Academic literature on the topic 'Conception technique – Innovation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Conception technique – Innovation":
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Mangematin, Vincent. "Entre marketing et innovation: la gestion du début du processus de compétition technologique." Recherche et Applications en Marketing (French Edition) 7, no. 4 (December 1992): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/076737019200700402.
Abstract:
A l'aide de l'exemple des technologies de guidage routier, cet article montre comment tant les utilisateurs que les concurrents sont partiellement déterminés par les caractéristiques du produit. Il est dès lors indispensable de disposer d'une méthodologie d'analyse de la technique en train de se faire pour orienter à la fois les développements techniques et les actions de marketing. Le rôle des hommes de marketing est ainsi étendu aux phases de conception du produit.
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Vîlcu, Adrian, Ionuţ Nacu, Bogdan Vîrlan, Ionuţ-Viorel Herghiligiu, Sandu Lupăcescu, and Alin Dragomir. "Incremental Innovation Methodology that Combines Computerized Modelling and Simulation with Value Analysis and Engineering Method." Bulletin of the Polytechnic Institute of Iași. Electrical Engineering, Power Engineering, Electronics Section 68, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bipie-2022-0020.
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Abstract Current research responds to the need to add value to a product right from the conception phase and incrementally whenever the product’s customers demand it. Thus, this paper presents a hybrid method of adding value to a single-phase asynchronous motor by combining computerized modelling and simulation of a single-phase asynchronous motor with an incremental innovation technique based on value analysis and engineering for functional optimization of this device. The methodology combines these two techniques to obtain a customer-oriented product with optimally dimensioned functions that correspond to the needs of the device’s customers. The novelty of the work consists of the research methodology, which includes the application of functional analysis method during the design and redesign stages of a single-phase asynchronous motor.
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Coles-Black, Jasamine, Ian Chao, Jason Chuen, Nathan Lawrentschuk, Dennis Gyomber, and Damien Bolton. "3D Printing – an avenue for accessible innovation in urology." Journal of 3D Printing in Medicine 4, no. 3 (September 2020): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/3dp-2020-0015.
Abstract:
3D printing is a novel manufacturing technique that allows surgeons to turn their ideas into reality within the healthcare environment. While surgeons are accustomed to assuming a position of leadership where frontier technologies intersect with patient care, barriers to the uptake of 3D printing include lack of expertise among surgeons, and the perceived cost and inaccessibility of the technology. This special report highlights the ease and cost–effectiveness of this new technology with a uro-oncological lens. We highlight the example of a 3D printed flexible urostomy trainer developed to educate patients on stoma care prior to ileal conduit surgery, which was 3D printed in our hospital for £0.15 within an hour of conception by our urology department.
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Collin, Simon, Alexandre Lepage, and Léo Nebel. "Ethical and Critical Issues of Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Systematic Review of the Literature." Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology 49, no. 4 (February 6, 2024): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21432/cjlt28448.
Abstract:
Bien qu’ils aient été étudiés depuis les années 2000, les enjeux que suscitent les systèmes d’intelligence artificielle (IA) lorsqu’ils sont utilisés éducation (SIA-ED) font actuellement l’objet d’une attention croissante dans la littérature scientifique. Il est toutefois difficile d’en avoir une vue synthétique car ils sont abordés par les chercheurs et chercheuses au travers de terrains éducatifs, de techniques computationnelles et d’angles d’analyse hétérogènes. Aussi, l’objectif de cet article est de mener une revue systématique de la littérature sur les enjeux éthiques et critiques des SIA-ED afin d’en avoir un meilleur portrait. Une analyse de 58 documents scientifiques nous a amenés à identifier 70 enjeux éthiques et critiques des SIA-ED, que nous avons organisés sous 6 tensions : complexité des situations éducatives vs standardisation technique ; agentivité des acteurs et actrices scolaires vs automatisation technique ; justice scolaire vs rationalité technique ; gouvernance scolaire vs conception technique ; besoin d’intelligibilité des acteurs et actrices scolaires vs opacité technique ; dignité des acteurs et actrices scolaires vs exploitation des données.
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Hesser, Franziska, Daniela Groiß-Fürtner, Leona Woitsch, and Claudia Mair-Bauernfeind. "Ex-Ante Eco-Efficiency Assessment of Dendromass Production: Conception and Experiences of an Innovation Project." Land 12, no. 4 (April 6, 2023): 839. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12040839.
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Rising demand for bio-based products exerts growing pressure on natural resources such as wood. The agricultural technique of short rotation coppice (SRC) to produce dendromass from fast growing trees has gained relevance to ease the pressure of demand for wood from forests. The European-funded project Dendromass4Europe supports the establishment of SRC in Western Slovakia and its biomass use for four new bio-based materials, in the context of a developing bioeconomy. Along with the development of the SRC and material value chains, eco-efficiency assessment is carried out to anticipate areas of critical concern and derive measures for improvement. Among many other assessment approaches, eco-efficiency assessment was conducted by combining Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and socio-economic assessment to optimize the whole production system towards eco-efficiency. An LCA study provided necessary data to assess the environmental performance. The added value and revenue results from the socio-economic assessment were used to assess the economic performance. The value chain of the moulded fibre parts shows the best eco-efficiency value, but only because its economic performance is comparatively strong. The lightweight boards have the least environmental impact but do not perform so well in terms of eco-efficiency. The overall eco-efficiency of the full value chain can be optimized only with a specific combination of all four dendromass-based materials within the whole production system.
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Abeguilé-Petit, Catherine. "Machinisme à vapeur et innovation dans la marine sous la Restauration : l’affaire de l’ingénieur Frimot (1790-1866)." Revue Historique des Armées 246, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rha.246.0100.
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Jeune ingénieur des Ponts et Chaussées passionné par l'évolution de l'énergie vapeur et de l'énergie hydraulique, qui servira de base à ses travaux, Jacques Frimot (1790-1866) établit en 1822 à Landerneau (département du Finistère), près de l'arsenal de Brest qui doit être son principal client, un établissement de construction de machines à vapeur de conception très innovante. Encouragé d'abord par les administrateurs de l'arsenal de Brest, qu'il équipe de ses premières machines à vapeur, destinées à l'épuisement des bassins de construction navale, Frimot élabore par la suite un modèle de machine marine à haute pression totalement inédit. Mais il avait repoussé sans doute trop loin et trop vite les capacités techniques de son temps car ses travaux, bien qu'ardemment soutenus par le physicien François Arago, ne sont pas reconnus à leur juste valeur et il se retrouve brutalement mis à l'écart en 1835. La marine de la Restauration, fragilisée par l'instabilité de ses ministères, n'était encore que peu réceptive au progrès technique national auquel elle apportera tant par la suite.
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Weymer, Alex Sandro Quadros, Heitor Takashi Kato, Claudimar Pereira Da Veiga, and Alex Antônio Ferraresi. "The Influence of Relational Learning of a Transnational Egocentric Network on Innovation Competence for Internationalization." Modern Applied Science 11, no. 7 (June 9, 2017): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v11n7p38.
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The purpose of this article is to evaluate the influence of a transnational egocentric network on the innovation competence for internationalization for a transnational focal organization—considered one of the main players in the telecommunications sector worldwide. The theoretical–empirical framework relies on the perspectives of innovation, relational learning, and relational embeddedness in inter-organizational networks. With regard to methodology, the design chosen for this research was data collection, since it deals with relational data treated dyadically, using the network analysis technique to identify the egocentric network configuration with the use of UCINET software. We conclude that the studied network is oriented toward innovation and the analyzed variables show a high degree of complexity, especially in relation to the wide-reaching treatment of innovation as overlapping with the traditional indicators and with an emphasis on technology or research and development. In this sense, the main contribution of this research is to show that the traditional conception of organizational competence as an internal resource can be extended to the perspective of relational embeddedness by considering innovation for internationalization as an inter-organizational level of competence, creating the need to undertake new studies that will complement the explanatory power, in addition to the learning dimensions, that are contemplated in this research.
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Nurbayan, Yayan, Sofyan Sauri, and Anwar Sanusi. "Developing an International Standardized Arabic Language Education Curriculum: Introducing a Conception-Focused Design and Outcome." Al-Ta'rib : Jurnal Ilmiah Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Arab IAIN Palangka Raya 9, no. 2 (December 2, 2021): 155–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.23971/altarib.v9i2.3264.
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This research aimed to explore the concept of developing an international standard Arabic curriculum in universities. This curriculum development concept focused on curriculum design and graduate profiles. This study used a library research approach. The data analysis technique used the interactive data analysis model proposed by Miles et al including data collection, data reduction, data display, and concluding. The study's results showed that the development of an international standard curriculum viewed consisted of 10 steps, namely research and collection, planning, developing initial products, conducting preliminary tests in the field, revising products, conducting field tests, revising operational products, conducting operational testing in the field, final product revision, and deployment and implementation. Meanwhile, the profile of Arabic education program graduates formulated consisted of three aspects: graduates with competence as teachers, employability skills, and 21st-century skills. Based on the results of this study, it is expected to bring enlightenment and academic horizons to education providers in higher education in developing an international standard Arabic curriculum.
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Rueda Márquez de la Plata, Adela, and Pablo Alejandro Cruz Franco. "Analysis of the First Metallic Works That Represented a Geometric Innovation in Their Architectural Application: The Origin of the Architecture-Engineering Dichotomy." Metals 13, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met13010032.
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This research analyses the geometric modifications and improvements that the application of the technique of metallurgy meant for architecture. In the early days of engineering and without having the historical burden that architecture bore, the small variations in the classical definition of geometry meant the greatest advances at a structural and conceptual level in the world of metal structures. The use of metal as a structural element capable of containing new uses and responding to the great challenges that progress required was definitive for the development of the new architecture and paradigms of the new century. The new metallic materials and their mathematical and constructive models were the cause and effect of what would be the basis of the great change in modern architecture and engineering and would lay the foundations of today’s world. The interaction of these two new disciplines, architecture and engineering, and their relationship with metal is the basis of this research, which aims to find out where, when, and how these geometric changes took place that started to change the conception of metal structures.
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Pöchhacker, Franz. "“Going simul?” Technology-assisted Consecutive Interpreting1." FORUM / Revue internationale d’interprétation et de traduction / International Journal of Interpretation and Translation 5, no. 2 (October 1, 2007): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/forum.5.2.06poc.
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La prédominance de l'interprétation consécutive à base de notes, développée et utilisée par la première génération d'interprètes de la Ligue des Nations en vue des longs discours prononcés à la tribune a été cruciale pour la professionalistion de l'interprétariat au 20e siècle. Cependant, ce mode a perdu sa prédominance face à l'interprétation simultanée assistée par la technologie. Suite à l'essort d'appareils d'enregistrement numérique au format de poche, la technique classique de l'interprétation consécutive doit peut être faire face à son plus grand défi. En effet, la combinaison entre la mémoire de l'interprète et ses notes est remplacée par un fichier audio qui sert de base à une interprétation simultanée rendue une fois que l'intervention source a été rendue. Lancé par l'interprète du SCIC, Michèle Ferrari en 2001, cette innovation technologique soulève un certain nombre de questions pour les practiciens et les chercheurs. Certaines questions ont été traitées à l'occasion de test initiaux. L'étude décrit ce nouveau mode hybride d'interprétation au vu de sa conception et des répercussion au niveau de la communication. De plus, l'article présente un projet de recherche de faible envergure conçu pour évaluer l'efficacité de cette technique. Sont également décrit l'équipement utilisé ainsi que le retour d'informaton de la part des interprètes professionnels ayant testé cette technique. Au vu des résultats de travaux sur le terrain menés à Bruxelles, cette étude se concentre sur la réception du rendu consécutif (simultané) perçu par le public.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Conception technique – Innovation":
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Cortes, Robles Guillermo. "Management de l'innovation technologique et des connaissances : synergie entre la théorie TRIZ et le raisonnement à partir de cas : application en génie des procédés et systèmes industriels." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. https://hal.science/tel-04576548.
Abstract:
Les méthodologies traditionnelles de résolution de problèmes comme le brainstorming, la synectique, la méthode d'essais-erreurs, etc. Trouvent leurs limites lorsqu'elles sont confrontées à un problème inventif ou problème contenant une contradiction (conditions sous laquelle deux exigences ou besoins d'un système sont mutuellement exclusives, mais doivent être associés afin d'atteindre un même objectif). Ce type de problèmes est généralement résolu en acceptant un important degré de compromis et avec une direction aléatoire de recherche d'une solution, qui se traduit par une efficacité inferieure à celle atteignable par d'autres méthodes. L'arrivée de la théorie de résolution des problèmes inventifs ou théorie TRIZ a éliminé ces inconvénients. Cette approche, basée sur l'évolution historique des systèmes techniques, a produit une vision où l'innovation est considérée comme une ressource maîtrisable pouvant être appliquée systématiquement. Paradoxalement, cette approche basée sur la connaissance et applicable à n'importe quelle discipline ou domaine, ne possède pas la capacité à mémoriser, ce qui s'avère indispensable pour l'apprentissage. De ce fait, les connaissances qui ont servi et qui ont été créées lors de la résolution d'une contradiction, ne peuvent pas être réutilisées. Cet inconvénient est un facteur négatif pour la performance de TRIZ lors de la résolution d'un problème inventif. Parallèlement, une autre approche a développé la capacité à identifier, stocker et réutiliser la connaissance : la gestion des connaissances. Cette capacité est mise en œuvre dans le raisonnement à partir de cas (RàPC). Cette approche, dont l'efficacité est basée sur l'aspect spécifique au domaine d'application, utilise les expériences acquises pendant la résolution des problèmes passés, afin d'aborder la résolution des problèmes nouveaux. Toutefois, le RàPC, de par sa nature, ne prend pas en considération les solutions qui ont été développées dans d'autres domaines. Cela limite fortement la capacité du RàPC à proposer une solution nouvelle ou innovante. De plus, la mémoire du système ne peut pas apporter une solution pour une situation qui n'a pas été identifiée et résolue auparavant. Les limites et la complémentarité constatées dans les deux approches, ont servi de base pour la proposition d'un nouveau modèle. Ce modèle offre une approche qui combine la vision technologique de la théorie TRIZ et la capacité à mémoriser et réutiliser la connaissance développée par le raisonnement à partir de cas. La synergie entre ces deux approches permet d'un côté, de diriger les efforts créatifs lors de la résolution d'un problème inventif et de l'autre, de réutiliser la connaissance déployée lors de ce processus. La capacité de cette nouvelle approche est illustrée au travers d'études de cas issues du génie des procédés et du génie industrielTraditional problems solving methodologies like brainstorming, synectics, trial and error, etc. Find their limits when they are facing inventive problems or problems that could be described like contradictions. A contradiction exists when two different and mutually exclusive requirements, states or conditions in a system, have to be present and act together, with the aim to accomplish same objectives. Trade off is usually the most used way to solve this kind of problem, also characterized by a random search of solutions. These situations have a negative impact over performance, which could be improved by applying other methodologies and tools. The theory of inventive problem solving or TRIZ theory has the capacity to eliminate these negative aspects described above and to produce innovative solutions to contradictions. This approach, which is different from the traditional psychology based approaches, is knowledge based. The particular vision of TRIZ is based on the history of technological evolution. TRIZ considers innovation like a process which can be controlled and deployed systematically. Paradoxically, this knowledge based approach with transversal domain application, does not have the capacity to memorise, which is fundamental for learning. Consequently, knowledge that has been employed and created while solving inventive problems can not be reused. This drawback has a negative effect on problem solving performance while deploying TRIZ. Knowledge management has developed the capacity to identify, store and reuse knowledge. This is the core capacity of several knowledge management methodologies, among them is, the Case-Based Reasoning (CBR). The performance of this problem solving tool, lies essentially in its capacity to offer a pragmatic answer for specific domain problems. CBR systems solve a new problem by identifying its similarity to one or several previously solved problems stored in a memory and by adapting their known solutions. Since CBR application is domain specific, CBR cannot consider the solutions that have already been identified in others domains while solving new problems. This characteristic limits the CBR's capacity to propose innovative solutions to a problem. Besides, a shortcoming is revealed when a CBR system faces a problem that had not been solved in the past. If this situation occurs, the memory cannot find a similar problem and consequently, no solution is proposed. The limits and the complementarity observed between TRIZ and CBR are employed to propose a new model. This model presents an approach that combines the technological vision of TRIZ and the ability developed by CBR to memorize and to reuse knowledge. This synergy allows in the fist place, to steer the creative effort when facing inventive problems and in the second, to reuse knowledge that had been acquired in past problems. The capability of this new approach is illustrated by its application in process engineering and industrial engineering
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Idrissi, Bouraqadi Azeddine. "Extraction par solvant : étude et modélisation du système tributylphosphate-acides monocarboxyliques." Toulouse, INPT, 2006. https://hal.science/tel-04577752.
Abstract:
Ce travail porte sur l'étude de l'extraction liquide-liquide comme méthode de récupération et de valorisation des acides carboxyliques dans les effluents agroindustriels. La faisabilité d'un tel procédé passe par l'étude des équilibres mis en jeu lors du processus d'extraction. Dans un premier temps, une étude détaillée du mécanisme dit de réaction à l'interface a permis de déterminer les limites d'application de ce modèle quand les paramètres opératoires changent. Cette critique a débouché sur une révision des hypothèses fondatrices de ce modèle. Tenant compte de la solubilité du Tributylphosphate en phase aqueuse, un nouveau modèle dit de « réaction dans la phase aqueuse » a été proposé. Il a été appliqué avec succès sur cinq monoacides avec un large domaine de concentrations initiales en acide, trois taux de solvant et huit concentration en extractant (TBP) dilué dans le dodécane. Enfin, le modèle a été extrapolé et validé sur des données d'équilibre liquideliquide lors de l'extraction d'un mélange de deux acides carboxyliquesThis work concerns the study of the liquid-liquid extraction as a method of recovery and valorization of the carboxylic acids in agro-industrial's effluents. The feasibility of such a process can be established only by investigating all the equilibria involved during the process of extraction. Initially, a detailed study of the mechanism known as « reaction at the interface » made it possible to touch the limits of application of this model when the operational parameters change, thus, this criticism led to a revision of the assumptions on which this model is founded. Taking into account the solubility of Tributylphosphate in aqueous phase, a model known as of “reaction in the aqueous phase” was proposed. It was applied successfully to five monoacids with a broad area of initial concentration of acid, three solvent ratios and eight concentration of extractant (TBP) diluted in dodecane. Finally, the model was extrapolated and validated on liquid-liquid equilibrium data with two carboxylic acids extracted at the same time
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Chapotot, Emilie. "Proposition d'une approche Usage Lifecycle Management (ULM) pour capitaliser les usages et favoriser la génération de concepts innovants de produits et services." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13887/document.
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Le contexte économique actuel fait naître de nouveaux besoins chez les entreprises. L’élargissement du marché et la multiplication de la concurrence impliquent de nouveaux objectifs pour les industriels et doivent adapter leur mode de fonctionnement et leur organisation pour les atteindre. Les efforts se portent sur la minimisation de la distance existante entre concepteurs et clients. Cet éloignement est souvent à l’origine de mauvaises compréhensions et de dérivations par rapport à la demande client initiale. Désormais, le client est placé au cœur du processus de conception pour mieux intégrer ses exigences et ainsi satisfaire ses besoins. Ces nouvelles pratiques se démocratisent grâce à l’évolution du web vers le web 2.0 facilitant la communication et la formation de réseaux sociaux. Les systèmes de management de l’information actuellement implémentés dans les entreprises présentent des limites. Les systèmes PLM gérant les informations relatives au produit tout au long de son cycle de vie, traitent peu de l’interaction utilisateur/produit qui pourtant s’avère porteuse d’informations stratégiques pour l’amélioration de la conception et l’innovation de produits. En considérant l’interaction entre un utilisateur et un produit dans un contexte donné, il est possible d’identifier les contraintes liées aux usages de cet utilisateur. C’est sur ces informations d’usage que notre recherche s’est orienté afin d’améliorer la compréhension des besoins clients et déceler des idées innovantes de produits. En élargissant la notion d’utilisateur plutôt associé au client, nous souhaitons y inclure également les employés, les revendeurs et détaillants qui sont à leurs tours à un moment donnée du cycle de vie du produit des utilisateurs. Dans cette optique, nous proposons une approche appelée ULM (Usage Lifecycle Management) qui s’inscrit dans une dynamique de management des usages de divers produits, utilisateurs et environnements. Notre travail s’est axé sur la phase de capitalisation de ces usages à travers les processus aval du cycle de vie, utilisation/commercialisation, maintenance et recyclage. Pour cela, nous proposons l’approche ULM au travers d’une plateforme web externalisée qui se situe au carrefour de plusieurs utilisateurs. Cet outil baptisé C 3 pour Conception Consommation Communication s’oriente autour d’un trièdre utilisateur/produit/contexte pour capitaliser et formaliser les informations d’usage d’un produit. C’est en pensant conjointement les usages et les concepts qu’il sera possible d’aboutir à des produits innovants capables de faire la différence sur un marché ultra concurrentielThe current economical context implies news needs for companies. Market spread and competitor’s multiplication imply new objectives for companies which must adapt their functioning process and organization to succeed. Efforts focus on minimizing the distance between designers and customers. This distance often originates misunderstandings and deviations related to the initial customer’s demands. The customer is now placed at the core of the design process in order to better integrate his expectations and satisfy his needs. These new practices democratize themselves thanks to the web evolution towards web 2.0, which facilitates communication and triggered the apparition of social networks. Current information management system implement in companies have limitations. Product-Life Management (PLM) systems manage product-related information over its lifetime. They only slightly encompass the user/product interactions, hence missing strategic information for improving products design and innovations. We consider the interactions between a user and a product within a given context and identify the constraints linked to the use of the product. We oriented our research toward this usage information in order to detect the customer’s needs and better initiate product-related innovations. We widen the notion of user to include employees, retailers and suppliers who punctually interact with the product in its lifecycle. To address this issue, we suggest an approach named ULM (Usage Lifecycle Management). This approach involves a new dynamic for managing usage for several product, users and environments. Our work is axed on the usages capitalization phase through downstream lifecycle processes, use/commercialization, maintenance and recycling. We hence concretize our ULM approach trough an outsourced web platform placed as a center point for users. This tool, named C³ for Conception Consumption Communication, is articulated around the user/product/context triangle to capitalize and formalize product usage information. Only through joint reflexion over usages and concepts will it be to reach innovative products able to make a difference in an ultra-competitive market
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Roulet, Nicolas. "Modélisation du processus d'innovation technologique en PME-PMI : application à la conception d'une nouvelle technologie de fabrication basée sur la technique laser." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002065.
Abstract:
Aujourd'hui face à une concurrence internationale de plus en plus vive, les petites et moyennes entreprises françaises se doivent d'optimiser leur triptyque "Coût/Qualité/Délais" en développant de nouvelles technologies de fabrication. Il est vrai que pour répondre à des marchés de plus en plus complexes et à une compétitivité de plus en plus intense, l'innovation technologique devient un critère stratégique pour une grande majorité des sociétés françaises. Cependant innover technologiquement n'est pas quelque chose de simple ni d'innée. C'est un processus qui fait appel à la pluridisciplinarité et plus particulièrement à la réunion de diverses compétences techniques complémentaires. Ceci incite les sociétés à innover en partenariat avec des centres de recherche et des sociétés expertes. Mais pour assurer la pérennité de leur entreprise et de leur futur processus de fabrication, les industriels se doivent d'être capable de maîtriser leurs innovations au terme de leur "co-développement". Face à ces situations qui ne facilitent pas la réussite d'une innovation technologique, nous avançons deux hypothèses: la conception d'une démarche de collaboration dès les phases amont du projet innovant et la réalisation d'un saut technologique par la définition d'un seuil minimum de connaissances techniques à maîtriser. Nous avons expérimenté ces propositions dans le cadre d'un projet de conception d'un procédé de rechargement laser de cylindres de découpe. Le résultat de cette recherche nous a permis de proposer un modèle de processus d'innovation technologique pouvant servir de support aux responsables de projet en PME.
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Arrighi, Pierre-Antoine. "Modèles d’intégration des designers créatifs dans les processus de conception industriels." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0016/document.
Abstract:
De décisifs et puissants enjeux d'innovation ainsi que de renouvellement del'identité des objets bouleversent le monde industriel. De telles aptitudes créativessont usuellement associées aux designers industriels. Cependant, ces professionnelsne sont actuellement pas intégrés dans les processus numériques deconception.Afin de décrire ce paradoxe, nous formulons l'hypothèse que, l'omniprésencedans l'industrie de modèles de la conception de type séquentiel, qui juxtaposentcréativité et développement produit, entrave l'intégration des designers industrielsau sein des processus industriels. En effet, en compartimentant la conceptionen silos, ce type de modèles généralistes inhibe les méthodes spécifiquesdes concepteurs créatifs. Bien plus, les outils numériques adjoints au modèle séquentielétant calqués sur sa logique, ils reproduisent et les inconvénients d'unetelle structuration.En mobilisant quatre disciplines académiques qui traitent des outils numériques,à savoir les sciences informatiques, cognitives, de gestion et les théoriesde la conception, nous élaborons un nouveau modèle «dit stratifié». Ce dernierrévèle les modes de raisonnement empruntés par les concepteurs créatifs ainsique la nature des produits élaborés dans les environnements logiciels. A ce titre,l'entreprise Dassault Systèmes ainsi que la suite CATIA se sont révélés un substratde recherche idéal. Comme attendu, notre nouveau modèle propose desassertions inédites qui sont validées au cours de notre travail. Nous avons alorsdémontré que :1/ Certains ateliers de conception favorisent simultanément robustesse et générativité.Nous qualifions cette nouvelle propriété d'«originalité acquise».2/ Les avatars dans le logiciel ne résultent pas d'un raffinement progressif del'objet mais sont plutôt l'instanciation d'une base de règles paramétrée.3/ Les designers industriels requièrent des outils distincts de ceux employés parles artistes 3D ou les ingénieurs, de par la nature de leur conception. Plus exactement,ces professionnels génèrent des modèles conceptuels selon une logiquede singularité de masse.Ces résultats offrent ainsi la perspective engageante de l'émergence d'unenouvelle génération d'outils numériques de conception. Ces outils inédits serontaptes à intégrer les designers industriels et à proposer de l'innovation à la deMany studies show that industrial design is key to triggering, fostering andsustaining innovation. However, the unique capacities of creation and innovationof industrial designers make it challenging for them to thrive within industrialenvironments.The challenge for companies is to create the optimal work environment forthose professionals, while ensuring their work can be integrated smoothly intothe existing industrial design processes. We assume this dilemma is partiallystemming from the intensive use of sequential design models in the industry.Design tools were developed on the assumption that creative front end andproduct development should be separated.We introduce here a new model, aiming at depicting accurately the reasoningmodes and the nature of the object being designed with the digital ComputerAided Design (CAD) suites. This model is the result of the joint mobilization offour academic fields : computer, cognitive and management science and designtheories. Dassault Systèmes and their CATIA software have proven to be an excellentresearch environment for such questions. As we have been thinking, thenew model (laminated) makes three new hypothesis. Those unheard assertionshave been suggested and validated with this thesis :1/ Some specific design workshops are able to provide simultaneously robust andgenerative design capacities. We call this characteristic «acquired originality».2/ The object representations within by the software are not the result of successiverefinements but derive directly from a parameterized set of rules.3/ Industrial designers have specific requirements for CAD tools, different fromtheir engineers and artists counterparts because what they design is fundamentallydifferent. IDs generate conceptual models using a mass singularity technique.Those results sketch the emergence of a new generation of CAD tools forindustrial designers and able to foster innovation
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Xu, Jing. "Dynamic knowledge management modeling for the innovation in engineering design." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6198.
Abstract:
Les connaissances et l'innovation sont considérées comme des sources indispensables à un avantage concurrentiel pour les entreprises. Alors une stratégie basée sur l’innovation et la connaissance est primordiale. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de proposer une approche de capitalisation de connaissances pour l’innovation et aussi, construire un système informatique basé sur cette approche pour aider les concepteurs à innover de manière plus facile et efficace. Nous modélisons le mécanisme de KM avec un modèle systémique de connaissances, un méta modèle et un macro processus de KM. Nous construisons un processus en réseau d'innovation et un modèle de l’état transition en conception pour intégrer les activités de KM. Afin de mettre en oeuvre notre approche, un modèle hiérarchique est construit en intégrant le méta modèle et le macro processus de KM à l'innovation et la conception. Pour démontrer les fonctionnalités et l’applicabilité de l'approche proposée, un prototype de logiciel basé sur l’approche est développé et appliqué dans un cas industriel d’utilisationThe knowledge and innovation are considered as the essential sources of the competitive advantage of companies. Thus, the strategy based on knowledge and innovation is crucial for sustaining their competitive advantage. The objective of this study is to propose an approach of Knowledge Management (KM) for innovation in design and build a computer system on the approach in order to help the designers to innovate more efficiently. For obtaining our objective, we model the mechanism of KM for innovation with a systemic knowledge model of content and context, a meta-model and a macro process of KM. We build a networking process of innovation and a state transition model of design integrating the KM activities. In order to operationalize the approach of KM for innovation, a hierarchical model is constructed by integrating the metamodel and macro process of KM with the processes of innovation and design. For demonstrating the functionalities and applicability of the proposed approach, a software prototype based on the approach is developed and applied in an industrial case study
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Ramirez, serrano Oscar. "Optimisation et pilotage du processus d’innovation de medicalex : application aux implants orthopédiques sur mesure." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ENAM0080/document.
Abstract:
Pour la plupart des entreprises, l’innovation est devenue un élément indispensable, garant de la pérennité de l’entreprise.Cependant, durant les phases de développement des produits, le concepteur est confronté lors des principaux jalons du processus à faire des choix de conception. Ces prises de décisions ont par la suite un fort impact sur l’acceptabilité ou non des produits par le marché. Le monde de la conception des implants orthopédiques n’y échappe pas.Le but de ce travail de thèse est de montrer qu’il est possible d’intégrer dans les phases amonts du processus de développement d’implants orthopédiques, un outil d’aide à la décision pour le choix de concepts intégrant des critères techniques, médicaux, chirurgicaux et économiques permettant de réduire les risques pour le patient mais aussi les risques d’un possible échec commercial.La première partie de ce document s’intéresse à l’analyse du contexte de cette étude et en particulier aux dispositifs médicaux. Ensuite, l’état de l’art étudie les différents processus d’innovation et plus spécifiquement les processus de conception dans le secteur médical des implants orthopédiques. Ces travaux nous ont amené à nous questionner et à analyser les méthodes d’évaluation du potentiel d’innovation disponibles au sein de la littérature scientifique, et de leur intégration au sein du secteur des implants.De cette analyse a émergé une question se situant au cœur de nos travaux de recherche : comment concevoir des implants innovants avec un niveau de risques faibles (risque clinique, risque de défaillance, risque d’utilisation) ?La réponse à cette question s’est traduite par la proposition d’un nouvel outil d’aide à la décision (hypothèse1) intégré aux phases amont d’un processus de conception adapté (hypothèse2) au développement d’implants. Celles-ci ont ensuite été vérifiées et validées lors de 3 expérimentations qui ont aboutis à la réalisation d’implants orthopédiques posés sur des patientsFor a majority of companies, innovation has become an essential element of corporate sustainability.However, during the product development phase the designer is forced to make decisions on design. These decisions subsequently have a strong impact on the acceptability of the products by the market. Orthopaedics implants design is no exception.The aim of this thesis is to show that it is possible to integrate, in the early phases of the orthopaedic implant development process, a tool for decision-making; in choosing concepts that incorporate technical, medical, surgical and economic criteria. The goal is to reduce the risk for the patient but also reduce the risk of commercial failure.The first part of this document focuses on analysing the context of this study, particularly for medical devices. Following this, the state of the art studies the various innovation processes and more specifically, the design process of medical orthopaedic implants. This work forced us to question and analyse evaluation methods for potential innovations available in the scientific literature, and integrate them into the implant sector.From this analysis, a question emerged lying at the heart of our research: how to design innovative implants with a low level of risk (clinical risk, default risk, risk of use)?The answer to this question has resulted in the proposal of a new tool for decision-making (Hypothesis 1) integrated within upstream phases of a suitable decision process (Hypothesis 2) for developing implants. These were then checked and validated in three experiments that resulted in the development of orthopaedic implants that were successfully inserted into patients
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Tomala, Frédéric. "Propositions de modèles et méthodes pour l'aide à l'évaluation des performances d'une innovation dès sa conception." Valenciennes, 2002. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/e10e773d-3a96-4c44-aa8f-8b79df9979c3.
Abstract:
Dans le contexte économique actuel les entreprises sont tenues d'innover avec succès. La compétitivité repose aujourd'hui sur les critères de coût, de délai et de qualité mais aussi sur la capacité des entreprises à générer un flux d'innovation. Ce nouveau contexte appelle d'une part l'évolution des modes d'évaluation de la performance et d'autre part une nouvelle définition du concept de performance qui est aujourd'hui multi-critères, multi-périodes et multi-acteurs. Les entreprises doivent évaluer et piloter leurs performances dès la phase de conception de produit et des processus. Notre contribution dans ce cadre est la proposition de méthodes et modèles d'évaluation de la performance globale d'une innovation, dès la phase de conception. Elle repose principalement sur trois éléments : un modèle du processus d'innovation, un ensemble de modèles et méthodes d'estimation et d'évaluation de l'innovation et un environnement d'aide à la décision permettant la mise en œuvre des méthodesIn the current economic context, companies must innovate successfully. The competitiveness rests today on the criteria of cost, time and quality but also on the capacity of the companies to generate a flow of innovation. This new context calls, on the one hand, the evolution of the modes of performance evaluation and, on the other hand, a new definition of the concept of performance which is today multi-criteria, multi-periods and multi-actors. The companies must evaluate and control their performances as of the phase of design of product and processes. Our contribution within this framework is the proposal of methods and models of total performance evaluation of an innovation, as of the phase of design. Our proposal rests mainly on three elements: a model of the process of innovation, a whole of models and methods of estimate and evaluation of the innovation and an environment of decision-making aid allowing implementation methods
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Pialot, Olivier. "L'approche PST comme outil de rationalisation de la démarche de conception innovante." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00429656.
Abstract:
Le sujet traité concerne le processus d'innovation, si important aujourd'hui pour la compétitivité des entreprises. Après une relecture des travaux de la littérature sur la conception pour innover, les travaux de thèse se centrent précisément sur les prises méthodologiques du processus de conception en innovation. D'abord, après une précision sur la définition du livrable de ce processus, nommée innovation potentielle, sont identifiés deux indicateurs de résultat relatifs au potentiel de nouvelle proposition de valeur et à la faisabilité technologique ainsi que l'intérêt majeur de considérer un raisonnement de conception exploratoire. Pour pouvoir initier ce dernier, par l'énoncé d'une nouvelle intention, le modèle "multi-entrées" PST propose au travers des trois dimensions, Potentiel (P) - Système (S) - Techno (T), de nombreux angles d'attaque possibles. Ensuite, la thèse s'attache à préciser plus particulièrement le raisonnement de conception exploratoire en le présentant comme un jeu de questions "logique" au travers là aussi des trois dimensions P, S et T (modèle "multi-questions" PST). Le rôle majeur de l'activité de modélisation dans ce type de raisonnement (PST) et plus globalement en innovation est alors mis en exergue. Enfin, il est montré comment exploiter et affiner les résultats d'un raisonnement PST pour obtenir un livrable de conception satisfaisant au mieux les indicateurs de résultat identifiés, d'abord en utilisant des outils de comparaison permettant de préciser la définition de l'objet à concevoir tant en termes d'objectifs à satisfaire que de caractéristiques de solution, et ensuite en présentant différentes voies amenant à améliorer la nouvelle proposition de valeur du produit, afin que l'innovation potentielle devienne réelle. Les travaux se concluent sur leur apport (prises méthodologiques) dans la pratique de la conception pour innover et sur des perspectives portant sur l'intérêt d'un outil logiciel et sur la forme de l'organisation supportant le processus proposé.
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Pialot, Olivier. "L'approche PST comme outil de rationalisation de la démarche de conception innovante." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0083.
Abstract:
Le sujet traité concerne le processus d'innovation, si important aujourd'hui pour la compétitivité des entreprises. Après une relecture des travaux de la littérature sur la conception pour innover, les travaux de thèse se centrent précisément sur les prises méthodologiques du processus de conception en innovation. D'abord, après une précision sur la définition du livrable de ce processus, nommée innovation potentielle, sont identifiés deux indicateurs de résultat relatifs au potentiel de nouvelle proposition de valeur et à la faisabilité technologique ainsi que l'intérêt majeur de considérer un raisonnement de conception exploratoire. Pour pouvoir initier ce dernier, par l'énoncé d'une nouvelle intention, le modèle "multi-entrées" PST propose au travers des trois dimensions, Potentiel (P) - Système (S) - Techno (T), de nombreux angles d'attaque possibles. Ensuite, la thèse s'attache à préciser plus particulièrement le raisonnement de conception exploratoire en le présentant comme un jeu de questions "logique" au travers là aussi des trois dimensions P, S et T (modèle "multi-questions" PST). Le rôle majeur de l'activité de modélisation dans ce type de raisonnement (PST) et plus globalement en innovation est alors mis en exergue. Enfin, il est montré comment exploiter et affiner les résultats d'un raisonnement PST pour obtenir un livrable de conception satisfaisant au mieux les indicateurs de résultat identifiés, d'abord en utilisant des outils de comparaison permettant de préciser la définition de l'objet à concevoir tant en termes d'objectifs à satisfaire que de caractéristiques de solution, et ensuite en présentant différentes voies amenant à améliorer la nouvelle proposition de valeur du produit, afin que l'innovation potentielle devienne réelle. Les travaux se concluent sur leur apport (prises méthodologiques) dans la pratique de la conception pour innover et sur des perspectives portant sur l'intérêt d'un outil logiciel et sur la forme de l'organisation supportant le processus proposéThe topic of this thesis is focus on the industrial innovation process and presents an innovative design method. This approach is initiated with the proposition of a new intention based on the exploration through three dimensions Potential (P) - System (S) - Techno (T) of the "multi entries" PST model. Then, our work aims to specify the exploratory reasoning of the design process by the proposition of a "multi questions" PST model that support logical interactions within the three dimensions P,S and T. The central role of the modeling activity in this type of reasoning (PST) and more generally for innovation is then highlighted. Finally, it is shown how to use and refine the results of this PST reasoning in order to have a design deliverable that fit with the innovation indicators identified
Books on the topic "Conception technique – Innovation":
1
North American Rock Mechanics Symposium (5th 2002 Toronto, Ontario, Canada. NARMS-TAC 2002: Mining and tunnelling innovation and oppurtunity : proceedings of the 5th North American Rock Mechanics Symposium and the 17th Tunnelling Association of Canada Conference, NARMS-TAC 2002 Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 7-10 July, 2002. Toronto, Ontario, Canada: University of Toronto Press, 2002.
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1943-, Coleman Roger, ed. Design for inclusivity: A practical guide to accessible, innovative and user-centred design. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Pub., 2007.
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1943-, Coleman Roger, ed. Design for inclusivity: A practical guide to accessible, innovative and user-centred design. Aldershot: Gower, 2007.
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1943-, Coleman Roger, ed. Design for inclusivity: A practical guide to accessible, innovative and user-centred design. Aldershot: Gower, 2007.
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WHO Scientific Group on Recent Advances in Medically Assisted Conception. Recent advances in medically assisted conception. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1992.
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Nagamachi, Mitsuo. Innovations of kansei engineering. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2011.
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Luce, Jacquelyne. Beyond expectation: Lesbian/bi/queer women and assisted conception. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2010.
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National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Manufacturing and Engineering Design. Committee on Visionary Manufacturing Challenges., ed. Visionary manufacturing challenges for 2020. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1998.
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Suslov, Anatoly, Vladimir Lysak, Juliy L. Chigirinskiy, Dmitriy V. Kraynev, and Yulia Zhiteneva. Innovative Technologies in Engineering : From Design to Competitive Product : IX International Conference on Engineering - Innovation Technologies in Engineering: From Design to Production of Competitive Products, September 2017, Volgograd Russia. Trans Tech Publications, Limited, 2019.
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(Editor), Reginald Hammah, Will Bawden (Editor), John Curran (Editor), and Mark Telesnicki (Editor), eds. Narms-Tac 2002: "Mining and Tunnelling Innovation and Opportunity". Lassonde Institute, 2002.
Book chapters on the topic "Conception technique – Innovation":
1
De Giovanni, Elisabetta, Farnaz Forooghifar, Gregoire Surrel, Tomas Teijeiro, Miguel Peon, Amir Aminifar, and David Atienza Alonso. "Intelligent Edge Biomedical Sensors in the Internet of Things (IoT) Era." In Emerging Computing: From Devices to Systems, 407–33. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7487-7_13.
Abstract:
AbstractThe design of reliable wearable systems for real-time and long-term monitoring presents major challenges, although they are poised as the next frontier of innovation in the context of Internet-of-Things (IoT) to provide personalized healthcare. This new generation of biomedical sensors targets to be interconnected in ways that improve our lives and transform the medical industry. Therefore, they offer an excellent opportunity to integrate the next generation of artificial intelligence (AI) based techniques in medical devices. However, several key challenges remain in achieving this potential due to the inherent resource-constrained nature of wearable systems for Big Data medical applications, which need to detect pathologies in real time. Concretely, in this chapter, we discuss the opportunities for edge computing and edge AI in next-generation intelligent biomedical sensors in the IoT era and the key challenges in wearable systems design for pathology detection and health/activity monitoring in the context of IoT technologies. First, we introduce the notion of self-awareness toward the conception of the next-generation intelligent edge biomedical sensors to trade-off machine-learning performance versus system lifetime, according to the application requirements of the medical monitoring systems. Subsequently, we present the implications of personalization and multi-parametric sensing in the context of the system-level architecture of intelligent edge biomedical sensors. Thus, they can adapt to the real world, as living organisms do, to operate efficiently according to the target application requirements and available energy at any moment in time. Then, we discuss the impacts of self-awareness and low-power requirements at the circuit level for sampling through a paradigm shift to react to the input signal itself. Finally, we conclude by highlighting that the techniques discussed in this chapter may be applied jointly to design the next-generation intelligent biomedical sensors and systems in the IoT era.
2
Spencer, Jane. "The Innovative Animals of Children’s Fiction." In Writing About Animals in the Age of Revolution, 74–108. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198857518.003.0003.
Abstract:
This chapter discusses the animals of early children’s fiction, showing that their didactic and affective purposes are rooted in the period’s conception of childhood as a time of special closeness to animal being. Children’s writers teach children to grow away from animality, but also use animals to encourage the child reader’s sympathy. The fiction’s message of kindness to animals depends both on reminding children of feelings they share with nonhuman creatures and on explaining human superiority. The chapter argues that children’s writers make a distinct contribution to a developing literature of animal subjectivity. They make significant innovations in narrative techniques for representing nonhuman viewpoints, not only in their use of animal narrators but in third-person narrative access to non-linguistic animal minds. Writers include Dorothy Kilner, Thomas Day, Sarah Trimmer, Anna Letitia Barbauld, Mary Wollstonecraft, William Blake, Dorothy Wordsworth, Maria Edgeworth, and Edward Augustus Kendall.
3
Farrell, A. M., and E. S. Dove. "12. Clinical Negligence." In Mason and McCall Smith's Law and Medical Ethics, 358–421. Oxford University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780192866226.003.0012.
Abstract:
This chapter examines the law of clinical negligence. First, the key elements of making a claim in the tort of negligence are outlined. Examples are then drawn from existing case law in clinical negligence, including the use of innovative techniques, complementary medicine, misdiagnosis, the problem of the novice, negligence in treatment and protecting patients from themselves, as well as wrongful conception, birth, and life claims. The doctrine of res ipsa loquitur is also briefly considered. Thereafter, an overview is provided of key aspects of criminal negligence, before moving on to examine alternatives to clinical negligence litigation, including recent proposals for reform such as the creation of no-fault schemes for medical injury.
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Kumar, Seelam Vasavi Sai Viswanada Prabhu, Shyam Akashe, and Hee-Je Kim. "Feasible Challenges and Applications of IoT in Healthcare." In Advances in Healthcare Information Systems and Administration, 178–200. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0261-7.ch008.
Abstract:
In this chapter, the major enhanced techniques of internet of healthcare things (IoHT) with wearable sensor technologies (WST), stationary medical devices (SMD), and integrated system technologies (IST) for heterogeneous healthcare professionals are explored. A detailed view of the system architecture for developing IoHT device and a lot of issues are also described. The latest innovative technologies are realistic to specific purposes in the field of healthcare assessment. Analysis, sensor, and data studies approach the opportunities to improve personal healthcare and benefits for the medical industry. The ultimate aim of succeeding superior healthcare practice is to competently combine with information from diverse bases, to allocate the accumulated data, to retrieve the collected data. Effective data analysis tools from data with initialed conception services are needed while maintaining their security and privacy. Healthcare professionals, patients, and clients can take benefit of the IoHT for giving personalized smart care guidelines or solutions for existing technologies.
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Varga, Zsuzsanna, Etelka Katits, Katinka Magyari, Ildikó Palányi, and Éva Szalka. "Is Urban Farming the Green Economy of the Future?! : Investigation of the Sustainable Management of a Hungarian Startup Enterprise." In Pandémia – fenntartható gazdálkodás – környezettudatosság, 237–51. Soproni Egyetem Kiadó, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35511/978-963-334-411-8_s5_varga_et_al.
Abstract:
Nowdays, there is a huge interest in putting sustainable management and growth into practice, that was the central idea of the first UN report, published in 1987. In our presentation, we look for possibilities and driving forces to make this a reality, and we show possibilities for further development. How can financial accounting data and its obtained results be used and interpreted to measure corporate growth, sustainable growth and development? What operational and strategic opportunities can the sustainable growth rate (SGR) refer to in the case of a start-up but highly innovative Hungarian Agricultural enterprise in its infancy? How does exploring and applying the factors influencing the SGR help to define, implement, and control a scalable growth strategy? We made case and situation analysis from the Hungarian consulting world. We used a quantitative technique, the self-developed FINel finance diagnostic and value creation expert system. In addition to the theorical conception of sustainable management and SGR, in our study we show its application in business practice. We prove sustainable finance adapted to corporate life cycles as the basis of sustainable corporate management in a holistic approach.
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Nanney, Lisa. "Film Writing." In John Dos Passos and Cinema, 101–26. Liverpool University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781942954873.003.0007.
Abstract:
In 1936, his politics still leftist but increasingly apprehensive about Communism, Dos Passos used his exposure to the Hollywood film industry to create his only independent film treatment, “Dreamfactory.” This manuscript, though never produced as a film, is the only film project he undertook consisting entirely of his own concepts and his own writing. “Dreamfactory” imagines visually what The Big Money communicates by adapting montage to the page: the complicit relationship between film and the creation of material desire that fuels capitalism. Using the techniques of montage Dos Passos had absorbed from early U.S. and Soviet film, the treatment employs the tools of its own making to critique itself as a product. This innovative work presaged the political and professional crisis that would emerge from Dos Passos’s next film project, the documentary The Spanish Earth (1937): though Dos Passos wrote the “Dreamfactory” treatment, its ideological direction was the subject of correspondence between him and the Dutch Communist filmmaker, Joris Ivens, who would direct the Spanish film. Ivens’ conception of his art as a vehicle to be shaped by the ideological demands of the Party would conflict with Dos Passos’s belief that art should evoke creative engagement and individual choice.
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Allmon, Warren D. "“Extreme dinosaurs” and the continuing evolution of dinosaur paleoart." In The Evolution of Paleontological Art. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2021.1218(23).
Abstract:
ABSTRACT Humans have made visual representations of what they think dinosaurs looked like since before the term and concept of “dinosaur” were first published in 1842. Over the next 175 years, these images have varied widely. The current era of dinosaur paleobiology began in the late 1960s and emphasized scientific and artistic conceptions of dinosaurs as more active and diverse in their metabolism, ecology, and behavior than previously thought. Over the past 25 years in particular, the rise of computer-generated images and the discovery of spectacularly preserved fossils from the Early Cretaceous of China and elsewhere have further revolutionized our understanding of the biology and external appearance (especially integument) of dinosaurs. Yet despite these innovations, dinosaur paleoart is still fundamentally shaped by the same basic set of influences that affected previous, now-discarded, images. These include (1) the fossils; (2) debates about which modern animals are the best bases for uniformitarian comparison with extinct taxa; (3) extrapolation (i.e., how far can we go from the known to the unknown); (4) the enabling effects of new artistic techniques; and (5) the ever-present pressures of the marketplace.
Conference papers on the topic "Conception technique – Innovation":
1
Bierganns, Morten. "The Creative Process in 18th Century Poetics: A Prologue to Psychological Conceptualisations of the 20th Century." In 14th European Conference on Creativity in Innovation. AIJR Publisher, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.154.1.
Abstract:
Since Rhodes’ 4P model, the creative process has been of great interest to the psychology of creativity. Although most psychologists were not aware of it, their conceptions of the creative process on a structural level reiterated those of 18th century poetics. To demonstrate this, the paper methodologically draws on the analytical tools of historical semantics. It proposes to broaden our approach to the creative process by studying poetic views of the past and encourages practitioners to consult these aesthetic texts as inspiration for the development of creativity techniques. Above all, the paper sees itself as a contribution to understanding the history of a concept that is inscribed in our contemporary culture.
2
Gerdroodbary, M. Barzegar, A. M. Goudarzi, Misagh Imani, K. Sedighi, and D. D. Ganji. "Influence of Opposing Jet on an Aerodisk Nose Cone at Hypersonic Flow." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20450.
Abstract:
When flying at hypersonic speeds, it is a fundamental requirement to reduce the high drag resulting from a blunt nose cone in the ascent stage to increase the payload weight on the one hand and decrease the amount of energy needed to overcome the Earth’s gravity on the other. However, an aerospike can be attached on the front of the nose cone to obtain a high drag and heat load reduction. This study describes novel technique of an active flow control concepton nose cone with aerodisk that uses counterflowing jets to significantly modify external flowfields. In fact, this method strongly disperse the shock waves of supersonic and hypersonic vehicles to reduce aerothermal loads.Numerical simulations of a 2D axisymmetric aerodisked nose cone in hypersonic flow are conducted, and innovative techniques involving forward injection of gas from the stagnation point of the sphere are investigated; techniques include injection of various counterflowing jets (Helium and Carbon dioxide) as a coolant jet from the nose cone behind the aerodisk. In this study, the characteristics of the various jet conditions of a counterflowing jet on a cone surface were investigated numerically to improve performance of the jet on heat reduction at surface of a nose. Different Mach numbers at different altitudes have been chosen to investigate the effect of the aerospike on the nose cone’s surrounding flowfield. The drag and the heat load reduction is numerically evaluated at Mach numbers of 5.75. The results show that the lighter gas, Helium, is found to have a better cooling performance than Carbon Dioxide in low pressure ratios. The film cooling of Helium jet due to its lower specific heat capacity (Cp) character is efficient on heat load of the nose cone.
3
Al Salmi, Ahmed, Yousuf Al Zaabi, Nasser Al Kindi, Wayne Bryant, Carl Kays, and Aisha Al Shukaili. "The Power of Data - Unlocking Complex Value Across Petroleum Development Oman Through Six-Sigma Concept." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210826-ms.
Abstract:
Abstract Successful problem-solving is at the heart of any successful organization. The Six-Sigma problem-solving approach uses advanced data analysis techniques in conjunction with statistical testing to direct a team towards the problem solution. Since the introduction, the PDO Six-Sigma program has delivered >40 projects across 8 directorates, with projects making significant improvements across a range of diverse areas from Operational Carbon Reduction and Well Drilling Efficiency to HR response times and IT request efficiency. The PDO Six-Sigma training and development team have designed a highly effective improvement that is focused on training and coaching staff to execute structured problem-solving projects across all corners of the organization. This advanced problem-solving program method and the rapid success it has delivered so far, makes it a leader in the Oil and Gas industry. The PDO approach is fully transferable and equally effective to any organization in Sultanate of Oman. The program is fully organized and coordinated internally by talented Omani coaches and has delivered significant, quantifiable benefits from day 1 (>$42m savings). Six-Sigma capabilities are very rare in Sultanate of Oman, and the launch of this approach reinforces PDO's reputation as a leader in Lean & Continuous Improvement techniques. Since it's conception this small program has delivered >15 projects/year and (on average) savings of over $21 million per year for PDO, with some individual projects delivering >$2.5 million savings. The importance of this program for industry in Sultanate of Oman cannot be underestimated as it is now developed to a stage to be readily transferable if organizations have the same commitment to improvement. Several projects are already being replicated across internal directorates within PDO. In addition to the quantifiable cost savings, the program has also delivered customer satisfaction benefits as well as significant simplification and productivity improvements. PDO has been a pioneer in Sultanate of Oman in applying this approach effectively and efficiently. This overall technique, the training package, and the knowledge within the development team could be a game-changer and used as a catalyst to transform the industry in Sultanate of Oman. With very little investment, this approach could be replicated in almost any area of business from the Government sector to Manufacturing and Banking. The PDO Six-Sigma approach is unique in Oil and Gas and highly innovative in Sultanate of Oman. The methodology rapidly drives data-based measurements to effectively identify and validate root causes and improvements to complex problems. Where many Continuous Improvement techniques rely on team-based judgment and knowledge to identify solutions, the PDO Six-Sigma approach steers the team using the power of data and statistical analysis – this has proven to be incredibly powerful and effective for PDO.
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Gómez Muñoz, Gloria, Luis Javier Sánchez Aparicio, Jaime Armengot Paradinas, and Carmen Sánchez-Guevara Sánchez. "Acercamiento al ejercicio profesional a través de visitas a obras de arquitectura y entornos inmersivos." In Jornadas sobre Innovación Docente en Arquitectura (JIDA). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Iniciativa Digital Politècnica, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/jida.2022.11506.
Abstract:
One of the main difficulties faced by architecture students is the lack of access to practical resources for the understanding of the building process as a whole, from the conception of the architectural project to the completion of the work. Based on previous innovative teaching experiences (ARCHITECT-Site Visits, Buildings 360), during the 2021-2022 academic year the Experimental Workshop 2 Site Visits wa developed for students in the 4th year of the Degree in Foundations of Architecture taught at the ETSAM, with the aim of connecting the theoretical knowledge acquired in previous years with the practical application of elements, systems and construction techniques through site visits at different stages of execution, as well as understanding the different phases of construction and the digital tools that can be used to monitor them. Una de las principales dificultades que tiene el alumnado de arquitectura es la falta de acceso a recursos prácticos en el conocimiento y comprensión del proceso edificatorio en su conjunto, desde la concepción del proyecto arquitectónico hasta la finalización de la obra. En base a experiencias docentes innovadoras previas (ARCHITECT-Visitas de obra, Buildings 360), durante el curso 2021-2022 se ha desarrollado el Taller Experimental 2 Visitas de Obra dirigido a alumnado de 4º curso del Grado en Fundamentos de la Arquitectura impartido en la ETSAM, con el objetivo de conectar los conocimientos teóricos adquiridos en los cursos anteriores con la aplicación práctica de elementos, sistemas y técnicas constructivas mediante visitas a obras en diferentes fases de ejecución, así como comprender las diferentes fases de la construcción y las herramientas digitales que se pueden emplear para su seguimiento.
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Pintzos, George, Markos Matsas, Christos Triantafyllou, Nikolaos Papakostas, and George Chryssolouris. "An Integrated Approach to the Planning of Manual Assembly Lines." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52962.
Abstract:
Manual assembly planning methodologies have been in the center of industrial and academic research for many decades, since the manual assembly costs may often account for even half of the total manufacturing expenses. The existing and emerging manufacturing trends, such as mass customization and personalization, require fast responses when it comes to the conception and realization of the relevant manufacturing systems. Even though, work methodologies, such as concurrent engineering, have been proposed and applied, gaps still exist among product development, configuration and manufacturing. The Current Product Lifecycle (PLM) systems focus on the coordination of activities among engineers of different disciplines. However, they are unable to provide actual decision support functionality to decision makers. Moreover, solutions for the different phases of assembly planning have been proposed, without nevertheless taking into account the holistic nature of assembly planning that spans the different engineering phases. The study presented in this paper is based on a methodology that integrates three distinct steps, regarding assembly planning; the generation of assembly related information, from the Computer Aided Design (CAD) files of an assembly, the calculation of the relevant process times from functions, generated through empirical measurements and the assembly line balancing of a line, based on the information gathered. The innovative aspect of this approach relies on the advancement of the relevant technologies as well as on their integration into a common working practice. The methodology enables the estimation of production related values in the later phases of product design or in the early phases of manufacturing planning. The generation of assembly precedence diagrams is made in an automatic way through the extraction of information on collision detection and the parts’ relations. This application is developed in the form of an add-on to a commercial CAD software suite. It utilizes features that are available in a wide range of such systems. The second step relies on the identification of specific features of parts, such as dimensions and mass. This information is then used as input in the functions already proposed in the academic literature for the estimation of the relevant process times for each part. Finally, the assembly line balancing is performed through the generation of the precedence diagram and the estimated process times, via a web-based service, which makes use of advanced optimization techniques. In order for this methodology to be evaluated, a case study is presented by using the CAD file of an automotive sub-assembly. The case study demonstrates each step separately, beginning with the generation of the precedence diagram down to the balancing of the assembly line.
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Cerasoli, Mario. "Periferias urbanas degradadas: normas de asentamiento y formas del habitar: ¿cómo intervenir?" In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7533.
Abstract:
Hablar de periferia hoy implica deber revisar el significado mismo de la palabra. La de frontera parece la definición más apta para describir la periferia contemporánea, pudiéndose aplicar a todos los asentamientos a baja densidad que, en las últimas décadas, inexorablemente rodearon las grandes ciudades - y, no solamente las grandes - yendo a ocupar territorios casi siempre ex agrícolas. Una periferia que se caracteriza básicamente por ser “incompleta”, obvio efecto del incumplimiento de los procesos, tanto espontáneos como planificados, que la produjeron. La escena romana es un extenso colector de periferias, diferentes y no homogéneas, por lo general deterioradas, nacidas a partir del final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial y el crecimiento de las cuales llegó hasta hoy siguiendo parcialmente el dibujo de un plan urbanístico.
Sin embargo la periferia espontánea posee casi siempre rasgos afirmados de una “calidad” que en ésas planificadas es escasa o totalmente ausente. Son periferias heterogéneas sobre todo de carácter ilegal que unen la ausencia substancial de espacios públicos de relación, de “lugares centrales”, a una provisionalidad que acentúe el carácter de periferia de las mismas. Las primeras periferias nacen de la “necesidad” - vivir, trabajar, descansar - en un momento en el cual la administración pública no puede o no quiere hacer frente a la cuestión de la vivienda; en el curso de los años este modelo de asentamiento se consolida y comienza a auto reproducirse, cambiando peligrosamente sus características hasta perder su carácter de “necesidad”. La casa individual con jardín, lejos del centro de la ciudad, se transformó en uno de los desiderata más difusos de los últimos años, de donde las ciudades comenzaron a ser contaminadas verdaderamente en gran parte - en círculo vicioso - por el trafico generado de aquellos que viven en las periferias lecha y deben llegar cotidianamente al centro de la ciudad con medios privados.
La gente se ha “acostumbrado” a vivir en estas periferias heterogéneas y el problema de la “ausencia de ciudad” no viene mas percibido como un problema primario pero las exigencias se limitan a más servicios y mejor movilidad, pública y privada. Entonces, en treinta años se transformó el concepto de vivienda, el de ciudad y el de periferia. Pero a este fenómeno se acompaña una decadencia sensible de la calidad de la vida y, por lo tanto, del ambiente. Hay un vínculo muy estrecho entre nacimiento y difusión de las periferias e inicio del proceso, aun en acto, de difusión y dispersión urbana.
El punto de ruptura de la tradición del asentamiento, esa cultura de orígenes antiguas y casi universales que se transmitió probablemente oralmente de padre en hijo y que era, por todos, conocida, se pone a fines de los años sesenta e inicio de los setenta. Una transformación que lleva a un asentamiento difuso de carácter residencial, con densidad muy baja (menos de 15 hab/ha. y menos de 1 m3/m2), unido a los centros principales por medio de algunas rutas o, en los casos más afortunados, de infraestructuras ferroviarias con las cuales fueron garantizadas las conexiones con los lugares del estudio y del trabajo y del tiempo libre.
Se transformaron las modalidades de vivir, trabajar, descansar, adaptándose a lo que venía de vuelta en vuelta ofrecido por las ciudades. Frecuentemente la población se organizó para remediar, incluso ilegalmente, a las decisiones o las no-decisiones de las públicas administraciones, yendo así a diseñar un sistema territorial que es cada vez más difuso e menos poli céntrico que pero se caracteriza por gravitar sobre las grandes áreas urbanas y para manifestar en modo cada vez más acentuado los caracteres de mono funcionalidad difícilmente manejable en términos de eficacia de servicios y equipamientos públicos.
Esta investigación sobre la periferia italiana y en particular romana se desarrolló utilizando técnicas de diagnósticos tradicionales soporte de ayuda de medios innovadores que ahora entraron a formar parte de las herramientas del urbanista: fotos satelitales, videos, internet. El recurso a tales medios permitió poder seguir mejor las transformaciones del territorio mismo en vivo, permitiendo al mismo tiempo la comparación con distintas fuentes informativas. Técnicas y fuentes innovadoras que no pueden sustituir al hombre pero que pueden facilitar mucho el trabajo de los operadores del sector, incluso en términos didáctico y de difusión de los conocimientos. *** ENG: To talk about periphery today implies the need of reviewing the meaning of the word itself. “Border” seems to be the most appropriate definition to describe the contemporary periphery, being it applicable to all the low density settlements that, in the last decades, inexorably surrounded big cities - and, unfortunately, not only those - occupying territories that generally used to be for agriculture. A periphery that is characterized basically for being “incomplete”, as a natural consequence of the interruption of the processes, as much spontaneous as planned, that produced it.
The Roman scene is an extensive collector of peripheries, different and non homogenous, generally deteriorated, born since the end of World War II and which are still growing, only partially according to a general urban plan. Nevertheless the spontaneous periphery shows almost always established characteristics of a “quality” that are little or totally present in those planned. They are heterogeneous peripheries mainly of illegal character that unite the substantial absence of public spaces for social relation, of “central places”, to a provisional state that stresses their character of periphery.
The first peripheries were born from the “necessity” - to live, to work, and to rest - in a period when the public administration could not or did not want to address the problem of settlements; during the years, this model of settlements have consolidated and begun to replicate itself, dangerously changing its typical features until losing its character of “necessity”.
The private house with garden far from downtown, has become one of the most diffuse desiderata of the last years, when the cities began to be polluted because of - in a vicious circle - the traffic generated by those living in the peripheries and obliged to reach downtown every day. People get used to live in these heterogeneous peripheries that combine the absence of spaces for social relation and a provisional state stressing the character of periphery. And they do not perceive the “absence of the city” as a major problem, but only ask for more services and better mobility, both public and private.
In thirty years, the idea of living, city and periphery was transformed. But this phenomenon goes with a sensible decay of the quality of life and of the environment. There is a very strict relation between birth and diffusion of the peripheries and the beginning of the process, still in place, of urban diffusion and dispersion. The breakthrough point of the settlements tradition - that culture of old and almost universal origins that was transmitted probably orally of father in son and that was by all well-known – can be put by the end of the Sixties and beginning of the Seventies.
A transformation that brings to a diffuse settlements of residential character, with very low density (less than 15 hab/ha and less than 1 m3/m2), connected to the main cities by means of some routes or, in the most lucky cases, of railway infrastructures ensuring the connections with the places of study, work and spare time.
The patterns of living, working and resting changed and adapted to what was offered by the cities. Frequently, the population was ready to remedy, even illegally, to the decisions or the not-decisions of the public administrations, thus creating a territorial system that is more and more widespread and less polycentric, which is characterized for weighing on the great urban areas and for showing in a more and more marked way the characters of hardly manageable mono functionality in terms of effectiveness of services and public infrastructures.
This investigation on the Italian, and in particular Roman , periphery was carried out by using techniques of traditional analysis together with innovative tools that are now considered of normal use for the city planner: photos satellite, videos, Internet.
The use of such means allowed following the transformations of the territory better and in real time, at the same time allowing the comparison with different informative sources. These innovative techniques and sources cannot replace the human resource but can very much facilitate the work of the operators of the sector, also in terms of teaching and diffusion of knowledge.