ecological classification and mapping." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 41, no. 1 (October 24, 2016): 95–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133316671103.
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We propose the use of archetypes as a way of moving between conceptual framings, empirical observations and the dichotomous classification rules upon which maps are based. An archetype is a conceptualisation of an entire category or class of objects. Archetypes can be framed as abstract exemplars of classes, conceptual models linking form and process and/or tacit mental models similar to those used by field scientists to identify and describe landforms, soils and/or units of vegetation. Archetypes can be existing taxonomic or landscape units or may involve new combinations of landscape attributes developed for a specific purpose. As landscapes themselves defy precise categorisation, archetypes, as considered here, are deliberately vague, and are described in general terms rather than in terms of the details that characterise a particular instance of a class. An example outlining the use of archetypes for landscape classification and mapping is demonstrated for granitic catenas in Kruger National Park, South Africa. Some 81% of the study area can be described in terms of archetypal catenal elements. However, spatial clustering of two classes that did not correspond to the archetypes prompted development of new archetypes. We show how the archetypes encoded in the map can be used to frame further knowledge in an ongoing, iterative and adaptive process. Building on this, we reflect on the value of vagueness in conservation science and management, highlighting how archetypes that are used to interpret and map landscapes may be better employed in the future.
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Batista, Pedro V. G., Peter Fiener, Simon Scheper, and Christine Alewell. "A conceptual-model-based sediment connectivity assessment for patchy agricultural catchments." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 26, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 3753–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-3753-2022.
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Abstract. The accelerated sediment supply from agricultural soils to riverine and lacustrine environments leads to negative off-site consequences. In particular, the sediment connectivity from agricultural land to surface waters is strongly affected by landscape patchiness and the linear structures that separate field parcels (e.g. roads, tracks, hedges, and grass buffer strips). Understanding the interactions between these structures and sediment transfer is therefore crucial for minimising off-site erosion impacts. Although soil erosion models can be used to understand lateral sediment transport patterns, model-based connectivity assessments are hindered by the uncertainty in model structures and input data. Specifically, the representation of linear landscape features in numerical soil redistribution models is often compromised by the spatial resolution of the input data and the quality of the process descriptions. Here we adapted the Water and Tillage Erosion Model and Sediment Delivery Model (WaTEM/SEDEM) using high-resolution spatial data (2 m × 2 m) to analyse the sediment connectivity in a very patchy mesoscale catchment (73 km2) of the Swiss Plateau. We used a global sensitivity analysis to explore model structural assumptions about how linear landscape features (dis)connect the sediment cascade, which allowed us to investigate the uncertainty in the model structure. Furthermore, we compared model simulations of hillslope sediment yields from five subcatchments to tributary sediment loads, which were calculated with long-term water discharge and suspended sediment measurements. The sensitivity analysis revealed that the assumptions about how the road network (dis)connects the sediment transfer from field blocks to water courses had a much higher impact on modelled sediment yields than the uncertainty in model parameters. Moreover, model simulations showed a higher agreement with tributary sediment loads when the road network was assumed to directly connect sediments from hillslopes to water courses. Our results ultimately illustrate how a high-density road network combined with an effective drainage system increases sediment connectivity from hillslopes to surface waters in agricultural landscapes. This further highlights the importance of considering linear landscape features and model structural uncertainty in soil erosion and sediment connectivity research.
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Palang, Hannes, Theo Spek, and Marie Stenseke. "Digging in the past: New conceptual models in landscape history and their relevance in peri-urban landscapes." Landscape and Urban Planning 100, no. 4 (April 2011): 344–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2011.01.012.
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Savenije, H. H. G. "HESS Opinions "Topography driven conceptual modelling (FLEX-Topo)"." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 12 (December 23, 2010): 2681–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-2681-2010.
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Abstract. Heterogeneity and complexity of hydrological processes offer substantial challenges to the hydrological modeller. Some hydrologists try to tackle this problem by introducing more and more detail in their models, or by setting-up more and more complicated models starting from basic principles at the smallest possible level. As we know, this reductionist approach leads to ever higher levels of equifinality and predictive uncertainty. On the other hand, simple, lumped and parsimonious models may be too simple to be realistic or representative of the dominant hydrological processes. In this commentary, a new approach is proposed that tries to find the middle way between complex distributed and simple lumped modelling approaches. Here we try to find the right level of simplification while avoiding over-simplification. Paraphrasing Einstein, the maxim is: make a model as simple as possible, but not simpler than that. The approach presented is process based, but not physically based in the traditional sense. Instead, it is based on a conceptual representation of the dominant physical processes in certain key elements of the landscape. The essence of the approach is that the model structure is made dependent on a limited number of landscape classes in which the topography is the main driver, but which can include geological, geomorphological or land-use classification. These classes are then represented by lumped conceptual models that act in parallel. The advantage of this approach over a fully distributed conceptualisation is that it retains maximum simplicity while taking into account observable landscape characteristics.
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Gharari, S., M. Hrachowitz, F. Fenicia, and H. H. G. Savenije. "Hydrological landscape classification: investigating the performance of HAND based landscape classifications in a central European meso-scale catchment." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 11 (November 3, 2011): 3275–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3275-2011.
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Abstract. This paper presents a detailed performance and sensitivity analysis of a recently developed hydrological landscape classification method based on dominant runoff mechanisms. Three landscape classes are distinguished: wetland, hillslope and plateau, corresponding to three dominant hydrological regimes: saturation excess overland flow, storage excess sub-surface flow, and deep percolation. Topography, geology and land use hold the key to identifying these landscapes. The height above the nearest drainage (HAND) and the surface slope, which can be easily obtained from a digital elevation model, appear to be the dominant topographical controls for hydrological classification. In this paper several indicators for classification are tested as well as their sensitivity to scale and resolution of observed points (sample size). The best results are obtained by the simple use of HAND and slope. The results obtained compared well with the topographical wetness index. The HAND based landscape classification appears to be an efficient method to ''read the landscape'' on the basis of which conceptual models can be developed.
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Cullum, Carola, Kevin H. Rogers, Gary Brierley, and Ed T. F. Witkowski. "Ecological classification and mapping for landscape management and science." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 40, no. 1 (October 27, 2015): 38–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133315611573.
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There is growing demand for biogeographical landscape classifications and ecological maps that describe patterns of spatially co-varying biotic and abiotic ecosystem components. This demand is fuelled by increasing data availability and processing capacity, by institutional practices of land and water resource management and planning and by the growth of transdisciplinary science that requires the development of a shared conceptual framework through which to view landscape character and behaviour. Despite the widespread use of ecological maps, and the extent to which they have become embedded in institutional practice, policy and law, no standard approach to ecosystem mapping has emerged, such that there are many valid ways of mapping the same landscape. Consensus is possible only when there is agreement on the spatial entities to be mapped. We propose a way of defining such entities and identifying them in any given landscape. Landscapes are conceived in terms of a conceptual biophysical template that constrains a wide range of ecological processes at various hierarchical levels. The template is conceived as comprising co-evolved associations of soils, vegetation, topography and hydrology that form a dynamic mosaic characteristic of a particular topographic, climatic and geological context that is continually being shaped by many perturbations. We synthesise themes from vegetation, soil and river sciences, using hierarchy theory to frame a perspective that facilitates the definition of mappable landscape entities at three hierarchical levels of organisation. These entities are conceived as archetypal structural-functional units, with form and process linked in conceptual models that underpin each archetype. We describe how our approach has been used to map ecological entities in Kruger National Park, South Africa, showing how the proposed framework integrates key system components, providing transparent foundations for transdisciplinary approaches to landscape management and science.
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Gharari, S., F. Fenicia, M. Hrachowitz, and H. H. G. Savenije. "Land classification based on hydrological landscape units." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 3 (May 2, 2011): 4381–425. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-4381-2011.
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Abstract. This paper presents a new type of hydrological landscape classification based on dominant runoff mechanisms. Three landscape classes are distinguished: wetland, hillslope and plateau, corresponding to three dominant hydrological regimes: saturation excess overland flow, storage excess sub-surface flow, and deep percolation. Topography, geology and land use hold the key to identifying these landscapes. The height above the nearest drain (HAND) and the surface slope, which can be readily obtained from a digital elevation model, appear to be the dominant topographical parameters for hydrological classification. In this paper several indicators for classification are tested as well as their sensitivity to scale and sample size. It appears that the best results are obtained by the simple use of HAND and slope. The results obtained compare well with field observations and the topographical wetness index. The new approach appears to be an efficient method to "read the landscape" on the basis of which conceptual models can be developed.
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Fritsch, E., and RW Fitzpatrick. "Interpretation of soil features produced by ancient and modern processes in degraded landscapes .1. A new method for constructing conceptual soil-water-landscape models." Soil Research 32, no. 5 (1994): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9940889.
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A pedo-hydrological method which involves interpreting features in soils that result from both ancient and modern processes along toposequences in a subcatchment of the Mt Lofty Ranges, South Australia, is used to construct conceptual soil-water-landscape models. This method links soil-landscape features to soil-water processes with strong emphasis on: (i) soil water-flow systems and (ii) soil-forming and soil-change processes. The conceptual model illustrates the interactions between soil processes acting in soil water-flow systems. This model is able to predict future modes of soil-landscape evolution under changing environmental conditions. As well, it may be used by land and water supply managers to develop more efficient management strategies under conditions of increasing land degradation (e.g. erosion and water pollution). A typical Palexeralf-Natraqualf hydro-toposequence of soils (i.e. catena consisting of red-yellow-grey duplex soils) is used as an example to illustrate this new approach. The landscape selected is undergoing severe soil degradation (i.e. waterlogging, dryland salinity, erosion and water pollution). The constructed conceptual soil-water-landscape model is the result of detailed pedo-hydrological investigations along toposequences in a representative subcatchment in the high rainfall zone (>600 mm) of the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. The model illustrates in graphic form interactions between three soil water-flow systems (freely drained red soil system, hydromorphic topsoil system, hydromorphic subsoil system) and eight soil processes (saprolitization, ferralitization, glaebulization, redoximorphism, eluviation/illuviation, salinization/solonization, sulfidization/sulfuricization and water erosion). The study demonstrates that this whole ecosystem has been placed into disequilibrium thereby developing severe land degradation problems as a result of rising saline sulfatic ground watertables and perched watertables due to land-clearing since European settlement. The purpose of this paper is to provide a methodology framework and overall summary for other papers in a series dealing essentially with detailed field and laboratory investigations of individual soil-water processes.
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Fritsch, E., and RW Fitzpatrick. "Colour plates - Interpretation of soil features produced by ancient and modern processes in degraded landscapes .1. A new method for constructing conceptual soil-water-landscape models." Soil Research 32, no. 5 (1994): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9940880.
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A pedo-hydrological method which involves interpreting features in soils that result from both ancient and modern processes along toposequences in a subcatchment of the Mt Lofty Ranges, South Australia, is used to construct conceptual soil-water-landscape models. This method links soil-landscape features to soil-water processes with strong emphasis on: (i) soil water-flow systems and (ii) soil-forming and soil-change processes. The conceptual model illustrates the interactions between soil processes acting in soil water-flow systems. This model is able to predict future modes of soil-landscape evolution under changing environmental conditions. As well, it may be used by land and water supply managers to develop more efficient management strategies under conditions of increasing land degradation (e.g. erosion and water pollution). A typical Palexeralf-Natraqualf hydro-toposequence of soils (i.e. catena consisting of red-yellow-grey duplex soils) is used as an example to illustrate this new approach. The landscape selected is undergoing severe soil degradation (i.e. waterlogging, dryland salinity, erosion and water pollution). The constructed conceptual soil-water-landscape model is the result of detailed pedo-hydrological investigations along toposequences in a representative subcatchment in the high rainfall zone (>600 mm) of the Mount Lofty Ranges, South Australia. The model illustrates in graphic form interactions between three soil water-flow systems (freely drained red soil system, hydromorphic topsoil system, hydromorphic subsoil system) and eight soil processes (saprolitization, ferralitization, glaebulization, redoximorphism, eluviation/illuviation, salinization/solonization, sulfidization/sulfuricization and water erosion). The study demonstrates that this whole ecosystem has been placed into disequilibrium thereby developing severe land degradation problems as a result of rising saline sulfatic ground watertables and perched watertables due to land-clearing since European settlement. The purpose of this paper is to provide a methodology framework and overall summary for other papers in a series dealing essentially with detailed field and laboratory investigations of individual soil-water processes.
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Savenije, H. H. G. "<i>HESS Opinions</i> "Topography driven conceptual modelling (FLEX-Topo)"." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 4 (July 15, 2010): 4635–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-4635-2010.
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Abstract. Heterogeneity and complexity of hydrological processes offer substantial challenges to the hydrological modeller. Some hydrologists try to tackle this problem by introducing more and more detail in their models, or by setting-up more and more complicated models starting from basic principles at the smallest possible level. As we know, this reductionist approach leads to ever higher levels of equifinality and predictive uncertainty. On the other hand, simple, lumped and parsimonious models may be too simple to be realistic or representative of the dominant hydrological processes. In this commentary, a new model approach is proposed that tries to find the middle way between complex distributed and simple lumped modelling approaches. Here we try to find the right level of simplification while avoiding over-simplification. Paraphrasing Einstein, the maxim is: make a model as simple as possible, but not simpler than that. The approach presented is process based, but not physically based in the traditional sense. Instead, it is based on a conceptual representation of the dominant physical processes in certain key elements of the landscape. The essence of the approach is that the model structure is made dependent on a limited number of landscape classes in which the topography is the main driver, but which can include geological, geomorphological or land-use classification. These classes are then represented by lumped conceptual models that act in parallel. The advantage of this approach over a fully distributed conceptualisation is that it retains maximum simplicity while taking into account observable landscape characteristics.
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Hsiung, Hui-Ju, and Chao-Jan Chen. "Time passing is relative motion." Concentric. Studies in Linguistics 45, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 246–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/consl.00010.hsi.
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Abstract This paper reexamines the conceptual metaphor time passing is motion and deals with the problem of mapping inconsistency between the “moving ego” and “moving time” models in this conceptual metaphor. We argue that time is conceptualized as a system consisting of a dynamic component and a static component, which we call time-flow and time-landscape respectively. Adopting the notion of relative motion, we propose that the “moving ego” and “moving time” viewpoints are actually due to a shift in perspective within the same frame of relative motion. We then propose a unified metaphor about time passing, namely time passing is relative motion. In this metaphor, the ego is carried by the time-flow to move past time-landmarks over the time-landscape. We also propose that time is specifically conceptualized as a river in Chinese under this conceptual metaphor.
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Schmidt, Jochen, Phil Tonkin, and Allan Hewitt. "Quantitative soil - landscape models for the Haldon and Hurunui soil sets, New Zealand." Soil Research 43, no. 2 (2005): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr04074.
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Limited resources and large areas of steeplands with limited field access forced soil and land resource surveyors in New Zealand often to develop generalised models of soil–landscape relationships and to use these to produce soil maps by manual interpretation of aerial photographs and field survey. This method is subjective and non-reproducible. Recent studies showed the utility of digital information and analysis to complement manual soil survey. The study presents quantitative soil–landscape models for the Hurunui and Haldon soil sets (New Zealand), developed from conceptual soil–landscape models. Spatial modelling techniques, including terrain analysis and fuzzy classification, are applied to compute membership maps of landform components for the study areas. The membership maps can be used to derive a ‘hard’ classification of land components and uncertainty maps. A soil taxonomic model is developed based on field data (soil profiles), which attaches dominant soil profiles and soil properties, including their uncertainties, to the defined land components. The method presented in this study is proposed as a potential technique for modelling land components of steepland areas in New Zealand, in which the spatial soil variation is dominantly controlled by landform properties. A soil map was developed that includes the uncertainty in the fundamental definitions of landscape units and the variability of soil properties within landscape units.
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Roque, Ana Cristina, Cecilia Veracini, and Cristina Brito. "Shaping Landscapes: Thinking On the Interactions between People and Nature in Inter- and Postdisciplinary Narratives." Humanities 10, no. 2 (May 13, 2021): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/h10020075.
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This article addresses broad and plural concepts of landscape, considering its diversity of meanings and uses, which go far beyond its environmental and geographical connotations. It discusses the relationship between humanity and the rest of the natural world as a global process that combines physical and cultural aspects, and it seeks to highlight the contribution of environmental humanities to the understanding of these. Given the multiple conceptual interpretations and meanings of landscapes, we argue that current research trends are good examples of what we can consider as postdisciplinary approaches, challenging both disciplinary and interdisciplinary models of analysis. In this context, we use the recent pandemic scenarios as an example.
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Avissar, Roni. "Conceptual aspects of a statistical-dynamical approach to represent landscape subgrid-scale heterogeneities in atmospheric models." Journal of Geophysical Research 97, no. D3 (1992): 2729. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91jd01751.
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Long, James N., Thomas J. Dean, and Scott D. Roberts. "Linkages between silviculture and ecology: examination of several important conceptual models." Forest Ecology and Management 200, no. 1-3 (October 2004): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.07.005.
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Xie, Q. S., Gui Xian Zhou, and Q. N. Yan. "Framework Studies on Manufacturing Resource Management System Based on E-Hubs." Applied Mechanics and Materials 10-12 (December 2007): 28–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.10-12.28.
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E-Hubs as new entrants with new business models pour into the business-to-business space; it's increasingly difficult to make sense of the landscape. Electronic hubs--Internet-based intermediaries that host electronic marketplaces and mediate transactions among businesses--are generating a lot of interest. This paper provides a blueprint of the E-Hubs arena. Conceptual specification of functional system, comprising the selection of core E-Hubs services and definition of basic hosting platform of the E-Hubs realization business development plan, Conceptual framework for Manufacturing Resource Management System designs based on E-hubs.
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Ho, Wen Wei, and Đorđe Radičević. "The ergodicity landscape of quantum theories." International Journal of Modern Physics A 33, no. 04 (February 10, 2018): 1830004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x18300041.
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This paper is a physicist’s review of the major conceptual issues concerning the problem of spectral universality in quantum systems. Here, we present a unified, graph-based view of all archetypical models of such universality (billiards, particles in random media, interacting spin or fermion systems). We find phenomenological relations between the onset of ergodicity (Gaussian-random delocalization of eigenstates) and the structure of the appropriate graphs, and we construct a heuristic picture of summing trajectories on graphs that describes why a generic interacting system should be ergodic. We also provide an operator-based discussion of quantum chaos and propose criteria to distinguish bases that can usefully diagnose ergodicity. The result of this analysis is a rough but systematic outline of how ergodicity changes across the space of all theories with a given Hilbert space dimension. As a particular example, we study the SYK model and report on the transition from maximal to partial ergodicity as the disorder strength is decreased.
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Aronson, J., N. Aguirre, and J. Munoz. "Ecological Restoration for Future Conservation Professionals: Training with Conceptual Models and Practical Exercises." Ecological Restoration 28, no. 2 (May 7, 2010): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.28.2.175.
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Blanco, Juan A., Clive Welham, J. P. (Hamish) Kimmins, Brad Seely, and Daniel Mailly. "Guidelines for modeling natural regeneration in boreal forests." Forestry Chronicle 85, no. 3 (June 1, 2009): 427–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc85427-3.
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Natural regeneration is recognized as an important component of forest management. Field studies are usually combined with conceptual and mathematical models as the most effective way to understand and predict natural regeneration. In the case of the boreal forest, several important issues arise in the design of regeneration models and are reviewed here. The most important concerns the trade-off between complexity and portability. Complex models may mimic natural systems more closely than do simpler models, but this realism comes at a cost in terms of the volume of data necessary for their calibration. A second issue is that most regeneration models have been scaled to problems at the tree and stand level, but recent interest in landscape-level issues requires models applicable to this higher spatial scale. Finally, the conceptual framework underlying most regeneration models may need to be revisited in light of recent efforts to depict vegetation dynamics under changing climatic regimes. It is unlikely that any single modeling approach will prove adequate for modeling natural regeneration under all conditions, and we provided guidelines as to how to create effective regeneration models. Key words: climate change, disturbance, ecological models, forest regeneration, seedlings
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Lopes, Catia, Annibal Scavarda, Guilherme Vaccaro, Christopher Pohlmann, and André Korzenowski. "Perspective of Business Models and Innovation for Sustainability Transition in Hospitals." Sustainability 11, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11010005.
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Hospitals have valuable resources but are have facedsignificant changes over recentdecades. The adoption of principles that drive the strategic development of business models as innovation is imperative in these institutions. This research study aims to articulate a conceptual review of business models, innovation, and sustainability transition in the context of health business. It proposes a model for future applications in hospitals. This proposed model emphasizes the relations that arise under the multiple-level perspective. It also addresses the evolution of the concepts of business models and innovation that might contribute to the sustainability transition movement once new sociotechnical systems get space in these organizations. The main results of this conceptual review are the multiple depictions of internal and external elements that mutually interact to describe the dynamics of transitions. In the landscape level, elements such as ecological modernization and corporate social responsibility interact with elements of the regime level—legal, technological, and efficiency aspects—and with the niche’s aspects, represented by transitions from low to high quality and efficiency in services. This proposed model is justified by the lack of studies that address the sustainability transition models in hospitals and by its potential of adaption to particular contexts.
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Pépino, Marc, Marco A. Rodríguez, and Pierre Magnan. "Incorporating lakes in stream fish habitat models: are we missing a key landscape attribute?" Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 74, no. 5 (May 2017): 629–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2016-0221.
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Although lakes and rivers are intimately connected, more effort is needed to develop conceptual approaches accounting for lake–stream interactions within the drainage network. Lakes can buffer the impacts of environmental variability in streams and facilitate stream fish recolonization processes. However, lakes have rarely been incorporated in habitat models for stream fish. We examine whether including the presence of lakes in habitat models can improve our understanding of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) abundance in streams. We quantified brook trout relative abundance in 36 streams over 3 consecutive years by single-pass electrofishing. Relative abundance of brook trout in streams was greatest when lakes were present in the stream network. Lakes had greater influence on relative abundance in headwater streams than in larger streams. These results emphasize the importance of considering lakes as a critical attribute in landscape fish habitat models, many of which focus on terrestrial landscape variables. We discuss potential gains from incorporating the presence of lakes in (i) multiscale habitat models, (ii) analyses of spatiotemporal distribution of thermal refuges, and (iii) metrics of habitat connectivity in lake–stream networks.
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Andersson, Lotta. "Improvements of Runoff Models What Way to Go?" Hydrology Research 23, no. 5 (October 1, 1992): 315–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1992.0022.
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Model performance before and after the introduction of some alternative routines for calculation of evaporation, snow accumulation and melt with the PULSE/HBV runoff model were compared. The results showed that improvements were, in the best cases, small. Sometimes model fits deteriorated as a result of increased model complexity. On the basis of these, and from other experiences of attempts of model improvements, the success potentials for various efforts of model sophistication are discussed. It is hypothesised that model improvement cannot be achieved by increasing the complexity of some sub-routines, without considering the problems that are linked to spatial resolution of driving variables and the spatial distribution of physiographic parameters. It is suggested that physically based and conceptual schools of modelling can meet in a landscape mosaic context, with development of distributed models, based on information generally available from maps, remote-sensing images and meteorological stations.
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Krezel, Joanna, and Z. Adam Krezel. "Social influence and student choice of higher education institution." Journal of Education Culture and Society 8, no. 2 (September 25, 2017): 116–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs20172.116.130.
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This conceptual paper discusses changes in higher education sector, growing competition as a result of new private education providers and the adoption of student-as-customer perspective in recruitment and marketing of higher education institutions. The paper reviews numerous models of student choice and identifies inconsistencies in the role of social factors in the student choice. These inconsistencies are of special importance in current higher education landscape and growing prominence of peer-to-peer communication via social media. Consequently, a thorough understanding of influences that effect student choice of higher education institution is imperative. This conceptual paper puts forward a conceptual framework that integrates Kelman’s processes of social influence and Cialdini-Goldstein’s goals that underpin the acceptance of that influence to examine the effects social context has on student choice of higher education institution.
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Boisson, Antoine, and Michel Allard. "Morphological and evolutionary patterns of emerging arctic coastal landscapes: the case of northwestern Nunavik (Quebec, Canada)." Arctic Science 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 488–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/as-2020-0002.
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Northwestern Nunavik (Quebec, Canada) is characterized by specific landforms and poorly documented examples of emerging coastal landscapes. In this study, we identified the different types of coasts and examined how they were morphologically reworked and shaped during the Holocene. This coastal region is currently emerging at rates of 8–9 mm/year due to glacial isostatic adjustment. The coastal zone includes a large number of glacial and glaciofluvial landforms such as De Geer moraines, eskers, and drumlinoid ridges that are continuously modified by coastal processes as they emerge. Wave erosion, shore drifting, and sedimentation transform the original landforms into transverse spits, tombolos, dunes, beaches, and narrow tidal flats. Once raised above the reach of storm surges, the coastal landscape evolves into a maze of low tundra ridges, wetlands, and lakes, which represent the end point of rapid shoreline regression. Exposure to a cold climate allows permafrost inception and aggradation in the uplifted sediments, forming features such as ice-wedge polygons and frost boils. Conceptual models of coastal evolution and ecosystem formation are proposed, from the original submarine landscapes to the emerged landscapes.
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Gao, H., M. Hrachowitz, F. Fenicia, S. Gharari, and H. H. G. Savenije. "Testing the realism of a topography driven model (FLEX-Topo) in the nested catchments of the Upper Heihe, China." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 10 (October 22, 2013): 12663–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-12663-2013.
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Abstract. Although elevation data is globally available, and used in many existing hydrological models, its information content is still poorly understood and under-exploited. Topography is closely related to geology, soil, climate and land cover. As a result, it may reflect the dominant hydrological processes in a catchment. In this study, we evaluated this hypothesis through three progressively more complex conceptual rainfall-runoff models. The first model (FLEXL) is lumped, and it does not make use of elevation data. The second model (FLEXD) is semi-distributed. It also does not make use of elevation data, but it accounts for input spatial variability. The third model (FLEXT), also semi-distributed, makes explicit use of topography information. The structure of FLEXT consists of four parallel components representing the distinct hydrological function of different landscape elements. These elements were determined based on a topography based landscape classification approach. All models were calibrated and validated at the catchment outlet. Additionally, the models were evaluated at two nested sub-catchments. FLEXT, performs better than the other models in the nested sub-catchment validation and it is therefore better transferable. This supports the following hypotheses: (1) topography can be used as an integrated indicator to distinguish landscape elements with different hydrological function; (2) the model structure of FLEXT is much better equipped to represent hydrological signatures than a lumped or semi-distributed model, and hence has a more realistic model structure and parameterization; (3) the wetland/terrace and grassland hillslope landscape elements of the Upper Heihe contribute the main part of the fast runoff while the bare soil/rock landscape provides the main contribution to the groundwater. Most of the precipitation on the forested hillslopes is evaporated, thus generating relatively little runoff.
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Wang, Yang, Kangmin Wu, Jing Qin, Changjian Wang, and Hong’ou Zhang. "Examining Spatial Heterogeneity Effects of Landscape and Environment on the Residential Location Choice of the Highly Educated Population in Guangzhou, China." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 9, 2020): 3869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093869.
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The residential location choice of the highly educated population is an important consideration to construct a livable city. While landscape and environment are important factors, few studies have deeply analyzed the spatial heterogeneity effects of landscape and environment on the residential location choices of a highly educated population. Taking Guangzhou as the sample, we built a livability-oriented conceptual framework of landscape and environment, and constructed datasets for highly educated population proportion, landscape, and environment factors, and other influencing factors for Guangzhou’s 1364 communities. Global regression and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models are used for analysis. The GWR model is more effective than the global regression model. We found spatial heterogeneity in the strength and direction of the relationship between the highly educated population proportion and landscape and environment. We find that landscape and environment exert spatial heterogeneity effects on the residential location choice of the highly educated population in Guangzhou. The conclusions will be of reference value to further understand how the spatial limitations of landscape and environment affect residential location choices. This study will help city managers formulate spatially differentiated environment improvement policies, thereby increasing the city’s sustainable development capabilities.
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Barreira, Raquel, Maria Catarina Paz, Luís Amaro, José Paulo Sousa, Jacinto Benhadi-Marín, Mykola Rasko, António Alves da Silva, et al. "Developing an Agent-Based Model for Haplodrassus rufipes (Araneae: Gnaphosidae), a Generalist Predator Species of Olive Tree Pests: Conceptual Model Outline." Biology and Life Sciences Forum 4, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecps2020-08745.
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Olive growing has been facing major sustainability challenges due to intensification, resulting in an increased use of pesticides and fertilizers and, consequently, in the depletion of natural resources and loss of biodiversity and landscape values. This has created an urgent need to develop models for managing complex agroecosystems that integrate factors affecting food quality, sustainability and biodiversity, providing a supporting technique to understand the consequences of agricultural management for ecosystem services. We are developing an advanced agent-based simulation (ABS) applied to olive groves to model the effects of farming practices on the abundance of olive pest predators. ABS is a modeling technique where agents represent animals (predator arthropods, in our case) acting in their environment. Our model is based on an ABS system developed by Aarhus University, the ALMaSS, which comprises highly detailed farm management and spatial structures to construct dynamic landscapes where agents operate. In this work, we present the conceptual model for one of the selected species, Haplodrassus rufipes (Araneae: Gnaphosidae).
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MacMillan, R. A., W. W. Pettapiece, and J. A. Brierley. "An expert system for allocating soils to landforms through the application of soil survey tacit knowledge." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 85, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s04-029.
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Soil survey is a paradigm-based science that relies heavily on the application of conceptual soil-landscape models, which in turn are based upon tacit pedological knowledge. This tacit knowledge is generally acquired by systematic field observation and recording the relationships between the occurrence of soils and associated landform positions. Soil survey databases identify the types of soils within a delineated area but they do not generally describe the relationship of specific soils with specific landscape positions. A case in point is the recently completed 1:100 000 scale soil landscape database prepared for the agricultural region of Alberta, Canada. In order to utilize this database with various interpretative algorithms a procedure for allocating soils to specific landform positions needed to be developed. The development of this procedure initially involved capturing the local tacit pedological knowledge in a series of tables and programs. The procedure was then applied to the Alberta soil survey database to automatically assign soils to landform positions and then to assign specific slope characteristics to the individual soils. The resulting soil-landform product was more useable than the original data for input to land based process models. Key words: Soil survey, tacit knowledge, soil-landscape modeling, heuristic rule base, predictive mapping
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Hillier, J. K., G. Sofia, and S. J. Conway. "Perspective – synthetic DEMs: A vital underpinning for the quantitative future of landform analysis?" Earth Surface Dynamics 3, no. 4 (December 16, 2015): 587–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-587-2015.
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Abstract. Physical processes, including anthropogenic feedbacks, sculpt planetary surfaces (e.g. Earth's). A fundamental tenet of geomorphology is that the shapes created, when combined with other measurements, can be used to understand those processes. Artificial or synthetic digital elevation models (DEMs) might be vital in progressing further with this endeavour in two ways. First, synthetic DEMs can be built (e.g. by directly using governing equations) to encapsulate the processes, making predictions from theory. A second, arguably underutilised, role is to perform checks on accuracy and robustness that we dub "synthetic tests". Specifically, synthetic DEMs can contain a priori known, idealised morphologies that numerical landscape evolution models, DEM-analysis algorithms, and even manual mapping can be assessed against. Some such tests, for instance examining inaccuracies caused by noise, are moderately commonly employed, whilst others are much less so. Derived morphological properties, including metrics and mapping (manual and automated), are required to establish whether or not conceptual models represent reality well, but at present their quality is typically weakly constrained (e.g. by mapper inter-comparison). Relatively rare examples illustrate how synthetic tests can make strong "absolute" statements about landform detection and quantification; for example, 84 % of valley heads in the real landscape are identified correctly. From our perspective, it is vital to verify such statistics quantifying the properties of landscapes as ultimately this is the link between physics-driven models of processes and morphological observations that allows quantitative hypotheses to be tested. As such the additional rigour possible with this second usage of synthetic DEMs feeds directly into a problem central to the validity of much of geomorphology. Thus, this note introduces synthetic tests and DEMs and then outlines a typology of synthetic DEMs along with their benefits, challenges, and future potential to provide constraints and insights. The aim is to discuss how we best proceed with uncertainty-aware landscape analysis to examine physical processes.
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Grigg, Laurie D., James Feiccabrino, and Frederick Sherenco. "Testing the applicability of physiographic classification methods toward improving precipitation phase determination in conceptual models." Hydrology Research 51, no. 2 (February 14, 2020): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2020.081.
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Abstract Regions with a large percentage of precipitation occurring near freezing experience high percentages (>10%) of misclassified precipitation events (rain versus snow) and necessitate efforts to improve precipitation phase determination schemes through the use of more accurate surface air temperature thresholds (Trs). Meteorological data from 169 sites in Scandinavia were used to test the applicability of using physiographic categories to determine Trs. Three classification methods involving varying degrees of automation were evaluated. The two automated methods tested did not perform as well as when tested on a smaller region, showing only 0.16% and 0.20% reduction in error. A semi-manual method produced the largest average reduction in misclassified precipitation (0.53%) across all sites. Further refinement of classification criteria for mountain and hill stations showed that at mesoscales (>5 km), maximum elevation is a better predictor of Trs (0.89% average reduction in error) than terrain relief (0.22%), but that relief becomes increasingly important at microscales (0.90%). A new method for categorizing mountainous stations based on upslope or downslope air movement increased the average reduction in error up to 0.53%. These results provide a framework for future landscape classification methods and confirm the importance of microscale topography for determining Trs in alpine regions.
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Windmuller-Campione, Marcella A., Justin DeRose, and James N. Long. "Landscape-Scale Drivers of Resistance and Resilience to Bark Beetles: A Conceptual Susceptibility Model." Forests 12, no. 6 (June 17, 2021): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12060798.
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Bark beetle (Dendroctonus spp.) outbreaks in the middle latitudes of western North America cause large amounts of tree mortality, outstripping wildfire by an order of magnitude. While temperatures play an important, and direct role in the population dynamics of ectothermic bark beetles, an equally important influence is the nature of the host substrate—the structure and composition of forested communities. For many of the dominant tree species in the western United States, “hazard” indices have been developed for specific bark beetles, which generally include three key variables—host tree size, absolute or relative density of the stand, and percentage of host composition. We provide a conceptual model to apply these three variables across forest ecosystems and bark beetles that shifts the thinking from a species–specific model to a model which focuses on the underlying ecological factors related to bark beetle outbreak susceptibility. We explored the use of our model across multiple scales using the Forest Inventory and Analysis database: Interior West, USA; the states of Colorado and Arizona; and specific national forests within Arizona that are implementing a large-scale restoration effort. We demonstrated that across the Interior West and Colorado, the vast majority of forests have moderate to high susceptibility to bark beetles. Our conceptual model maintains the simplicity of previous “hazard” models but acknowledges the need to consider scale when managing bark beetles. It also shifts the management approach from resistance thinking to the development of “associational resilience”, where the focus is not on any one individual stand or area but the longer-term perspective of forest persistence across the landscape.
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Fedorov, Aleksey V., and Vladimir Z. Makarov. "To the Complex Geoeclogical Region Zoning Methodology Based on Conceptual Modern Landscape Science Models (Saratov Region as an Example." Izvestiya of Saratov University. New Series. Series: Earth Sciences 19, no. 2 (2019): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1819-7663-2019-19-2-87-96.
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Erős, Tibor, and Winsor H. Lowe. "The Landscape Ecology of Rivers: from Patch-Based to Spatial Network Analyses." Current Landscape Ecology Reports 4, no. 4 (November 16, 2019): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40823-019-00044-6.
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Abstract Purpose of Review We synthesize recent methodological and conceptual advances in the field of riverscape ecology, emphasizing areas of synergy with current research in landscape ecology. Recent Findings Recent advances in riverscape ecology highlight the need for spatially explicit examinations of how network structure influences ecological pattern and process, instead of the simple linear (upstream-downstream) view. Developments in GIS, remote sensing, and computer technologies already offer powerful tools for the application of patch- and gradient-based models for characterizing abiotic and biotic heterogeneity across a range of spatial and temporal scales. Along with graph-based analyses and spatial statistical stream network models (i.e., geostatistical modelling), these approaches offer improved capabilities for quantifying spatial and temporal heterogeneity and connectivity relationships, thereby allowing for rigorous and high-resolution analyses of pattern, process, and scale relationships. Summary Spatially explicit network approaches are able to quantify and predict biogeochemical, hydromorphological, and ecological patterns and processes more precisely than models based on longitudinal or lateral riverine gradients alone. Currently, local habitat characteristics appear to be more important than spatial effects in determining population and community dynamics, but this conclusion may change with direct quantification of the movement of materials, energy, and organisms along channels and across ecosystem boundaries—a key to improving riverscape ecology. Coupling spatially explicit riverscape models with optimization approaches will improve land protection and water management efforts, and help to resolve the land sharing vs. land sparing debate.
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Carré, Cyril, and Younes Hamdani. "Pyramidal Framework: Guidance for the Next Generation of GIS Spatial-Temporal Models." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 3 (March 22, 2021): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10030188.
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Over the last decade, innovative computer technologies and the multiplication of geospatial data acquisition solutions have transformed the geographic information systems (GIS) landscape and opened up new opportunities to close the gap between GIS and the dynamics of geographic phenomena. There is a demand to further develop spatio-temporal conceptual models to comprehensively represent the nature of the evolution of geographic objects. The latter involves a set of considerations like those related to managing changes and object identities, modeling possible causal relations, and integrating multiple interpretations. While conventional literature generally presents these concepts separately and rarely approaches them from a holistic perspective, they are in fact interrelated. Therefore, we believe that the semantics of modeling would be improved by considering these concepts jointly. In this work, we propose to represent these interrelationships in the form of a hierarchical pyramidal framework and to further explore this set of concepts. The objective of this framework is to provide a guideline to orient the design of future generations of GIS data models, enabling them to achieve a better representation of available spatio-temporal data. In addition, this framework aims at providing keys for a new interpretation and classification of spatio-temporal conceptual models. This work can be beneficial for researchers, students, and developers interested in advanced spatio-temporal modeling.
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King, Elizabeth G., and Richard J. Hobbs. "Identifying Linkages among Conceptual Models of Ecosystem Degradation and Restoration: Towards an Integrative Framework." Restoration Ecology 14, no. 3 (September 2006): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2006.00145.x.
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Koch, S. V. "FROM THE PERIPHERY TO THE CENTRE: THE AMBIVALENCE OF THE EUROPEAN BORDERLAND." International and Political Studies, no. 35 (November 10, 2022): 39–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/2707-5206.2022.35.263538.
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The article is devoted to the consideration of conceptual approaches to the analysis of the internal political spaces of Europe, which have acquired characteristic features of the border and peripheral systems. The reasons and conditions of the conceptual reinterpretation of the concepts of "periphery" and "center" under the conditions of variable border systems are traced using the example of the Western European and Eastern European borders. An analysis of the most pragmatic theories of border development applied to European border landscapes is offered. The main attention is paid to three models: 1) the Western European border landscape, which was formed between imperial centers due to the creation of a network socio-economic trade system, providing a spatial border with buffer political organizations, within which small, economically, and politically effective states of the offshore type function; 2) the Eastern European border landscape, which was formed within the borders of the Three Seas, between the centers of continental empires, which marginalized the border space, turning it into a competitive multicultural buffer zone; 3) models of the space of Europe within the European Union, which is formed as a network institutionalized socio-cultural system, where the process of abandoning universal territorial and political systems in favor of post-national ones, capable of taking into account the plurality of individual and collective identities, is gradually taking place. The focus is on the problem of the transformation of the peripheral spaces of the EU, which are interpreted within the framework of two approaches: 1) as an expansionist political strategy of "enlargement" of the Union, which is implemented due to the standardization of institutions and norms, and the integration of peripheral territorial-political and local actors takes place within "neighborhood policies"; 2) as a wide use of frontier discourse in relation to the project of expanding the political and geographical space of Europe. The intermediate border spaces are transformed into a system of cross-border interaction, which determines the movement of the borders of macro-regions.
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Becknell, Justin M., and Jennifer S. Powers. "Stand age and soils as drivers of plant functional traits and aboveground biomass in secondary tropical dry forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44, no. 6 (June 2014): 604–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2013-0331.
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The distribution of tropical forest biomass across the landscape is poorly understood, particularly in increasingly common secondary tropical forests. We studied the landscape-scale distribution of edaphic properties, plant community characteristics, and aboveground biomass (AGB) in secondary tropical dry forests in northwest Costa Rica. We used structural equation modeling to examine conceptual models of relationships among these factors, with data from 84 0.1 ha plots. Stand age and soils explained 33%–60% of the variation in community-weighted mean values of foliar traits including specific leaf area, foliar nitrogen, phosphorus, and δ13C. Aboveground biomass ranged from 1.7 to 409 Mg·ha−1 among plots between 5 and >100 years old. Stand age alone explained 46% of the variation in AGB among plots, while a model including age, soil pH, traits, and forest type explained 58%. Stand age was the most important variable explaining the distribution of AGB and community characteristics in secondary forests. We speculate that plot size, landscape heterogeneity, disturbance history, and stand dynamics contribute to the unexplained variation in AGB across the landscape.
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Carvalho, Stephen, Suyash Ahire, Earl W. Huff, and Julian Brinkley. "UTT: A Conceptual Model to Guide the Universal Design of Autonomous Vehicles." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641024.
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Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are closer to becoming a reality in changing the landscape of commercial and personal transportation. The launch of these vehicles come with the promise of improved road safety, reduced traffic fatalities, and enhanced mobility. However, there are questions as to whether the design of AVs will meet the needs of everyone, including people with disabilities and older adults. We argue that there exists no conceptual model that guide sthe inclusive design of autonomous vehicles to benefit all intended users. This paper proposes such a model, called the User Transportation-Activity Technology (UTT) model, which supports the inclusive design of AVs. We present a review of current models of assistive technology design and their drawbacks followed by an introduction of the UTT model and its application in AV design. This paper may benefit researchers, designers, and developers of autonomous vehicles interested in addressing accessible design issues in such vehicles.
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Shen, Xiwei, Mingze Chen, Mengting Ge, and Mary G. Padua. "Examining the Conceptual Model of Potential Urban Development Patch (PUDP), VOCs, and Food Culture in Urban Ecology: A Case in Chengdu, China." Atmosphere 13, no. 9 (August 26, 2022): 1369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091369.
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In China, traditional food is a significant element of culture that affects human behaviors. The point of interest (POI) of traditional food restaurants’ location and their volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions affect the urban ecology. Rather than examine potential urban development patch (PUDP) based on land use data, the perspective of this paper is to examine the PUDP, air quality, and food culture in urban ecology in Chengdu, China. Methods: First, the research identifies three types of PUDP models (open PUDP, landscape PUDP, and conflict PUDP) with the weighted overlay of land use data, then uses machine learning to examine the relationship between PUDP, POI of traditional food restaurant, and VOCs. Results: The study generates three types of PUDP which are open PUDP, landscape PUDP, and conflict PUDP. VOCs and POI of traditional restaurant have a strong correlation, and both have a significant negative correlation with open PUDP. However, the landscape PUDP and conflict PUDP do not show an obvious relationship with food POI and VOCs. Conclusion: The results indicate that the future urban ecology should consider restaurant location, VOCs from restaurants, and their relationship to urban land use data as they have a strong relationship.
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Riddell, E. S., S. A. Lorentz, and D. C. Kotze. "A geophysical analysis of hydro-geomorphic controls within a headwater wetland in a granitic landscape, through ERI and IP." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 2 (March 22, 2010): 1973–2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-1973-2010.
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Abstract. Wetlands are undergoing considerable degradation in South Africa. As interventions are often technical and costly, there is a requirement to develop conceptual process models for these wetland systems so that rehabilitation attempts will be successful. This paper presents an approach using the geophysical methods of Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) and Induced Polarization (IP) to delineate sub-surface hydro-geomorphic controls that maintain equilibrium disconnectivity of wetland-catchment processes, which through gully erosion are increasing the catchments connectivity through loss of water and sediment. The findings presented here give insight into the geomorphic processes that maintain the wetland in an un-degraded state, this allows for the development of a conceptual model outlining the wetland forming processes. The analysis suggests that sub-surface clay-plugs, within an otherwise sandy substrate are created by illuviation of clays from the surrounding hillslopes particularly at zones of valley confinement.
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Riddell, E. S., S. A. Lorentz, and D. C. Kotze. "A geophysical analysis of hydro-geomorphic controls within a headwater wetland in a granitic landscape, through ERI and IP." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 8 (August 31, 2010): 1697–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1697-2010.
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Abstract. Wetlands are undergoing considerable degradation in South Africa. As interventions are often technical and costly, there is a requirement to develop conceptual process models for these wetland systems so that rehabilitation attempts will be successful. This paper presents an approach using the geophysical methods of Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) and Induced Polarization (IP) to delineate sub-surface hydro-geomorphic controls that maintain equilibrium disconnectivity of wetland-catchment processes, which through gully erosion are increasing the catchments connectivity through loss of water and sediment. The findings presented here give insight into the geomorphic processes that maintain the wetland in an un-degraded state, this allows for the development of a conceptual model outlining the wetland forming processes. The analysis suggests that sub-surface clay-plugs, within an otherwise sandy substrate are created by illuviation of clays from the surrounding hillslopes particularly at zones of valley confinement.
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Bezrukova, Kateryna, and Tetyana Traverse. "Conceptual and Operational Models of Research of Socio-Psychological Features of Electoral Groups of Ukraine." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series “Psychology”, no. 1(15) (2022): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/bsp.2022.1(15).1.
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Scientific interest in the current realities of the socio-political situation in Ukraine lies in the fiel of development of an integrative approach to the study of the electorate and its typology, which will not depend on the current political landscape and take into account the individual characteristics of voters. In the article the authors substantiate their own model of the electorate and develop an author's approach to the study of electoral groups and their socio-psychological profiles. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the conceptual and operational models of research of psychological features of electoral groups of Ukraine. The authors consider the electorate as a set of all citizens of the country who are endowed with active suffrage and who exercise or do not exercise it at elections at various levels. An electoral group is defined as a nominal group of voters, united on the basis of common psychological features, relatively homogeneous and stable in composition. According to the authors, the search for criteria for describing the electorate, as well as for its division into subgroups, is a scientific problem that needs to be further operationalized within the framework of political psychology. As part of the research work, the authors conducted an expert study, the results of which allowed to determine the most important in the opinion of experts groups of criteria by which it is possible to typologize the electorate and determine the socio-psychological profiles of electoral groups. The authors propose to typologize electoral groups with the help of such socio-psychological characteristics of voters as personal, socio-demographic characteristics, values, needs, form of political participation and the level of political culture.
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Li, Jiang, Xiaomin Mao, and Mo Li. "Modeling hydrological processes in oasis of Heihe River Basin by landscape unit-based conceptual models integrated with FEFLOW and GIS." Agricultural Water Management 179 (January 2017): 338–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.09.007.
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