Journal articles on the topic 'Conception'
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Toribio, Josefa. "The Implicit Conception of Implicit Conceptions." Philosophical Issues 9 (1998): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1522963.
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Taylor, Kenneth A. "Neither a populist nor a vanguardist be! Respecting the wisdom and will of the people." Philosophy & Social Criticism 45, no. 9-10 (October 29, 2019): 1222–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0191453719872275.
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In this essay, I consider three different conceptions of ‘the people’ and what it means to ‘respect’ their collective will and wisdom: (a) the democratic conception of the people as a sprawling demos, (b) the populist conception of the people as an authentic folk (c) and, finally, the vanguardist conception of the people as the semi-mute masses who stand in need of revolutionary transformation. Although my ultimate aim is to defend the democratic conception of the people over both the populist conception and the vanguardist conception, much of this essay is taken up simply spelling out each of these conceptions of the people and outlining their consequences for the conduct of politics. I begin by contrasting the democratic conception with the populist conception. I then turn briefly to the vanguardist conception. I close with a brief, and admittedly incomplete defence of a particular form of democracy – what I call transformative or ameliorative democracy – which conceives of the people as a self-transformative totality.
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Liao, S. Matthew, and Adam Etinson. "Political and Naturalistic Conceptions of Human Rights: A False Polemic?" Journal of Moral Philosophy 9, no. 3 (2012): 327–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455243-00903008.
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What are human rights? According to one longstanding account, the Naturalistic Conception of human rights, human rights are those that we have simply in virtue of being human. In recent years, however, a new and purportedly alternative conception of human rights has become increasingly popular. This is the so-called Political Conception of human rights, the proponents of which include John Rawls, Charles Beitz, and Joseph Raz. In this paper we argue for three claims. First, we demonstrate that Naturalistic Conceptions of human rights can accommodate two of the most salient concerns that proponents of the Political Conception have raised about them. Second, we argue that the theoretical distance between Naturalistic and Political Conceptions is not as great as it has been made out to be. Finally, we argue that a Political Conception of human rights, on its own, lacks the resources necessary to determine the substantive content of human rights. If we are right, not only should the Naturalistic Conception not be rejected, the Political Conception is in fact incomplete without the theoretical resources that a Naturalistic Conception characteristically provides. These three claims, in tandem, provide a fresh and largely conciliatory perspective on the ongoing debate between proponents of Political and Naturalistic Conceptions of human rights.
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McCabe, Gráinne Michelle, and Melissa Emery Thompson. "Reproductive seasonality in wild Sanje mangabeys (Cercocebus sanjei), Tanzania: Relationship between the capital breeding strategy and infant survival." Behaviour 150, no. 12 (2013): 1399–429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003102.
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The reproductive seasonality model states that it is adaptive for species in seasonally variable environments to temporally cluster reproductive events around periods of resource availability. Many studies have examined links between seasonal reproduction and phenological events, though few studies have fully tested the adaptive hypothesis by examining the effects of reproductive timing on outcomes. Our study tests the predictions of the model in an African cercopithecine, the Sanje mangabey, by examining the impact of food availability on the timing of conception, birth and weaning, and the relationship of reproductive timing and female energy balance (urinary C-peptide) to infant survival. From September 2008 through 2010, 28 infants were born. Distribution of conceptions was non-uniform, with a peak between January and March. There was a significant positive correlation between mean monthly fruit availability and number of conceptions per month. An increased food supply supports a positive energy balance, maximizing the potential for conception; a pattern found among many cercopithecines. Mothers that conceived within the peak period also exhibited higher levels of urinary C-peptide during preconception and early gestation, compared to conceptions outside the peak period. This strategy increased the probability of survival to year one, as it was significantly higher for infants conceived during the peak conceptive season. These results support the reproductive seasonality model and demonstrate that the timing of conception is critical for mangabey reproductive success.
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Vezeau, Carole, Thérèse Bouffard, and Valérie Dubois. "Relation entre la conception de l’intelligence et les buts d’apprentissage." Articles 30, no. 1 (November 30, 2005): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/011767ar.
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Résumé L’étude examine les possibilités prédictives du modèle de Dweck au sujet de relations entre la conception de l’intelligence et le type de buts d’apprentissage. La mesure traditionnelle de la conception de l’intelligence s’appuie sur des items qui renvoient à la conception statique, par opposition à une conception dynamique. Toutefois, le caractère mutuellement exclusif des deux conceptions reste à démontrer. Un questionnaire a été administré à 487 étudiants universitaires. Les résultats montrent que les deux conceptions de l’intelligence sont négativement reliées, mais que cette relation est modérée. En outre, ils ne fournissent qu’un appui partiel aux relations postulées par le modèle de Dweck. La discussion propose des explications portant sur la coexistence de ces deux types de conception de l’intelligence.
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Yuliana, Yuliana, Edy Waluyo, and Muhammad Halqi. "Penerapan Metode Pemecahan Masalah terhadap Konsepsi Siswa Ditinjau dari Gaya Kognitif Siswa Sekolah Dasar." Journal of Elementary School (JOES) 4, no. 2 (December 26, 2021): 166–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/joes.v4i2.3028.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in students' conceptions between those taught by problem solving and conventional methods, in students who have field independent (FI) and field dependent (FD) learning styles. good when viewed from the cognitive style of students. The type of research that will be conducted in this research is quantitative research with experimental model. The population in this study were all students of the 8 Pringgabaya State Elementary School in the 2020/2021 academic year, and the
sample consisted of 2 classes, namely: Class V (20 students) and VI (21 students). Data collection techniques used are documentation techniques, questionnaire techniques and test techniques. The conclusions in this study include: (1) There is an influence between students' conceptions of the learning methods given during learning. The concept of Field Independent students with the Problem solving learning method is better than the conception of Field Dependent students with the Conventional Learning method; (2) The conception of students with Fiel Independent cognitive style has a greater mean (average) when compared to the conception of students with Fiel Dependent cognitive style, in other words the conception of students with Fiel Independent cognitive style is better when compared to the conception of students with Fiel Dependent ; (3)Students' conceptions with problem solving methods have better conceptions when compared to students' conceptions with conventional learning methods; (4) There are conceptual differences between students who have Field Independent cognitive style when given treatment with problem solving learning and conventional learning methods; (5) There is a difference in conception between students who have a Field Dependent cognitive style when given treatment with problem solving learning and there is no difference in conception when students are treated with conventional methods; (6) There are differences in students' conceptions between those who have Field Independent and Field Dependent cognitive styles when given learning treatment with problem solving methods; (7) There are differences in students' conceptions between those who have Field Independent and Field Dependent cognitive styles when given learning treatment with Conventional Methods.
Keywords: Problem Solving, Conception, Cognitive Style
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Schettino, Humberto. "The Notion of Politics in Marx's Early Writings." Crítica (México D. F. En línea) 36, no. 107 (November 29, 2004): 3–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.2004.434.
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This paper deals mainly with Marx's conception of politics. My contention is that in Marx's works two basic and opposed conceptions of politics coexist. On the one hand we find a negative, instrumental and realist conception that sees politics as nothing but domination of one class over another and the State as the main instrument of that domination. On the other, we find a positive conception that understands politics as community self-rule. I trace the conceptual origins of these two conceptions to three basic concepts: "alienation", "emancipation" and "species-being". These notions provide the foundations of Marx's conception of politics and enable us to understand its shortcomings. It is basically a contradictory and utopian conception which seriously disregards both the positive traits of actual politics and individual freedoms.
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Kyzym, Mykola O., Nadiia V. Bielikova, and Olha Yu Poliakova. "The Conception of Ukraine’s Exit from the «Trap of Backwardness» in the Post-War Period." PROBLEMS OF ECONOMY 4, no. 58 (2023): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-0712-2023-4-64-69.
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The formation of directions for Ukraine’s exit from the «trap of backwardness» in the post-war period requires a logical and well-grounded conception built on the principles of modern science. In modern research, much attention is paid to the development of methodological support for the development of conceptions and conceptional provisions as a basis for the development of the country. However, there is currently no single scientifically grounded conception for Ukraine’s exit from the «trap of backwardness» after the war. The aim of the article is to substantiate the draft conception of Ukraine’s exit from the «trap of backwardness» in the post-war period. The main postulates of classical and neoclassical theories and conceptions that examine the problems of backwardness of countries by directions and dynamics of socioeconomic development, as well as individual authors’ models that describe various modifications of the «traps of backwardness» are generalized. The basic postulates of modern European research on the problems of recovery of the socioeconomic development after crises are defined. On this basis, a theoretical platform for the draft conception of Ukraine’s exit from the «trap of backwardness» is proposed. The effectiveness of the use of cognitive models to address the needs of the theory and practice of Ukraine’s post-war exit from the «trap of backwardness» is shown. The draft conception of Ukraine’s exit from the «trap of backwardness» in the post-war period is substantiated, containing a number of hypotheses and provisions, which together solve an important scientific and practical task of creating a mechanism and conditions for overcoming and destroying the trap of backwardness in Ukraine, as well as excluding the causes and possibilities of its reproduction in the post-war and long-term periods. Theoretical and practical problems that can be solved on the basis of the implementation of the draft conception of Ukraine’s exit from the «trap of backwardness» presented in the article are structured.
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Teshale, Tadele Demelash, Reda Darge Negasi, and Dawit Asrat Getahun. "Exploring Ethiopian Secondary School Science Teachers’ Conceptions about the Nature of Scientific Knowledge (NOSK)." Education Sciences 14, no. 6 (May 23, 2024): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci14060559.
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This study examined secondary school science teachers’ conceptions of the nature of scientific knowledge (NOSK). The participants were convenient samples consisting of 48 (M = 38, F = 10) teachers from three secondary schools. An open-ended questionnaire was administered to collect data. Qualitative analysis involved comparing teachers’ responses to experts’ views on NOSK. Frequency counts and percentages were also used to describe the NOSK conceptions of participants. Based on the findings, the teachers held informed conceptions on two NOSK tenets and naïve conceptions on four of them. The participants generally held a naïve conception of NOSK, as evidenced by the fact that their conception aligned with informed conception only on two of the seven assessed NOSK aspects. Future research should use large samples, employing a quantitative approach to reveal secondary school teachers’ NOSK conceptions.
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Buksiński, Tadeusz. "Trzy teologie polityczne Carla Schmitta." Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna 3, no. 1 (July 14, 2018): 24–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fped.2014.3.1.2.
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The article refers exclusively to the Carl Schmitt’s political theology. His three conceptions of political theology and corresponding theoretical approaches are reconstructed and precisely analysed. The first conception is called the sociology of concepts or the theory of analogies between religious and legal-political concepts. The second Schmitt’s approach to political theology is the eschatological conception. Both these conceptions are basically descriptive and analytical. Solely the third conception is normative (and political), therefore, its presents the concept of political theology as a normative approach to the Political.
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Koshlakov, Dmitry M., and Alexander I. Shvyrkov. "Conception and Philosophy of Science." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 57, no. 2 (2020): 124–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202057226.
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The authors try to show that even Wittgensteinian definition of concept is not always sufficient to analyze what really happens in science. As a result, in addition to “concept” we propose “conception” as a new promising tool for philosophy of science. We provide a brief historical analysis of this term and reveal two main interpretations of “conception” in philosophy and scientific disciplines. In accordance with the first view, conception appears as either a “twin” of the concept, or a pair entity to the concept. According to the second view, conception is a kind of “strange concept” that exists among “normal” concepts. Since conception is understood differently in sciences and philosophical systems, it is not possible to give a generalized definition of conception. That is, it is impossible to formulate this definition, so to speak, inductively. Moreover, even if it was possible, such a definition would not necessarily have to be automatically accepted by philosophy of science. That is why the introduction of a concept of conception was carried out through the analysis of a global process associated with the return of metaphysics to science. We define conception as a semantic construction denoting the unknown (and, possibly, fundamentally unknowable) and ensuring the possibility of working with this unknown (unknowable). By virtue of the way conception was introduced (conception is not a “generalization” of the interpretations available in specific sciences) many conceptions that are considered as conception in specific sciences turn out to not to be conceptions within this definition. Thus, the article interprets conception as a new possible tool of philosophy of science, which is aimed at understanding how specific sciences develop.
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Rohayati, Diah, and Maryati Sutarno. "The Effect Of Reproductive Health Education On Increasing Pre-Conception Knowledge In Young Girls At Yaspih High School Tangerang Banten In 2023." International Journal of Health and Pharmaceutical (IJHP) 4, no. 1 (February 17, 2024): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.51601/ijhp.v4i1.277.
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Background: Reproductive and sexual health education is very necessary in achieving the growth and development tasks that must be passed by a teenager. The preconception period is the period before conception or before pregnancy occurs and the period between conceptions which can begin within two years before conception. Purpose of Writing: To determine the effect of reproductive health education on increasing pre-conception knowledge for young women. Research Methods: This type of research uses a quasy experimental design with a one group pre-test post-test design, the sample in this study is 74 people, the Wilcoxon statistical analysis test. Research results: there are differences in knowledge before and after being given reproductive health education (p value = 0.000), it can be concluded that the Effect of Reproductive Health Education on Increasing Preconception Knowledge in Young Girls at SMA Yaspih Tangerang Banten. Conclusions and Suggestions: It is hoped that the results of this study can be used as a reference for female students to increase reproductive health knowledge in future pre-conceptional health in women.
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Noviah Rosa Firdaus, Tjandra Kirana, and Endang Susantini. "A Four-tier Test to Identify Students’ Conceptions in Inheritance Concepts." IJORER : International Journal of Recent Educational Research 2, no. 4 (July 31, 2021): 402–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v2i4.128.
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Identification of students' conceptions is an important step before developing suitable learning methods to improve students' understanding. One of the best way to identify students’ conception is the use of diagnostic test. Therefore, the development of diagnostic tests were important in the teaching and learning process to help the teacher determine the students’ conceptions, wheater they have scientific conceptions, lack of knowledge, or misconception. The aim of this research is to develop a valid and reliable four-tier diagnostic test to identify students’ conceptions in inheritance. The research method consists of three main stages: define content, obtaine information about students’ conception, and develop the four-tier test. The result from the research demonstrated that the four-tier test that was developed, was valid and reliable instrument in diagnosing students’ conception in inheritance concepts.
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Mladenovic, Ivan. "Political liberalism and justificatory secularism." Filozofija i drustvo 32, no. 1 (2021): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid2101079m.
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In this paper I analyze C?cile Laborde?s conception of justificatory secularism. Laborde points out that in her formulation and defense of the conception of justificatory secularism, she follows Rawls? conception of political liberalism to a certain extent. For that reason, I first provide a sketch of Rawls? conception of political liberalism. Then I focus on justificatory secularism, trying to show to what extent it displays similarities with the conception of political liberalism, but also how it differs. I am interested in whether justificatory secularism represents a better alternative to the conception of political liberalism or whether these two conceptions should be considered complementary.
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Corkum, Philip. "Meta-conceivability." Essays in Philosophy 13, no. 1 (2012): 196–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eip201213112.
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In addition to conceiving of such imaginary scenarios as those involving philosophical zombies, we may conceive of such things being conceived. Call these higher order conceptions ‘meta-conceptions’. Sorensen (2006) holds that one can entertain a meta-conception without thereby conceiving of the embedded lower-order conception. So it seems that I can meta-conceive possibilities which I cannot conceive. If this is correct, then meta-conceptions provide a counter-example to the claim that possibility entails conceivability. Moreover, some of Sorensen’s discussion suggests the following argument: if the conceivability of some proposition entails its possibility, then the meta-conceivability of some proposition entails its possibility; but we can meta-conceive impossibilities; so conceivability doesn’t entail possibility. In this paper, I’ll argue that one cannot entertain a meta-conception without thereby conceiving of the embedded lower-order conception. And so we can neither meta-conceive impossibilities nor meta-conceive possibilities of which we cannot thereby conceive.
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Mikenberg, Irene, Newton C. A. da Costa, and Rolando Chuaqui. "Pragmatic truth and approximation to truth." Journal of Symbolic Logic 51, no. 1 (March 1986): 201–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2273956.
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There are several conceptions of truth, such as the classical correspondence conception, the coherence conception and the pragmatic conception. The classical correspondence conception, or Aristotelian conception, received a mathematical treatment in the hands of Tarski (cf. Tarski [1935] and [1944]), which was the starting point of a great progress in logic and in mathematics. In effect, Tarski's semantic ideas, especially his semantic characterization of truth, have exerted a major influence on various disciplines, besides logic and mathematics; for instance, linguistics, the philosophy of science, and the theory of knowledge.The importance of the Tarskian investigations derives, among other things, from the fact that they constitute a mathematical, formal mark to serve as a reference for the philosophical (informal) conceptions of truth. Today the philosopher knows that the classical conception can be developed and that it is free from paradoxes and other difficulties, if certain precautions are taken.We believe that is not an exaggeration if we assert that Tarski's theory should be considered as one of the greatest accomplishments of logic and mathematics of our time, an accomplishment which is also of extraordinary relevance to philosophy, as we have already remarked.In this paper we show that the pragmatic conception of truth, at least in one of its possible interpretations, has also a mathematical formulation, similar in spirit to that given by Tarski to the classical correspondence conception.
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Selman, Mark. "Learning and Philosophy of Mind." Canadian Journal for the Study of Adult Education 2, no. 2 (November 1, 1988): 28–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.56105/cjsae.v2i2.2362.
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This paper is an argument in favor of a revised conception of learning in the field of adult education. It suggests that prevailing conceptions in the field refer to learning as a type of internal event or process, without any clear idea about what this implies. It is suggested that such a conception is based on theories of mind which are no longer found to be convincing. An alternative conception is proposed, one which emphasizes the social nature of learning. The paper concludes with some remarks about the effect that the adoption of such a conception would have on theory in the field of adult education. Résumé Cet article propose un nouveau point de vue de l'apprentissage dans le domaine de l'éducation des adultes. Il suggère que les conceptions courantes dans ce domaine parlent de l'apprentissage en tant que processes ou événement interne sans que les implications de ce processus soient spécifiées. Il propose qu'une telle conception est basée sur des théories de l'esprit qui ne sont pas tout à fait convaincantes. Une conception nouvelle est proposée qui souligne la nature sociale de l'apprentissage. L'article se tennine par quelques remarques sur l'effet qu'aurait l'adoption d'une telle conception sur les théories dans le domaine de l'éducation des adultes.
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Shkedi, Asher. "Studying culturally valued texts: teachers’ conception vs. students’ conceptions." Teaching and Teacher Education 17, no. 3 (April 2001): 333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0742-051x(00)00061-5.
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Ostrosi, E., O. Garro, A. Koukam, and D. Brissaud. "CALC, un outil de traçabilité." Revue Française de Gestion Industrielle 20, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.53102/2001.20.01.1045.
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Une entreprise qui souhaite améliorer ses futures conceptions en réutilisant des connaissances acquises dans les conceptions présentes se doit de conserver le produit lui-même, ce qui se fait normalement, mais aussi la logique de conception ayant amené à ce produit, ce qui ne se fait jamais. Cet article présente un cadre formel et un outil pour la prise en compte d'informations portant sur la logique du processus de conception. Ces informations doivent être structurées et organisées pour être utilisées dans des projets de conception futurs et éventuellement pour justifier les décisions prises lors des évolutions futures du projet. Nous examinons tout d’abord le mouvement conjecture-critère sur lequel est basée cette logique de conception et nous montrons qu’il est possible de conserver des informations permettant de tracer cette logique de manière relativement exhaustive. Nous présentons ensuite différents niveaux de représentation de ces informations suivant la réutilisation envisagée. Cette structure est implémentée dans le prototype informatique CALC (Outil d'Aide à la Capitalisation de la Logique de Conception), dont l’usage est discuté.
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Thalos, Mariam. "Two Conceptions of Collectivity." Journal of the Philosophy of History 2, no. 1 (2008): 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187226308x268872.
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AbstractThis paper distinguishes two conceptions of collectivity, each of which tracks the targets of classification according to their aetiology. Collectivities falling under the first conception are founded on (more-or-less) explicit negotiations amongst the members who are known to one another personally. Collectivities falling under the second (philosophically neglected) conception are founded – at least initially – purely upon a shared conception of "we", very often in the absence of prior acquaintance and personal interaction. The paper argues that neglect of collectivities of the second kind renders certain social phenomena (for example, sense of place and certain kinds of conflicted loyalty) inexplicable or invisible. And the paper also stresses that a conception referring to the second kind of collectivity will put us in position to revitalize a variety of important questions, including: Which conception of collectivity best serves the needs of a theory of justice? The paper will contrast the distinction between these two conceptions with the classical Gemeinschaft/Gesellschaft distinction, as well as with the more recent attempts to articulate differences between groups according to membership-structuring norms.
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Weinstock, Daniel M. "A Neutral Conception of Reasonableness?" Episteme 3, no. 3 (October 2006): 234–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/epi.2006.3.3.234.
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ABSTRACTMuch liberal theorizing of the past twenty years has been built around a conception of neutrality and an accompanying virtue of reasonableness according to which citizens ought to be able to view public policy debates from a perspective detached from their comprehensive conceptions of the good. The view of “justificatory neutrality” that emerges from this view is discussed and rejected as embodying controversial views about the relationship of individuals to their conceptions of the good. It is shown to be based upon a “protestant” assumption according to which conceptions of the good can be cashed out in terms of propositionalbeliefs. An alternative conception of reasonableness, grounded in the stable disposition of individuals to prefer social peace over conflict is described. It is argued that it better satisfies the neutralist requirement than do theories of justificatory neutrality.
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CUMMISKEY, DAVID. "Dignity, Contractualism and Consequentialism." Utilitas 20, no. 4 (December 2008): 383–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820808003233.
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Kantian respect for persons is based on the special status and dignity of humanity. There are, however, at least three distinct kinds of interpretation of the principle of respect for the dignity of persons: the contractualist conception, the substantive conception and the direct conception. Contractualist theories are the most common and familiar interpretation. The contractualist assumes that some form of consent or agreement is the crucial factor that is required by respect for persons. The substantive conceptions of dignity, on the other hand, treat the concept of dignity as a substantive value that justifies a deontological conception of respect for persons. A third conception of respect for the dignity of persons, the conception that I favor, focuses directly on the special value of our rational nature. According to this consequentialist conception, we respect the dignity of persons by promoting the flourishing of rational nature.
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Gur Arye, Adam Weiler. "Reid’s Philosophy of Relative and Distinct Conceptions: Qualities, Aesthetics and Ethics." Journal of Scottish Philosophy 20, no. 3 (September 2022): 237–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jsp.2022.0338.
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Reid's discernment between a ‘relative’ and a ‘distinct’ conception plays a significant role in his theory of secondary and primary qualities and in his postulations on ‘instinctive’ and ‘rational’ aesthetic perceptions. However, relative conceptions and, hence, the relative/distinct conception discernment, are absent from one model of aesthetic perception which Reid endorses, as well as from his theory of ‘moral approbation’. This paper aims (1) to explore the importance of Reid's relative/distinct discernment for the conception of qualities and aesthetic features and (2) to point out and explain the significance of a different model of conception, which excludes relative conception, embraced by Reid for a certain context of aesthetic perception and for moral approbation.
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Hacker-Wright, John. "Moral Status in Virtue Ethics." Philosophy 82, no. 3 (July 2007): 449–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031819107000058.
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AbstractMy contention is that virtue ethics offers an important critique of traditional philosophical conceptions of moral status as well as an alternative view of important moral issues held to depend on moral status. I argue that the scope of entities that deserve consideration depends on our conception of the demands of virtues like justice; which entities deserve consideration emerges from a moral view of a world shaped by that conception. The deepest disputes about moral status depend on conflicting conceptions of justice. I advocate a conception of the virtue of justice that can account for the cases that pose problems for the legalistic views of moral status and discuss what ideal moral debate looks like on this view.
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Rodewald, Richard A. "Does Liberalism Rest on a Mistake?" Canadian Journal of Philosophy 15, no. 2 (June 1985): 231–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1985.10716417.
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It is becoming popular among contemporary philosophers to view liberalism as a political morality which rests on a fundamental moral requirement that persons are to be treated equally according to a certain conception of equal respect and concern. On this view, the liberal conception of equal respect and concern requires that conflicts of interests must be decided by appeal to principles which are rationally justifiable on grounds that are neutral or impartial between persons and their competing conceptions of the good life. Ronald Dworkin has expressed this view by contrasting liberalism with political moralities that are founded on conceptions of what constitutes treating persons equally which are ‘at least partly determined by some conception of the good life.‘
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Cuadro, Mariela. "Sovereign Power, Government and Global Liberalism’s Crisis." Contexto Internacional 43, no. 3 (December 2021): 439–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-8529.2019430300001.
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Abstract Abstract: For some time now a leading cause of debate among IR scholars has been the so-called Liberal International Order (LIO) and its assumed crisis. This article pierces this debate from a critical perspective asserting that different conceptions and analytics of power allow diverse questions on and diagnoses of liberalism in the global realm. With this objective, it confronts Ikenberry’s conception of LIO with the Foucauldian notion of liberalism. This is done by identifying the conception of power that underlies each notion of liberalism, assuming the former as performative. This way, it first defines two different conceptions of power: sovereign and governmental. Second, it links Ikenberry’s conception of LIO with the sovereign conception of power and points out the political and analytical effects of this relation, mainly, the hierarchical character of LIO and the consequent desire for a West-led world. Third, it develops Foucault’s conception of liberalism linked to governmental power and establishes some of its political and analytical effects: the importance of a heterarchical notion of power focused on the dimension of subject and subjectivity for the analysis of the present, and the political need to reflect on our practices of freedom.
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Hill, Michael J., Terence M. Vel, Kathryn J. Holm, Steven J. Parr, and Nirmal J. Shah. "Conception." Atoll Research Bulletin 495, no. 3 (2002): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5479/si.00775630.495-3.31.
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GREEN, T. R. G. "Commentary The conception of a conception." Ergonomics 41, no. 2 (February 1998): 143–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/001401398187143.
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Shevchuk, Dmytro, and Kateryna Shevchuk. "Aesthetics and Politics." Symposion 10, no. 2 (2023): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/symposion202310215.
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The paper examines the relationship between aesthetics and politics. In modern humanities, we can find few conceptions of this relationship. These conceptions are not only part of political philosophy or political theory, but also a methodological instrument for analyzing modern politics and aesthetics. They provide an opportunity to understand both the features of contemporary politics and the state of modern aesthetic theory in light of the significant changes that have affected both of these spheres. This article analyzes the main models of the relation between aesthetics and politics. We intend to explore the conception of an aesthetic representation by Frank Ankersmit, the conception of aesthetics as politics by Jacques Rancière, and the conception of the emancipation of society by Gianni Vattimo.
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Surbey, Michele K., Denys De Catanzaro, and Martin S. Smith. "Seasonality of conception in hutterite colonies of Europe (1758–1881) and North America (1858–1964)." Journal of Biosocial Science 18, no. 3 (July 1986): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000016308.
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SummaryBirth records of Hutterite colonies were examined for the presence of seasonal variation in conception rate. Month of conception was inferred by counting back 9 months from date of birth. Over 4300 births, occurring between 1758 and 1964 and spanning the years that the colonies inhabited the Ukraine and then migrated to the United States and Canada, were included in the analysis. When combined, the European and North American births showed a seasonal pattern with a general rise in conceptions from December to June followed by a decline in conceptions from July to November. The major peaks in conceptions were in April and June, with a minor peak in December. Separate examination of the European and American records revealed a secular change. The seasonality of North American conceptions was dramatically reduced when compared to the very distinct European seasonal pattern. It is assumed that both biological and cultural factors are responsible for the seasonal variation observed. The influences of light cycle, date of marriage, and work and holiday schedules on conception rates are discussed.
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Côté-Boudreau, Frédéric. "Le libéralisme politique et le pluralisme des conceptions du juste. Jusqu’où peut aller la tolérance politique ?1." Les ateliers de l'éthique 8, no. 2 (January 17, 2014): 4–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1021334ar.
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Cet article explore les conséquences pour le libéralisme politique de considérer l’existence d’un pluralisme raisonnable au sujet des différentes conceptions du juste. Comment une conception publique de la justice peut se développer malgré un désaccord raisonnable et profond sur les termes mêmes de cette justice ? En comparant le libertarisme, la justice comme équité et l’égalitarisme strict, il sera montré que les concepts fondamentaux de ces conceptions du juste sont essentiellement contestés. En guise de solution, deux conditions seront suggérées afin de faire en sorte que la conception publique de la justice en soit une de tolérance politique : premièrement, elle devra se baser sur une liste de droits minimaux reconnus par les différentes conceptions raisonnables du juste; et deuxièmement, si la conception publique de la justice a pour ambition de se développer au-delà du dénominateur commun, elle devra offrir des mesures compensatoires à ceux supportant des conceptions du juste plus restrictives. À certains égards, cette problématique et ces accommodements s’apparentent à ce qui est déjà proposé au sujet de multiculturalisme.
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Baccarini, Elvio. "Consent or public reason? Legitimacy of norms applied in ASPD and COVID-19 situations." Filozofija i drustvo 32, no. 4 (2021): 674–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid2104674b.
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This paper extends Alan John Simmons?s conceptual distinction between Lockean (or consent) and Kantian (or justificatory) conceptions of legitimacy that he applied to the question of the legitimacy of states, to the issue of legitimacy of public decisions. I criticise the consent conception of legitimacy defended by Simmons, and I defend the Rawlsian version of the justificatory conception of legitimacy from his objection. The approach of this paper is distinctive because the two conceptions are assessed by investigating, using the method of reflective equilibrium, their respective prescriptions concerning the treatment of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and epidemiologic measures. I argue that the method of reflective equilibrium does not support the consent conception. Considering the issues of treatment of APD and of epidemiologic measures, I argue that the consent conception of legitimacy is not well-equipped for the evaluation of norms that are not strictly self-regarding. This causes a deficit of prescriptions for relevant social responses. Further, by considering the case of responses to epidemics, I argue that such a conception can avoid harmful consequences only by recurring to additional, and independent, premises. This does not cause incoherence but reduces the coherence of a normative system. Finally, the consent conception is not equipped to support social cooperation in an optimal way, which has proved to be necessary in critical conditions, like a pandemic. On the other hand, I argue that the method of reflective equilibrium supports the Rawlsian version of justificatory conception of legitimacy, because of its advantages in handling the indicated issues. In addition, I maintain that this justificatory conception is respectful of freedom and equality of agents as moral self-legislators, and, thus, it is not vulnerable to Simmons?s main criticism.
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Prosianyk, Oksana. "LINGUISTIC CONCEPTION AND LINGUISTIC THEORY IN DISCOURSE MEASUREMENT." Studia Linguistica, no. 15 (2019): 222–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/studling2019.15.222-234.
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The article makes an attempt to distinguish between the concepts of scientific theory and scientific conception as functional components of scientific discourse. Both forms of scientific knowledge are interpreted as integral systems of scientific information based on logically reasoned or empirically proven data of rational nature. The fundamental difference between theory and conception is their functional and pragmatic orientation. The theory is understood as logically systematized scientific information of a substantive nature, and the conception is understood as methodologically organized scientific information of a philosophic and subjective character. The author suggests considering the conception as a hierarchically higher and more significant discursive level of organization of scientific knowledge, since the internal integrity and external compatibility of scientific theories completely depends on their discursive consistency within a single conception. The formation of the conception has expressive discursive character, since the conceptions arise in the scientific and philosophic interaction of views. In turn, the author considers the methodology and methodological bases, that make it consistent, to be the core of each scientific conception. The assessment of any linguistic theory should be based on clarifying the methodological essence of scientific conception within which this theory was created.
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Bruckner, DW. "Animal welfare science, varieties of value and philosophical methodology." Animal Welfare 29, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7120/09627286.29.4.387.
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There are competing conceptions of animal welfare in the scientific literature. Debate among proponents of these various conceptions continues. This paper examines methodologies for use in attempting to justify a conception of animal welfare. It is argued that philosophical methodology relying on conceptual analysis has a central role to play in this debate. To begin, the traditional division between facts and values is refined by distinguishing different types of values, or norms. Once this distinction is made, it is argued that the common recognition that any conception of animal welfare is inherently normative is correct, but that it is not ethical normativity that is at issue. The sort of philosophical methodology appropriate to use in investigating the competing normative conceptions of animal welfare is explained. Finally, the threads of the paper are brought together to consider the appropriate role of recent empirical work into folk conceptions of animal welfare in determining the proper conception of animal welfare. It is argued that empirical results about folk conceptions are useful inputs into conceptual philosophical investigation into the competing conceptions of animal welfare. Further mutual inquiry by philosophers and animal welfare scientists is needed to advance our knowledge of what animal welfare is.
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Cross, Bryan R. "A Thomistic, Non-Ableist Conception of Impairment and Disability." National Catholic Bioethics Quarterly 20, no. 2 (2020): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ncbq202020224.
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In this essay, I present a conception of physical impairment as a privation of the actualization of one or more of a creature’s natural capacities. This broadly Thomistic, non-ableist conception of impairment affirms the intrinsic dignity of the person with the impairment. As a result, it stands between the conceptions of disability as a mere difference and disability as a bad difference. Finally, I show how arguments in favor of disabilities’ remaining in heaven generally presuppose a denial of this conception of impairment.
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Wallach, John R. "Platonic Power and Political Realism." Polis, The Journal for Ancient Greek Political Thought 31, no. 1 (April 25, 2014): 28–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340002.
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Abstract Despite often being condemned for having a paradigmatically unrealistic or dangerous conception of power, Plato expends much effort in constructing his distinctive conception of power. In the wake of Socrates’ trial and execution, Plato writes (in Gorgias and Republic I) about conventional (Polus’, Polemarchus’), elitist (Callicles’), and radically unethical (Thrasymachus’) conceptions of power only to ‘refute’ them on behalf of a favoured conception of power allied with justice. Are his arguments as pathetic or wrong-headed as many theorists make them out to be – from Machiavelli to contemporary political realists, from ‘political’ critics of Plato ranging from Popper to Arendt? And if not, has our understanding of power been impoverished? This question has been surprisingly unasked, and it is one I address by asking Plato and his critics: What are the dialectical moves Plato makes in refuting Socrates’s opponents and constructing his own conception of legitimate (i.e., just) power? Exactly how does he interweave his conception of power with a kind of ethics? How does it compare to recent conceptions of political realism and the power-politics/ethics relationship – e.g., after Marx and Foucault? While addressing these questions I also attend to the issue of Plato’s historicity: to what extent do the limits of his language and world affect our reading of Plato and his political critics? Ultimately, I argue that and how Plato’s conception of power and its political dimensions realistically have much to teach us that we have not learned.
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Starr, Paul. "The Relational Public." Sociological Theory 39, no. 2 (April 21, 2021): 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07352751211004660.
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This article sets out three ways of conceiving publics: (1) an organic conception, the public as the body politic; (2) an individualized conception, the public as an aggregate of individuals, grouped by social categories; and (3) a relational conception, in which publics are defined as open-ended networks of actors linked through flows of communication, shared stories, and civic or other collective concerns. These conceptions have emerged not only through theoretical reflection but also as the result of historical and institutional developments. Building on work from Tarde and Habermas down to recent theorists, I seek to advance the relational conception, suggest its implications for research, and highlight its connection to contemporary developments in both theory and society.
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BENBASSAT, ROI. "Yeshayahu Leibowitz: Jewish existentialism." Religious Studies 51, no. 2 (July 14, 2014): 141–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412514000213.
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AbstractThis article presents Yeshayahu Leibowitz's conception of Judaism and characterizes his position as typically religious-existentialist. It confronts Leibowitz's conception with Kantian ethics, refutes the analogy made between these two conceptions, and shows that Leibowitz's response to Kant is analogous to that of Kierkegaard, the Christian existentialist thinker. It considers Leibowitz's religious position a Jewish variation of Kierkegaard's notion of faith in the absurd. Such an analogy enables us not only to elucidate Leibowitz's religious conception but also to evaluate the implications of Kierkegaard's religious thought in a broader context.
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Duke, George. "The Distinctive Common Good." Review of Politics 78, no. 2 (2016): 227–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034670516000036.
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AbstractThis paper defends the traditional distinctive notion of the common good against the claim that it is normatively redundant on the aggregative conception. The first two sections of the paper outline the different candidate conceptions of the common good and the normative role of the common good within natural law theories. The paper then considers some difficulties faced by the instrumental and aggregative conceptions, before developing an Aristotelian account of the distinctive conception of the common good and demonstrating its normative significance for a natural law account of political and legal authority.
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Che Md Ghazali, Nor Hasnida, Norazilawati Abdullah, Syaza Hazwani Zaini, and Mahizer Hamzah. "STUDENT TEACHERS’ CONCEPTION OF FEEDBACK WITHIN AN ASSESSMENT FOR LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: LINK TO PUPIL ASPIRATION." Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan 39, no. 1 (February 9, 2020): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/cp.v39i1.25483.
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Teacher beliefs for conceptualisations of feedback should facilitate pupil development. However, to what extent does the conception of feedback in assessment for learning influence pupil aspirations as commanded by the Malaysian Education Development Plan? Thus, this study is conducted to explore the degree of influence of the conceptions of feedback factors on Pupil Aspiration. A survey research design is used in this study using a self-report inventory on feedback conceptions and pupil aspirations. The participants involved are 490 student teachers who have completed their teaching practical in the government schools in their previous semester. The feedback conception inventory adapted from the Teacher Conceptions of Feedback (TCoF) is used to measure the conception of feedback and the instrument for Pupil Aspiration is developed by the researchers. A structural equation modelling software, the Analysis of Moment Structures was used to test the hypothesized relationship. The analysis involves two-stage approach. Results of the study indicated that the proposed model was supported, and thus revealing that feedback conceptions was associated with Pupil Aspirations. Ten inter-correlated constructs had good psychometric properties. All the nine constructs of feedback conceptions loaded positively on pupil aspirations. The findings will give rise to further hypotheses which could close the gap of the research.
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Gizbert-Studnicki, Tomasz. "Nieostrość języka prawnego w świetle filozoficznych koncepcji nieostrości." Studia Iuridica, no. 83 (February 19, 2021): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2020-83.2.
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The purpose of the paper is to discuss the usefulness of application of various philosophical conceptions of vagueness to the problem of vagueness in law. Although it cannot be expected that any philosophical conception may solve the practical problems of interpretation and application of vague terms in legal texts, the philosophy of language may help lawyers to better understand their problems. The paper describes main philosophical conceptions of vagueness and in particular metaphysical, epistemic, semantic, and pragmatic theories. It is argued that the pragmatic conception of vagueness has the best explanatory force with respect to the problem of vagueness in law. The application of this conception, however, must be based on acceptance of internalistic theory of meaning and on the assumption that the purpose of legal interpretation is to reveal the intention of the legislator. Both assumptions are controversial.
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Woodard, Christopher. "Three Conceptions of Group-Based Reasons." Journal of Social Ontology 3, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 107–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jso-2016-0006.
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AbstractGroup-based reasons are reasons to play one’s part in some pattern of action that the members of some group could perform, because of the good features of the pattern. This paper discusses three broad conceptions of such reasons. According to the agency-first conception, there are no group-based reasons in cases where the relevant group is not or would not be itself an agent. According to the behaviour-first conception, what matters is that the other members of the group would play their parts in the relevant pattern, not whether they would have the cooperative intentional states constitutive of group agency in doing so. This paper argues against these conceptions and in favour of the powers-first conception, according to which what matters is that the members of the group have practically relevant powers.
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Sinclair, Adriana, and Michael Byers. "When US Scholars Speak of ‘Sovereignty’, what do they Mean?" Political Studies 55, no. 2 (June 2007): 318–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2007.00665.x.
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The term ‘sovereignty’ figures prominently in international affairs and academic analysis. But does ‘sovereignty’ mean the same thing in different countries and political cultures? In this article, we examine conceptions of sovereignty as they appear in the writings of US scholars of international law and those international relations scholars who deal with international law, in order to obtain a clearer picture of what ‘sovereignty’ means in American academic discourse. At first glance, the US literature is dominated by two distinct conceptions of sovereignty: (1) a statist conception that privileges the territorial integrity and political independence of governments regardless of their democratic or undemocratic character; (2) a popular conception that privileges the rights of peoples rather than governments, especially when widespread human rights violations are committed by a totalitarian regime. On closer examination, what seem to be two conceptions are in fact different manifestations of a single, uniquely American conception of sovereignty which elevates the United States above other countries and protects it against outside influences while concurrently maximising its ability to intervene overseas.
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Lecourtois, Caroline. "Conception de l'espace et espace de conception." Travaux de l'Institut Géographique de Reims 30, no. 119 (2004): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/tigr.2004.1481.
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Braude, P. "Assisted conception. III--Problems with assisted conception." BMJ 327, no. 7420 (October 18, 2003): 920–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7420.920.
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Chenu, A., and J. P. Tassin. "Le plaisir : conception neurobiologique et conception freudienne." L'Encéphale 40, no. 2 (April 2014): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2013.06.003.
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Romashko, Anton. "Conceptual approaches to the application of principle of proportionality." Yearly journal of scientific articles “Pravova derzhava”, no. 33 (September 2022): 568–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/1563-3349-2022-33-568-574.
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Upon the Article 8 of the Constitution of Ukraine the principle of the rule of law is recognized and eff ective in Ukraine. It is generally accepted that the principle of proportionality is a key component (sub-principle) of the rule of law along with the principle of legal certainty, principle of separation of powers, equality before the law, judicial independence. The principle of proportionality is considered to be one of the most transparent and eff ective mechanisms for the protection of human rights nowadays. Even though the principle of proportionality is a well-known principle both for the national and foreign jurisprudence, only a few foreign articles are devoted to the conceptions of application of the principle of proportionality while such studies are absent in Ukraine at all. Therefore, in our opinion, there is a need to analyze modern conceptions of application of principle of proportionality in order to start the scientific discussion in Ukraine because approaches to its application aff ect the results of the application of the latter. There are two conceptions of principle of proportionality application: optimizing conception and state-limiting conception. These two conceptions can be distinguished from one another by the extent of juridical activism and extent of right protection based on its content. Proceeding from examination of two main conceptions of principle of proportionality application: optimizing and state-limiting conceptions, the following features of these conceptions can be highlighted. As for the optimizing conception, assimilation (equating) of right and public interest, balancing between the right and public interest, equal protection of both rights and public interest, the rule of law shall be achieved through the balancing, not through the limiting the state. On the other hand, when it comes to the state-limiting conception – there is a clear distinction between the rights and public interest, absolute primacy of rights over any public interest, wide discretion of the judiciary, the rule of law shall be achieved through the protection of human rights. Key words: Rule of law, principle of proportionality, conceptions, limitation of government, human rights.
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Mji, Andile, and Emily N. Klass. "Psychometric Characteristics of the Conceptions of Mathematics Questionnaire." Psychological Reports 88, no. 3 (June 2001): 825–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.88.3.825.
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This study describes the psychometric characteristics of the 19-item Conceptions of Mathematics Questionnaire for a total of 158 students (86 women and 72 men). The coefficient α of internal consistency reliability was .75. Principal components analysis with varimax rotation indicated a two-component solution could be extracted. The two theoretically meaningful dimensions were fragmented conceptions (α = .80) and cohesive conceptions (α = .80). The former entails seeing mathematics as number rules and formulae to be used to solve problems. Students who hold this conception use rote learning and memorization. In contrast, the latter entails seeing mathematics as a complex logical system for solving complex problems. Students with such a conception approach learning to attain, develop, and apply knowledge.
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Sebestik, Jan. "La dispute de Bolzano avec Kant." Articles 30, no. 1 (February 25, 2004): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/007731ar.
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Résumé Ce dialogue confronte deux conceptions qui dominent jusqu’à nos jours la philosophie des mathématiques : d’un côté la conception kantienne qui souligne l’irréductible apport de l’intuition dans la formulation des axiomes, ainsi que l’effectivité des procédés de construction ; de l’autre côté la conception bolzanienne qui s’efforce d’éliminer toute intervention de l’intuition au profit des démonstrations et des procédés purement conceptuels.
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Valsechi, Daniel Felix, and Maria Cristina da Costa Marques. "Health equity for homelessness: a critical review." Saúde em Debate 47, no. 139 (October 2023): 957–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-1104202313917i.
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ABSTRACT The notion of equity in health manifests itself in modern societies through different ideas and operational proposals. Concerning homeless persons, equity dialogues with equality and justice to mobilize several applications in health: while the liberal conception of equity in health seeks to favor the health conditions of this population without breaking with the current mode of production, the critical conception aims to expand health conditions and needs in the struggle for an emancipated society. With the aim of characterizing the conceptions of equity in health expressed in the scientific literature on this population, this study carried out a critical review of the articles available on online search portals databases. 1,716 publications were identified in the initial sample and 35 articles were included in the review after application of methodological procedures. The articles were characterized in relation to the ideas and applications of equity in health for the homeless population, discussing methodology, justice and equality, distinction between conceptions, health-disease process, public policies and the COVID-19 pandemic. It points to the dominance of the liberal conception in the literature on this population and the need for investigations from the critical conception.