Journal articles on the topic 'Concepts' uptake'
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Rein, A., C. N. Legind, and S. Trapp. "New concepts for dynamic plant uptake models." SAR and QSAR in Environmental Research 22, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2011): 191–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1062936x.2010.548829.
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Nicklin, Stephen, and Klara Miller. "Intestinal uptake and immunological effects of carrageenan—current concepts." Food Additives and Contaminants 6, no. 4 (October 1989): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652038909373801.
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Lajtha, Abel. "Developing concepts of cerebral amino acid uptake 1950–1970." Neurochemistry International 14, no. 3 (January 1989): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-0186(89)90049-1.
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Sorrentino, Dario, Wolfgang Stremmel, and Paul D. Berk. "The hepatocellular uptake of bilirubin: Current concepts and controversies." Molecular Aspects of Medicine 9, no. 5 (January 1987): 405–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-2997(87)90006-9.
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Senior, M. L., S. J. New, A. C. Gatrell, and B. J. Francis. "Geographic Influences on the Uptake of Infant Immunisations: 1. Concepts, Models, and Aggregate Analyses." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 25, no. 3 (March 1993): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a250425.
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This is the first of two papers in which the effects on the uptake of immunisation of transport, time—space, and gender-role constraints, among a wider range of influences, are assessed statistically. A critique of a paper by Jarman et al leads to the formulation of an improved conceptual and statistical framework for analyses of uptake. Within this framework, the possibility of explaining immunisation uptake by using readily available data at the District Health Authority scale is reevaluated. Results suggest that analyses solely at this highly aggregate scale are plagued by the statistical problem of overdispersion, and cannot provide reliable explanations of uptake. Rather, it is argued, disaggregate or, preferably, multilevel analyses are required. Such analyses form the subject matter of the second paper.
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Johnsen, Doris, Frederik Vorholt, Jan-Hinrich Gieschen, Beate Müller, and Annette Randhahn. "Electric Mobility and Smart Mobility Concepts—Restrained Uptake in German Cities." World Electric Vehicle Journal 10, no. 4 (November 19, 2019): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/wevj10040081.
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Ninety German cities exceeded the European threshold on NO2 in 2016, 65 of those cities developed countermeasures and strategies that were published in Green City Plans (GCP). In the scope of this study, 55 publicly available GCPs were evaluated in order to assess their potential for traffic turnaround at a municipal level. All GCPs were analyzed to determine in which of the mentioned five to seven fields of action the respective city had planned measures and which fields of action were prioritized. A more in-depth qualitative analysis of the main topics: Electric mobility, public transport, and mobility concepts was carried out. To get a better understanding of the potential impact of the measures elaborated in the GCPs, complementary information on municipal fleet vehicle stocks, requirements of charging infrastructure for public buses and results of the European roadmap on mobility concepts are given. The evaluation of the GCPs showed that to this day, city administrations mainly optimize the current system by measures of electrification and digitization. Electrification of municipal fleets, car-sharing fleets, and public transport buses is in the focus of the strategies. Instruments to increase non-motorised transport, sustainable commercial transport, and/or mobility concepts are mentioned, but play a minor role. However, there still has been no system change in Germany. Therefore, a substantial turnaround of the transport system (“Verkehrswende”) is necessary. This applies to integrated urban and transport planning, flexible, strong, fast PT, non-motorised and flexible operating systems.
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Baravikova, Aliaksandra. "The uptake of new concepts in urban greening: Insights from Poland." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 56 (December 2020): 126798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2020.126798.
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Donahue, Nathan D., Handan Acar, and Stefan Wilhelm. "Concepts of nanoparticle cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, and kinetics in nanomedicine." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 143 (March 2019): 68–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2019.04.008.
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van Dommelen, Anne, René de Mot, and Jos Vanderleyden. "Ammonium transport: unifying concepts and unique aspects." Functional Plant Biology 28, no. 9 (2001): 959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pp01070.
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This paper originates from an address at the 8th International Symposium on Nitrogen Fixation with Non-Legumes, Sydney, NSW, December 2000 Ammonium uptake by cells has been studied for more than a century, but only recently a family of ammonium transporters (Mep/Amt) with 10–12 transmembrane domains has been defined. These proteins are probably ubiquitous, since homologues have been found in the major kingdoms of living organisms. Plants as well as yeast and some archaebacteria have multiple Mep/Amt paralogues, which can be distinguished by their affinity for ammonium and the ammonium analogue methylammonium. Most ammonium transporters are induced in nitrogen-starving conditions, both in prokaryotes and plants. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli and Azospirillum brasilense Mep/Amt proteins where shown to be necessary for growth when the external concentration of the diffusive ammonium form (NH3) becomes limiting. Ammonium transporters also play an important role in pseudohyphal differentiation in yeast and efficient symbiotic interaction between Rhizobium etli and its host plant. In most bacteria, NH4+ transport appears to be a uniport mechanism driven by the membrane potential, but, depending on the organism, a different mode of ammonium uptake may be operating. Current knowledge offers the basis to investigate further the physiological role of ammonium transporters in the natural habitat of organisms and their importance in plant–bacteria interactions.
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Jarvis, N. J. "Simple physics-based models of compensatory plant water uptake: concepts and eco-hydrological consequences." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 11 (November 16, 2011): 3431–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-3431-2011.
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Abstract. Many land surface schemes and simulation models of plant growth designed for practical use employ simple empirical sub-models of root water uptake that cannot adequately reflect the critical role water uptake from sparsely rooted deep subsoil plays in meeting atmospheric transpiration demand in water-limited environments, especially in the presence of shallow groundwater. A failure to account for this so-called "compensatory" water uptake may have serious consequences for both local and global modeling of water and energy fluxes, carbon balances and climate. Some purely empirical compensatory root water uptake models have been proposed, but they are of limited use in global modeling exercises since their parameters cannot be related to measurable soil and vegetation properties. A parsimonious physics-based model of uptake compensation has been developed that requires no more parameters than empirical approaches. This model is described and some aspects of its behavior are illustrated with the help of example simulations. These analyses demonstrate that hydraulic lift can be considered as an extreme form of compensation and that the degree of compensation is principally a function of soil capillarity and the ratio of total effective root length to potential transpiration. Thus, uptake compensation increases as root to leaf area ratios increase, since potential transpiration depends on leaf area. Results of "scenario" simulations for two case studies, one at the local scale (riparian vegetation growing above shallow water tables in seasonally dry or arid climates) and one at a global scale (water balances across an aridity gradient in the continental USA), are presented to illustrate biases in model predictions that arise when water uptake compensation is neglected. In the first case, it is shown that only a compensated model can match the strong relationships between water table depth and leaf area and transpiration observed in riparian forest ecosystems, where sparse roots in the capillary fringe contribute a significant proportion of the water uptake during extended dry periods. The results of the second case study suggest that uncompensated models may give biased estimates of long-term evapotranspiration at the continental scale. In the example presented here, the uncompensated model underestimated total evapotranspiration by 5–7% in climates of intermediate aridity, while the ratio of transpiration to evaporation was also smaller than for the compensated model, especially in arid climates. It is concluded that the parsimonious physics-based model concepts described here may be useful in the context of eco-hydrological modeling at local, regional and global scales.
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Jarvis, N. J. "Simple physics-based models of compensatory plant water uptake: concepts and eco-hydrological consequences." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 4 (July 12, 2011): 6789–831. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-6789-2011.
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Abstract. Many land surface schemes and simulation models of plant growth designed for practical use employ simple empirical sub-models of root water uptake that cannot adequately reflect the critical role water uptake from sparsely rooted deep subsoil plays in meeting atmospheric transpiration demand in water-limited environments, especially in the presence of shallow groundwater. A failure to account for this so-called "compensatory" water uptake may have serious consequences for both local and global modeling of water and energy fluxes, carbon balances and climate. Some purely empirical compensatory root water uptake models have been proposed, but they are of limited use in global modeling exercises since their parameters cannot be related to measurable soil and vegetation properties. Parsimonious physics-based models of uptake compensation have been developed that require no more parameters than empirical approaches. These models are described and compared from a conceptual point of view and some aspects of their behavior, including the phenomenon of hydraulic lift, are illustrated with the help of example simulations. These analyses demonstrate that the degree of compensation is a function of soil capillarity and the ratio of total effective root length to potential transpiration. Thus, uptake compensation increases as root to leaf area ratios increase, since potential transpiration depends on leaf area. Results of "scenario" simulations for two case studies, one at the local scale (riparian vegetation growing above shallow water tables in seasonally dry or arid climates) and one at a global scale (water balances across an aridity gradient in the continental USA), are presented to illustrate biases in model predictions that arise when water uptake compensation is neglected. In the first case, it is shown that only a compensated model can match the strong relationships between water table depth and leaf area and transpiration observed in riparian forest ecosystems, where sparse roots in the capillary fringe contribute a significant proportion of the water uptake during extended dry periods. The results of the second case study suggest that uncompensated models may give biased estimates of long-term evapotranspiration at the continental scale. In the example presented here, the uncompensated model underestimated total evapotranspiration by 5–7% in climates of intermediate aridity, while the ratio of transpiration to evaporation was also smaller than for the compensated model, especially in arid climates. It is concluded that the parsimonious physics-based model concepts described here may be useful in the context of eco-hydrological modeling at local, regional and global scales.
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Pohl, Jürgen, Axel Ring, Thomas Herrmann, and Wolfgang Stremmel. "New concepts of cellular fatty acid uptake: role of fatty acid transport proteins and of caveolae." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 63, no. 2 (May 2004): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/pns2004341.
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Efficient uptake and channelling of long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) are critical cell functions. Evidence is emerging that proteins are important mediators of LCFA-trafficking into cells and various proteins have been suggested to be involved in this process. Amongst these proteins is a family of membrane-associated proteins termed fatty acid transport proteins (FATP). So far six members of this family, designated FATP 1–6, have been characterized. FATP 1, 2 and 6 show a highly-conserved AMP-binding region that participates in the activation of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA) to form their acyl-CoA derivatives. The mechanisms by which FATP mediate LCFA uptake are not well understood, but several studies provide evidence that uptake of LCFA across cellular membranes is closely linked to acyl-CoA synthetase activity. It is proposed that FATP indirectly enhance LCFA uptake by activating VLCFA to their CoA esters, which are required to maintain the typical structure of lipid rafts in cellular membranes. Recent work has shown that the structural integrity of lipid rafts is essential for cellular LCFA uptake. This effect might be exerted by proteins, e.g. caveolin-1 and FAT/CD36, that use lipid rafts as platforms and bind or transport LCFA. The proposed molecular mechanisms await further experimental investigation.
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Lundström, T., Hans Åkerstedt, I. Larsson, Jiri Marsalek, and Maria Viklander. "Dynamic Distributed Storage of Stormwater in Sponge-Like Porous Bodies: Modelling Water Uptake." Water 12, no. 8 (July 22, 2020): 2080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082080.
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An innovative concept of dynamic stormwater storage in sponge-like porous bodies (SPBs) is presented and modelled using first principles, for down-flow and up-flow variants of SPBs. The rate of inflow driven by absorption and/or capillary action into various porous material structures was computed as a function of time and found to be critically dependent on the type of structure and the porous material used. In a case study, the rates of inflow and storage filling were modelled for various conditions and found to match, or exceed, the rates of rainwater inflow and volume accumulation associated with two types of Swedish rainfalls, of 60-min duration and a return period of 10 years. Hence, the mathematical models indicated that the SPB devices studied could capture relevant amounts of water. The theoretical study also showed that the SPB concepts could be further optimized. Such findings confirmed the potential of dynamic SPB storage to control stormwater runoff and serve as one of numerous elements contributing to restoration of pre-urban hydrology in urban catchments. Finally, the issues to be considered in bringing this theoretical concept to a higher Technological Readiness Level were discussed briefly, including operational challenges. However, it should be noted that a proper analysis of such issues requires a separate study building on the current presentation of theoretical concepts.
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Hamilton, Elizabeth M., Shannen Oversby, Angela Ratsch, and Scott Kitchener. "COVID-19 Vaccination: An Exploratory Study of the Motivations and Concerns Detailed in the Medical Records of a Regional Australian Population." Vaccines 10, no. 5 (April 21, 2022): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10050657.
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Understanding motivations and concerns surrounding COVID-19 vaccine uptake is important to reduce vaccine hesitancy and inform strategies to mitigate concerns and increase vaccine uptake. This study aimed to explore motivations and concerns associated with COVID-19 vaccination among adults seeking their first COVID-19 vaccine in a regional Australian community with low prevalence of COVID-19, who received a medical consult prior to vaccination. Medical records from consults were audited and the modified Framework Method was used to conduct qualitative content analysis of data, generating themes and overall core concepts related to motivations for COVID-19 vaccination and associated concerns. There were 102 people included in the study, 81% of whom were aged ≥60 years. Concerns surrounding COVID-19 vaccination included five core concepts: 1. Perceived vaccine risks, 2. Perceived vaccine performance, 3. Uncertainty, 4. Autonomy, and 5. Fairness in access; and a further five core concepts were generated from motivations to seek vaccination: 1. Protection, 2. Occupational or facility responsibility or requirement, 3. Trust in primary healthcare physician, 4. Autonomy, and 5. Civic duty. These motivating factors and concerns can be used to inform strategies and education to increase vaccine uptake in ongoing and future vaccine rollouts.
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Gburek, Jakub, Bogusława Konopska, and Krzysztof Gołąb. "Renal Handling of Albumin—From Early Findings to Current Concepts." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (May 28, 2021): 5809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115809.
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Albumin is the main protein of blood plasma, lymph, cerebrospinal and interstitial fluid. The protein participates in a variety of important biological functions, such as maintenance of proper colloidal osmotic pressure, transport of important metabolites and antioxidant action. Synthesis of albumin takes place mainly in the liver, and its catabolism occurs mostly in vascular endothelium of muscle, skin and liver, as well as in the kidney tubular epithelium. Long-lasting investigation in this area has delineated the principal route of its catabolism involving glomerular filtration, tubular endocytic uptake via the multiligand scavenger receptor tandem—megalin and cubilin-amnionless complex, as well as lysosomal degradation to amino acids. However, the research of the last few decades indicates that also additional mechanisms may operate in this process to some extent. Direct uptake of albumin in glomerular podocytes via receptor for crystallizable region of immunoglobulins (neonatal FC receptor) was demonstrated. Additionally, luminal recycling of short peptides into the bloodstream and/or back into tubular lumen or transcytosis of whole molecules was suggested. The article discusses the molecular aspects of these processes and presents the major findings and controversies arising in the light of the research concerning the last decade. Their better characterization is essential for further research into pathophysiology of proteinuric renal failure and development of effective therapeutic strategies.
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Nasri, Hamid. "Metformin and kidney; overview on current concepts." Journal of Renal Endocrinology 8 (January 1, 2022): e21064. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jre.2022.21064.
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Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a chronic disorder categorized by hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance of cells. T2DM can cause many micro or macrovascular complications. Metformin, a biguanides derivative, has multiple benefits except anti-hyperglycemia effect, comprising amelioration blood cholesterol levels, blood pressure and depressing vascular complications accompanied with T2DM. It is proposed that metformin act via adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) -dependent or -independent approaches. The mechanisms by which metformin regulates glycemic level in T2DM are complex. In addition to its peripheral effects on insulin resistance and glycogenesis, metformin has direct beneficial effect on the beta-cell secretion. A large part of the metabolic advantages of metformin can be related to effects on gastrointestinal glucose uptake and the interaction of metformin with numerous new objects for glucose depressing in the gastrointestinal tract, including the incretin receptors, bile salt transporters and the gut microbiota.
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Falconer, Matthew. "Reiff, M. & Bawarshi, A. (Eds.). (2016). Genre and the Performance of Publics. Logan, UT: Utah State University Press." Canadian Journal for Studies in Discourse and Writing/Rédactologie 27 (September 26, 2017): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31468/cjsdwr.613.
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Mary Jo Reiff and Anis Bawarshi’s edited volume, Genre and the Performance of Publics, was released during a time when I felt that Rhetorical Genre Studies (RGS) had started to stabilize in terms of advances within the field. Decades of quality research into the different genres found in various socio-institutional settings (e.g., academic, professional and community contexts) had developed many useful and insightful concepts; RGS scholars had found their “normal science”, to borrow Thomas Kuhn’s phrase. One such “normalized” concept is Anne Freadman’s notion of “uptake”. As Reiff and Bawarshi explain, uptake has been used to examine the ways that genres shape rhetorical responses and how broader discursively-constructed ideas filter into our daily lives and re-appear in unique ways, such as by shaping our behaviour.
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Nielsen, C. M., K. D. Steele, W. A. Forster, and J. A. Zabkiewicz. "Influence of dose and molecular weight on foliar mass uptake of surfactant." New Zealand Plant Protection 58 (August 1, 2005): 174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2005.58.4243.
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Foliar uptake of model xenobiotics and active ingredients on a unit area basis can be related to the initial dose of compound applied per unit area Current concepts propose that ideally surfactants and active ingredients copenetrate into plants Other evidence has shown that this is not always the case with pesticides and surfactants influencing each others behaviour Hence it is relevant to determine whether surfactants follow a similar mass uptake relationship This study determined the uptake of five surfactants differing in structure and molecular weight (2901350) into two plant species (fathen and wheat) The results showed that surfactants follow the same mass uptake relationship found previously for model compounds and active ingredients ie the initial dose (nmol/mm2) of surfactant applied to plant foliage is a strong positive determinant of uptake per unit area However at the constant concentration () studied surfactant molecular weight also played a role in uptake
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Knoop, Jessica, Sara Barrento, Robert Lewis, Bettina Walter, and John N. Griffin. "Incorporating concepts of biodiversity into modern aquaculture: macroalgal species richness enhances bioremediation efficiency in a lumpfish hatchery." Algae 37, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 213–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4490/algae.2022.37.5.12.
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Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food producing sectors; however, intensive farming techniques of finfish have raised environmental concerns, especially through the release of excessive nutrients into surrounding waters. Biodiversity has been widely shown to enhance ecosystem functions and services, but there has been limited testing or application of this key ecological relationship in aquaculture. This study tested the applicability of the biodiversity-function relationship to integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA), asking whether species richness can enhance the efficiency of macroalgal bioremediation of wastewater from finfish aquaculture. Five macroalgal species (Chondrus crispus, Fucus serratus, Palmaria palmata, Porphyra dioica, and Ulva sp.) were cultivated in mono- and polyculture in water originating from a lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) hatchery. Total seaweed biomass production, specific growth rates (SGR), and the removal of ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub> <sup>+</sup>), total oxidised nitrogen (TON), and phosphate (PO<sub>4</sub> <sup>3-</sup>) from the wastewater were measured. Species richness increased total seaweed biomass production by 11% above the average component monoculture, driven by an increase in up to 5% in SGR of fast-growing macroalgal species in polycultures. Macroalgal species richness further enhanced ammonium uptake by 25%, and TON uptake by nearly 10%. Phosphate uptake was not improved by increased species richness. The increased uptake of NH<sub>4</sub> <sup>+</sup> and TON with increased macroalgal species richness suggests the complementary use of different nitrogen forms (NH<sub>4</sub> <sup>+</sup> vs. TON) in macroalgal polycultures. The results demonstrate enhanced bioremediation efficiency by increased macroalgal species richness and show the potential of integrating biodiversity- function research to improve aquaculture sustainability.
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Vermandere, Heleen. "Introduction of HPV vaccination in Kenya." Afrika Focus 29, no. 2 (February 26, 2016): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-02902010.
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Introduction: HPV vaccination prevents cervical cancer, the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Measured HPV vaccine acceptability is often high but does it also lead to high uptake? Methodology: A cohort was set up assessing HPV vaccine acceptability and other health behaviour constructs before, and vaccine uptake after an HPV vaccination programme in Eldoret, Kenya. Focus groups shed light on the motivation for vaccine uptake or refusal. Results: Acceptability was high but was no strong predictor of uptake, and neither were the constructs of the Health Belief Model. Lack of information and fear of side effects were major barriers. Feeling uncomfortable to discuss cervical cancer hampered open communication. Discussion: Distrust towards new vaccines and the health system blocked translation from willingness- to-vaccinate to actual uptake, as did organizational factors such as poor promotion. Conclusion: Future research should include broader concepts such as vaccine hesitancy and factors beyond personal control in order to predict vaccine uptake.
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Drewnowski, Jakub, Jacek Makinia, Lukasz Kopec, and Francisco-Jesus Fernandez-Morales. "Modelization of Nutrient Removal Processes at a Large WWTP Using a Modified ASM2d Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (December 11, 2018): 2817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122817.
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The biodegradation of particulate substrates starts by a hydrolytic stage. Hydrolysis is a slow reaction and usually becomes the rate limiting step of the organic substrates biodegradation. The objective of this work was to evaluate a novel hydrolysis concept based on a modification of the activated sludge model (ASM2d) and to compare it with the original ASM2d model. The hydrolysis concept was developed in order to accurately predict the use of internal carbon sources in enhanced biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes at a full scale facility located in northern Poland. Both hydrolysis concepts were compared based on the accuracy of their predictions for the main processes taking place at a full-scale facility. From the comparison, it was observed that the modified ASM2d model presented similar predictions to those of the original ASM2d model on the behavior of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4-N, NO3-N, and PO4-P. However, the modified model proposed in this work yield better predictions of the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) (up to 5.6 and 5.7%) as well as in the phosphate release and uptake rates.
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Korman, Ben, Ranjan K. Dash, and Philip J. Peyton. "Elucidating the roles of solubility and ventilation-perfusion mismatch in the second gas effect using a two-step model of gas exchange." Journal of Applied Physiology 128, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 1587–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00049.2020.
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Gas exchange in the lung can always be represented as the sum of two components: gas exchange at constant volume followed by gas exchange on volume correction. Using this sequence to study the second gas effect, low gas solubility and increased ventilation-perfusion mismatch are shown to act together to enhance second gas uptake. While appearing to contravene classical concepts of gas exchange, a detailed theoretical analysis shows it is fully consistent with these concepts.
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Middleton, Robert M., Alexander G. Marfin, Abtin Alvand, and Andrew J. Price. "Enhanced recovery programmes in knee arthroplasty: current concepts." Journal of ISAKOS: Joint Disorders & Orthopaedic Sports Medicine 3, no. 5 (August 10, 2018): 282–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jisakos-2018-000218.
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The concept of a multimodal approach to improve the care of surgical patients was first proposed by Kehlet in the 1990s. Measures to optimise the surgical patient, and minimise perioperative stresses, aimed to improve postoperative outcomes. Although originally introduced in colorectal surgery, these ‘enhanced recovery programmes’ have now seen widespread uptake in multiple surgical specialities, including orthopaedics. Patients undergoing knee arthroplasty are well suited to an enhanced recovery approach. These programmes optimise the patient at each stage of the surgical journey, including preoperative optimisation of fitness, perioperative anaesthetic and surgical techniques and finally postoperative rehabilitation and discharge plans. The available evidence supports a number of improvements after programme introduction, including shorter length of stay, morbidity and economics. However, the impact on other outcomes is less clear. One of the issues in the field is a lack of consensus on what interventions an enhanced recovery programme should contain and the specifics of these interventions. As a result, individual units develop their own programmes, making the interpretation and comparison of their impact difficult. This article discusses interventions that could be considered for inclusion in an enhanced recovery programme for knee arthroplasty.
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Tagliavini, M., and F. Scandellari. "METHODOLOGIES AND CONCEPTS IN THE STUDY OF NUTRIENT UPTAKE REQUIREMENTS AND PARTITIONING IN FRUIT TREES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 984 (April 2013): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2013.984.3.
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Tan, Yi Sheng, and Angela S. Wright. "Exploring “Smart and Green” Concepts: A New Synergy for Irish Hospitality." Tourism and Hospitality 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 276–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tourhosp3010019.
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The spotlight on “smart and green” has never been so bright and, within the hotel sector, emphasis on opportunities such as sustainability and digitisation are quickly shaping the agenda. This paper explores key components of the “smart and green” agenda among Irish hotels in the Republic of Ireland and how these concepts relate to their public customer image. While the multifaceted hybrid model of “smart and green” hotels is rapidly emerging as the new theme in the sustainable tourism industry, previous literature failed to address the issue in relation to a lack of uptake from Irish hoteliers. A post-positivistic paradigm was adopted for this study. Primary data indicates that most hoteliers were positively receptive towards “smart” and “green” despite many challenges. This research will interest policy makers, central government, tourism organisations and hotel practitioners.
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Dossou, Paul-Eric, Gaspard Laouénan, and Jean-Yves Didier. "Development of a Sustainable Industry 4.0 Approach for Increasing the Performance of SMEs." Processes 10, no. 6 (May 30, 2022): 1092. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10061092.
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The competitiveness of companies in emerging countries implies many European countries must transform their production systems to be more efficient. Indeed, the new context created by the COVID-19 pandemic increases the necessity of digital transformation and focuses attention on its limited uptake by manufacturing companies. In France, the Industry 4.0 concepts are already implemented in large companies. Despite the demonstration and validation of their benefits, SMEs are reluctant to move towards implementation. This problem of SME performance improvement increases with the current geopolitical situation in Europe (raw materials and gasoil cost). It is thus urgent and paramount to find a better solution for encouraging SMEs in their transformation. Taking note of the brakes on uptake of Industry 4.0 concepts in SMEs, the objectives of this paper are to find levers to accelerate implementation of Industry 4.0 concepts in SMEs, through the development and the deployment of a sustainable Industry 4.0 methodology, and to develop an intelligent system for supporting companies’ digital transformation in order to improve their performance. After a literature review, focused on Industry 4.0 concepts, theory of systems, organizational methods, and artificial intelligence, a sustainable methodology will be presented. The SME performance model that has been elaborated will then be shown and the structure of the intelligent system (mainly the decision aided tool) being developed for supporting the digital transformation of SMEs will be described. An illustrative example relating to a food elaboration SME will be presented for validating the concepts that have been developed. The proposed framework helped the company to formulate guidelines and transition towards a sustainable 4.0 company.
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Halegoua-De Marzio, Dina L., and Jonathan M. Fenkel. "Concepts and Treatment Approaches in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease." Advances in Hepatology 2014 (November 30, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/357965.
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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects up to 30% of adults and is the most common liver disease in Western nations. NAFLD is associated with central adiposity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. It encompasses the entire spectrum of fatty liver diseases from simple steatosis to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with lobular/portal inflammation, hepatocellular necrosis, and fibrosis. Of those who develop NASH, 15–25% will progress to end stage liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma over 10–20 years. Its pathogenesis is complex, and involves a state of lipid accumulation due to increased uptake of free fatty acids into the liver, impaired fatty acid beta oxidation, and increased incidence of de novo lipogenesis. Plasma aminotransferases and liver ultrasound are helpful in the diagnosis of NAFLD/NASH, but a liver biopsy is often required for definitive diagnosis. Many new plasma biomarkers and imaging techniques are now available that should improve the ability to diagnose NAFLD noninvasively Due to its complexity and extrahepatic complications, treatment of NAFLD requires a multidisciplinary approach with excellent preventative care, management, and treatment. This review will evaluate our current understanding of NAFLD, with a focus on existing therapeutic approaches and potential pharmacological developments.
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Noordwijk, M. van, and P. de Willigen. "Agricultural concepts of roots: from morphogenetic to functional equilibrium between root and shoot growth." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 35, no. 4 (November 1, 1987): 487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v35i4.16707.
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Over the past century, emphasis has changed towards water and nutrient uptake by root system ('functional equilibrium') from relations between root and shoot growth, ('morphogenetic equilibrium'). Separate optima for root growth and shoot growth can often be distinguished. Relatively small root systems can suffice for maximum crop production, provided the supply of water and nutrients is plentiful. Deep tillage or water-table lowering, intended to increase rooting depth, can be counterproductive for plant growth. Larger root systems may, however, withstand rapidly changing environmental conditions better, and may increase nutrient use efficiency or reduce nutrient loss. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
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Zerounian, Nora R., Carmen Redekosky, Rashmi Malpe, and Maria C. Linder. "Regulation of copper absorption by copper availability in the Caco-2 cell intestinal model." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 284, no. 5 (May 1, 2003): G739—G747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00415.2002.
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Relatively little is known about the individual steps in intestinal copper absorption and whether or how they may be regulated. Polarized Caco-2 cell monolayers with tight junctions offer an already tested model in which to study intestinal metal transport. This model was used to examine potential effects of cellular copper availability on copper absorption. Uptake and transport were determined on application of64Cu(II) to the brush border. In the range of 0.2–2 μM, uptake was dose dependent and was ∼20% of dose/90 min. Overall transport of64Cu across the basolateral surface was ∼0.3%. When cellular copper levels were depleted 40% by 18-h pretreatment with the specific copper chelator triethylenetetraamine, uptake and overall transport were markedly increased, going to 80 and 65% of dose, respectively. Cellular retention of64Cu fell fourfold, from 6 to 1.5%. Depletion of copper with the chelator was rapid and preceded initial changes in uptake and overall transport by 4 h. A lesser depletion of cellular copper (13%) failed to enhance copper uptake but doubled the rate of overall transport, as measured with64Cu and by atomic absorption. As previously reported, preexposure of the cells to excess copper (10 μM, 18 h) also enhanced copper uptake (∼3-fold). In contrast, ascorbate (10–1,000 μM) failed to significantly alter uptake and transport of 1 μM64Cu. Our findings are consistent with the concepts that, in the low physiological range, copper availability alters the absorption capacity of the intestine to support whole body homeostasis and that basolateral transport is more sensitively regulated than uptake.
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Costa, Luciano J., and Saad Z. Usmani. "Defining and Managing High-Risk Multiple Myeloma: Current Concepts." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 18, no. 12 (December 2020): 1730–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2020.7673.
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Multiple myeloma is a very heterogeneous disease. Despite advances in diagnostics and therapeutics, a subset of patients still experiences abbreviated responses to therapy, frequent relapses, and short survival and is considered to have high-risk multiple myeloma (HRMM). Stage III diagnosis according to the International Staging System; the presence of del(17p), t(4;14), or t(14;16) by fluorescence in situ hybridization; certain gene expression patterns; high serum lactic dehydrogenase level; and the presence of extramedullary disease at diagnosis are all considered indicators of HRMM. More recent evidence shows that patients who experience response to therapy but with a high burden of measurable residual disease or persistence of abnormal FDG uptake on PET/CT scan after initial therapy also have unfavorable outcomes, shaping the concept of dynamic risk assessment. Triplet therapy with proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, and corticosteroids and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation remain the pillars of HRMM therapy. Recent evidence indicates a benefit of immunotherapy with anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies in HRMM. Future trials will inform the impact of novel immunotherapeutic approaches, including T-cell engagers, CAR T cells, and nonimmunotherapeutic approaches in HRMM. Those agents are likely to be deployed early in the disease course in the setting of risk- and response-adapted trials.
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Kvietys, P. R., C. A. Navia, A. J. Premen, and D. N. Granger. "Quantitative assessment of the two-component model of intestinal circulation." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 251, no. 4 (October 1, 1986): G446—G452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1986.251.4.g446.
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Recently a two-component model of the intestinal circulation was proposed to explain the effects of vasodilators on intestinal oxygenation. This model assumes that the intestine is composed of two regions: one region in which oxygen uptake is blood flow independent (well perfused and normoxic) and a second region in which oxygen uptake is blood flow dependent (under-perfused and hypoxic). The model predicts that total intestinal oxygen uptake is increased by a vasodilator only if the blood flow-dependent region is affected. We used a systems analysis approach to predict the various boundary conditions that must be imposed on the two-component model for it to simulate experimental observations. The mathematical model was based on current concepts and available data regarding intestinal hemodynamics and oxygen exchange. The model simulations predict that 30-70% of the intestine must be hypoxic (regions where oxygen uptake is blood flow dependent) for the two-component hypothesis to adequately explain published observations. Since the existence of such an extensive hypoxic region seems unlikely for the normal intestine, the predictive value of the two-component hypothesis may be of limited value for describing the effects of vasodilators on oxygen uptake in the normal intestine. However, the two-component model may be useful in predicting the effects of vasodilators on intestinal oxygen uptake in the ischemic intestine.
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Sin, Gürkan, David Kaelin, Marlies J. Kampschreur, Imre Takács, Bernhard Wett, Krist V. Gernaey, Leiv Rieger, Hansruedi Siegrist, and Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht. "Modelling nitrite in wastewater treatment systems: a discussion of different modelling concepts." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 6 (October 1, 2008): 1155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.485.
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Originally presented at the 1st IWA/WEF Wastewater Treatment Modelling Seminar (WWTmod 2008), this contribution has been updated to also include the valuable feedback that was received during the Modelling Seminar. This paper addresses a number of basic issues concerning the modelling of nitrite in key processes involved in biological wastewater water treatment. To this end, we review different model concepts (together with model structures and corresponding parameter sets) proposed for processes such as two-step nitrification/denitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation and phosphorus uptake processes. After critically discussing these models with respect to their assumptions and parameter sets, common points of agreement as well as disagreement were elucidated. From this discussion a general picture of the state-of-the-art in the modelling of nitrite is provided. Taking this into account, a number of recommendations are provided to focus further research and development on nitrite modelling in biological wastewater treatment.
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Hussain, M. Iftikhar, Subhan Danish, Adela M. Sánchez-Moreiras, Óscar Vicente, Khawar Jabran, Usman Khalid Chaudhry, Ferdinando Branca, and Manuel J. Reigosa. "Unraveling Sorghum Allelopathy in Agriculture: Concepts and Implications." Plants 10, no. 9 (August 28, 2021): 1795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10091795.
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Allelopathy is an ecological phenomenon that involves the production and release of biomolecules from different crops, cultivated plants, and bacteria or fungi into the soil rhizosphere and impacts other organisms in the vicinity. Sorghum possesses vital allelopathic characteristics due to which it produces and releases different biomolecules from its root hairs, stems, and grains. Several studies have reported that sorghum acts as an allelopathic crop, decreasing the growth and eco-physiological attributes of surrounding plants and weeds growing simultaneously or subsequently in the field. Sorghum allelopathy has been exploited in the context of green manure, crop rotations, cover crops, and intercropping or mulching, whereas plant aqueous extracts or powder might be an alternate method of weed control. A diverse group of allelochemicals, including benzoic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, m-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid, p-hydroxibenzaldehyde, dhurrin, sorgoleone, m-hydroxybenzoic acid and protocatechuic acid, have been isolated and identified from different plant tissues of sorghum and root exudates. These allelochemicals, especially sorgoleone, have been investigated in terms of their mode(s) of action, specific activity and selectivity, release in the rhizosphere and uptake and translocation in sensitive species. The present review describes the importance of sorghum allelopathy as an ecological tool in managing weeds, highlighting the most recent advances in the allelochemicals present in sorghum, their modes of action, and their fate in the ecosystem. Further research should focus on the evaluation and selection of sorghum cultivars with high allelopathic potential, so that sorghum allelopathy can be better utilized for weed control and yield enhancement.
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Adem Esmail, Blal, Chiara Cortinovis, Lina Suleiman, Christian Albert, Davide Geneletti, and Ulla Mörtberg. "Greening cities through urban planning: A literature review on the uptake of concepts and methods in Stockholm." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 72 (June 2022): 127584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127584.
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Adem Esmail, Blal, Chiara Cortinovis, Lina Suleiman, Christian Albert, Davide Geneletti, and Ulla Mörtberg. "Greening cities through urban planning: A literature review on the uptake of concepts and methods in Stockholm." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 72 (June 2022): 127584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2022.127584.
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Seaman, Aaron T., Kathryn L. Taylor, Kimberly Davis, Kenneth G. Nepple, Michelle A. Mengeling, Heather Schacht Reisinger, and Richard M. Hoffman. "4284 Development of a Survey Instrument to Predict Uptake of and Adherence to Active Surveillance among Men with Low-Risk Prostate Cancer." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 4, s1 (June 2020): 128–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2020.383.
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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Active surveillance (AS) is a recognized strategy to manage low-risk prostate cancer (PCa) in the absence of cancer progression. Little prospective data exists on the decisional factors associated with selecting and adhering to AS in the absence of cancer progression. We developed a survey instrument to predict AS uptake and adherence. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We utilized a three-step process to develop and refine a survey instrument designed to predict AS uptake and adherence among men with low-risk PCa: 1) We identified relevant conceptual domains based on prior research and a literature review. 2) We conducted 21 semi-structured concept elicitation interviews to identify patient-perceived barriers and facilitators to AS uptake and adherence among men with a low-risk PCa who had been on AS for ≥1 year. The identified concepts became the basis of our draft survey instrument. 3) We conducted two rounds of cognitive interviews with men with low-risk PCa (n = 12; n = 6) to refine and initially validate the instrument. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Relevant concepts identified from the initial interviews included the importance of patient: knowledge of their PCa risk, value in delaying treatment, trust in urologist and the AS surveillance protocol, and perceived social support. Initially, the survey was drafted as a single instrument to be administered after a patient had selected AS comprising sections on patient health, AS selection, and AS adherence. Based on the first round of cognitive interviews, we revised the single instrument into two surveys to track shifts in patient preference and experience. The first, administered at diagnosis, focuses on selection, and the second, a 6-month follow up, focuses on adherence. Following revisions, participants indicated the revised 2-part instrument was clear and not burdensome to complete. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: The instrument’s content validity was evaluated through cognitive interviews, which supported that the survey items’ intended and understood meanings were isomorphic. In the next phase, we plan to conduct a large-scale prospective cohort study to evaluate the predictive validity, after which it will be available for public research use.
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Poost-Foroosh, Laya, Mary Beth Jennings, and Margaret F. Cheesman. "Comparisons of Client and Clinician Views of the Importance of Factors in Client-Clinician Interaction in Hearing Aid Purchase Decisions." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 26, no. 03 (March 2015): 247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3766/jaaa.26.3.5.
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Background: Despite clinical recognition of the adverse effects of acquired hearing loss, only a small proportion of adults who could benefit use hearing aids. Hearing aid adoption has been studied in relationship to client-related and hearing aid technology–related factors. The influence of the client-clinician interaction in the decision to purchase hearing aids has not been explored in any depth. Purpose: Importance ratings of a sample of adults having a recent hearing aid recommendation (clients) and hearing healthcare professionals (clinicians) from across Canada were compared on factors in client-clinician interactions that influence hearing aid purchase decisions. Research Design: A cross-sectional approach was used to obtain online and paper-based concept ratings. Data Collection and Analysis: Participants were 43 adults (age range, 45–85 yr) who had received a first hearing aid recommendation in the 3 mo before participation. A total of 54 audiologists and 20 hearing instrument practitioners from a variety of clinical settings who prescribed or dispensed hearing aids completed the concept-rating task. The task consisted of 122 items that had been generated via concept mapping in a previous study and which resulted in the identification of eight concepts that may influence hearing aid purchase decisions. Participants rated “the importance of each of the statements in a person’s decision to purchase a hearing aid” on a 5-point Likert scale, from 1 = minimally important to 5 = extremely important. For the initial data analysis, the ratings for each of the items included in each concept were averaged for each participant to provide an estimate of the overall importance rating of each concept. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to compare the mean importance ratings of the clients to the clinicians. Ratings of individual statements were also compared in order to investigate the directionality of the importance ratings within concepts. Results: There was a significant difference in the mean ratings for clients and clinicians for the concepts understanding and meeting client needs, conveying device information by clinician, supporting choices and shared decision making, and factors in client readiness. Three concepts—understanding and meeting client needs, conveying device information by clinician, and supporting choices and shared decision making—were rated as more important by clients than by clinicians. One concept (ie, factors in client readiness) was rated as more important by clinicians than by clients. Conclusions: The concepts rated as most important by clients and clinicians are consistent with components of several existing models of client-centered and patient-centered care. These concepts reflect the clients’ perception of the importance of their involvement in the decision-making process. A preliminary model of client-centered care within the hearing aid uptake process and implications for clinical audiology are described.
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Porada, P., B. Weber, W. Elbert, U. Pöschl, and A. Kleidon. "Estimating global carbon uptake by lichens and bryophytes with a process-based model." Biogeosciences 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2013): 6989–7033. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6989-2013.
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Abstract. Lichens and bryophytes are abundant globally and they may even form the dominant autotrophs in (sub)polar ecosystems, in deserts and at high altitudes. Moreover, they can be found in large amounts as epiphytes in old-growth forests. Here, we present the first process-based model which estimates the net carbon uptake by these organisms at the global scale, thus assessing their significance for biogeochemical cycles. The model uses gridded climate data and key properties of the habitat (e.g. disturbance intervals) to predict processes which control net carbon uptake, namely photosynthesis, respiration, water uptake and evaporation. It relies on equations used in many dynamical vegetation models, which are combined with concepts specific to lichens and bryophytes, such as poikilohydry or the effect of water content on CO2 diffusivity. To incorporate the great functional variation of lichens and bryophytes at the global scale, the model parameters are characterised by broad ranges of possible values instead of a single, globally uniform value. The predicted terrestrial net uptake of 0.34 to 3.3 Gt yr−1 of carbon and global patterns of productivity are in accordance with empirically-derived estimates. Considering that the assimilated carbon can be invested in processes such as weathering or nitrogen fixation, lichens and bryophytes may play a significant role in biogeochemical cycles.
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Porada, P., B. Weber, W. Elbert, U. Pöschl, and A. Kleidon. "Estimating global carbon uptake by lichens and bryophytes with a process-based model." Biogeosciences Discussions 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2013): 3735–847. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-10-3735-2013.
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Abstract. Lichens and bryophytes are abundant globally and they may even form the dominant autotrophs in (sub)polar ecosystems, in deserts and at high altitudes. Moreover, they can be found in large amounts as epiphytes in old-growth forests. Here, we present the first process-based model which estimates the net carbon uptake by these organisms at the global scale, thus assessing their significance for biogeochemical cycles. The model uses gridded climate data and key properties of the habitat (e.g. disturbance intervals) to predict processes which control net carbon uptake, namely photosynthesis, respiration, water uptake and evaporation. It relies on equations used in many dynamical vegetation models, which are combined with concepts specific to lichens and bryophytes, such as poikilohydry or the effect of water content on CO2 diffusivity. To incorporate the great functional variation of lichens and bryophytes at the global scale, the model parameters are characterised by broad ranges of possible values instead of a single, globally uniform value. The predicted terrestrial net carbon uptake of 0.34 to 3.3 (Gt C) yr−1 and global patterns of productivity are in accordance with empirically-derived estimates. Considering that the assimilated carbon can be invested in processes such as weathering or nitrogen fixation, lichens and bryophytes may play a significant role in biogeochemical cycles.
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Oelke, Nelly Donszelmann, Maria Alice Dias da Silva Lima, and Aline Marques Acosta. "Knowledge translation: translating research into policy and practice." Revista Gaúcha de Enfermagem 36, no. 3 (September 2015): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-1447.2015.03.55036.
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Objective: This paper provides a theoretical-reflective study of knowledge translation concepts and their implementation processes for using research evidence in policy and practice.Results: The process of translating research into practice is iterative and dynamic, with fluid boundaries between knowledge creation and action development. Knowledge translation focuses on co-creating knowledge with stakeholders and sharing that knowledge to ensure uptake of relevant research to facilitate informed decisions and changes in policy, practice, and health services delivery. In Brazil, many challenges exist in implementing knowledge translation: lack of awareness, lack of partnerships between researchers and knowledge-users, and low research budgets.Conclusions: An emphasis on knowledge translation has the potential to positively impact health outcomes. Future research in Brazil is needed to study approaches to improve the uptake of research results in the Brazilian context.
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Wallace, John. "Lost in translation: transferring knowledge from research to clinical practice." Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 19, no. 4 (July 2013): 250–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.bp.112.010389.
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SummaryUsing a new treatment is not an instantaneous act. There is a gap between research and practice and carefully evaluated evidence often fails to achieve widespread use. Various factors intercede along the pathway from knowledge generation to knowledge utilisation. These can hinder, or indeed facilitate, the use of research evidence in psychiatry. Knowledge translation is a discipline that attempts to identify and understand these barriers and facilitators to knowledge transfer. In this article, the terminology and key concepts of knowledge translation will be outlined, the evidence transfer pipeline described and obstacles and facilitators to uptake of evidence explored. The article also identifies sources of information on knowledge transfer. Innovative approaches designed to enhance the uptake of evidence from research, such as summaries, systematic reviews and targeted messaging, are also described.
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Gassmann, Matthias, Eva Weidemann, and Thorsten Stahl. "Combined leaching and plant uptake simulations of PFOA and PFOS under field conditions." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 2 (August 31, 2020): 2097–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10594-6.
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AbstractPer- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are used in industrial production and manufacturing but were repeatedly detected in agricultural soils and therefore in cash crops in recent years. Dissipation of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs), a sub-group of PFASs, in the environment was rather attributed to the formation of non-extractable residues (NER) than to degradation or transformation. Currently, there are no models describing the fate of PFAAs in the soil-plant continuum under field conditions, which hampers an assessment of potential groundwater and food contamination. Therefore, we tested the ability of the pesticide-leaching model MACRO to simulate the leaching and plant uptake of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in a field lysimeter using two concepts of adsorption: a kinetic two-side sorption concept usually applied for pesticide leaching (scenario I) and the formation of NER (scenario II). The breakthrough of substances could be simulated adequately in scenario II only. Scenario I, however, was not able to reproduce sampled leaching concentrations. Plant uptake was simulated well in the first year after contamination but lacked adequacy in the following years. The model results suggest that more than 90% of PFOA and PFOS are in the pool of NER after 8 years, which is more compared with other studies. However, since NER formation was hypothesized to be a kinetic process and our study used a PFASs leaching time series over a period of 8 years, the results are reasonable. Further research is required on the formation of NER and the uptake of PFAAs into plants in order to gain a better model performance and extend the simulation approach to other PFAAs.
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Rhodes, A. P., M. J. Casey, T. A. Payne, and M. Brown. "Over the fence: understanding what people do and how they might change." NZGA: Research and Practice Series 16 (January 1, 2016): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33584/rps.16.2016.3258.
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Landholders in New Zealand hill country are being challenged in the future to provide the resource for increasing agricultural productivity while balancing social and environmental demands. This will lead to an increasingly complex ecosystem which challenges simple approaches to achieving change on farm. This paper discusses principles such as degree of complexity, systems thinking in farming systems, knowledge, and barriers to decision making and adoption in relation to agricultural production systems. These concepts are often little considered or understood where there is an expectation of uptake of new technologies or an increased rate of practice change. Better understanding and consideration of these concepts could help in the development and design of more effective extension programmes. Keywords: behaviour change, adoption, extension, farming systems, complexity, barriers, knowledge
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Shmagun, Hanna, Charles Oppenheim, Jangsup Shim, and Jaesoo Kim. "The Uptake of Open Science: Mapping the Results of a Systematic Literature Review." ITM Web of Conferences 33 (2020): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20203301001.
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This paper contributes to “Open Science” theory, with a specific focus on Open Science data generated by scholars. To this end, a mixed- method systematic literature review, including science mapping techniques, was conducted. Our preliminary results reveal the potential of Open Science as a domain for interdisciplinary research. A keyword co-occurrence network analysis using the VOSviewer visualisation tool identified five clusters of interrelated sub-concepts within Open Science research. The key distinctive characteristics and the various categories of Open Science data have been identified. The relevant data platforms have been provided to exemplify each category of Open Science data. Finally, a distinction between Open Science data and Open Government data was explored and the convergence point between them was presented.
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Fayek, Patrick, Sebastian Esser, Vanessa Quiroz, and Chong Dae Kim. "Investigation of the Pressure Dependent Hydrogen Solubility in a Martensitic Stainless Steel Using a Thermal Agile Tubular Autoclave and Thermal Desorption Spectroscopy." Metals 11, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11020231.
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Hydrogen is nowadays in focus as an energy carrier that is locally emission free. Especially in combination with fuel-cells, hydrogen offers the possibility of a CO2 neutral mobility, provided that the hydrogen is produced with renewable energy. Structural parts of automotive components are often made of steel, but unfortunately they may show degradation of the mechanical properties when in contact with hydrogen. Under certain service conditions, hydrogen uptake into the applied material can occur. To ensure a safe operation of automotive components, it is therefore necessary to investigate the time, temperature and pressure dependent hydrogen uptake of certain steels, e.g., to deduct suitable testing concepts that also consider a long term service application. To investigate the material dependent hydrogen uptake, a tubular autoclave was set-up. The underlying paper describes the set-up of this autoclave that can be pressurised up to 20 MPa at room temperature and can be heated up to a temperature of 250 °C, due to an externally applied heating sleeve. The second focus of the paper is the investigation of the pressure dependent hydrogen solubility of the martensitic stainless steel 1.4418. The autoclave offers a very fast insertion and exertion of samples and therefore has significant advantages compared to commonly larger autoclaves. Results of hydrogen charging experiments are presented, that were conducted on the Nickel-martensitic stainless steel 1.4418. Cylindrical samples 3 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length were hydrogen charged within the autoclave and subsequently measured using thermal desorption spectroscopy (TDS). The results show how hydrogen sorption curves can be effectively collected to investigate its dependence on time, temperature and hydrogen pressure, thus enabling, e.g., the deduction of hydrogen diffusion coefficients and hydrogen pre-charging concepts for material testing.
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Joyner, M. J. "Modeling: optimal marathon performance on the basis of physiological factors." Journal of Applied Physiology 70, no. 2 (February 1, 1991): 683–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.2.683.
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This paper examines current concepts concerning "limiting" factors in human endurance performance by modeling marathon running times on the basis of various combinations of previously reported values of maximal O2 uptake (VO2max), lactate threshold, and running economy in elite distance runners. The current concept is that VO2max sets the upper limit for aerobic metabolism while the blood lactate threshold is related to the fraction of VO2max that can be sustained in competitive events greater than approximately 3,000 m. Running economy then appears to interact with VO2max and blood lactate threshold to determine the actual running speed at lactate threshold, which is generally a speed similar to (or slightly slower than) that sustained by individual runners in the marathon. A variety of combinations of these variables from elite runners results in estimated running times that are significantly faster than the current world record (2:06:50). The fastest time for the marathon predicted by this model is 1:57:58 in a hypothetical subject with a VO2max of 84 ml.kg-1.min-1, a lactate threshold of 85% of VO2max, and exceptional running economy. This analysis suggests that substantial improvements in marathon performance are "physiologically" possible or that current concepts regarding limiting factors in endurance running need additional refinement and empirical testing.
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Muhumuza, Richard, Andrew Sentoogo Ssemata, Ayoub Kakande, Nadia Ahmed, Millicent Atujuna, Mangxilana Nomvuyo, Linda-Gail Bekker, et al. "Exploring Perceived Barriers and Facilitators of PrEP Uptake among Young People in Uganda, Zimbabwe, and South Africa." Archives of Sexual Behavior 50, no. 4 (May 2021): 1729–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01880-y.
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Abstract Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention strategy. Few studies have explored adolescents and young people’s perspectives toward PrEP. We conducted 24 group discussions and 60 in-depth interviews with males and females aged 13–24 years in Uganda, Zimbabwe, and South Africa between September 2018 and February 2019. We used the framework approach to generate themes and key concepts for analysis following the social ecological model. Young people expressed a willingness to use PrEP and identified potential barriers and facilitators of PrEP uptake. Barriers included factors at individual (fear of HIV, fear of side effects, and PrEP characteristics), interpersonal (parental influence, absence of a sexual partner), community (peer influence, social stigma), institutional (long waiting times at clinics, attitudes of health workers), and structural (cost of PrEP and mode of administration, accessibility concerns) levels. Facilitators included factors at individual (high HIV risk perception and preventing HIV/desire to remain HIV negative), interpersonal (peer influence, social support and care for PrEP uptake), community (adequate PrEP information and sensitization, evidence of PrEP efficacy and safety), institutional (convenient and responsive services, provision of appropriate and sufficiently resourced services), and structural (access and availability of PrEP, cost of PrEP) levels. The findings indicated that PrEP is an acceptable HIV prevention method. PrEP uptake is linked to personal and environmental factors that need to be considered for successful PrEP roll-out. Multi-level interventions needed to promote PrEP uptake should consider the social and structural drivers and focus on ways that can inspire PrEP uptake and limit the barriers.
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Verkade, Heather, and Saw Hoon Lim. "Uptake of Optional Activities Leads to Improved Performance in a Biomedical Sciences Class." Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning 15, no. 6 (December 8, 2015): 48–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/josotl.v15i6.18988.
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Students value optional (non-assessed) learning activities as they can use them to achieve their intended grade. Such additional activities can also be useful to cater for different levels of background knowledge and therefore to equalise the students’ opportunity to succeed. This study examines the implementation of two optional activities, one online and one paper-based. The activities complemented the lectures and practical (laboratory) classes and were designed to give students additional practice with the key concepts. It was predominantly the most ambitious students who engaged with the activities. Those students who engaged with the activities achieved a higher mark relative to their mark in a comparable prerequisite class. The students strongly preferred the paper activities, and although they would like both online and paper options to be available, they would not be willing to pay a small fee for the online activity.
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Bitoun, Rachel E., Ewan Trégarot, and Rodolphe Devillers. "Bridging theory and practice in ecosystem services mapping: a systematic review." Environment Systems and Decisions 42, no. 1 (December 11, 2021): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10669-021-09839-7.
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AbstractThe mapping and assessment of Ecosystem Services (ES) aims at better connecting environmental conservation, economic development, and human well-being. However, 60 years after the development of the ES concept, a persistent gap remains between the production of scientific knowledge on ES and its use in support of policy and management. Here, we report on a systematic review of the scientific literature that helps better understand key challenges and offers potential solutions to bridge this gap. The review considered four criteria: (1) how stakeholders participate to studies; (2) how usable ES maps are for decision-making; (3) what policy recommendations were made; and (4) what research recommendations were made. The analysis of 135 papers published between 2008 and 2020 revealed diverse technical and conceptual challenges that could prevent the effective use of ES concepts and methods outside the academic realm. The main challenges identified in the literature were the uncertainty levels of ES mapping outputs, issues of spatial scales, the understanding of ES interactions, and the need for temporal analysis. Many policies rely on mapped outcomes, creating a window of opportunity for the uptake of ES mapping into policy-making. However, it remains key to involve stakeholders early in the co-design of ES studies and to better understand their preferences and motivation to adopt ES mapping in their practices. The study shows that higher levels of learnability of ES mapping practices, further popularization to foster public awareness, and increased capacity building would facilitate the ES concept uptake into decision and policy-making.
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HU, Rei-Huang, and E. Anthony PEGG. "Rapid induction of apoptosis by deregulated uptake of polyamine analogues." Biochemical Journal 328, no. 1 (November 15, 1997): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3280307.
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Treatment of Chinese hamster ovary cells with α-difluoromethylornithine for 3 days, followed by exposure to cycloheximide, led to an unregulated, rapid and massive accumulation of polyamine analogues. This accumulation led to cell death by apoptosis within a few hours. Clear evidence of DNA fragmentation was seen in response to both N-terminally ethylated polyamines and to polyamines containing methyl groups on the terminal carbon atoms. Programmed cell death was induced within 2-4 h of exposure to 1 μM or higher concentrations of N1,N11-bis(ethyl)norspermine. The presence of cycloheximide increased the uptake of the polyamine analogues and therefore led to cell death at lower analogue concentrations, but it was not essential for the induction of apoptosis, since similar effects were seen when the protein synthesis inhibitor was omitted and the concentration of N1,N11-bis(ethyl)norspermine was increased to 5 μM or more The induction of apoptosis was blocked both by the addition of the caspase inhibitor N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone, or by the addition of the polyamine oxidase inhibitor N1-methyl-N2-(2,3-butadienyl)butane-1,4-diamine (MDL 72,527). These experiments provide evidence to support the concepts that: (1) polyamines or their oxidation products may be initiators of programmed cell death; (2) regulation of polyamine biosynthesis and uptake prevents the accumulation of toxic levels of polyamines; and (3) the anti-neoplastic effects of bis(ethyl) polyamine analogues may be due to the induction of apoptosis in sensitive tumour cells.