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Academic literature on the topic 'Concentrateurs par gravité – Modèles mathématiques'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Concentrateurs par gravité – Modèles mathématiques"
Sadeghi, Maryam. "Modeling and simulation of spiral concentrators." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69372.
Full textSpiral concentrators are gravity separation devices used for the valorization of ores for which the specific gravity of the valuable minerals is significantly different from that of the gangue minerals. This is the case of iron ore processing discussed in this thesis. Spirals are preferred to other mineral separation devices because they are inexpensive, simple of operation, practically maintenance free, low energy demanding and do not require the use of reagents to separate minerals. Despite these appealing qualities and unlike flotation, few studies are dedicated to the analyze the spiral operation. Indeed, it is only recently that basic process analysis has shown that spirals fail to recover coarse dense mineral particles to the heavy product. It has also been recently found that wash water, as the main control variable for the operation of the studied spirals, is partly responsible for the loss of coarse valuable particles. To make up for this loss and to maintain a satisfactory operation of spirals, other control variables such as the concentrate cutter openings and position of the splitter gates at the spiral discharge should be used. The study of alternative control strategies for spirals implies testing these strategies in the industrial environment, which is practically impossible considering that the operation of mineral processing plants is subjected to constraints imposed on the production and on the quality of the plant product. Besides, the impact of disturbances due to ore variations and/or mechanical problems in the plant is unavoidable. Testing new control strategies in pilot plant is possible but it is certainly costly if one can find a pilot plant equipped for such testing. Plant operators are thus seeking for rapid and inexpensive approaches to carry out such investigation to identify strategies that can subsequently be safely tested in a plant. Process simulation offers this possibility, but a literature survey rapidly revealed the absence of simulation tools for spirals and more particularly for gravity separation circuits that use spiral concentrators. The first step in building such circuit simulator is to find or develop mathematical models for the units of the circuit. With the objective of testing control strategies, it is thus important that the model to be developed be able to account for the usual spiral operating variables, namely the cutter opening, the discharge splitter position and the wash water addition. The objective of this research project is to propose such model for spirals. A mathematical model is therefore described to predict the trajectory of particles distributed in mineral/size classes as they flow down a spiral. This is achieved here by introducing the new concept of Particle Displacement Functions (PDF) in spiral modelling to describe the movements of the particles flowing down the spiral. The model is calibrated using data generated from tests conducted on a pilot-scale test rig built around a Mineral Technologies WW6+ spiral, installed in the Mineral Processing Laboratory of Université Laval. The model is further validated with data obtained from a WW6E spiral operated at COREM. The test rig commissioned at Laval University uses a controlled wash water distribution within the spiral turns to overcome the observed problem of unequal wash water distribution when using the spiral built-in wash water distribution system. The test rig is also designed to sample simultaneously the product from each concentrate cutter of the spiral, so that the progress of the heavy mineral concentration down the spiral can be monitored. This information can be used to calibrate the model. The calibrated spiral simulator predicts adequately the spiral response to changes in the states of the operating variables. The model can simulate a cleaner spiral operation although it is calibrated using data collected from a rougher spiral operation. The proposed model is ready to be implemented into a simulator for an iron ore processing plant, although work remains to be done to finalize the calibration methodology to improve the prediction of the mineral size distribution in the spiral middling stream.
Le, Friec Christophe. "Analyse du fonctionnement des boucles diphasiques à pompage capillaire menée par expérimentation d'une boucle à eau." Poitiers, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997POIT2352.
Full textGuignard, Stéphan. "Suivi d'interface de type V. O. F. : application au déferlement des ondes de gravité dû aux variations bathymétriques." Toulon, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOUL0017.
Full textThose two last decades, both in the industrial and academics fields, the needs in numerical simulation of multi-fluid flows involving viscous fluids have strongly increased. This thesis presents a study performed in the frame of a "CNRS/SME" granted Ph-D which major input is the development of an high order interface tracking method based on the Volume Of Fluid concept (V. O. F) and it integration in an industrial CFD code in order to improve it's capabilities in numerical simulation of multifluid flows. This original interface tracking method called SL-VOF (Segment Lagrangian - Volume Of Fluid) uses a piecewise linear interface representation and a lagrangian advection scheme. Various versions of this method arc first tested on simple kinematics cases from which the last version appears to be of fully second order. The two first versions of the method arc then tested throughout 2DV numerical simulations of solitary wave breaking due to a spatial mean water level decrease, slow (beach case) or quick (artificial reef, dike). Two kind of comparisons are then considered:From the initial condition to the breaking point, the characteristics (celerity, crest height, free surface shape) of the wave simulated without the air-water effect are successfully compared with those of the wave simulated with a high order B. L. E. M method. After the breaking point, the air-water interaction throughout the interface is considered with respect to the real density ratio and good comparisons for the interface shape evolution until the splash-up phenomena with experiments conducted in the frame of this study achieve the validation of our method. The beginning of the run-up is although computed. High CPU time have motivated the development of a coupling algorithm with a B. I. E. M. . An application of the coupling to the solitary wave breaking on a sloping beach have shown a computational time divided by a ratio of seven. Moreover, these faster computations compare satisfactorily with experimental data on the wave height
Hugot, Alexandre. "Modélisation des écoulements gravitaires catastrophiques par une approche objet dynamique : érosion, transport, dépôt." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066567.
Full textMarty, Julien. "Ondes de gravité atmosphériques observées par un réseau mondial de microbaromètres." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740700.
Full textBellisario, Christophe. "Modélisation du rayonnement proche infrarouge émis par la haute atmosphère : étude théorique et observationnelle." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLV027/document.
Full textThe nightglow is an atmospheric radiation which occurs at high altitude (around 90 km). It comes from the desexcitation of specific molecules and atoms (OH, Na, O2 and O). It spreads over a wide spectral band, especially in the infrared and propagates to the ground level. The nightglow emission is an important mark for the high atmosphere, as it allows the retrieval of the temperature and many dynamic processes such as atmospheric tides or gravity waves. Its propagation to the ground level allows the illumination of terrestrial scene and therefore the night vision with the use of near infrared cameras. In order to have a better knowledge of the emission fluctuations as a function of time for various scales and at various locations, the work is focused on an observational and theoretical study. The observational study produced large scale climatology with the extraction of nightglow emission from GOMOS data. On the other hand, ground measurements highlighted some dynamical aspects such as tides and gravity waves. To model the nightglow emission, it has been necessary to take into account the chemical reactions of the species available at high altitude, the heating, the photodissociation process and the propagation of the emission to the ground. Selected dynamical processes have been included, such as the molecular and turbulent diffusion, and a tide parameterization. Finally, the results of the model are compared to the satellite and ground observations and sensitivity tests are run to estimate the response of the emission to the various modules of the model
Ducrozet, Guillaume. "Modélisation des processus non-linéaires de génération et de propagation d'états de mer par une approche spectrale." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00263596.
Full textUn traitement original de la génération de houle non-linéaire est proposé. Il permet l'accès à des simulations de champs de vagues tridimensionnels complexes, fortement cambrés, dans un bassin de houle. Diverses comparaisons avec des expériences menées dans le bassin du Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides de l'ECN sont présentées.
Des simulations océaniques, en milieu ouvert, sont également proposées. Un intérêt particulier est porté à l'étude de l'apparition des vagues scélérates au sein de l'océan. L'importance des effets non-linéaires est pointée ainsi que l'aptitude de la méthode à modéliser de tels phénomènes. Des comparaisons avec les méthodes classiquement employées dans ce genre de problématique indiquent l'intérêt de l'approche utilisée ici.
La résolution du problème de tenue à la mer est également envisagée. L'utilisation de la méthode HOS dans les codes couplés, développés au Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides (potentiel, RANS, SPH), est envisagée. Elle permettra la description précise de la houle incidente ; le couplage est mis en place et validé sur un certain nombre de cas d'application.
Fiorot, Guilherme Henrique. "On unsteady open-channel flows : a contribution to nonstationary sediment transport in runoff flows and to unstable non-Newtonian mudflow studies." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ISAR0020/document.
Full textThis thesis was motivated by the need to better understand time-dependent features related to mudflow evolution on natural sloped channels. Basically, the research is focused on events that are confined in channels formed due to the topography. The rain, source of the liquid discharge, generates the runoff flow which is responsible for wetting the soil surface, promoting reduction of soil cohesiveness and erosion of small particles such as clay and sand. From this point, the sediment transport can increase as small water flows merge and form greater streams. The scenario keeps its evolution until i reaches high concentration of particles in the fluid mixture. In the first part, to study the non-permanent feature of sediment transport, an open-channel experiment was designed for simulating runoff flow over a mobile bed. A measurement system was designed and constructed to instantaneously inspect the solid discharge of particles and the flow friction at the bed. This apparatus is further used to explore the influence of free-surface waves on the sediment transport. Hydraulic properties of flows are qualitatively and quantitatively studied and data are used to correlate characteristics of flow and sediment transport. A set of experimental runs is presented and explored. Analysis of results shows that for fixed flow conditions, waves induce an overall smaller quantity of transported sediment. In a second part, the dynamics of high concentrated flows is addressed and this thesis attempts to appl a first-order roll-wave model for Herschel-Bulkley laminar fluid flow to a registered natural event. Results presented point out that roll waves could have occurred during this already published case-study event. Simulations could predict wave heights within 8% on uncertainty with respect to the mea amplitude of measured waves. Finally a new theoretical solution for the velocity profile is proposed taking into account the porosity of the bed. Results are then compared with numerical simulation performed in FLUENT. A parametric analysis is employed and the case-study is once again evaluated. A: general conclusion, the non-permanent phenomena that can appear during the evolution of a mudflow event affect the overall dynamics of the coupled system (hydraulic-sediment transport) in comparison to the steady and uniform case. Verifying that such phenomena could appear should indeed be an important part in hydraulic engineering projects, especially when dealing with lives, which is the case of mud flows
Dossmann, Yvan. "Ondes internes générées sur une dorsale océanique : du laboratoire à l'océan." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00758207.
Full textTreffel, Loïc. "Dysfonctions vertébrales et posturales après simulations de la microgravité." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ111/document.
Full textThis work focuses on the study of back pain experienced by astronauts, who present with a greater incidence of herniated discs compared to a control population. Our research aims at understanding the physiopathology of this phenomenon and to study the clinical consequences of vertebral deconditioning which also contributes to postural disorders. This line of research has been recommended by the various international space agencies. For this reason, we had the opportunity to analyze data in two models simulating the effects of microgravity: dry immersion (n = 11) and head-down bed rest (n = 9), and a similar state, confinement (n = 4). Only the main results of dry immersion, a new method of studying our paradigm, are reported in this summary. Using magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of the vertebral column, it was possible to analyze the intervertebral disc in 3 dimensions and to objectify the increase in water content (+ 17%) and the increase in intervertebral disc volume (+ 9.5%). Variations in paravertebral and lower limb muscle tone were measured with the very recent, and non-invasive, MyotonPRO technology. A decrease in muscle tone (-7.3%) was found to be associated with muscular atrophy (-10.6%) as well as a loss of strength in the lower limbs. These results, attesting to muscle deconditioning, are consistent with postural impairment immediately after dry immersion. We also studied variations in dental occlusion, which is involved with the maintenance of posture and could affect balance. In summary, two elements are involved in the explanation of vertebral dysfunction: the increase in spine height, related to increased intervertebral discs volume and paravertebral muscles atrophy, which plays a major role in posture. However, we also showed a role of dental occlusion in vertebral and postural deconditioning. In conclusion: muscle tone, good vertebral mobility, and dental occlusion are elements to be preserve during and after an exposure to weightlessness to avoid the deleterious effects of deconditioning