Relevant bibliographies by topics / Concentrated interactions

Academic literature on the topic 'Concentrated interactions'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Concentrated interactions"

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Qiu, X., X. L. Wu, J. Z. Xue, D. J. Pine, D. A. Weitz, and P. M. Chaikin. "Hydrodynamic interactions in concentrated suspensions." Physical Review Letters 65, no. 4 (July 23, 1990): 516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.65.516.

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Markovic, Ivana, R. H. Ottewill, Sylvia M. Underwood, and T. F. Tadros. "Interactions in concentrated nonaqueous polymer latices." Langmuir 2, no. 5 (September 1986): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la00071a018.

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Boyer, Mireille, Marie-Odile Roy, Magali Jullien, Françoise Bonneté, and Annette Tardieu. "Protein interactions in concentrated ribonuclease solutions." Journal of Crystal Growth 196, no. 2-4 (January 1999): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-0248(98)00838-0.

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Wennerström, Håkan. "Electrostatic interactions in concentrated colloidal dispersions." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 35 (2017): 23849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7cp02594g.

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Lee, Alpha A., Carla S. Perez-Martinez, Alexander M. Smith, and Susan Perkin. "Underscreening in concentrated electrolytes." Faraday Discussions 199 (2017): 239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6fd00250a.

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Screening of a surface charge by an electrolyte and the resulting interaction energy between charged objects is of fundamental importance in scenarios from bio-molecular interactions to energy storage. The conventional wisdom is that the interaction energy decays exponentially with object separation and the decay length is a decreasing function of ion concentration; the interaction is thus negligible in a concentrated electrolyte. Contrary to this conventional wisdom, we have shown by surface force measurements that the decay length is an increasing function of ion concentration and Bjerrum length for concentrated electrolytes. In this paper we report surface force measurements to test directly the scaling of the screening length with Bjerrum length. Furthermore, we identify a relationship between the concentration dependence of this screening length and empirical measurements of activity coefficient and differential capacitance. The dependence of the screening length on the ion concentration and the Bjerrum length can be explained by a simple scaling conjecture based on the physical intuition that solvent molecules, rather than ions, are charge carriers in a concentrated electrolyte.
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Rowley, B. O., and T. Richardson. "Protein-Lipid Interactions in Concentrated Infant Formula." Journal of Dairy Science 68, no. 12 (December 1985): 3180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(85)81225-x.

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Verma, Ritu, J. C. Crocker, T. C. Lubensky, and A. G. Yodh. "Entropic Colloidal Interactions in Concentrated DNA Solutions." Physical Review Letters 81, no. 18 (November 2, 1998): 4004–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.81.4004.

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Curtis, R. A., J. Ulrich, A. Montaser, J. M. Prausnitz, and H. W. Blanch. "Protein-protein interactions in concentrated electrolyte solutions." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 79, no. 4 (June 18, 2002): 367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.10342.

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Chagnes, Alexandre, Stamatios Nicolis, Bernard Carré, Patrick Willmann, and Daniel Lemordant. "Ion-Dipole Interactions in Concentrated Organic Electrolytes." ChemPhysChem 4, no. 6 (June 6, 2003): 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cphc.200200512.

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Coşkun, Özgenur, Halime Pehlivanoğlu, and İbrahim Gülseren. "Pilot Plant Scale Manufacture of Bread Enriched with Seed Protein Concentrates." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 9, no. 6 (July 2, 2021): 991–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v9i6.991-997.3925.

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For many seeds, cold press technology generates higher quantities of cakes than seed oils, which are concentrated in proteins. Valorization of the cakes could offer a viable strategy to manufacture protein fortified foods with comparable characteristics as the conventional products. Here, black cumin, grape seed and pumpkin seed protein concentrates were prepared based on an alkaline extraction-isoelectric precipitation technique. The influence of protein concentrate addition on the flour, dough and bread characteristics were investigated for textural profile, gluten quality and visual characteristics including color attributes. While the interactions between gluten and seed proteins were mostly weak, some of the physicochemical attributes differed significantly. In terms of volume and visual characteristics, pumpkin seed protein concentrates enriched bread demonstrated similar characteristics as the controls, while black cumin or grape seed protein concentrate enriched wheat flours were more resistant and less extensible than the controls. Similarities and differences between controls and protein enriched gluten-free or gluten-bearing bread were discussed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Concentrated interactions"

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Qiu, Dong. "Interactions in concentrated colloidal dispersions." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.422601.

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GIUSTERI, GIULIO GIUSEPPE. "Higher-grandient theories for fluids and concentrated effects." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/28154.

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I consider the Virtual Power framework for Continuum Mechanics, which has recently gained considerable attention, mainly in connection with its applicability to non-classical models for materials. I introduce a geometrical approach to possibly infinite dimensional dynamical systems, based on the theory of Banach manifolds, which has not yet been fully exploited in Continuum Mechanics, though it has been used in some particular cases. This theory generalizes the Virtual Power framework, being even more flexible and allowing for the construction of continuum mechanical models on non-Euclidean domains. I studied the mathematical properties of a general linear isotropic incompressible second-gradient fluid. Constitutive prescriptions for these fluids are discussed, together with the constraints imposed by thermodynamical considerations. The key features of the analyzed model are the possibility of describing the adherence interaction of a three-dimensional fluid with one-dimensional structures immersed in it, and also of including concentrated interactions. A presentation of higher-gradient theories is provided, using the general framework proposed for dynamical systems. They turn out to be a particular class of continuum mechanical models, arising from precise assumptions on the kinematics of the descriptors of the system. Higher-order powers are defined as integral representations of elements of the cotangent bundle on the Banach manifold of the descriptors. Exploiting equivalent integral representations for powers of arbitrary order, the appearance of boundary interactions with a non-standard structure is described. The differential problems associated with the pressure-driven flow of a second-order linear liquid, which adheres to a one-dimensional structure, is considered. Existence and uniqueness of solution are established, also for the situation in which the one-dimensional structure drags the three-dimensional fluid, producing the motion. Finally, some examples are provided, in order to give explicit solutions, to show how the concentrated stresses, if present, can be computed, and to suggest possible interpretations for the physical meaning of the higher-order material parameters.
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Olapade, Peter Ojo. "Computational studies of pair wise interactions between drops and the dynamics of concentrated emulsions at finite inertia." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 96 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1407501831&sid=11&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Hartl, Josef [Verfasser], Dariush [Gutachter] Hinderberger, Patrick [Gutachter] Garidel, and Udo [Gutachter] Bakowsky. "Highly concentrated protein formulations : concentration dependent protein-protein interactions and its macroscopic effects / Josef Hartl ; Gutachter: Dariush Hinderberger, Patrick Garidel, Udo Bakowsky." Halle (Saale) : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Sachsen-Anhalt, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1234451506/34.

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Langlais, Mathieu. "Design de réseaux apériodiques et des interactions électromagnétiques coopératives dans des structures plasmoniques : application à la conception d’absorbeurs pour le solaire concentré." Thesis, Palaiseau, Institut d'optique théorique et appliquée, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IOTA0018/document.

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La situation énergétique actuelle impose le développement de technologies qui utilisent des énergies renouvelables pour limiter la dépendance aux ressources fossiles et diminuer l’impact de l’activité humaine sur le changement climatique. Parmi ces technologies, le solaire thermodynamique utilise l’énergie solaire pour chauffer un absorbeur, l’énergie de cet absorbeur étant alors convertie en électricité à travers un cycle thermodynamique classique. L’amélioration des performances de cette technologie passe par la conception d’absorbeurs capables de fonctionner efficacement à haute température. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous explorons deux voies différentes dans ce but.La première est basée sur la conception de structures multicouches optimisées par algorithme génétique. Nous montrons que ces structures permettent d’obtenir un rendement supérieur à 80 %, valeur très proche des limites fondamentales, démontrant ainsi leur fort potentiel pour le solaire thermodynamique.La seconde voie est basée sur l’optimisation des interactions électromagnétiques dans des structures plasmoniques à base de nanoparticules métalliques. Ces structures sont le siège d’effets coopératifs qui peuvent exalter très fortement les pertes dans la structure. Ces mécanismes sont mis à profit pour concevoir des absorbeurs à base de réseaux binaires de nanoparticules d’or et d’argent dispersées dans une matrice transparente
The current energy situation requires the development of technologies that use renewable energy sources to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels and the impact of human activity on climate change. Among these technologies, thermodynamic solar power uses solar energy to heat an absorber, whose heat is then converted into electricity through a classical thermodynamic cycle. The improvement of the performances of this technology requires the design of absorbers able to operate strongly at high temperature. In this thesis, we explore two different ways for this purpose.The first is based on the design of multilayer structures optimized by a genetic algorithm.We will see that these structures lead to an efficiency higher than 80 %, very close to the fundamental limits, demonstrating so their strong potential for thermodynamic solar technology. The second way is based on the optimization of electromagnetic interactions inside plasmonic nanostructures composed of metal nanoparticles. These structures are the site of cooperative effects between nanoparticles that can exalt strongly losses inside the structure. These mechanisms are exploited to design absorbers based on binary networks made with nanoparticles of gold and silver dispersed in a transparent matrix
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Kovalchuk, Karina. "The effect of the surfactant hydrophilic groups and concentration of electrolyte in an internal aqueous phase on the interfacial interactions and rheology of highly concentrated emulsions." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2165.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012.
Emulsion explosives are classified as highly concentrated Water-in-Oil emulsions with an internal phase volume fraction of approximately 94%, i.e. far beyond the close packing limit of spherical droplets of 74%. These emulsions are thermodynamically unstable compounds and their instability is related to the crystallisation in the dispersed phase, which is a supersaturated solution of ammonium nitrate salt in water. This presents a problem, because the emulsion weakens or becomes unstable, which results in droplet crystallisation, so that the explosive generally loses at least some of its sensitivity to detonation. Considerable effort has been applied to the improvement of emulsion stability by explosive manufacturers, but important aspects such as the effect of salt and surfactant content/type in emulsions are not fully understood and described in the literature. The purpose of this study was to investigate these shortcomings and to focus on the effect of surfactant nature and concentration and electrolyte concentration/type on the interfacial properties and interactions in emulsion explosives. Interfacial properties (interfacial tension and interfacial elasticity), thermal behaviour (freezing temperatures) of emulsions and rheological aspects (viscoelastic and flow properties) were investigated in terms of surfactant-electrolyte interactions.
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Maisonneuve, Benoît. "Ingénierie des interactions cellule/ matrice extracellulaire et cellule/cellule pour contrôler le comportement d'écoulements de suspensions de cellules à hautes fractions volumiques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00957389.

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L'attention de la communauté scientifique, ainsi que le développement, pour les bioprocédés dédiés à la culture et à l'expansion de cellules souches mésenchymateuses (MSCs) pour la thérapie cellulaire et la médecine régénérative a considérablement grandi pendant ces dernières décennies. Une plus ample compréhension du lien entre la structure, la fonction et les propriétés des suspensions de cellules mésenchymateuses est devenue de première importance. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons tout d'abord les résultats d'une étude expérimentale portant sur l'écoulement de suspensions concentrées de cellules vivantes d'origine mésenchymateuse pour une grande gamme de concentration cellulaire. Nous caractérisons l'évolution de la viscosité relative en fonction de la contrainte de cisaillement appliquée pour des fractions volumiques cellulaires allant de 20 à 60%. Ces matériaux ont des empreintes rhéologiques compliquées mais très reproductibles, incluant des comportements de fluide à seuil, rhéofluidifiants ainsi que des fractures liées à la contrainte de cisaillement. Les propriétés rhéologiques de la suspension sont ensuite étudiées avec l'addition d'acide hyaluronique (HA), une biomolécule avec des séquences d'adhésion pour des récepteurs à la surface des cellules étudiées. Nous montrons que l'addition d'acide hyaluronique modifie substantiellement le comportement de la suspension et nous permet de contrôler les propriétés d'écoulement de la suspension à toutes les fractions volumiques. Cytométrie de flux et imagerie confocal à l'appui, nous montrons que l'effet observé est dû à un important changement dans la formation d'agrégats cellulaires dans la suspension, et donc dans l'envergure du réseau correspondant. La troisième partie de cette thèse porte sur l'ajout de polyéthylène glycol, une molécule qui n'est pas naturellement présente dans l'organisme mais fréquemment utilisée dans la formulation d'hydrogel. En utilisant trois types de PEG, l'influence de la charge des molécules est étudiée. Les résultats montrent que la charge est un paramètre important dans le contrôle des propriétés d'écoulement de suspensions cellulaires, car déterminant dans la formation et la compacité des agrégats. En considérant les agrégats comme des objets fractals, nous montrons qu'en prenant en compte les modifications de fractions volumiques avec le cisaillement, nous pouvons obtenir une courbe maitresse pour l'ensemble des conditions testées, et en extraire la force d'adhésion moyenne entre les cellules, au travers une population de plusieurs millions de cellules. Cette étude livre de nouveaux aspects sur la complexité des propriétés en écoulement de suspensions de cellules méchymateuses, adhérentes et concentrées, sur leur sensibilité à l'ajout de molécules, qu'elles soient naturellement présentes dans les tissues ou non, ainsi qu'une nouvelle méthode pour mesurer la force d'adhésion entre les cellules.
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Pell, Christopher W. "Neighborhood Social Interaction in Public Housing Relocation." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/sociology_diss/67.

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Nationwide, housing authorities demolish public housing communities and relocate the existing residents in an attempt to create more favorable neighborhood environments and to promote safer and more efficacious social interactions for public housing residents. Yet, studies of public housing relocation do not find strong evidence of beneficial social interaction occurring between relocated residents and new neighbors. Despite increased safety and relative increase in neighborhood economic standing, studies find relocated residents socialize outside of their new neighborhoods or else limit existing neighborhood interactions as compared to living in public housing communities. This raises the question of why relocated residents either do or do not choose to interact with their new neighbors within their new residential settings. In an effort to answer this question, I have conducted a study focused on neighborhood social interactions using public housing residents relocated from six of Atlanta, Georgia’s public housing communities. As a backdrop to the study, I present relevant literature concerning both the study of neighborhoods and the study of prior relocation endeavors. I argue that neighborhoods do provide important social landscapes for attempting to benefit public housing residents, though more research and a different framework of analysis are needed in order to manifest theorized outcomes of relocation for all residents involved. I then employ the use of both quantitative survey data from 248 relocated residents and qualitative in-depth interview data from 40 relocated residents to provide further insight into social interaction patterns after relocation from Atlanta’s public housing. This research finds that prior to relocation residents in public housing communities differed in terms of their ideal zones of action and preferred levels of inclusion and engagement in the neighborhood setting and in terms of their surrounding community scene. By examining these different ideal-types of residents in detail, I argue that prior to moving the residents, a better fit between resident and neighborhood can be constructed by housing authorities such that more beneficial social interaction outcomes can be achieved overall in the relocation process.
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Lovtsov, Alexander Sergeevich. "The interaction of a concentrated electron beam in a dense gas medium." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425650.

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Giacalone, J., and L. L. Hood. "Hybrid simulation of the interaction of solar wind protons with a concentrated lunar magnetic anomaly." AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623307.

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Using a two-dimensional hybrid simulation, we study the physics of the interaction of the solar wind with a localized magnetic field concentration, or “magcon,” on the Moon. Our simulation treats the solar wind protons kinetically and the electrons as a charge-neutralizing fluid. This approach is necessary because the characteristic scale of the magcon is of the same order or smaller than the proton inertial length—the characteristic scale in the hybrid simulation. Specifically, we consider a case in which the incident solar wind flows exactly normal to the lunar surface, and the magcon is represented by a simple dipole whose moment is parallel to the surface, with a center just below it. We find that while the magcon causes the solar wind to be deflected and decelerated, it does not completely shield the lunar surface anywhere. However, protons which impact the surface in the center of the magnetic anomaly have energies well below the solar wind ram energy. Thus, in this region, any backscattered neutral particles resulting from the interaction of solar wind protons with the lunar regolith would have energies lower than that of the solar wind. Moreover, very few neutrals, if any, would emanate from within the magcon with energies comparable to the solar wind energy. This may explain recent observations of lunar energetic neutral atoms associated with a strong crustal magnetic anomaly. Our study also finds that a significant fraction of the incoming solar wind protons are reflected back into space before reaching the surface. These particles are reflected by a strong electrostatic field which results from the difference in the proton and electron inertia. The reflected particles are seen at very high altitudes above the Moon, over 200 km, and over a much broader spatial scale than the magcon, several hundred kilometers at least. Our simulation also revealed a second population of reflected particles which originate from the side of the magcon where the interplanetary and magcon magnetic fields are directed opposite to one another, leading to a magnetic topology much like magnetic reconnection. As previously reflected particles move through this region, they are deflected upward, away from the surface, forming a second component. Our simulation has a number of similarities to recent in situ spacecraft observations of reflected ions above and around magcons.
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Books on the topic "Concentrated interactions"

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Cullen, Louis. Early Japanese Trade, Administration and Interactions with the West. GB Folkestone: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9781912961061.

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Throughout his academic career Louis Cullen’s main research interest has been foreign trade - originally that of England, Ireland and France, but from the mid-1990s, his focus turned to Japanese history resulting in his critically acclaimed A history of Japan 1582–1941: Internal and External Worlds. Subsequently, he concentrated on the analysis of archival sources and of the problems they pose for the interpretation of Japanese history: papers on some of these themes and their associated statistical dimensions have appeared in Nichibunken’s Japan Review and are republished here together with a collection of other papers including interpreting Tokugawa history and the knowledge and the use of Japanese by the Dutch on Dejima island.
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Aseyev, Georgii Georgievich. Electrolytes: Supramolecular Interactions and Non-Equilibrium Phenomena in Concentrated Solutions. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Aseyev, Georgii Georgievich. Electrolytes: Supramolecular Interactions and Non-Equilibrium Phenomena in Concentrated Solutions. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Electrolytes: Supramolecular Interactions and Non-Equilibrium Phenomena in Concentrated Solutions. Taylor & Francis Group, 2014.

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Marland, Hilary. Women, Health, and Medicine. Edited by Mark Jackson. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199546497.013.0027.

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Research into women's engagement with medicine as sufferers, patients, and active agents in promoting care and services concentrate most insistently upon the various branches of medicine. The agency of medical practitioners in shaping treatment and creating or restricting options for care and women's interactions with psychiatry has attracted considerable attention. Interactions and agency constitute the core theme of this article. The article also considers specialization and sites of practice focusing on the feminist writings of the 1970s through to more reflective revisionist forms of analysis. This article draws examples chiefly from those contexts responsible for delivering the bulk of historical writing in this field though the interaction of women and medicine in colonial contexts has also been a remarkably productive field of scholarship in recent years.
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Brown, Kate Pride. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190660949.003.0001.

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Whereas civil society has previously been considered a “check” upon concentrated elite power, this chapter explains civil society as one player in a larger field of power. The field of power is a meta-field that contains all other social fields. To contend in the field of power requires a generalizable power source, and these powers operate simultaneously at two levels: in discrete social fields and in the field of power as a whole. Thus, through a close examination of a single social field, one can trace the shape of the larger field of power. Because power can be garnered and deployed in multiple spatial scales, the field of power approach is particularly appropriate for understanding civil society in the twenty-first century, which is characterized by globalization and a resurgent authoritarianism. The book examines the global field of power by focusing upon the dynamic interactions of power players around Lake Baikal in eastern Siberia.
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McNeil, Daniel W., Sarah H. Addicks, and Cameron L. Randall. Motivational Interviewing and Motivational Interactions for Health Behavior Change and Maintenance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199935291.013.21.

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Motivational interviewing (MI) is a patient-centered and collaborative approach to clinical care (Miller & Rollnick, 2013). This narrative review describes MI and then concentrates on evidence for its use with patients to help enhance health behaviors in a variety of settings. Because of the proliferation of research in the area, this overview necessarily is selective. This review focuses on some of the most common chronic health behavior problems, such as those associated with obesity, oral hygiene behavior, and chronic disease management. Additionally, motivational interactions (MIACTs), which are spoken and nonverbal communications from health professionals with patients, are proposed as very brief communications that are based on MI spirit and other MI principles. These MIACTs may promote positive interactions between patients and providers, enhance patient satisfaction with healthcare, and help to establish rapport, even when the time available for healthcare interactions does not allow a true implementation of MI.
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Thompson, William R. American Global Pre-Eminence. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197534663.001.0001.

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Most discussions of US decline in global politics couch their arguments and evidence in the most contemporary context. But US systemic leadership is not entirely novel. The United States follows a global lineage that has been emerging and evolving for centuries. From this perspective, systemic leadership is based not so much on executive personality, clever diplomacy, or randomness as it is on a pecking order established by leads in technological innovation, energy, and global reach. When these leads falter, the ability to engage in systemic leadership becomes more difficult, regardless of whoever occupies the American presidency. The context that facilitates systemic leadership does not determine what chief executives will attempt to do, but it does play an important facilitative or non-facilitative role. Similarly, the people who compete for and win the presidency reflect that systemic and sub-systemic (domestic politics) context. Thus, the interactions among global and domestic contexts and politicians are more complex and yet more shaped by long-term history than is commonly accepted. The ultimate irony is that as it becomes clearer how these variables interact, the possibility that the processes are undergoing fundamental transformation cannot be ruled out. The real policy question is not whether the United States is ahead or behind China but, rather, will it be possible for a single state to lead the global system as in the past? As technological innovation, energy consumption, and global reach capability become less concentrated, the prospects for systemic leadership shrink—even as global problems become more complex and acute.
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Wilson, William Julius. Urban Poverty, Race, and Space. Edited by David Brady and Linda M. Burton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199914050.013.18.

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This article examines the political, economic, and cultural factors that contributed to the emergence and persistence of concentrated poverty in black inner cities. It begins with a discussion of the political forces that adversely affected black inner-city neighborhoods, followed by an analysis of impersonal economic forces that accelerated neighborhood decline in the black inner city and increased disparities in race and income between cities and suburbs. It then considers two types of cultural forces that contribute to racial inequality: belief systems of the broader society that either explicitly or implicitly give rise to racial inequality; and cultural traits that emerge from patterns of intragroup interaction in settings created by racial segregation and discrimination. It also assesses the impact of the recent rise of immigration on areas of concentrated urban poverty before concluding with suggestions for a new agenda for America’s inner city poor.
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Arnellos, Argyris, and Charbel El-Hani. Emergence, Downward Causation, and No Brute Facts in Biological Systems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198758600.003.0014.

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This chapter explains emergence in biological organizations through a conception of ontological emergence according to which certain types of dynamical organizations possess irreducible properties that are nevertheless derivable from the substrate. The authors concentrate on the ontological dimension of emergence as the irreducibly causal configuration exhibited by all organizations that manifest persistence and stability in their environment. This is a conception of ontological emergence where the locus of novel causal powers is the configuration of constituents into stable dynamic organizations. There is nothing brute to be explained in the emergence of causal properties in a biological organization; all that is needed is the consideration of its organizational characteristics in terms of same-level and inter-level causal interactions, the type of which is of formal causation for interactions among the constituents of the organization and of efficient causation for interactions among the constituents and the micro-properties of their surrounding emergence base.
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Book chapters on the topic "Concentrated interactions"

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Podio-Guidugli, Paolo. "On Concentrated Contact Interactions." In Variational Problems in Materials Science, 137–47. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-7643-7565-5_10.

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Karihaloo, B. L., and J. Wang. "Effective Moduli of Concentrated Particulate Solids." In IUTAM Symposium on Microstructure-Property Interactions in Composite Materials, 153–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0059-5_13.

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Yilmazer, Ülkü, and Dilhan M. Kalyon. "The Role of Interface at the Wall in Flow of Concentrated Composites." In The Interfacial Interactions in Polymeric Composites, 107–23. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1642-8_6.

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Nan, Xu, Sun Weiling, and Ni Jinren. "Chemical equilibrium modeling of copper precipitation in a hyper-concentrated solid-liquid system." In The Interactions between Sediments and Water, 201–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3366-3_27.

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Bartsch, E., D. Burger, S. Burger, J. Gisin, R. Schneider, O. Thorwarth, J. Vesaratchanon, C. Weis, M. Wiemann, and N. Willenbacher. "Fluidization of Highly Concentrated Colloidal Dispersions by Tailoring of Attractive Interactions." In Colloid Process Engineering, 243–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15129-8_11.

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Stradner, A., V. Lobaskin, P. Schurtenberger, and G. Thurston. "Structure and interactions of lens proteins in dilute and concentrated solutions." In Trends in Colloid and Interface Science XVII, 173–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/b93990.

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Bone, D. P., and E. L. Shannon. "Effects of Order of Mixing and Solute Interactions on the “Water Activity” of Concentrated Solutions." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 315–36. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0664-9_18.

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El-Shall, H., W. H. Kim, A. Zaman, S. El-Mofty, and I. Vakarelski. "Effects of Progress Variables and Their Interactions on Rheology of Concentrated Suspensions: Results of A Statistical Design of Experiments." In ACS Symposium Series, 221–38. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2004-0878.ch015.

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Sharma, Sahil, and Cynthia M. Sharma. "Identification of RNA Binding Partners of CRISPR-Cas Proteins in Prokaryotes Using RIP-Seq." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 111–33. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1851-6_6.

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AbstractCRISPR-Cas systems consist of a complex ribonucleoprotein (RNP) machinery encoded in prokaryotic genomes to confer adaptive immunity against foreign mobile genetic elements. Of these, especially the class 2, Type II CRISPR-Cas9 RNA-guided systems with single protein effector modules have recently received much attention for their application as programmable DNA scissors that can be used for genome editing in eukaryotes. While many studies have concentrated their efforts on improving RNA-mediated DNA targeting with these Type II systems, little is known about the factors that modulate processing or binding of the CRISPR RNA (crRNA) guides and the trans-activating tracrRNA to the nuclease protein Cas9, and whether Cas9 can also potentially interact with other endogenous RNAs encoded within the host genome. Here, we describe RIP-seq as a method to globally identify the direct RNA binding partners of CRISPR-Cas RNPs using the Cas9 nuclease as an example. RIP-seq combines co-immunoprecipitation (coIP) of an epitope-tagged Cas9 followed by isolation and deep sequencing analysis of its co-purified bound RNAs. This method can not only be used to study interactions of Cas9 with its known interaction partners, crRNAs and tracrRNA in native systems, but also to reveal potential additional RNA substrates of Cas9. For example, in RIP-seq analysis of Cas9 from the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni (CjeCas9), we recently identified several endogenous RNAs bound to CjeCas9 RNP in a crRNA-dependent manner, leading to the discovery of PAM-independent RNA cleavage activity of CjeCas9 as well as non-canonical crRNAs. RIP-seq can be easily adapted to any other effector RNP of choice from other CRISPR-Cas systems, allowing for the identification of target RNAs. Deciphering novel RNA-protein interactions for CRISPR-Cas proteins within host bacterial genomes will lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and functions of these systems and enable us to use the in vivo identified interaction rules as design principles for nucleic acid-targeting applications, fitted to each nuclease of interest.
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Okubo, Masashi, and Aya Fujimura. "Development of Estimation System for Concentrate Situation Using Acceleration Sensor." In Human-Computer Interaction. New Trends, 131–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02574-7_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Concentrated interactions"

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Tardieu, A., B. Krop, and F. Vérétout. "Protein interactions in concentrated solutions: Functional role in the eye lens." In The living cell in four dimensions. AIP, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.40575.

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Andersen, Peter E., Paul M. Petersen, and Preben Buchhave. "Multiple grating interactions in photorefractive optical interconnects." In The European Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_europe.1994.ctuc3.

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Storage of interconnection patterns as holographic gratings in photorefractive crystals is a promising technique for interconnect systems.1,2 Our work has been concentrated on an angularly multiplexed scheme in Bi12SiO20 (BSO) crystals for storage of such patterns. Two important issues are addressed in this paper: (1) crosstalk as a function of the ratio β between the reference and the object beam intensities, and (2) the effect of the separation angle Δθ between the object beams on the crosstalk.
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Xue, J. Z., P. M. Chaikin, E. Herbolzheimer, M. A. Rutgers, and W. B. Russel. "Particle Dynamics in Concentrated Settling Hard-Sphere Suspensions." In Photon Correlation and Scattering. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pcs.1992.mb2.

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When the particles in a suspension are denser than the suspending solvent, their motions are controlled by sedimentation as well as the customary diffusion due to stochastic thermal fluctuations. As the particle concentration is increased, many-body hydrodynamic interactions strongly reduce the settling and diffusion[1,2]. Specifically, in a uniform concentrated suspension, the motion of the particles induces a compensating back flow of solvent which increases the average drag (i.e., reduces the diffusion and settling rates). However, the drag on any given particle is determined by the instataneous configuration of its neighbors. Therefore, the particles settle with a distribution of velocities, both vertically and horizontally, which on long time scales causes the particle to drift randomly. Recent computer simulations[3,4] and direct observations at low volume fraction in quiescent sedimentation experiments[5] show that the particles settle on the order of 100 interparticle distances before the microstructure rearranges sufficiently to decorrelate the particle velocities. Consequently, even in the absence of thermal fluctuations, on long time scales the particle motions become stochastic with an effective “diffusion” coefficient which is much larger than that due to Brownian motion.
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Biggs, Simon, and Amy Tindley. "The Rheology of Oxide Dispersions and the Role of Concentrated Electrolyte Solutions." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7010.

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Stability control of particulate dispersions is critical to a wide range of industrial processes. In the UK nuclear industry, significant volumes of waste materials arising from the corrosion products of Magnox fuel rods currently require treatment and storage. The majority of this waste is present as aqueous dispersions of oxide particulates. Treatment of these dispersions will require a variety of unit operations including mobilisation, transport and solid-liquid separation. Typically these processes must operate across a narrow optimal range of pH and the dispersions are, almost without exception, found in complex electrolyte conditions of high overall concentration. Knowledge of the behaviour of oxides in various electrolyte conditions and over a large pH range is essential for the efficient design and control of any waste processing approach. The transport properties of particle dispersions are characterised by the rheological properties. It is well known that particle dispersion rheology is strongly influenced by particle-particle interaction forces, and that particle-particle interactions are strongly influenced by adsorbed ions on the particle surfaces. Here we correlate measurements of the shear yield stress and the particle zeta potentials to provide insight as to the role of ions in moderating particle interactions. The zeta potential of model TiO2 suspensions were determined (Colloidal Dynamics ZetaProbe) over a range of pH for a series of alkali metal halides and quaternary ammonium halides at a range of solution concentrations (0.001M–1M). The results show some surprising co-ion effects at high electrolyte concentrations (>0.5M) and indicate that even ions generally considered to be indifferent induce a shift in iso-electric point (i.e.p.) which is inferred as being due to specific adsorption of ions. The shear yield stress values of concentrated titania dispersions were measured using a Bohlin C-VOR stress controlled rheometer. The shear yield stress of a material is defined as the minimum applied shear stress required to induce flow. The yield stress vs. pH curves obtained reflected the shifts in i.e.p. seen in the zeta potential results. Interestingly, specific ion adsorption results in an unexplained increase in the value of the yield stress over that expected for simple systems with no such interfacial ion adsorption. Possible reasons for this effect such as ion-ion correlation effects are discussed. The importance of this increased attraction for the mobilisation of settled solids in an aqueous environment and especially the likely effects on the treatment of Magnox fuel waste materials is discussed.
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Wald, L. L., E. L. Hahn, and M. Lukac. "Optical Pumping Detection of Anomalous NQR Spectra of Pr3+ in Pr3+:LaF3." In Persistent Spectral Hole Burning: Science and Applications. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pshb.1991.sa5.

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The nature of inhomogeneous broadening in rare earth systems plays an important role in the dynamical optical properties of ions in crystals. For this reason much of the work on the nature of the inhomogeneous broadening in rare earth doped systems has concentrated on the investigation of ion-ion interactions such as spectral transfer and up conversion processes.1,3 Variations in homogeneous optical dephasing times across the inhomogeneous optical line have also been reported.4 These studies concentrate on the variations of collective effects of ion- ion interactions at different positions in the inhomogeneous optical line in relatively heavily doped rare earth systems. We report variations in optically detected NQR (ODNQR) linewidths and shifts of Pr3+ hyperfme transitions in the optical ground state as a function of position in the inhomogeneous optical line and for satellite transitions of the 1D2-3H4 transition in lightly doped (0.5 at. %) Pr3+:LaF3.
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Teodorescu, M., H. Rahnejat, and R. Gohar. "Harmonic Analysis to Determine Contact Characteristics of Concentrated Counterformal Contacts." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58544.

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Contact mechanics of solids of revolution is characterised by their deformation behaviour under load. This is strongly influenced by their geometry and elastic properties. These parameters and the applied load determine the deformation of the contiguous solids, giving rise to contact pressure distribution and sub-surface stress fields, which are necessary to determine fatigue spalling performance. Load bearing surfaces are usually lubricated and the deformation of contiguous solids is often crucial in providing a gap for lubricant film formation and avoidance of asperity interactions on adjacent surfaces and the ensuing wear. Therefore, determination of contact deformation is essential in prediction of contact conditions. This usually requires the solution of the elasticity integral in the form of elliptic functions, which are discretised and achieved through time intensive numerical methods. In lubricated counterformal contacts under high loads and with materials of high elastic moduli, this amounts for the major computing resource requirement within any form of analysis, such as the usual elastohydrodynamic lubrication. The paper shows that any arbitrary pressure distribution over a given contact area may be represented by a harmonic series. The response of the elastic solids to the application of such a harmonic series leads to the evaluation of their contact deformation and sub-surface stress field of also a harmonic nature. The repercussion of this approach is that for a given applied contact load, harmonic analysis may be employed in order to analytically obtain the same predictions as those with much more time consuming numerical analysis. The paper proves the analytical approach by comparison with the case of an infinite line contact, or a one-dimensional contact, for which analytic solution based on the Hertzian theory exists as a classical case. Then, the conformance of the methodology to deviations of surface friction. An advantage of the method over those reported in literature is the simultaneous evaluation of the local contact deformation, as well as the sub-surface stress field. This approach can be extended to the case of rough surfaces, where the harmonic analysis may be used as an approximation.
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Chen, Liang, Yang Liu, Xiangnan He, Lianli Gao, and Zibin Zheng. "Matching User with Item Set: Collaborative Bundle Recommendation with Deep Attention Network." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/290.

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Most recommendation research has been concentrated on recommending single items to users, such as the considerable work on collaborative filtering that models the interaction between a user and an item. However, in many real-world scenarios, the platform needs to show users a set of items, e.g., the marketing strategy that offers multiple items for sale as one bundle.In this work, we consider recommending a set of items to a user, i.e., the Bundle Recommendation task, which concerns the interaction modeling between a user and a set of items. We contribute a neural network solution named DAM, short for Deep Attentive Multi-Task model, which is featured with two special designs: 1) We design a factorized attention network to aggregate the item embeddings in a bundle to obtain the bundle's representation; 2) We jointly model user-bundle interactions and user-item interactions in a multi-task manner to alleviate the scarcity of user-bundle interactions. Extensive experiments on a real-world dataset show that DAM outperforms the state-of-the-art solution, verifying the effectiveness of our attention design and multi-task learning in DAM.
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Yasuda, Kazunori, and Noriyasu Mori. "Fiber Orientation and Concentration Distribution in a Concentrated Suspension Flow Through a Complex Geometry." In ASME/JSME 2003 4th Joint Fluids Summer Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2003-45778.

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Distributions of fiber orientation and fiber concentration in slit flows of concentrated suspensions were measured. Slit channels were used in the experiments: a channel with an abrupt expansion and a crank geometry with six L-shaped corners. Such channels are usually used in a polymer processing. For visualization of fibers, an index-of-refraction matching method was employed, and tracer fibers having birefringence were suspended to observe between crossed polarizers. When fibers flow through an abrupt expansion, they rapidly orient in the direction perpendicular to the flow direction near the centerline. The fiber orientation, however, returns to the flow direction in the downstream region. In the L-shaped corner, fibers randomly orient because of the decelerating flow. In the downstream region of the L-shaped corner, fiber orientation is not symmetric with respect to the centerline. This seems to result from fiber-fiber interactions in the concentrated suspension. The fiber concentration is uniform over a width of a channel except adjacent to the side wall in the concentrated suspension, while it has a maximum apart from the side wall in the dilute suspension.
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Mayeed, Mohammed S., Abdulhakeem M. Al-Mekhnaqi, Gregory W. Auner, and Golam M. Newaz. "A Micro/Mini Channel Based Concentrator of E. coli in Water Flow." In ASME 2007 2nd Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2007-38094.

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The objective of this research is to design and optimize a mini/micro-channel based concentrator of E. coli and integrate it with an acoustic wave biosensor. A computational research has been carried out using the state of the art computational software, CFD-ACE with water as bacteria bearing fluid. E. coli bacteria have been modeled as random discrete particles tracked by solving the Lagrangian equations. The design challenges are to achieve high particle to water ratio, high enough Reynolds number to avoid bacteria swimming, and various particle boundary conditions. The optimized design has achieved concentration of about an order of magnitude higher than the inlet concentration at a flow velocity much higher than the bacteria swimming speed under various particle-boundary interactions. Bypass channels have been used to separate concentrated water-particle mixture and to put this mixture directly onto the biosensor’s bacteria detecting surface for safe and precise installation of the biosensor in the fluidic chip.
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Mayeed, Mohammed S., and Golam M. Newaz. "A Concentrator of E. coli in Water Flow." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-85457.

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The objective of this research is to design and optimize a mini/micro-channel based concentrator of E. coli and integrate it with an acoustic wave biosensor. A computational research has been carried out using the state of the art computational software, CFD-ACE with water as bacteria bearing fluid. E. coli bacteria have been modeled as random discrete particles tracked by solving the Lagrangian equations. The design challenges are to achieve high particle to water ratio, high enough Reynolds number to avoid bacteria swimming, and various particle boundary conditions. The optimized design has achieved concentration of more than an order of magnitude higher than the inlet concentration at a flow velocity much higher than the bacteria swimming speed under various particle-boundary interactions. Bypass channels have been used to separate concentrated water-particle mixture and to put this mixture directly onto the biosensor’s bacteria detecting surface for safe and precise installation of the biosensor in the fluidic chip.
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Reports on the topic "Concentrated interactions"

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Rosencrance, S. W. Concentrate Interaction Testing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/829690.

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Wayne, David. Interaction of Concentrated (68%) Aqueous Nitric Acid Solutions with Cheesecloth: A TGA-DSC-MS Study. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1908467.

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Zhang, Guoxiang, Nicolas Spycher, Tianfu Xu, Eric Sonnenthal, and Carl Steefel. Reactive Geochemical Transport Modeling of Concentrated AqueousSolutions: Supplement to TOUGHREACT User's Guide for the PitzerIon-Interaction Model. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/919388.

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Pirone, Thomas P., Benjamin Raccah, and Nor Chejanovsky. Vector Specificity in Potyvirus Transmission: Role of the Helper Component. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586456.bard.

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Objectives: The overall objective of this research was to gain a better understanding of how potyviruses interact with their aphid vectors. The aim was to design new approaches for prevention of potyvirus spread by aphids. The sub-objectives included: (1). Determination of which of the HCs of different potyviruses effect efficient transmission by specific aphid vectors; (2). Determine regions in the HC that play a role in their compatibility with the vector; (3). Determine the factors within the aphid stylets that modify HC activity in transmission. Background of the topic: Background to the topic: Potyviruses are typical non persistent viruses. They are retained within the vector’s stylets and rapidly lost by the vector. Some potyviruses greatly differ in their ability to be transmitted by different aphid species. The present work centered on analyzing factors that may modify the interactions between the "helper component"(HC), the virions and the aphid species involved. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: It was established that specificity of transmission may depend on aphid species used. It was also shown that specificity may depend on the affinity between HC and virion. However, the attempts to create activechimericTEV/TuMVHCs or ZYMV/TuMVHCs to identify the regions that determine interaction with a specific vector(s), were not successful. More progress was attained in objective 3: In Kentucky, tests were conducted to ascertain retention tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV) HC in the stylets of L. erysimicompared to that in M. persicae. Ultra-thin section of stylets of aphids that fed on either TuMVHC or TVMVHC antibodies were treated with gold-labeled goat anti-rabbit antibodies.TuMV was seen in 25% the stylets of L. erysimi when they acquired TuMVHC but not when they acquired TVMVHC. In M. persicae, TVMVHC was present in 30% of the stylets. . Transmission with TuMVHC was not affected by treatment with L. erysimi saliva whereas transmission with PVYHC (which also is not functional in L. erysimi) was consistently reduced by about half. Saliva from M. persicaehad essentially no effect on either HC. The possible role aphid cuticle proteins (which are found on the stylets surface) in the association with the potyviralHC was investigated in Israel. This was done adopting two approaches: (a) isolation of cuticular proteins from aphid cuticle; (b) screening for genes encoding cuticular proteins. In the first approach, we succeeded in extracting proteins from whole homogenized M. persicaeusing concentrated urea. The extracted protein served for preparation of anti cuticular antibodies. In overlay experiments it was found that cuticular proteins specifically bind to ZYMVHC. In addition, a cDNA library of M. persicae has been prepared. Genes encoding for cuticular proteins were ascertained using antibodies to cuticular proteins. This allowed reporting the sequence of the first cuticular gene of aphids and comparing it in six aphid species. Implications, scientific and agricultural: Achievements: (1) Proofs were provided for the role of the specificity of the aphid species to the HC of certain potyviruses; (2) aphid’s saliva was found to affects transmission efficiency; (3) cuticle protein genes were isolated for the first time from aphid species and an association of cuticle protein with the potyviralHC was discerned. Agricultural and/or economic impact of the research findings: At this stage of research, our finding do not bear an agricultural or economic impact.
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Heinz, Kevin, Itamar Glazer, Moshe Coll, Amanda Chau, and Andrew Chow. Use of multiple biological control agents for control of western flower thrips. United States Department of Agriculture, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7613875.bard.

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The western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is a serious widespread pest of vegetable and ornamental crops worldwide. Chemical control for Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on floriculture or vegetable crops can be difficult because this pest has developed resistance to many insecticides and also tends to hide within flowers, buds, and apical meristems. Predatory bugs, predatory mites, and entomopathogenic nematodes are commercially available in both the US and Israel for control of WFT. Predatory bugs, such as Orius species, can suppress high WFT densities but have limited ability to attack thrips within confined plant parts. Predatory mites can reach more confined habitats than predatory bugs, but kill primarily first-instar larvae of thrips. Entomopathogenic nematodes can directly kill or sterilize most thrips stages, but have limited mobility and are vulnerable to desiccation in certain parts of the crop canopy. However, simultaneous use of two or more agents may provide both effective and cost efficient control of WFT through complimentary predation and/or parasitism. The general goal of our project was to evaluate whether suppression of WFT could be enhanced by inundative or inoculative releases of Orius predators with either predatory mites or entomopathogenic nematodes. Whether pest suppression is best when single or multiple biological control agents are used, is an issue of importance to the practice of biological control. For our investigations in Texas, we used Orius insidiosus(Say), the predatory mite, Amblyseius degeneransBerlese, and the predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii(Athias-Henriot). In Israel, the research focused on Orius laevigatus (Fieber) and the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema felpiae. Our specific objectives were to: (1) quantify the spatial distribution and population growth of WFT and WFT natural enemies on greenhouse roses (Texas) and peppers (Israel), (2) assess interspecific interactions among WFT natural enemies, (3) measure WFT population suppression resulting from single or multiple species releases. Revisions to our project after the first year were: (1) use of A. swirskiiin place of A. degeneransfor the majority of our predatory mite and Orius studies, (2) use of S. felpiaein place of Thripinema nicklewoodi for all of the nematode and Orius studies. We utilized laboratory experiments, greenhouse studies, field trials and mathematical modeling to achieve our objectives. In greenhouse trials, we found that concurrent releases of A.degeneranswith O. insidiosusdid not improve control of F. occidentalis on cut roses over releases of only O. insidiosus. Suppression of WFT by augmentative releases A. swirskiialone was superior to augmentative releases of O. insidiosusalone and similar to concurrent releases of both predator species on cut roses. In laboratory studies, we discovered that O. insidiosusis a generalist predator that ‘switches’ to the most abundant prey and will kill significant numbers of A. swirskiior A. degeneransif WFTbecome relatively less abundant. Our findings indicate that intraguild interactions between Orius and Amblyseius species could hinder suppression of thrips populations and combinations of these natural enemies may not enhance biological control on certain crops. Intraguild interactions between S. felpiaeand O. laevigatus were found to be more complex than those between O. insidiosusand predatory mites. In laboratory studies, we found that S. felpiaecould infect and kill either adult or immature O. laevigatus. Although adult O. laevigatus tended to avoid areas infested by S. felpiaein Petri dish arenas, they did not show preference between healthy WFT and WFT infected with S. felpiaein choice tests. In field cage trials, suppression of WFT on sweet-pepper was similar in treatments with only O. laevigatus or both O. laevigatus and S. felpiae. Distribution and numbers of O. laevigatus on pepper plants also did not differ between cages with or without S. felpiae. Low survivorship of S. felpiaeafter foliar applications to sweet-pepper may explain, in part, the absence of effects in the field trials. Finally, we were interested in how differential predation on different developmental stages of WFT (Orius feeding on WFT nymphs inhabiting foliage and flowers, nematodes that attack prepupae and pupae in the soil) affects community dynamics. To better understand these interactions, we constructed a model based on Lotka-Volterra predator-prey theory and our simulations showed that differential predation, where predators tend to concentrate on one WFT stage contribute to system stability and permanence while predators that tend to mix different WFT stages reduce system stability and permanence.
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Shmulevich, Itzhak, Shrini Upadhyaya, Dror Rubinstein, Zvika Asaf, and Jeffrey P. Mitchell. Developing Simulation Tool for the Prediction of Cohesive Behavior Agricultural Materials Using Discrete Element Modeling. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697108.bard.

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The underlying similarity between soils, grains, fertilizers, concentrated animal feed, pellets, and mixtures is that they are all granular materials used in agriculture. Modeling such materials is a complex process due to the spatial variability of such media, the origin of the material (natural or biological), the nonlinearity of these materials, the contact phenomenon and flow that occur at the interface zone and between these granular materials, as well as the dynamic effect of the interaction process. The lack of a tool for studying such materials has limited the understanding of the phenomena relevant to them, which in turn has led to energy loss and poor quality products. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable prediction simulation tool for cohesive agricultural particle materials using Discrete Element Modeling (DEM). The specific objectives of this study were (1) to develop and verify a 3D cohesionless agricultural soil-tillage tool interaction model that enables the prediction of displacement and flow in the soil media, as well as forces acting on various tillage tools, using the discrete element method; (2) to develop a micro model for the DEM formulation by creating a cohesive contact model based on liquid bridge forces for various agriculture materials; (3) to extend the model to include both plastic and cohesive behavior of various materials, such as grain and soil structures (e.g., compaction level), textures (e.g., clay, loam, several grains), and moisture contents; (4) to develop a method to obtain the parameters for the cohesion contact model to represent specific materials. A DEM model was developed that can represent both plastic and cohesive behavior of soil. Soil cohesive behavior was achieved by considering tensile force between elements. The developed DEM model well represented the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force. Laboratory test results showed that wedge penetration resistance in highly compacted soil was two times greater than that in low compacted soil, whereas DEM simulation with parameters obtained from the test of low compacted soil could not simply be extended to that of high compacted soil. The modified model took into account soil failure strength that could be changed with soil compaction. A three dimensional representation composed of normal displacement, shear failure strength and tensile failure strength was proposed to design mechanical properties between elements. The model based on the liquid bridge theory. An inter particle tension force measurement tool was developed and calibrated A comprehensive study of the parameters of the contact model for the DEM taking into account the cohesive/water-bridge was performed on various agricultural grains using this measurement tool. The modified DEM model was compared and validated against the test results. With the newly developed model and procedure for determination of DEM parameters, we could reproduce the high compacted soil behavior and reaction forces both qualitatively and quantitatively for the soil conditions and wedge shapes used in this study. Moreover, the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force was well represented with the same parameters. During the research we made use of the commercial PFC3D to analyze soil tillage implements. An investigation was made of three different head drillers. A comparison of three commonly used soil tillage systems was completed, such as moldboard plow, disc plow and chisel plow. It can be concluded that the soil condition after plowing by the specific implement can be predicted by the DEM model. The chisel plow is the most economic tool for increasing soil porosity. The moldboard is the best tool for soil manipulation. It can be concluded that the discrete element simulation can be used as a reliable engineering tool for soil-implement interaction quantitatively and qualitatively.
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MECHANICAL PRORERTIES OF EXPOSED COLUMN BASE CONNECTIONS FOR L-SHAPED COLUMNS FABRICATED USING CONCRETE-FILLED STEEL TUBES. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2021.17.4.4.

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The response of exposed column base connections for L-shaped column is investigated through finite element analysis (FEA) in this paper which is affected by complex interactions among different components. Three finite element models are constructed to simulate the response of these connections under axial and cyclic horizontal loading, which interrogate a range of variables including anchor rod strength, base plate size and thickness. The results of the simulations provide insights into internal stress distributions which have not been measured directly through experiments. The key findings indicate that thicker base plates tend to shift the stresses to the toe of the base plate, while thinner plates concentrate the stresses under the column flange. Base on the analytical results, a hysteretic model is proposed to describe the cyclic moment-rotation response of exposed column base connections. The core parameters used to define the backbone curve of the hysteretic model are calibrated through configurational details. The comparison between the simulation and the calculated values indicates that the hysteretic model is suitable to characterize the key aspects of the physical response, including pinching, recentering and flag-shaped hysteresis phenomenon. Limitations of the model are outlined.
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