Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Conception en bâtiment'
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Le, Gauffre Pascal. "Méthodologie de conception et intelligence artificielle en bâtiment." Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0045.
Full textResearch on Computer Aided Design requires a double conceptual base. On the one hand, we have to represent what is the design process, on the other hand we have to define the possible and desirable contributions of the computer in this design process. The works presented deal with Computer Aided Building Design and the contribution of Artificial Intelligence techniques. The first part of this report is dedicated to the study of conceptual bases for Computer Aided Building Design and refers to Information Processing System theory as well as to systems modelisation. The design process is regarded as a modelling activity and as a problem setting (and solving). Process. The contribution of Artificial Intelligence techniques is therefore considered for the representation of the different expert considerations on the building project and for the construction and the resolution of problems. In the second part of the report we present a prototype of an expert system, called DEDALE, dedicated to the four following tasks : 1- Modelisation of the building project, 2- Selection of a strategy for modifications, 3- Construction of a restricted multi criteria problem (according to the strategy), 4- Management of the resolution process. Finally, a third part is devoted to a presentation of an experiment of the DEDALE system, and to a presentation of future prospects of this tool and of the approach used to elaborate it
Lasserre, Stéphane. "Un système d'information pour le bâtiment : approche métier." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX30045.
Full textOur research project focuses on information management continuity along a building's life cycle. Our proposed solution is to enable partners of a construction project to share all the technical data produced and handled, during the building production process by building an information system through the use of internet technology. The system links distributed databases and allows building partners to access remotely and manage specific information. It provides an updated building representation that is being enriched and refined all along the design process stages. We focus more widely on data access through the help of adaptable interfaces. These interfaces are built dynamically based on a user profile and the current stage of the building's life cycle. Our work has been focused on the building product model. It aims to : ensure data exchange between distant partners, be able to share a common description diagram in a DBMS environment, Manipulate heterogeneous documents (texts, drawings, multimedia files, etc. ) , ensure professional approaches on a specific industrial product, help the users by developing decision support systems
Wirbel, Ducoulombier Laure. "Conception d'un nouveau système d'isolation par l'exterieur pour le bâtiment." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECLI0013/document.
Full textIn France, the building industry represents 40% of the total energy consumption and 25% of the total carbon dioxide emissions. In the objective of decreasing those impacts, a new thermal regulation called “Réglementation Thermique 2012” (RT2012), has been applied. In that context, the Ecole Centrale de Lille and the company Norpac, have chosen to engage a CIFRE thesis in order to develop a new external thermal insulation system for buildings. It was chosen to use textile materials to compose that system called “Isolpac”, in partnership with Dickson, PEG and the CLUBTEX association. At first, the research work was devoted to the hygrothermal, mechanical and chemical characterisation of the different materials composing the new insulation panel, to define the intrinsic properties of different materials, to compare them with conventional materials, in order to validate the choice of materials for the new insulation system. Two accelerated ageing methods were applied on the fabrics.Then, a particular interest is focused on the hygrothermal equilibrium of the panel by using a dynamic simulation on the software Wufi® following the previous characterization. Moreover, a work on the fire reaction of the panel and on the perspectives of other tests needed to guarantee the mechanical strength was carried out.Finally, the search of fixation and assembling techniques for the panels is presented. Installation in situ at scale one were made. The perspectives of tests for qualifying the mechanical strength and the fire resistance are described. A project of a demonstrating façade is presented to be the support for a demand of an Experimental Technical Agreement of the CSTB
Oumeziane, Hamza. "Une approche systémique pour une ingénierie de bâtiment intégrée : Contribution à l'interopérabilité des acteurs du bâtiment en conception avancée." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00275275.
Full textNotre objectif est de ramener les acteurs du cycle de vie du bâtiment autour d'un modèle de processus de conception commun et partagé. Chaque intervenant pourra être représenté par rapport au point de vue qu'il porte sur le bâtiment (chaque acteur a un point de vue spécifique à sa filière métier). Les modèles existants destinés à cet effet représentent le bâtiment comme un ensemble d'objets évoluant dans un processus de conception. Il s'agit d'une représentation réductrice de la réalité de la conception du bâtiment qui est beaucoup plus complexe.
Aller au-delà du fractionnement dans le processus de conception de bâtiments, signifie aller au-delà des approches de modélisation traditionnelles, et des représentations classiques du cycle de vie du bâtiment. La présente thèse propose une nouvelle approche de modélisation considérant le produit bâtiment par rapport aux points de vues des acteurs de sa conception. Cette approche permet de générer des modèles conceptuels commun et partageables sans pour autant contraindre les acteurs
Zatar, Abdallah. "Approche multicritère pour l'aide au choix d'une solution de plan masse bâtiment." Artois, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ARTO0007.
Full textTlili, Assed. "Structuration des données de la conception d'un bâtiment pour une utilisation informatique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529509.
Full textEl, Hassar Sidi Mohamed Karim. "Conception d'un environnement de simulation intelligent. Application à la thermique du bâtiment." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523185.
Full textLe, Bail Yann. "Système d'optimisation pour assister la conception d'un bâtiment intégrant une installation photovoltaïque." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2009. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/66/1/LE_BAIL_Yann.pdf.
Full textAl-Hajjar, Jihad. "C. A. O. Et évaluation multicritère : élèments pour l'aide à la conception des fondations de bâtiment." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10134.
Full textGagnon, Richard. "Optimisation multi-objectif de bâtiments en bois : vers le net-zéro en énergie et en carbone sur la vie du bâtiment." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/32726.
Full textHanser, Damien. "Proposition d'un modèle d'auto-coordination en situation de conception, application au domaine du bâtiment." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00087063.
Full textL'apport de cette recherche est de mettre en correspondance les théories sociologiques traitant de l'activité collective et l'expérience accumulée concernant la conception d'ouvrages bâtis dans un modèle conceptuel permettant de décrire un contexte de projet. Ce modèle a été conçu selon les principes de méta-modélisation, en utilisant un formalisme standard
répandu dans le domaine de l'ingénierie logicielle, afin de permettre des implémentations et des extensions plus aisées. Le modèle que nous avons proposé a été appliqué à un outil prototype offrant une représentation graphique d'un contexte de projet afin de favoriser l'émergence d'une
coordination spontanée entre les acteurs. La mise en oeuvre de ce prototype a permis d'éprouver les postulats que nous avons pu formuler et a conduit à dégager des perspectives concernant l'adaptabilité des collecticiels aux situations de conception coopérative.
Chesné, Lou. "Vers une nouvelle méthodologie de conception des bâtiments, basée sur leurs performances bioclimatiques." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825646.
Full textHamani, Dalil Omar. "Un système d'information pour le bâtiment - Elaboration d'un modèle conceptuel de données pour les ouvrages façonnés en place issus de la production de bâtiment." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30035.
Full textOur work focuses on information exchanges in the construction activity. We present the contribution of our research to the description of the built elements in the building site where information is shared by partners who are distant from one another and focused on fields of expertise that are distinct but concurrent. Our work aims to provide an information system that promotes cooperation between the buildings actors, by sharing a unique data model among the partners involved in the building construction processes. It takes into account the technical data needed in the different phases of the supply chain management cycle in the construction field. Our research was carried out in the UMR 694 MAP-GAMSAU laboratory, within the framework of the "Communication and tools of CAD" project. It aims to provide a solution to the growing of building partners demand cooperative work during the building production phase. We focused our work on the engineering phase that withstands a vast data exchange. Developed in a cooperative context, our work is based on the following hypothesis : 1- The building description can be made through its elements. 2- The building description can be made through its tasks. 3- Building the elements is cooperative; it requires knowledge, working systems shared between the different partners. 4- The ability and qualification of an element in its CAD background assists its description on a far-away database server. During the implementation phase, the different activities on a building site can be described as a model that integrates all the related tasks and includes all the work practices and requirements shared among the partners of the architectural project. The experiments that took place in this research were based on the Database management system of Oracle 9iAS and the CAD system Architectural DeskTop
Arzamendia, Lopez Juan Pablo. "Métholodogie de conception des matériaux architecturés pour le stockage latent dans le domaine du bâtiment." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAL0060/document.
Full textThe use of energy storage systems that exploit latent heat represents a promising solution to erase the heating demand of residential buildings during periods of peak demand. Equipping a building with such components can contribute to the goal of peak shaving in terms of public electricity grid supply. Significant drawbacks, however, are the low thermal conductivity of Phase Change Materials (PCM) that typically constitute such systems,and the requirement for a high rate of discharge. Consequently, the use of so-called architectured materials has been put forward as a means to optimize the effective conductivity of storage materials. Our work is focused upon the development of a methodology to design optimal materials for such systems that meet the criteria of energy storage and energy output. A so-called “top-down metholodogy” was implemented for the present work. This approach includes three scales of interest: building (top), system and material (down). The aim of the building scale analysis is to formulate a set of general design requirements. These are complemented by performance indicators, which are defined at the scale of the system. Finally, at the scale of the material, the architecture of the identified material is elaborated. A numerical simulation tool was developed to determine performance indicators for a latent heat energy storage system comprising of an air/PCM heat exchanger. This model was tested against a benchmark analytical solution and validated though comparison to experimental data. The developed methodology is applied to the specific case of an air/PCM exchanger latent-heat energy storage system. The system is analysed through the study of dimensionless numbers, which provide a set of design indicators for the system. As a result of this stage, the optimal material and functional properties are thus identified. Finally, an architectured material is proposed that would satisfy the design requirements of the storage system. We demonstrate that an arrangement composed of a sandwich of planar layers with nails and PCM can offer the required material properties. Furthermore, in order to meet the desired functional properties, the system design is modified by the addition of fins at the exchange surfaces. With the addition of 20 fins of 3mm thickness attached to the exchange surface of the sandwich panel, the storage system eliminated the heating demand for 2 hours during the period of high daily demand in winter
Oumeziane, Hamza Abdenour. "Approche systémique pour une ingénierie du bâtiment intégrée : contribution à l'interopérabilité d'acteurs en conception avancée." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ECAP1005.
Full textConstruction sector utilizes many disciplines, knowledge and know-how in design and manufacturing process. Each one evolved independently, with its own terminologies, suitable technologies, and specific means to express and communicate information. This fragmentation, often source of richness and diversity, causes many problems of information losses and communication difficulties between actors; these problems also exist within the same trade. It is clear that bringing this state of work to a collaborative method in building design and manufacturing, pass obligatory by setting up a tool of interoperability among actors from different trades and different stage in the building life cycle. Our objective is to bring closer these actors in work around a common building design process where each actor can have his own specific point of view well represented. This fact shows well that it exists a real problem of definition of the building design process (each actor has a specific point of view not necessary the same with the other actors). Going beyond the actual fractionation in the building design processe, means for us, dropping traditional design approaches, based on classic representations of the building life cycle and classic exchange rules between actors. This thesis proposes to set in a new modelling approach representing the building product according to the different actor’s point of view, and evolving in a dynamic collaborative work environment. This conceptual model brings closer the actors to a common and shared view of the building, without intervening in the each one’s specific methods. It adopts a systemic approach as informal modelling method, and UML language [. . . ]
Raad, Abbass. "Co-simulation et optimisation multi-critères en conception de bâtiment, par approche d’interopérabilité de services." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT103/document.
Full textThe building contributes mostly to the challenges of energy transition. In order to better reduce consumption, ensure better comfort, answer to the environmental and regulatory requirements while minimizing the total price, we propose to equip the design (from the sketch phase to the more advanced design phases, ...) with solutions offering a global view of the building and making optimal choices. Building design is characterized by many complementary models and simulation tools but they are independent and heterogeneous. In response to this problem of interoperability, we propose a service oriented approach, based on the Internet, to cover the aspects of global modeling and decision support. We address in particular the problems related to co-simulation strategies and algorithms, multi-objective discrete hybrid optimization and multicriteria decision support. This work is carried out within the framework of the ANR COSIMPHI in strong partnership with the CSTB
Gholipour, Vida. "Éco-conception collaborative de bâtiments durables." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011INPL043N/document.
Full textAssisting designers in improvement of environmental quality of their project, early in the sketch phase, could result in a better environmental profile of the final product. Designers are facing new necessities related to sustainable development, such as considering sources of energy and usage of local materials, among others. To find a compromise between the project’s context and architectural solutions, one has to carry out complex adjustment tasks to address this issue.To help designers with these tasks, we proposed a method founded on the usage of environment-oriented “design patterns”, which we have named “eco-models”. By being used in their projects, these eco-models are approved by many designers as plausible solutions. The eco-models and the actual projects in which they have been used are gathered and implemented in a (web-based) digital tool, named “eco.mod.”The interface of eco.mod enable designers to navigate in the database, and select appropriate eco-models to create an environmental scenario for their own architectural project. The eco.mod tool allows users to visualize the environmental consequences of theirs choices. Two experiments assisted by this tool have been conducted, and have mainly confirmed our hypothesis about efficacy of this proposed method and its associated tool
Arantes, Laëtitia. "L'intégration des données énergétiques dans la conception architecturale située." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00965670.
Full textNakapan, Walaiporn. "Recherche d'informations par l'imageApplication à la recherche interactive de produits du bâtiment." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00087102.
Full textde conception architecturale. Les moteurs de recherche de produits existants sur le Web
proposent les modes d'accès, qui, en général, s'appuient sur l'utilisation du texte. Ces modes
d'accès sont mal adaptés aux besoins d'informations des architectes qui sont souvent vagues
au départ, et ne sont jamais clairement et complètement énonçables en mots. C'est pourquoi,
nous proposons l'image comme un nouveau support à la recherche de produits. Nous
présentons une méthode appliquée à la recherche interactive de produits ainsi que la
construction de la base d'images utilisées pour cette recherche. Par conséquent, deux
applications ont été réalisées à partir de cette méthode : 1) un robot logiciel destiné à extraire
et indexer les images de produits à partir du Web, 2) un outil recherche interactive de produits
par l'image. L'évaluation de ces outils permet de proposer des améliorations de l'approche.
Silhadi, Kamal. "Intégration des systèmes experts en conception assistée par ordinateur des bâtiments d'habitation." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0083.
Full text[The aim of that thesis is to show the benefits of integrated expert systems in Computer Aided Dwellin Design (CADD) systems. Design is an intricate ill-strcutrure problem. So, because of that complexity, rhe designers organise tehmselves and th design process in oreder to fnd what HA SIMON told the « Satisfectum » : a ssatisficing solution to design problem but not an optimum. But actually the CADD systems are lilited to the representation (calculation, lay outs, …) of the project under design. By integrating expert systems, CADD system will get a king of « intelligence » and will have a better understanding of the users needs. In order to verify that idea, a new CADD system has been built : X2A-SE. It incudes two kinds of expert systems : - deductive on « intelligent » interfaces between designers and classical CADD tools, - heuristic evaluation tools for aproximated calculations. These expert systems have been intregated to a classical CADD system. But they can also work alone out of that system. In our work we have developped the thermal design components of those tolls. ]
Liron, Romain. "Approche écologique dans la conception d’outils cognitifs dans le domaine administratif : application à l’artisanat du bâtiment." Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIL391/document.
Full textThis work adopts the cognitive engineering framework for the design and evaluation of cognitive tools interfaces in the administrative handicraft field. This framework relies on an ecological approach of work systems. The objectives of this work were twofold. First, it consisted in showing the heuristic value of the ecological approach. Second, we aimed at proposing a user interface for a mobile digital cognitive tool assisting administrative tasks. More precisely, we proposed to consolidate the work domain analysis framework by considering some of the more complex characteristics to model, that is to say recursion and the ethical dimension. Afterwards, we tested a recent method named “Turing Machine Task Analysis” to validate and verify the work domain model. We also proposed a new verification and validation method for work domain model, named “viewpoints method”. Based on a modeling of the administrative handicraft domain, we tested several user interface mockups for a cognitive tool. This experiment permitted us to measure the degree of application of the Ecological Interface Design principles. Finally, we proposed and tested a final mockup for craftsmen
Leclercq, Maximilien. "Conception et intégration d'un système de vision pour la gestion du confort visuel dans le bâtiment." Lyon, INSA, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ISAL0081.
Full textOne aspect of the energy consumption reduction in buildings concerns the lighting. It cannot be considered without taking into account the visual comfort of people according to the task done, in particular in the tertiary sector. The study of the human perception leads to the conclusion that the natural lighting is the solution that allows the best comfort. However the management of the daylighting is difficult and the evaluation of the comfort remains subjective. This PhD work has led to the development of innovative equipments that allow firstly to measure several comfort criteria and thus to extract a comfort index, and secondly to implement the control of the visual ambiance while minimizing the energy consumption. The implemented comfort sensor relies on the extraction of information from images taken by a fish-eye camera in order to measure global (mean luminance, and barycentre of the luminance), and local criteria (dazzling points, and high contrast zones). These criteria are aggregated using fuzzy logic in order to determine a comfort index; this approach taking naturally into account the subjectivity among people of the concept of comfort. The management of the visual comfort relies on the control of two types of actuators: Venietian blinds and artificial lights. The implemented control is based on a structure with imbricate loops that allows the control of the different levels of information in this system (physical, optical, comfort criteria and index). It uses a set of models resulting from identification procedures and it is defined in order to reach a good robustness in regards with the model uncertainties and to reject perturbations. These implementations have been tested and validated experimentally within a room of openspace area type
Richaud, Olivier. "Conception et réalisation d'un container de composants distribués pour l'entreprise virtuelle : application au secteur du bâtiment." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5478.
Full textCheikh-Yassine, Mohammad-Malek. "Méthodes et outils pour une meilleure adéquation"programmation-conception"dans un contexte de C. A. O. -bâtiment." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0085.
Full text[The objective of this research is to find a better "Programming - Design" balance in the field of collective habitation buildings. The aim is to help the work planners to constitute the program and the designer to elaborate the preliminary project summary in a reasonable accordance with the program. The role of these tools is to facilitate the dialogue between the operation intervener's during the Design stage. By ensuring the means of communication, a better project management and quality/cost ratio can be guaranteed as early as this stage. The resolution propositions presented in this thesis are based on quality evaluation methods and building costs. The quality management principles are integrated in the computer aided design context. The study start with a presentation of the general quality management concepts as well as the essential notions of programming studies and building concepts. Then, the quality evaluation methods - on which are based the program contents - are presented. Finally, the answer elements for the posed problem are described through the specifications of a data processing system handling and organising the proposed tools]
Trocmé, Maxime. "Aide aux choix de conception de bâtiments économes en énergie." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005892.
Full textBlanc, Françoise. "Robert Venturi et Denise Scott Brown, architectes hors de l'ordinaire : anatomie d'un bâtiment." Toulouse 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU20111.
Full textAbed, Mohammed. "Intégration de l’évaluation thermique dans un système de C. A. O. Bâtiment : Développement d'outils d'assistance à l'utilisateur." Lyon, INSA, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ISAL0073.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis deals with Computer Aided Building Design. The multi-disciplinary approach is · the basic point which allows the aggregate control of the project since the first steps of design. X2A, support of this study, is a building CAD system of the preliminary design. It gives· the possibility to include technical valuations at an moment. Our contribution relates to two points : - The first one concerns the enrichment of X2. A by integration of technical modules. Two kinds of tools are enclosed to the s stem. The first calculates the thermal leakage and the warning needs in permanent working conditions. The other tool, more specialized, allows thermal simulation of building behaviour and the corresponding heating systems. - The second point relates to the improvement of the user assistance component. The aid to the first technological proposal, the calculation management and the definition of the consequences associated to a modification are the principal intervening fields. In this thesis, we treat more the third point
Gengembre, Édouard. "Contribution à la construction de méta-modèles pour l’optimisation sous contraintes de critères énergétiques : application à la conception des bâtiments." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2011. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/11723/1/gengembre.pdf.
Full textLoyez, Christophe. "Contribution à la conception et à la réalisation de liaisons radio haut débit intra-bâtiment à 60 GHz." Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10202.
Full textLeprince, Valérie. "Bâtiment très basse consommation d'énergie : aide à la conception par l'analyse des interactions entre l'enveloppe et les équipements." Vaulx-en-Velin, École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ENTP0002.
Full textBecause of the huge technological breakthrough that represents the "Grenelle de l'Environnement" goals for the buildings, we have to weIl prepare this deadline. In fact, the emergency to build very low energy building faces with the low experience of France, regarding that kind of construction, and with the technical difficulty to build such buildings defect-free. Thus, it is necessary to prepare this technological breakthrough but not only by improving each technique of the building (insulation, ventilation, etc. ) but also by conceiving low energy building with the global approach. On this Ph-D, we have studied (very) low energy buildings with the global approach. We first recaIIed physical principles of techniques in (very) low energy buildings. Then, we examined the whole building with cases studys in France and in foreign countries. Afterwards, we have studied interactions between techniques in low energy buildings. First, we've done a study with systemic method, and then we quantified interactions by modeIIing an existent building. We have established various interactions between the techniques and studied the physical explanations for those interactions. Afterwards, from the interactions' study and results obtained by coupling various techniques ; we developed a method to choose best configurations,on a constraints basis. From this method, we set a "conception tool". FinaIly, we used design of experiment to complete this tool, so that it couId evaluate the consumption from parameters set by the tool and others set by the user
Boyer, Harry. "Conception thermo-aéraulique de bâtiments multizones. Proposition d'un outil à choix multiple des modèles." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00757022.
Full textSahnouni, Belblidia Yasmine. "Modélisation des données dans le bâtiment pour le développement d'outils d'assistance à la conception technique : un modèle pour la simulation du cycle de la conception technique." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL033N.
Full textHoyet, Nadia. "Conception de la matérialisation en architecture :l'expérimentation comme facteur d'innovation industrielle." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00274184.
Full textEl, Hajjar Ziad. "Contribution à la modélisation numérique des phénomènes de couplage entre milieux élastiques ou élastoplastiques." Lyon, INSA, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ISAL0049.
Full textMost civil Engineering structures behave as an assembly of deformable bodies of different materials. The numerical representation of the mechanical behaviour of these structures acquirers the construction of a model which is capable of describing the behaviour of the interface and the rheology of the materials correctly. In this work, we present a model treating the coupling between elastic and elastoplastic solids. In the first part, a study of existing literature provided the means of reviewing the various possible formulations for modelling the interfaces and the materials and we underline the choice we mode. In a second part, we present the numerical methods used in our model, emphasising in a coupling between the finite element method and the boundary integral equation method. In a third part, we present a two-dimensional interface element, based upon a contact approach, using the Lagrange multiplier technique. The element so chosen allows us to observe the evolution of the contact surface, and it includes the different deformation modes of the interface (stick slip – bonding – rebonding). This element is then introduced into an elastoplastic finite element code, and at last we show how this problem with two sources of non *linearity (interface-plasticity) is solved by an incremental-iterative procedure. Finally, the applications presented, indicate by their diversity and their importance, the validity of the hypothesis and the efficiency of the proposed model
Daghoum, Mazen. "Vers une méthodologie d'aide à la conception des bâtiment au niveau d'un avant-projet sommaire selon une démarche performancielle." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988ECAP0084.
Full textChlela, Fadi. "Développement d'une méthodologie de conception de bâtiments à basse consommation d'énergie." Phd thesis, Université de La Rochelle, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00271813.
Full textL'objectif de ce travail est de développer une méthodologie pour réaliser des études de conception de bâtiments à basse consommation d'énergie. La méthodologie consiste à déterminer des modèles polynômiaux pour l'évaluation des performances énergétique et du confort thermique d'été des bâtiments, à l'aide de la méthode des plans d'expériences et des outils de simulation numérique. Ces modèles polynômiaux permettent de simplifier les études paramétriques, en apportant une réponse alternative aux outils de simulations numériques pour la recherche de solutions afin de concevoir des bâtiments à basse consommation d'énergie. La méthodologie est appliquée sur un bâtiment tertiaire à savoir un immeuble de bureaux.
Dans le premier chapitre, nous présentons l'état de l'art des bâtiments à basse consommation d'énergie et à énergie positive, dans le but de dresser un bilan de connaissances sur le contexte énergétique français, sur les labels mis en place en France et à l'étranger, sur les projets réalisés et sur les techniques utilisées pour concevoir des bâtiments à basse consommation d'énergie.
Ensuite, nous nous focalisons dans le second chapitre, sur le développement de modèles numérique nécessaires à l'élaboration de la méthodologie. Les modèles sont développés dans l'environnement MATLAB/SIMULINK et intégrés dans la bibliothèque SIMBAD, dédiée à la simulation numérique en thermique du bâtiment afin de participer à son développement. De plus, nous présentons des études d'évaluation énergétiques de systèmes spécifiques aux bâtiments à basse consommation d'énergie qui illustrent l'utilisation des modèles numériques développés.
Un cas d'étude est défini dans le troisième chapitre ainsi que les contextes climatiques à considérer, les principes de base de la méthode des plans d'expériences et un exemple de son application. Le cas d'étude considéré est un immeuble de bureaux, nommé Beethoven, dont les caractéristiques de base seront choisies selon les exigences de la réglementation thermique. Ces caractéristiques constituent la configuration de référence qui est améliorée en suivant la méthodologie développée. L'analyse des huit zones climatiques définies par la réglementation thermique et l'évaluation des performances énergétiques du bâtiment pour la configuration de référence par rapport à ces climats, permettent de sélectionner trois climats représentatifs pour la suite du travail. Enfin, un exemple d'application de la méthode des plans d'expériences pour une optimisation énergétique de la configuration de référence permet de justifier le choix de cette méthode.
Le début du quatrième chapitre est consacré au développement des modèles polynômiaux pour l'évaluation des performances énergétique et du confort thermique d'été du bâtiment Beethoven. Nous débutons ce chapitre par une évaluation des limites de la méthode des plans d'expériences pour déterminer ces modèles polynômiaux. Il en découle une méthodologie générale d'application de la méthode des plans d'expériences afin de développer des modèles polynômiaux pour réaliser des études de conception de bâtiment à basse consommation d'énergie. Ensuite, nous effectuons, à l'aide de ces modèles, une étude de sensibilité pour le bâtiment Beethoven et une analyse de solutions pour concevoir un bâtiment à basse consommation d'énergie selon divers critères énergétiques.
Dans le dernier chapitre, nous présentons un exemple d'application des modèles polynômiaux développés pour identifier des solutions pour la conception de l'enveloppe et des systèmes du bâtiment Beethoven, afin d'obtenir un bâtiment à basse consommation d'énergie, selon les critères du label Français Effinergie et du label Allemand Passivhaus. Les configurations basse consommation d'énergie obtenues sont comparées par rapport à la configuration de référence en termes de performances énergétiques, de confort thermique d'été et d'émissions CO2.
La méthodologie que nous proposons permet d'identifier, de manière simple et rapide, des solutions pour concevoir des bâtiments à basse consommation d'énergie. Les solutions sont sélectionnées à l'aide d'abaques définis avec les modèles polynomiaux développés. Le niveau de précision constaté par rapport à la simulation numérique est appréciable. Le choix des solutions est effectué parmi des millions de configurations de facteurs, déterminées à l'aide des modèles polynômiaux. La détermination de toutes ces configurations serait difficile voire impossible à réaliser directement à l'aide de la simulation numérique, sans avoir recours à des modèles polynomiaux, d'où l'avantage d'une telle méthodologie.
Enfin, cette méthodologie constitue une base robuste pour le développement d'outils d'aide à la décision, destinés aux différents acteurs du secteur du bâtiment pour la conception des bâtiments neufs et la rénovation thermique des bâtiments existants, selon les critères des bâtiments à basse consommation d'énergie.
Abdulhamid, Rahal Ammar. "Contribution à l'évaluation de la vulnérabilité sismique d'un bâtiment hospitalier." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GRENA024.
Full textTo ensure the continuity of hospital's services after an earthquake, it requires, in addition to a good structural resistance, the operability of technical components necessary to maintain the medical care. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to provide for hospital's manager a global and a preliminary approach to assess the seismic vulnerability of the hospital system towards a "limit of services" earthquake that causes slight structural damages. This work is based on an existing method (Visual Screening) which is set up mainly on historical behavior of the various components during earthquakes. To make up for lack of data of feed-back, especially for new components, we propose an alternative method for assessing the vulnerability of a component in situ. This method is based on the composition of component's seismic profile from fifteen characteristic parameters affecting its vulnerability such as mass, functional sensitivity, etc. ELECTRE TRI (multicriteria analysis method) is used to assign the component in a predefined vulnerability class (no vulnerable, little vulnerable, vulnerable and very vulnerable). The originality of this work is the implementation of an automatic sensitivity analysis of ELECTRE TRI parameters. Thus the uncertainties of data entered by the user at the time of component's profile setting are taking into account by Monte Carlo simulation
Hubert, Charles-Émile. "Étude du fonctionnement et optimisation de la conception d'un système pile à combustible PEM exploité en cogénération dans le bâtiment." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002331.
Full textHubert, Charles-Emile. "Etude du fonctionnement et optimisation de la conception d’un système de pile à combustible PEM exploité en cogénération dans le bâtiment." Paris, ENMP, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENMP1349.
Full textBach, Matthieu. "Conception d'un outil cognitif d'assistance à la prise de vue pour la photogrammétrie terrestre." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27479/27479.pdf.
Full textJanvier, Damien. "Contribution à la modélisation simplifiée de l'enveloppe du bâtiment et des ambiances thermo-aérauliques." Reims, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REIMS003.
Full textWarkozek, Ghaith. "Génération automatique de problèmes d'optimisation pour la conception et la gestion des réseaux électriques de bâtiments intelligents multi-sources multi-charges." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00625784.
Full textHaller, Hélène. "Concevoir des bâtiments performants : prescriptions publiques, coordination, apprentissage." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAH008/document.
Full textIn a context of sustainable development and energy transition, the French building sector represents a lever to carry out and achieve energy demand management ambitions. National and local rules regarding construction were progressively and substantially modified, and the building design process had to evolve to abide by these rules. Building design has been called into question by requirements aimed at energy performance.We question the readjustments implemented by building designers to follow these requirements. We show that local authorities mostly use operational urban planning to carry their energy requirements. Besides, after a learning period due to the implementation of a new definition of energy performance, the building sector has known stabilisation, characterized by the return of routines and the seek for shared conventions between the project owner and the project manager team. We study how an innovation (the global energy performance) developped and has been adopted by the socio-technical regime of construction.We mobilize the pragmatic sociology; particularly the French branch of sociological economy developed by L. Boltanski and L. Thévenot, and also researches on conventionalism, in order to study three estate operations. These operations belong to multi-unit housing, are of various sizes and are all characterized by a search of energy performance. They are located in different places: in the city of Strasbourg (Alsace) and in the area of Haute-Savoie
Thorel, Sylvain. "Conception et réalisation d'un drone hybride sol/air autonome." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ENMP0054/document.
Full textThis thesis is dedicated to the non-linear control of a special hybrid quadrotor which is able to fly, and slide on the ground like an hovercraft. In the context of an autonomous indoor exploration this hybrid concept allows saving energy when flying is not necessary, since the drone can then slide on the ground without having to compensate for the gravity; autonomy can last beyond the 20 minutes typical of a standard quadrotor. Contrarily to wheeled mobile robots, the hybrid drone ability to move across space is strongly increased since it can fly to avoid obstacles, to move between two levels, to get in through a window. The study under consideration is essentially focused on the displacement of the drone on the ground and aims at designing and implementing a control law so that our system is able to track a 2D xy plane trajectory. This terrestrial quadrotor is similar to a slider underactuated vehicle. The point stabilisation is then separately studied from the trajectory tracking issue because of the Brockett condition, which is not satisfied in that case; our platform cannot be stabilized by means of continuous state feedbacks. This thesis proposes different theoretical developments based on the literature and deriving from time varying control laws, transverse functions, flatness or backstepping techniques to solve both point stabilisation and trajectory tracking. The experimental part of the thesis is based on the recovering of the drone position in real time and orientation via a Motion Capture system for feedback loop in the control law; the proposed dynamical model was validated as well as the control and command laws for the tracking of a circular trajectory
Charles, Smith. "Conception d'un Système Expert pour l'étude de la Sécurité Incendie de Bâtiments dans un Contexte Pluridisciplinaire." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 1992. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003554.
Full textChery, Wesner. "Étude des modifications au code national du bâtiment 2005 et au code de béton 2004 sur la conception sismique des murs de refend couplés." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2005. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/329/1/CHERY_Wesner.pdf.
Full textRaimbaud, Pierre. "La réalité virtuelle pour les besoins de l'industrie du bâtiment : guider la conception des interactions utilisateurs grâce à une méthodologie centrée sur les tâches." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE012.
Full textThe field of virtual reality (VR) has undergone significant development these last years due to the growing maturity of this technology. This has allowed for its diffusion in many domains, notably in the building construction one. However, a problem resulting from such use of VR is that the VR interactions provided to the users are often not sufficiently adapted to their needs. It is indeed difficult to make a synthesis between the building trades’ expertise and the VR expertise. A research question then arises, which is how to allow the experts in a specific field, who do not have VR expertise, to be able to define and obtain the specifications of VR interaction technique, in autonomy. To answer this question, in this research we propose a new task-oriented methodology for the design of VR interactions. This one contains semi-automated systems that allow for the decomposition of the user task and for the determination of proposals of VR interaction techniques - i.e. the obtaining of the two types of specifications that are expected here. This methodology has been tested and evaluated on two case studies from the building sector. The results obtained show that our methodology can be used by experts from the construction industry, in autonomy, and that they have obtained specifications similar to the ones obtained by following a traditional user-centred design methodology
Ledoux, Élise. "Projets architecturaux dans le secteur sanitaire et social : du bâtiment au projet : la contribution des ergonomes à l'instruction des choix." Paris, CNAM, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CNAM0348.
Full textHassan, Cyril. "Simulations, conception et réalisation d'un plafond chauffant et rafraîchissant pour des pièces à usage de bureau." Paris, ENMP, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENMP1189.
Full textStudies on thermal comfort in office spaces are encouraged by economic and environmental considerations. Radiant air-conditioning ceiling systems are efficient on thermal comfort because they do not create any discomfort and the air temperature is higher than with a all-air system. Their use is cheaper than with a conventional system and so, it provides energy saving. However, their cooling capacity is limited for an office use. After a sizing performed with the software COMFIE®, heat soft pipes are integrated in a radiant air-conditioning ceiling system. With this technology, uniform surface temperatures are observed and high heat transfer rates are achieved. During the tests, effects on the thermal comfort are noticed : operative temperature is higher to 2 or 3 K in heating mode, and lower 3 or 4 K in cooling mode. An advanced numerical simulation of this room is carried out : air velocity field is predicted with the CFD software FLUENT® and the thermal field is calculated with THERMETTE®. These simulations are used to improve the system design : by increasing the radiant ceiling area and the thermal convection coefficient or by a thermal preconditioning on air, the radiant air-conditioning ceiling system would be able to transfer more easily all thermal fluxes
Ebert, Rolf. "Développement d'un environnement de simulation de systèmes complexes. Application aux bâtiments." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523619.
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