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Academic literature on the topic 'Concentric exercise'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Concentric exercise"

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Lepley, Lindsey K., Steven M. Davi, Emily R. Hunt, Julie P. Burland, McKenzie S. White, Grace Y. McCormick, and Timothy A. Butterfield. "Morphology and Anabolic Response of Skeletal Muscles Subjected to Eccentrically or Concentrically Biased Exercise." Journal of Athletic Training 55, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 336–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-174-19.

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Context Long-term eccentric exercise is known to promote muscle growth better than concentric exercise, but its acute effect on muscle is not well understood because of misinterpreted modeling and in situ and in vitro stretch protocols. Knowing if the initial bout of eccentric exercise promotes muscle growth and limits damage is critical to understanding the effect of this mode of exercise. Objective To directly evaluate the immediate effects of eccentric and concentric exercises on untrained muscle when fiber strains were physiological and exercise doses were comparable. Design Controlled laboratory study. Setting Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants A total of 40 skeletally mature male Long-Evans rats (age = 16 weeks, mass = 452.1 ± 35.2 g) were randomly assigned to an eccentric exercise (downhill walking, n = 16), concentric exercise (uphill walking, n = 16), or control (no exercise, n = 8) group. Intervention(s) Rats were exposed to a single 15-minute bout of eccentric or concentric exercise on a motorized treadmill and then were euthanized at 6 or 24 hours postexercise. We harvested the vastus lateralis muscle bilaterally. Main Outcome Measure(s) The percentage increase or decrease in protein abundance in exercised animals relative to that in unexercised control animals was evaluated as elevated phosphorylated p70S6k relative to total p70S6k. Fiber damage was quantified using immunoglobulin G permeability staining. One-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey tests were performed. Results Rats exposed to eccentric exercise and euthanized at 24 hours had higher percentage response protein synthesis rates than rats exposed to eccentric exercise and euthanized at 6 hours (P = .02) or to concentric exercise and euthanized at 6 (P = .03) or 24 (P = .03) hours. We assessed 9446 fibers for damage and found only 1 fiber was infiltrated (in the concentric exercise group euthanized at 6 hours). Furthermore, no between-groups differences in immunoglobulin G fluorescent intensity were detected (P = .94). Conclusions Incorporating eccentric exercise is a simple, universally available therapeutic intervention for promoting muscle recovery. A single 15-minute dose of eccentric exercise to a novice muscle can better exert an anabolic effect than a comparable dose of concentric exercise, with very limited evidence of fiber damage.
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Friden, J., P. N. Sfakianos, and A. R. Hargens. "Muscle soreness and intramuscular fluid pressure: comparison between eccentric and concentric load." Journal of Applied Physiology 61, no. 6 (December 1, 1986): 2175–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.61.6.2175.

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This study investigates the dynamic and resting intramuscular pressures associated with eccentric and concentric exercise of muscles in a low-compliance compartment. The left and righ leg anterior compartments of eight healthy males (ages 22–32 yr) were exercised by either concentric or eccentric contractions of the same load (400 submaximal contractions at constant rate, 20/min for 20 min at a load corresponding to 15% of individual maximal dorsiflexion torque). Tissue fluid pressures were measured with the slit-catheter technique before, during, and after the exercise. Average peak intramuscular pressure generated during eccentric exercise (236 mmHg) was significantly greater than during concentric exercise (157 mmHg, P less than 0.001). Peak isometric contraction pressure in the eccentrically exercised compartment was significantly higher both within 20 min postexercise and on the second postexercise day (P less than 0.001). Resting pressure 2 days postexercise was significantly higher on the eccentrically exercised side (10.5 mmHg) compared with the concentrically exercised (4.4 mmHg, P less than 0.05). The ability to sustain tension during postexercise isometric contractions was impaired on the “eccentric” side. Soreness was exclusively experienced in the eccentrically exercised muscles. We conclude that eccentric exercise causes significant intramuscular pressure elevation in the anterior compartment, not seen following concentric exercise, and that this may be one of the factors associated with development of delayed muscle soreness in a tight compartment.
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Chaudhry, Saira, Dylan Morrissey, Roger C. Woledge, Dan L. Bader, and Hazel R. C. Screen. "Eccentric and Concentric Exercise of the Triceps Surae: An in Vivo Study of Dynamic Muscle and Tendon Biomechanical Parameters." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 31, no. 2 (April 2015): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2013-0284.

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Triceps surae eccentric exercise is more effective than concentric exercise for treating Achilles tendinopathy, however the mechanisms underpinning these effects are unclear. This study compared the biomechanical characteristics of eccentric and concentric exercises to identify differences in the tendon load response. Eleven healthy volunteers performed eccentric and concentric exercises on a force plate, with ultrasonography, motion tracking, and EMG applied to measure Achilles tendon force, lower limb movement, and leg muscle activation. Tendon length was ultrasonographically tracked and quantified using a novel algorithm. The Fourier transform of the ground reaction force was also calculated to investigate for tremor, or perturbations. Tendon stiffness and extension did not vary between exercise types (P= .43). However, tendon perturbations were significantly higher during eccentric than concentric exercises (25%–40% higher,P= .02). Furthermore, perturbations during eccentric exercises were found to be negatively correlated with the tendon stiffness (R2= .59). The particular efficacy of eccentric exercise does not appear to result from variation in tendon stiffness or extension within a given session. However, varied perturbation magnitude may have a role in mediating the observed clinical effects. This property is subject-specific, with the source and clinical timecourse of such perturbations requiring further research.
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Kujawa-Holbrook, Sheryl A. "Concentric Circles Dialogue Exercise." Teaching Theology & Religion 16, no. 4 (October 2013): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/teth.12141.

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Perentis, Panagiotis A., Evgenia D. Cherouveim, Vassiliki J. Malliou, Nikos V. Margaritelis, Panagiotis N. Chatzinikolaou, Panayiotis Koulouvaris, Charilaos Tsolakis, Michalis G. Nikolaidis, Nickos D. Geladas, and Vassilis Paschalis. "The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Exercise on Skeletal Muscle and Cerebral Oxygenation during Cycling and Isokinetic Concentric and Eccentric Exercise." Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology 6, no. 3 (July 16, 2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6030062.

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The aim of the present study was to study the effects of cycling and pure concentric and pure eccentric high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) on skeletal muscle (i.e., vastus lateralis) and cerebral oxygenation. Twelve healthy males (n = 12, age 26 ± 1 yr, body mass 78 ± 2 kg, height 176 ± 2 cm, body fat 17 ± 1% of body mass) performed, in a random order, cycling exercise and isokinetic concentric and eccentric exercise. The isokinetic exercises were performed on each randomly selected leg. The muscle and the cerebral oxygenation were assessed by measuring oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, total hemoglobin, and tissue saturation index. During the cycling exercise, participants performed seven sets of seven seconds maximal intensity using a load equal to 7.5% of their body mass while, during isokinetic concentric and eccentric exercise, they were performed seven sets of five maximal muscle contractions. In all conditions, a 15 s rest was adopted between sets. The cycling HIIE caused greater fatigue (i.e., greater decline in fatigue index) compared to pure concentric and pure eccentric isokinetic exercise. Muscle oxygenation was significantly reduced during HIIE in the three exercise modes, with no difference between them. Cerebral oxygenation was affected only marginally during cycling exercise, while no difference was observed between conditions. It is concluded that a greater volume of either concentric or eccentric isokinetic maximal intensity exercise is needed to cause exhaustion which, in turn, may cause greater alterations in skeletal muscle and cerebral oxygenation.
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Sipavičienė, Saulė, Albertas Skurvydas, Irina Ramanauskienė, Žibuoklė Senikienė, and Audronė Dumčienė. "Cooling makes recovery of muscle faster after eccentric-concentric than concentric exercise." Medicina 44, no. 3 (March 17, 2008): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina44030029.

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The aim of the study was to establish the influence of muscle cooling on muscle recovery after concentric and eccentric-concentric exercise. Healthy untrained males (n=40) took part in this study. During the first experiment, subjects performed concentric and during the second – eccentric-concentric exercise. During both experiments, the subjects were divided into the groups. In the first group, the muscles of the lower limbs were cooled down after the physical load, while the muscles of the subjects of the second group were not cooled. The rectal, skin, and muscle temperature was repeatedly measured immediately after physical load and after cooling of the muscle. Before exercise and after 2 min and 4, 8, 24, 48, 72 hours after performing exercise, quadriceps muscle strength, generated by electrical stimulation at frequencies of 20 Hz and 50 Hz, and maximal voluntary contraction force were registered. Serum creatine kinase levels were measured before and 24 hours after exercise. In addition, the subjects subjectively rated their muscle pain on a 10-point scale 24, 48, 72 hours after exercise. The results show that cooling applied to muscles after concentric and eccentricconcentric exercise affected the indicators of muscle damage – the activity of creatine kinase was decreased and muscle strength recovered faster. The cooling effect is greater when it is applied after eccentric-concentric exercise.
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Thomas, Tom R., Ben R. Londeree, and Deborah A. Lawson. "Prolonged Recovery From Eccentric Versus Concentric Exercise." Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology 19, no. 4 (December 1, 1994): 441–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h94-036.

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In order to determine whether exercise mode affects recovery energy expenditure, 7 active men (average age 25 yrs) performed a control rest and three submaximal exercise bouts in counterbalanced order in separate weeks. The bouts, designed to involve three levels of eccentric muscular activity, included 60% [Formula: see text] jog (60 J), 60% downhill (−5%) jog (60 DH), 60% cycling (60 C), and a control session. Following a 24-hr period of regulated activity and diet, subjects exercised for 60 min. [Formula: see text] and RER were assessed during 48 hrs of regulated recovery. Total energy use was elevated following 60 C and 60 DH versus control, and fat energy use was elevated following 60 J, 60 DH, and 60 C versus control. For combined trials, the total energy use was higher at 1, 2, and 9 hrs postexercise. These results do not support the hypothesis that eccentric muscular activity affects the magnitude of recovery energy expenditure. Key words: energy expenditure, fat energy expenditure, excess postexercise oxygen consumption, exercise mode
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Doyle, J. A., W. M. Sherman, and R. L. Strauss. "Effects of eccentric and concentric exercise on muscle glycogen replenishment." Journal of Applied Physiology 74, no. 4 (April 1, 1993): 1848–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.74.4.1848.

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Eccentric contractions appear to reduce muscle glycogen replenishment during the 1- to 10-day period after exercise. The main purpose of this study was to determine whether consuming a large amount of carbohydrate (1.6 g.kg-1.h-1) during the 4 h after glycogen-reducing exercise would produce different patterns of glycogen replenishment in human muscle that had undergone either eccentric or concentric contractions approximately 2 or 48 h earlier. Subjects cycled for 75 min and undertook interval exercise to deplete glycogen on days 1 and 3. After cycling exercise on day 1 only, subjects performed 10 sets of 10 repetitions of either concentric or eccentric contractions in opposite legs. During the 4 h after exercise, subjects consumed 0.4 g carbohydrate/kg body wt every 15 min. Biopsies were obtained immediately before the feedings and 4 h later, and blood was sampled every 15 min. For days 1 and 3 combined, total integrated areas for the glucose and insulin response curves averaged 1,683 mumol.ml-1.240 min-1 and 21,450 microU.ml-1.240 min-1, respectively. For days 1 and 3 combined, muscle glycogen replenishment after concentric exercise averaged 10 mmol.kg-1.h-1. On day 1 glycogen replenishment was similar for subjects performing either concentric or eccentric contractions. On day 3, however, glycogen replenishment was 25% lower (P < 0.05) in muscle that had undertaken eccentric contractions 48 h earlier than in concentrically exercised muscle. In conclusion, glycogen replenishment can be stimulated to a high rate when a large amount of carbohydrate is consumed after glycogen-depleting concentric exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Ahmadi, Sirous, Peter J. Sinclair, and Glen M. Davis. "Muscle oxygenation following concentric exercise." Isokinetics and Exercise Science 15, no. 4 (November 19, 2007): 309–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ies-2007-0288.

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Chamari, Karim, Guillaume Laffaye, Luca Paolo Ardigò, and Johnny Padulo. "RETRACTED: Concentric and Eccentric Exercise." Journal of Pain 14, no. 11 (November 2013): 1531–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2013.07.001.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Concentric exercise"

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Gault, Mandy Lucinda. "Adaptations of older adults to concentric and eccentric endurance exercise." Thesis, University of Chichester, 2010. http://eprints.chi.ac.uk/813/.

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The first aim was to examine in older adults the acute physiological effects of eccentric exercise (i.e. downhill treadmill walking, DW: -10% gradient, 30-min) at a self-selected walking speed. The secondary aim was to examine in older adults the effects of a 12-week concentric (level treadmill walking, LW: 0% gradient) and eccentric (downhill treadmill walking, DW: -10% gradient) endurance exercise intervention (30-min, 3x week) at a self-selected walking speed (SSWS, re-evaluated every 4-weeks) on the functional and physiological adaptations. Participants were randomly assigned to an exercise group (LW: 0=13 or DW: n=IS). Eighteen participants (8 LWand 10 DW) completed the 12-week intervention. Wearing the Cosmed K4b2 portable metabolic system had no effect on performance and physiological responses during the I-mile Rockport Fitness Walking Test (Study I).
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Fischer, Stephen Michael. "METABOLIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN A BOUT OF ECCENTRIC, CONCENTRIC, AND TRADITIONAL RESISTANCE EXERCISE." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1479465117642973.

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Kellis, Eleftherios. "Muscle activation and joint loading during isokinetic eccentric and concentric exercise." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321116.

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Pelka, Edward Zachary. "Relationship between Muscle Architecture and Concentric Movement Velocity during Resistance Exercise." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1619878216536701.

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Mizuguchi, Satoshi, P. Cormie, Andrew S. Layne, Mark A. South, G. Gregory Haff, William A. Sands, J. M. McBride, Michael W. Ramsey, and Michael H. Stone. "Comparison of Concentric Impulse Determination Methods in Counter-movement Jump." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4111.

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Niesen-Vertommen, Sherri. "The effect of an eccentric-type exercise versus a concentric-type exercise in the management of chronic Achilles tendonitis." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28144.

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The main purpose of this study was to determine which method of tendon rehabilitation - the "eccentric ankle drop" exercise or the universal gym "concentric plantarflexion/dorsiflexion" exercise - produced a more effective result in terms of recovery in the treatment of chronic Achilles tendonitis. Seventeen subjects with chronic Achilles tendonitis were studied. They were selected on the basis that they had a history of athletic participation, and have had the symptoms of Achilles tendonitis greater than three weeks. Subjects were assigned to either of two groups: training using the "eccentric ankle drop" exercise or training using the "concentric plantarflexion/ dorsiflexion" exercise. Subjects were clinically examined by a physician and referred to the study, then placed on a twelve week exercise program. They were examined and tested at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Testing included the following variables: average and peak torque measured on the KIN/COM Isokinetic Dynamometer at 3 0 and 50 degrees per second, and for plantarflexor concentric and eccentric muscle contractions, a subjective evaluation of pain and return to activity rated on a scale from 1 to 10. The results showed the "eccentric ankle drop" exercise did not significantly increase in average or peak torque values at either velocity of 3 0 or 50 degrees per second more so than the "concentric plantarflexion/dorsiflexion" exercise. However, the eccentric group did demonstrate larger gains in both torque value compared to the concentric group. The plantarflexor torque values on the whole increased in a linear fashion at both velocities for both groups similarly, as indicated by the highly significant trend analysis (p<.001). There was a significant difference seen in pain ratings between the groups averaged over the four testing sessions (p<.01) with the eccentric group decreasing in pain more than the concentric group. Also, the eccentric exercise group produced three times as many "pain free" subjects at the end of the program than the concentric group. There was not a significant difference observed between the eccentric exercise group and the concentric exercise group with the return to activity effect. However the eccentric group over the twelve week period demonstrated a quicker return to preinjury activity than did the concentric group. The eccentric group also produced four times as many full return to preinjury activity level subjects by the end of the program than did the concentric group. Also the return to activity effect increased in a linear fashion for both groups similarly, as indicated by the highly significant trend analysis (P<.001). Although no statistical significance was found between the two exercise groups (except for pain levels), the subjective measures favor the use of the eccentric exercise. Thus from a clinical standpoint, the eccentric exercise can be recommended as a more positive approach toward the conservative management of chronic Achilles tendonitis.
Education, Faculty of
Curriculum and Pedagogy (EDCP), Department of
Graduate
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Kudiarasu, Christine. "Effects of eccentric versus concentric resistance training in adults with Type 2 Diabetes." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2020. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2297.

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The benefits of resistance training for people with Type 2 diabetes (T2D) are well documented; however, the effects of different muscle contraction types (e.g. eccentric, concentric) on physiological outcomes for this population are still unclear. This study investigated the effects of eccentric (ECC) versus concentric (CON) resistance training on blood markers, muscle strength, physical functional performance and body composition. Eighteen adults with T2D (Age: 64.8 ± 9.0 y; BMI: 30.3 ± 4.1 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to either an ECC (n = 9) or a CON (n = 9) group. Participants performed 2 or 3 sets of 10 eccentric (5-s) or concentric (2-s) contractions of eight upper and lower body resistance exercises, twice a week for 12 weeks. Training intensity gradually increased from 10 to 100% of 1-repetition maximum concentric strength (1-RM) for the ECC group and from 50 to 100% of 1-RM strength for the CON group, based on the 1-RM at baseline. Blood markers (glucose, insulin, HbA1c, HOMA2-IR, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL), muscle strength (1- RM), body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and physical functional performance tests consisting of 6-min walk (6MWT), chair rise (CR), timed up-and-go (TUG), and balance were measured before and after the intervention, and the changes were compared between groups. Significant differences in the improvement between the ECC and CON group were found for 1-RM strength for bicep curl (ECC: 11%, CON: 27%), calf raise (ECC: 37%, CON: 68%) and abdominal crunch (ECC: 22%, CON: 42%) exercises, hip circumference (ECC: -1%, CON: -5%) and SF-36 pain measures (ECC: 6%, CON: -1%). Muscle strength significantly increased more for the CON group (27–68%) than the ECC group (12–37%) which was likely due to greater combined total load lifted in the CON (143,262 ± 57,972 kg) than the ECC group (111,678 ± 51,225 kg). Significant improvements (p < 0.05) were also found in the ECC group for the 6MWT (56.8 ± 2.2 m), TUG (-0.8 ± 0.3 s) and CR (-1.8 ± 1.4 s), while the CON group significantly improved the 6MWT (63.4 ± 12.0 m) and CR (-2.3 ± 1.6 s). Total equilibrium balance increased by 7.0% in the ECC group and 4.3% in the CON group. Body composition improved similarly for both groups including significant reductions in total fat mass (ECC: -2.0 ± 1.3 kg, CON: -2.2 ± 1.2 kg) and significant increase in total lean mass (ECC: 1.8 ± 0.7 kg, CON: 2.0 ± 0.2 kg). No significant changes were found in blood markers for both groups. These results showed that ECC training performed at lower intensities (RPE: 4.1 ± 2.1) was as effective as CON training for improving physical functional performance, strength and body composition. These findings suggest that focusing on eccentric contractions in resistance training is beneficial and well-tolerated in adults with T2D.
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Carroll, Kevin M., Josh D. Christovich, Caleb D. Bazyler, Nicholas J. Fiolo, George K. Beckham, and Kimitake Sato. "An Exploratory Study on the Use of Concentric Velocities in the Back Squat as a Monitoring Tool." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3842.

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Grigg, Nicole Lorraine. "The acute adaptations of normal and pathological human Achilles tendons to eccentric and concentric exercise." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/47048/1/Nicole_Grigg_Thesis.pdf.

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Eccentric exercise is the conservative treatment of choice for mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy. While there is a growing body of evidence supporting the medium to long term efficacy of eccentric exercise in Achilles tendinopathy treatment, very few studies have investigated the short term response of the tendon to eccentric exercise. Moreover, the mechanisms through which tendinopathy symptom resolution occurs remain to be established. The primary purpose of this thesis was to investigate the acute adaptations of the Achilles tendon to, and the biomechanical characteristics of, the eccentric exercise protocol used for Achilles tendinopathy rehabilitation and a concentric equivalent. The research was conducted with an orientation towards exploring potential mechanisms through which eccentric exercise may bring about a resolution of tendinopathy symptoms. Specifically, the morphology of tendinopathic and normal Achilles tendons was monitored using high resolution sonography prior to and following eccentric and concentric exercise, to facilitate comparison between the treatment of choice and a similar alternative. To date, the only proposed mechanism through which eccentric exercise is thought to result in symptom resolution is the increased variability in motor output force observed during eccentric exercise. This thesis expanded upon prior work by investigating the variability in motor output force recorded during eccentric and concentric exercises, when performed at two different knee joint angles, by limbs with and without symptomatic tendinopathy. The methodological phase of the research focused on establishing the reliability of measures of tendon thickness, tendon echogenicity, electromyography (EMG) of the Triceps Surae and the standard deviation (SD) and power spectral density (PSD) of the vertical ground reaction force (VGRF). These analyses facilitated comparison between the error in the measurements and experimental differences identified as statistically significant, so that the importance and meaning of the experimental differences could be established. One potential limitation of monitoring the morphological response of the Achilles tendon to exercise loading is that the Achilles tendon is continually exposed to additional loading as participants complete the walking required to carry out their necessary daily tasks. The specific purpose of the last experiment in the methodological phase was to evaluate the effect of incidental walking activity on Achilles tendon morphology. The results of this study indicated that walking activity could decrease Achilles tendon thickness (negative diametral strain) and that the decrease in thickness was dependent on both the amount of walking completed and the proximity of walking activity to the sonographic examination. Thus, incidental walking activity was identified as a potentially confounding factor for future experiments which endeavoured to monitor changes in tendon thickness with exercise loading. In the experimental phase of this thesis the thickness of Achilles tendons was monitored prior to and following isolated eccentric and concentric exercise. The initial pilot study demonstrated that eccentric exercise resulted in a greater acute decrease in Achilles tendon thickness (greater diametral strain) compared to an equivalent concentric exercise, in participants with no history of Achilles tendon pain. This experiment was then expanded to incorporate participants with unilateral Achilles tendinopathy. The major finding of this experiment was that the acute decrease in Achilles tendon thickness observed following eccentric exercise was modified by the presence of tendinopathy, with a smaller decrease (less diametral strain) noted for tendinopathic compared to healthy control tendon. Based on in vitro evidence a decrease in tendon thickness is believed to reflect extrusion of fluid from the tendon with loading. This process would appear to be limited by the presence of pathology and is hypothesised to be a result of the changes in tendon structure associated with tendinopathy. Load induced fluid movement may be important to the maintenance of tendon homeostasis and structure as it has the potential to enhance molecular movement and stimulate tendon remodelling. On this basis eccentric exercise may be more beneficial to the tendon than concentric exercise. Finally, EMG and motor output force variability (SD and PSD of VGRF) were investigated while participants with and without tendinopathy performed the eccentric and concentric exercises. Although between condition differences were identified as statistically significant for a number of force variability parameters, the differences were not greater than the limits of agreement for repeated measures. Consequently the meaning and importance of these findings were questioned. Interestingly, the EMG amplitude of all three Triceps Surae muscles did not vary with knee joint angle during the performance of eccentric exercise. This raises questions pertaining to the functional importance of performing the eccentric exercise protocol at each of the two knee joint angles as it is currently prescribed. EMG amplitude was significantly greater during concentric compared to eccentric muscle actions. Differences in the muscle activation patterns may result in different stress distributions within the tendon and be related to the different diametral strain responses observed for eccentric and concentric muscle actions.
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Raue, Ulrika. "Effects of concentric vs eccentric resistance training on skeletal muscle adaptations in humans." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1221284.

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The Beothuk Indians were an extinct group of Amerinds who were among the earliest founders of Newfoundland. In literature, the Beothuk were described as perhaps being phenotypically more similar to Europeans than Asians (Gatschet 1890, Lloyd 1875, 1876a, Marshall 1996). In this research, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis was performed on a Beothuk individual in order to determine his haplotype and, perhaps, shed light on the origins of the Beothuk.For this analysis, a tooth of Nonosabasut, a Beothuk chief who died in 1819 was loaned from the Royal Museum of Scotland. Ancient DNA was extracted from 172 mg of dentin from the tooth. The DNA was cut with two blunt-end restriction enzymes, RsaI and HaeIII. Double-stranded DNA adapters were ligated to the blunt ends. A single adapter was used to amplify the resulting fragments using PCR. In this manner, two libraries of the DNA were created that could be readily reamplified using a small amount of the PCR product. mtDNA type was determined by amplifying specific regions and performing Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism analysis and sequencing. It was determined that the Beothuk individual had a 9-bp deletion at nucleotide position (np) 8272, an Alul restriction site at np 5176, and heteroplasmy for a HincII restriction site at np 13,259, indicating that the Beothuk individual falls into the Native American Haplogroup B. Haplogroup B is not present in modern Siberian populations, whereas the remaining Native American mtDNA haplogroups are. It has been hypothesized that Haplogroup B arrived in the Americas at a different time than haplogroups A, C, D, and X, about 16,000-13,000 YBP (Years Before Present) (Starikovskaya et al. 1998). Haplogroup B can be found in some modern Taiwanese, Japanese, Korean, Evenk, and other Asian populations.Sequencing of the D-Loop region revealed a G to A transition at np 16303. To our knowledge, this transition was never previously reported in a Native American. This transition has been reported in Tibetans, Koreans, Hans, and Japanese, all considered to be southeast Asian Causacoids (Torroni et al. 1993b, 1994b). This transition, also frequently described in the Caucasian Haplogroup H, is especially prevalent in Spain and among the Basque. It is described as a root haplotype of Haplogroup H whose expansion was estimated to be between 12,300-13,200 YBP (Torroni et al. 1998). This time estimate coincides with the expansion of Haplogroup B. One possible explanation for this transition may be some admixture of the Beothuk with a Caucasian population.
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Books on the topic "Concentric exercise"

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Cross-education following single-limb eccentric and concentric training on the Biodex isokinetic dynamometer. 1994.

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Cross-education following single-limb eccentric and concentric training on the Biodex isokinetic dynamometer. 1994.

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Cross-education following single-limb eccentric and concentric training on the Biodex isokinetic dynamometer. 1994.

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Mahler, Erik B. Cross-education following single-limb eccentric and concentric training on the Biodex isokinetic dynamometer. 1994.

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The effectiveness of repeated submaximal concentric exercise and heated whirlpool in the treatment of delayed onset muscular soreness. 1991.

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The effectiveness of repeated submaximal concentric exercise and heated whirlpool in the treatment of delayed onset muscular soreness. 1992.

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Effects of concentric and eccentric isokinetic heavy-resistance training on quadriceps muscle strength, cross-sectional area and neural activation in women. 1994.

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The effect of cryotherapy on concentric and eccentric strength in the quadriceps muscle after sequential exercise bouts. 1991.

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mm. Mon Année de CP - Cahier d'activités et Exercices: Mon Cahier d'activités Bienveillantes Pour Mieux Se Concentrer Pour Renforcer les Connaissances de L'enfant. Independently Published, 2021.

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l'An-Vi, Editions de, and Alice Masson. Mes Jolies Licornes, Mon Livre d'activités et de Coloriages: Livre d'activités et de Coloriages Pour Apprendre à Se Concentrer en S'amusant ! Carnet d'activités Pour Enfants ! Exercices ! Coloriages Licornes ! dès 5 Ans. Independently Published, 2021.

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Book chapters on the topic "Concentric exercise"

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Kalmar, Jayne M., Brigid M. Lynch, Christine M. Friedenreich, Lee W. Jones, A. N. Bosch, Alessandro Blandino, Elisabetta Toso, et al. "Concentric Activity." In Encyclopedia of Exercise Medicine in Health and Disease, 200. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-29807-6_2247.

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Koller, A., E. Müller, E. Artner-Dworzak, C. Haid, W. Schobersberger, B. Puschendorf, and E. Raas. "Metabolic Changes Following Concentric and Eccentric Exercise in Trained and Untrained Subjects." In Advances in Ergometry, 406–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76442-4_57.

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Bachl, N., R. Baron, R. Petschnig, S. Liebenberger, and L. Prokop. "Concentric and Eccentric Exercise Testing — A new Approach to a Four Extremities Ergometer." In Advances in Ergometry, 393–405. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76442-4_56.

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Scharhag, Jürgen, Katherine C. Wu, Philipp Bohm, and Cristina Basso. "Athlete’s heart and prevention of sudden cardiac death in athletes." In The EACVI Textbook of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, edited by Massimo Lombardi, Sven Plein, Steffen Petersen, Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci, Emanuela R. Valsangiacomo Buechel, Cristina Basso, and Victor Ferrari, 387–96. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198779735.003.0035.

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Athlete’s heart is a physiological adaptation to regular exercise. It is characterized by harmonic, eccentric dilatation of all cardiac chambers, typically seen in endurance athletes and athletes who engage in disciplines with high volumes of endurance exercise. In contrast to eccentric hypertrophy of the heart in endurance athletes, which has been demonstrated in echocardiographic and cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) studies, the early hypothesis of concentric hypertrophy in strength athletes has not been confirmed by most of the newer echocardiographic and CMR studies. Because CMR offers high sensitivity and specificity to differentiate between physiological and pathological cardiac adaptations, CMR has become an important tool to examine athlete’s heart and to evaluate athletes’ sports eligibility. Therefore, modern CMR plays an important role in the scientific and clinical assessment of exercise-induced cardiac adaptations and the prevention of sudden cardiac death in athletes.
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Papadakis, Michael, and Sanjay Sharma. "Cardiovascular adaptation to exercise and sport: (according to type of sport, gender, and ethnicity)." In The ESC Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, edited by Antonio Pelliccia, 2913–16. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0705.

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‘Athlete’s heart’ is associated with several structural and electrophysiological adaptations, which are reflected on the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and imaging studies. Most studies investigating cardiac remodelling in athletes are based on cohorts of white, adult, male athletes competing in the most popular sports. Evidence suggests, however, that sporting discipline and the athlete’s gender and ethnicity are important determinants of cardiovascular adaptation to exercise. Athletes competing in endurance sports demonstrate more pronounced adaptations in comparison to athletes performing static or resistance training. The ECG of endurance athletes is more likely to demonstrate repolarization anomalies in the anterior leads and ventricular dilatation on imaging studies, causing considerable overlap with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy. Female athletes exhibit less pronounced adaptations compared to males, in terms of the prevalence of ECG changes and absolute cardiac dimensions. Importantly, female endurance athletes are more likely to demonstrate eccentric hypertrophy compared to males, suggesting that concentric remodelling or hypertrophy in female endurance athletes is unlikely to be the consequence of physiological adaptation to training. The most pronounced paradigm of ethnically distinct cardiovascular adaptation to exercise stems from black athletes, who exhibit a significantly higher prevalence of repolarization anomalies and left ventricular hypertrophy compared to white athletes, making the differentiation between athlete’s heart and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy challenging in this ethnic group.
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Papadakis, Michael, and Sanjay Sharma. "Cardiovascular adaptation to exercise and sport: (according to type of sport, gender, and ethnicity)." In ESC CardioMed, edited by Antonio Pelliccia, 2913–16. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0705_update_001.

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‘Athlete’s heart’ is associated with several structural and electrophysiological adaptations, which are reflected on the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and imaging studies. Most studies investigating cardiac remodelling in athletes are based on cohorts of white, adult, male athletes competing in the most popular sports. Evidence suggests, however, that sporting discipline and the athlete’s gender and ethnicity are important determinants of cardiovascular adaptation to exercise. Athletes competing in endurance sports demonstrate more pronounced adaptations in comparison to athletes performing static or resistance training. The ECG of endurance athletes is more likely to demonstrate repolarization anomalies in the anterior leads and ventricular dilatation on imaging studies, causing considerable overlap with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy. Female athletes exhibit less pronounced adaptations compared to males, in terms of the prevalence of ECG changes and absolute cardiac dimensions. Importantly, female endurance athletes are more likely to demonstrate eccentric hypertrophy compared to males, suggesting that concentric remodelling or hypertrophy in female endurance athletes is unlikely to be the consequence of physiological adaptation to training. The most pronounced paradigm of ethnically distinct cardiovascular adaptation to exercise stems from black athletes, who exhibit a significantly higher prevalence of repolarization anomalies and left ventricular hypertrophy compared to white athletes, making the differentiation between athlete’s heart and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy challenging in this ethnic group.
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Papadakis, Michael, and Sanjay Sharma. "Cardiovascular adaptation to exercise and sport (according to type of sport, sex, and ethnicity)." In ESC CardioMed, edited by Antonio Pelliccia, 2913–16. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0705_update_002.

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Abstract:
‘Athlete’s heart’ is associated with several structural and electrophysiological adaptations, which are reflected on the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and imaging studies. Most studies investigating cardiac remodelling in athletes are based on cohorts of white, adult, male athletes competing in the most popular sports. Evidence suggests, however, that sporting discipline and the athlete’s sex and ethnicity are important determinants of cardiovascular adaptation to exercise. Athletes competing in endurance sports demonstrate more pronounced adaptations in comparison to athletes performing static or resistance training. The ECG of endurance athletes is more likely to demonstrate repolarization anomalies in the anterior leads and ventricular dilatation on imaging studies, causing considerable overlap with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and dilated cardiomyopathy. Female athletes exhibit less pronounced adaptations compared to males, in terms of the prevalence of ECG changes and absolute cardiac dimensions. Importantly, female endurance athletes are more likely to demonstrate eccentric hypertrophy compared to males, suggesting that concentric remodelling or hypertrophy in female endurance athletes is unlikely to be the consequence of physiological adaptation to training. The most pronounced paradigm of ethnically distinct cardiovascular adaptation to exercise stems from Black athletes, who exhibit a significantly higher prevalence of repolarization anomalies and left ventricular hypertrophy compared to white athletes, making the differentiation between athlete’s heart and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy challenging in this ethnic group.
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Conference papers on the topic "Concentric exercise"

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Honjo, Toyoyuki, Naruhiro Shiozawa, Seiichi Yokoi, and Tadao Isaka. "Development of Concentric-only Exercise Machine with Estimation of Whole Body Dynamics." In International Congress on Sport Sciences Research and Technology Support. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005142101700176.

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Kuntono, Heru Purbo, Budi Utomo, and Afif Ghufroni. "Effects of Concentric- Eccentric Motion Exercise of Quadricep Muscle on Pain Reduction and Functional Improvement among Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis." In The 6th International Conference on Public Health 2019. Masters Program in Public Health, Graduate School, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the6thicph.05.21.

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Queiroz de Oliveira, Sabrina, Barbarah Hemilly de Souza Valente, Dayane Azevedo Pereira, Letícia Pavoni dos Passos, Paloma Morgade Zaccaro, and Luciano Matos Chicayban. "Blood flow restriction in the postoperative of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction." In 7th International Congress on Scientific Knowledge. Biológicas & Saúde, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25242/8868113820212394.

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Blood flow restriction is a physical therapy technique that consists of promoting increased strength and muscle hypertrophy, similar to protocols with high loads. It can be used in the prevention and rehabilitation of injuries, health promotion and improvement in sports performance, as in the postoperative period of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, accelerating functional recovery. To identify the effects of blood flow restriction in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Through a systematic review of the literature, randomized clinical trials were selected according to the highest PEDro score. The search involved the PEDro database, PubMed, using the following terms: bloodflow restriction, anterior cruciate ligament, anteriorcruciate ligament injury and BFR exercise, published between 2000 and 2021. Six RCTs were selected: three did not demonstrate benefits in relation to atrophy, strength, volume and activation of the quadriceps muscle during blood flow restriction, when used through isometric, concentric and eccentric exercises, with progressive loads or without loads. In two other RCTs, there were positive results in relation to the aforementioned parameters, where freeexercises were performed, with body resistance and sessions with occlusive stimuli and occlusion release. Finally, one of the RCTs showed equal improvement in both groups in quadriceps hypertrophy and strength; and regarding the use of flow restriction inone of the groups, there was a reduction in joint pain and effusion. Blood flow restriction has shown contradictory results in relation to atrophy, decreased pain, effusion and asymmetry of the quadriceps muscle in patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
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Surya Noviyanti, Dini, Bambang Purwanto, and Choesnan Effendi. "Uphill 10° Inclination Angle of Treadmill Concentric Exercises Improves Blood Glucose Levels and Glut-4 Levels in Diabetes Mice Model." In Surabaya International Physiology Seminar. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007332700560061.

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Tatt Cheah, Yeok, Ka Wing Frances Wan, and Joanne Yip. "Prediction of Muscle Fatigue During Dynamic Exercises based on Surface Electromyography Signals Using Gaussian Classifier." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002597.

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Muscle fatigue is shown to be associated with incidence of musculoskeletal injuries found with sports training and competition. The real-time detection of fatigue onset allows preventative measures to be taken in time to minimize injuries. In this paper, we aim to provide a framework that classifies muscle fatigue based on surface electromyography (sEMG) features extracted during dynamic exercises. This includes the use of data segmentation, real-time-compatible data normalization, a principal component analysis (PCA) based feature reduction and Gaussian classifier methods.An experiment has been carried out to acquire the sEMG signals of the upper two pairs of rectus abdominis muscles of four healthy adult volunteers during weighted decline and bench-assisted sit-ups. The collected sEMG signals are then segmented into concentric and eccentric segments by using the inertial measurement unit (IMU) data. Eight commonly used sEMG features are extracted from each segment. We fit two Gaussian models (GMs) on the distribution of fatigued and non-fatigued data samples and show that the GM can utilize this information to predict the number of repetitions possible before task failure. We fit another set of GM on a reduced feature space by projecting the data onto principal component axes obtained through singular value decomposition (SVD). By projecting the features onto the first two principal axes, we achieve similar accuracy and f1-scores compared to the GM by using 6 handpicked features. This reduction in the feature space greatly reduces the training samples necessary for such class-imbalanced datasets. This classifier can also be directly used in the real-time detection of muscle fatigue during dynamic movements, which can be adopted in applications in sports, workplaces, and rehabilitation sciences. These frequency-time characteristics also provide insight into the function of low-level feature extractors when developing deep learning models to identify muscle fatigue.
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CASTRO, FRANCIELI, ORIANA GAIO, and ALCIMAR KOWALSKI. "FORMAÇÃO DOCENTE COMO PRESSUPOSTO DA INVESTIGAÇÃO ACADÊMICA NA ÁREA DE TI." In 26º CIAED Congresso Internacional ABED de Educação a Distância. Associação Brasileira de Educação a Distância - ABED, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17143/ciaed.xxviciaed.2020.63159.

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PRETENDE-SE NESTE ARTIGO ABORDAR A VISÃO DO PAPEL DO PROFESSOR FORMADO NO SÉCULO XX, NA CONDIÇÃO DE FORMADOR NO SÉCULO XIX, PERANTE AS SUAS CRENÇAS, PERSPECTIVAS E MÉTODOS NA ÁREA DE TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO. PARA ISTO, OPTAMOS POR UM ESTUDO QUALITATIVO, DE NATUREZA EXPLORATÓRIA, UTILIZANDO COMO TÉCNICA DE COLETA DE DADOS A ENTREVISTA, REALIZADA COM UMA COORDENADORA E DUAS PROFESSORAS DO CURSO DE TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO DE UMA FACULDADE PARTICULAR SITUADA EM CURITIBA E A PARTIR DOS DADOS COLETADOS, OPTAMOS EM CONCENTRAR NOSSA INVESTIGAÇÃO NA ANÁLISE DE CONTEÚDO. LOGO, OBTIVEMOS TRÊS CATEGORIAS PRINCIPAIS QUE FORAM TRATADAS NO REFERENCIAL DESTE TRABALHO: “PAPEL DO PROFESSOR”, “METODOLOGIAS (MÉTODOS)” E “APRENDIZAGEM (CONHECIMENTO)”. SOBRE O CENÁRIO PESQUISADO, NOTAMOS A PREOCUPAÇÃO DOS ENTREVISTADOS COM A FORMAÇÃO DOS ALUNOS COMO FUNDAMENTAL, PORÉM NÃO IDENTIFICAMOS DURANTE AS RESPOSTAS A IDEIA DE PROFESSOR COMO FORMADOR DE PROFESSORES, OU SEJA, ELES NÃO EVIDENCIAM O PAPEL DE FORMADOR DOCENTE COMO ATIVIDADE INERENTE À FUNÇÃO EXERCIDA.
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Choi, J. H., and C. K. H. Dharan. "Tangential Stress in Cortical Bone Subjected to Dynamic Axial Loading." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23029.

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Abstract Cortical bone is a complex hierarchical composite lamallae structure consisting, in general, of a mineral phase (calcium hydroxyapatite), an organic phase (collagen) and fluid [1]. In the analysis of bone, the liquid phase is usually neglected, an assumption that is reasonable for steady state or quasi-static loading. However, when cortical bone is loaded dynamically in the axial direction, the presence of the constrained fluid generates time-dependent stresses in the tangential direction. Since the tangential stress acts perpendicular to the weak transverse direction of the bone, it can create damage in this direction. Cyclic axial compressive loading will result in cyclic tensile loading in the tangential direction which can eventually result in fatigue damage. Such damage has actually been observed in studies conducted on heavily exercised race horses where damage was observed in the form of micro cracks oriented perpendicular to the tangential direction and whose fracture planes lie along the axial direction [2]. In this work, cortical bone is modeled as a biphasic material consisting of a permeable composite material filled with fluid. The geometry considered is that of a hollow cylinder made up of multiple concentric permeable lamellae filled with fluid (Fig. 1). When this structure is loaded axially in compression, a tensile tangential stress is developed which decays with time. The decay rate is a function of permeability and radial position. The greater the permeability, the faster the decay rate. The tangential stress peaks at the inner radius and decreases with radial position (Fig. 2). The tangential stress also peaks earlier at the inner radius. The rate of decay is slower at the outside surface where the bone is subjected to the tangential stress for a much longer time than at the inner surface (Fig. 2). This view of bone as a biphasic structure subjected to dynamic loading may provide a rationale for some of the damage modes observed in vivo in bones subjected to cyclic and impact loading.
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Borges, Letícia Flávia De Oliveira, and Josilana Rodrigues Pantoja. "A IMPORTÂNCIA DA VITAMINA K EM QUADROS DE DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS." In II Congresso Brasileiro de Bioquímica Humana On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar em Saúde, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51161/conbraqui/17.

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Introdução: A vitamina K –2 metil-3 fitil-1,4 naftoquinona– foi descoberta em 1928 e desde então há a tentativa de elucidar todas as ações deste componente no corpo humano. Sob essa ótica, sua ação se dá como cofator para a reação de carboxilação pós-translacional (modificação após o processo de tradução), responsável por converter resíduos de glutamato em γ-carboxiglutamato. Assim, suas principais funções concentram-se na coagulação sanguínea e no metabolismo ósseo. Objetivos: Nessa perspectiva, o objetivo desse resumo é enfatizar os processos de funções metabólicas da vitamina K e sua importância na precaução e na utilização de recursos terapêuticos diante de doenças crônicas. Material e métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica baseada na busca de artigos científicos e livros de forma on-line, a fim de analisar e comparar os dados e resultados obtidos acerca da função biológica que a vitamina k exerce, sob quadros clínicos de doenças crônicas. Resultados: A vitamina K age no metabolismo ósseo, por meio da carboxilação de diversas proteínas, entre elas, osteocalcina, a qual está associada à calcificação normal dos ossos. Desse modo, diversos estudos apontaram que a vitamina K pode auxiliar na prevenção e no controle da densidade óssea, evitando a aterosclerose –doença caracterizada pela calcificação das artérias coronárias–. Além disso, a vitamina K se torna essencial no tratamento da doença diabetes mellitus, visto que estudos comprovaram que a osteocalcina, além de estimular a proliferação de células beta pancreáticas, também aumenta a produção de insulina, a qual é o hormônio responsável por controlar a quantidade de glicose presente na corrente sanguínea. Ademais, pesquisas demonstram que a vitamina impede a calcificação da artéria renal e melhora a filtração glomerular –etapa de formação da urina– e, assim, pode atuar como um todo no tratamento de doenças renais crônicas. Conclusões: Mediante esses resultados é possível concluir que a ingestão desse micronutriente, tanto por vias dietéticas quanto pela suplementação, apresenta bons resultados na prevenção e no controle de doenças como a aterosclerose, a diabetes mellitus e patologias renais crônicas.
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