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Journal articles on the topic 'Computers'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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1

Kaplan, Bonnie. "The Medical Computing “lag”: Perceptions of Barriers to the Application of Computers to Medicine." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 3, no. 1 (January 1987): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646230001179x.

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Since the early days of medical computing, medical computer researchers have envisioned how computers could benefit medical research and practice and have deplored the inability of medicine to take full advantage of the computer's power. They, and others, have analyzed the causes for the medical computing “lag.” These analyses identify a wide range of difficulties that the introduction of computers into medicine faced, and continues to face.
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Vannier, Michael W. "Computers in Computer Axial Tomography." Computers in Physics 2, no. 5 (1988): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4822775.

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3

Proctor, Romina M., and Paul C. Burnett. "Computer Attitude and Classroom Computers." Computers in the Schools 12, no. 3 (November 22, 1996): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j025v12n03_05.

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4

SEA, C. "Computer ignorance or ignorant computers?" Annals of Emergency Medicine 15, no. 10 (October 1986): 1238–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(86)80877-0.

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5

Kirkland, Will. "Computers and Translation: Computer Dictionaries." Translation Review 42-43, no. 1 (September 1993): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07374836.1993.10523611.

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6

Levin, Tamar, and Claire Gordon. "Effect of Gender and Computer Experience on Attitudes toward Computers." Journal of Educational Computing Research 5, no. 1 (February 1989): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/vepg-500c-2awm-1k15.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which gender and prior computer exposure (has a computer at home; participated in a computer course; knows how to work with computers) affect students' attitudes toward computers prior to computer instruction in school. An attitude questionnaire including cognitive and affective attitude scales was administered to 222 Israeli pupils in grades 8 through 10 who study in schools where computers have not yet been introduced. The results showed that prior computer exposure (in particular, having a computer at home), had a stronger effect on attitudes toward computers than sex. Pupils owning computers were more motivated to become familiar with computers; felt a stronger need for computers in their lives and had more positive affective attitudes toward computers than pupils who don't have computers at home. Sex differences in affective and cognitive attitudes were also observed where boys had significantly more positive affective attitudes toward computers than girls. They perceived computers as being more “enjoyable,” “special,” “important,” “friendly,” and “cheaper” than girls. Furthermore, boys tended to hold more stereotyped attitudes about who is capable of using computers and had more positive attitudes toward the computer as a medium of instruction than girls.
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Shi, Xiao Ling, Xiao Ping Shi, and Zhi Tian Zhang. "Study on Computer Failure Analysis and its Testing Methods." Applied Mechanics and Materials 644-650 (September 2014): 961–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.644-650.961.

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In the process of using the computer, there will often be some failures which causes the computer not working properly or even cause data loss. This article analyses and discusses the maintenance method of computer hardware from the perspective of common faults of computers, hoping to help you to find the computer's fault quickly and accurately, effectively trouble shooting.
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Dannenberg, Roger B., Nicolas E. Gold, Dawen Liang, and Guangyu Xia. "Methods and Prospects for Human–Computer Performance of Popular Music." Computer Music Journal 38, no. 2 (June 2014): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/comj_a_00238.

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Computers are often used in performance of popular music, but most often in very restricted ways, such as keyboard synthesizers where musicians are in complete control, or pre-recorded or sequenced music where musicians follow the computer's drums or click track. An interesting and yet little-explored possibility is the computer as highly autonomous performer of popular music, capable of joining a mixed ensemble of computers and humans. Considering the skills and functional requirements of musicians leads to a number of predictions about future human–computer music performance (HCMP) systems for popular music. We describe a general architecture for such systems and describe some early implementations and our experience with them.
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Darvall, K. "Computers and Aboriginal Literacy." Aboriginal Child at School 14, no. 4 (September 1986): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200014474.

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Kids love computers. Computers are not seen as work but rather, games.I believe this to be true for most children. The exception would be the young computer buffs who become hooked on computer technology, and even for these computer buffs, it is probably still a game.Computer technology has become a fact of everyday life. We‘re all affected by computer technology. With this in mind, I believe it is essential that all children become familiar with computers, with regular ‘hands on’ experience. With the right selection of software, schools can incorporate computer-assisted learning across the curriculum. The experiences children have now with computers can lead to a variety of job opportunities in future years.
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10

Perbawa, Doddy Satrya, and Paulus Tofan Rapiyanta. "Computers Introduction For Elementary School Students Using Game-Based Learning." International Journal of Business, Law, and Education 5, no. 1 (February 27, 2024): 635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v5i1.455.

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Learning media facilitates teacher's role in conveying knowledge to students. One of learning tools that teachers can use in their learning is interactive media. Introduction to computers is important in today's digital era because it can build knowledge and understanding about computers and improve learning skills. This is possible because computer's ability to combine text, sound, color, images, movement and video and create an interactive process. This research aims to help students in grade 1 or 2 of elementary school to more easily understand and master basic computer use. In this application there are computer learning menu, typing and cursor learning. Computer learning menu consists of definitions, learning videos and quizzes. Learning to type and cursor consists of understanding, practice and mini games. The ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) model is used in developing system used in this research.
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Gerson, Steven M. "Commentary: Teaching Technical Writing in a Collaborative Computer Classroom." Journal of Technical Writing and Communication 23, no. 1 (January 1993): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/m21r-4atr-cj4r-rl15.

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Twenty years ago I had no idea what a computer was. Ten years ago I knew what computers were, but I had never sat at a terminal. I just assumed that computers were machines used in those “other” disciplines, certainly not in English courses. Today, I teach my technical writing classes in a collaborative computer classroom. The classroom consists of twelve networked computers which my twenty-four students per class use in tandem. Despite my original ignorance of computers, I'm now happily ensconced in a computer classroom. In fact, computers are so important, I've concluded, that teaching writing without the aid of computers does our students a disservice. How did I make such a complete turn-around in attitude? I realized that far from being anathema, computers helped to create a perfect marriage for teaching and writing. First, computers let students write more effectively because computers are compatible with the writing process (writing and rewriting). Next, teaching students to write in a collaborative computer environment prepares our students for business and industry where they will be asked to work on group projects and to communicate electronically. Despite the values of computerizing our instruction, however, computers in the classroom present problems. Do the benefits outweigh the deficits? My answer is yes.
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Hasbi, Muhammad, Murdjani Murdjani, Achmad Gufrans, and Akbar Ela Heka. "Peningkatan Keterampilan Remaja Dengan Pelatihan Perbaikan PC Untuk Siswa SMKN2 Banjarmasin." Jurnal IMPACT: Implementation and Action 2, no. 2 (August 9, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.31961/impact.v2i2.848.

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Computers have been widely used in the community, because computers can ease human work. To operate it, you need special knowledge about computers to be able to run it properly. Although computers make human work easier, computers can also be damaged or error. Only some people can repair computers like computer technicians. Therefore, on this occasion we had the opportunity to provide training on how to assemble computers and repair them. With expertise in assembling and repairing computers, the community can also open up jobs that would certainly have a positive impact on the surrounding community. Computer users / Personal Computers (PC) have been found in various circles, one of them is SMKN2 students. But many computer uses (PC) do not know how to repair a computer in case of damage, not to mention a few technicians or computer experts who can be easily found. Because of this, damage to the computer will be a difficult problem to deal with. Although there are very few technicians that we can find, repairing or servicing computers requires quite expensive costs. On this occasion, we intend to hold community service in the form of PC technician training (Personal Computer) for SMA/SMK students who aim to provide understanding and skills in making repairs, assembling, and upgrading PCs with community service programs in the form of this training. Besides this training is not limited to the provision of theory, but combined with practice so that not only knowledge is given, but the skills and creativity that are honed in this training. Outcomes of this training are skills training services and publications in national service journals.
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Yagou, Artemis. "Grafică făra Computer (Graphics without Computers)." Design Journal 18, no. 4 (October 2, 2015): 613–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14606925.2015.1109213.

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14

Sacks, Colin H., Yolanda Bellisimo, and John Mergendoller. "Attitudes Toward Computers and Computer Use." Journal of Research on Computing in Education 26, no. 2 (December 1993): 256–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08886504.1993.10782090.

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15

Bulling, Andreas, and Kai Kunze. "Eyewear computers for human-computer interaction." Interactions 23, no. 3 (April 26, 2016): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2912886.

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16

Hyman, William A. "Medical Devices, Computers, and Computer Networks." Biomedical Safety & Standards 39, no. 1 (January 2009): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.bmsas.0000342710.32111.54.

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17

Dorfman, Raul. "Computers and computer education in Argentina." ACM SIGCUE Outlook 20, no. 2 (June 1989): 15–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/382145.382958.

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18

Chen, Xiangxi, Jacob Huang, and Eddie Loh. "Computer generated holograms using personal computers." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 7, no. 2 (January 1986): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-8166(86)90008-4.

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19

Finch, Emma, and Anne J. Hill. "Computer use by People with Aphasia: A Survey Investigation." Brain Impairment 15, no. 2 (September 2014): 107–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/brimp.2014.17.

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Computers are encountered increasingly in the clinical setting, including during aphasia rehabilitation. However, currently we do not know what people with aphasia think about using computers in therapy and daily life, or to what extent people with aphasia use computers in their everyday life. The present study explored: (1) the use of computers by people with aphasia; and (2) the perceptions of people with aphasia towards computers and computer-based therapy. Thirty-four people with aphasia completed an aphasia-friendly paper-based survey about their use of computers before and after the onset of their aphasia, and their attitudes towards computer-based aphasia therapy. There was a high level of computer usage by people with aphasia both before and after the onset of their aphasia. However, the nature of the computer use changed following aphasia onset, with a move away from work-based usage. The majority of the cohort used computers for aphasia therapy and liked using computer-based aphasia therapy, provided that the programs were perceived as appropriate for their individual needs. The results highlight the importance of exposing people with aphasia to computer-based aphasia therapy in a supported clinical environment, and the need to ensure that computer-based therapy is individualised for each client. It should be noted, however, that while the majority of participants reported positive experiences with using computers, this does not mean that the computer-based therapy software used was necessarily an effective treatment for aphasia.
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20

Ayu tiara sunja, Sunja, and Meilyana Winda Perdana. "Development of local area network (LAN) at SMK 1 belitang madang raya." International Journal Cister 1, no. 02 (August 1, 2022): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.56481/cister.v1i02.150.

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The Internet is a global network of world computers, large and very broad where every computer is connected to each other from country to country around the world and contains various kinds of information [1]. The internet itself comes from the word interconnection networking which means the connection of many computer networks of various types and types, using communication types such as telephone, satellite, and others. In managing computer network integration using TCP or IP protocols. Local Area Network (LAN) consists of several computers connected in a network. In this network, each computer can access data from other computers. computers that are connected in a LAN can run hardware such as other computer printers, send data to other computer owners or play games together. The number of computers connected to the LAN is relatively small, such as home computers, internet cafes, schools and several other computers that are in one building. In this study, the researcher used a quantitative method approach to analyze the use of information and communication technology in the construction of a LAN network in the SMK Negeri 1 BMR school.
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21

Arrieux, Jacques P., Brittney L. Roberson, Katie N. Russell, Brian J. Ivins, and Wesley R. Cole. "An Investigation of the Accuracy of Reaction Time Measurements on ANAM4 TBI-MIL Across Three Computer Platforms." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 7 (June 9, 2020): 1145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa032.

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Abstract Study Design Using two observational methods and a within-subjects, counterbalanced design, this study aimed to determine if a computer’s hardware and software settings significantly affected reaction time (RT) on the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (Version 4) Traumatic Brain Injury Military (ANAM4 TBI-MIL). Methods Three computer platforms were investigated: Platform 1—older computers recommended for ANAM4 TBI-MIL administration, Platform 2—newer computers with settings downgraded to run like the older computers, and Platform 3—newer computers with default settings. Two observational methods were used to compare measured RT to observed RT on all three platforms: 1, a high-speed video analysis to compare the timing of stimulus onset and response to the measured RT and 2, comparing a preset RT delivered by a robotic key actuator activated by optic detector to the measured RT. Additionally, healthy active duty service members (n = 169) were administered a brief version of the ANAM4 TBI-MIL battery on each of the three platforms. Results RT differences were observed with both the high-speed video and robotic arm analyses across all three computer platforms, with the smallest discrepancies between observed and measured RT on Platform 1, followed by Platform 2, then Platform 3. When simple reaction time (SRT) raw and standardized scores obtained from the participants were compared across platforms, statistically significant and clinically meaningful differences were seen, especially between Platforms 1 and 3. Conclusions A computer’s configurations have a meaningful impact on ANAM SRT scores. The difference in an individual’s performance across platforms could be misinterpreted as clinically meaningful change.
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Wang, Junchao, Guoping Guo, and Zheng Shan. "SoK: Benchmarking the Performance of a Quantum Computer." Entropy 24, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): 1467. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e24101467.

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The quantum computer has been claimed to show more quantum advantage than the classical computer in solving some specific problems. Many companies and research institutes try to develop quantum computers with different physical implementations. Currently, most people only focus on the number of qubits in a quantum computer and consider it as a standard to evaluate the performance of the quantum computer intuitively. However, it is quite misleading in most times, especially for investors or governments. This is because the quantum computer works in a quite different way than classical computers. Thus, quantum benchmarking is of great importance. Currently, many quantum benchmarks are proposed from different aspects. In this paper, we review the existing performance benchmarking protocols, models, and metrics. We classify the benchmarking techniques into three categories: physical benchmarking, aggregative benchmarking, and application-level benchmarking. We also discuss the future trend for quantum computer’s benchmarking and propose setting up the QTOP100.
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Amran, Ali, Sinta Ainun Zuhria, M. David Ramadhani, Putri Rahayu Susmawati, Siti Nur Diana, Luluk Bahrul Ulum, Rida Nur Aulita, Firman Aditya Firdaus, Dede Latifah, and Astutik Astutik. "Simulation of local area network (LAN) computer network using cisco packet tracer at SMP Negeri 1 Grabagan." Jurnal Mandiri IT 12, no. 3 (January 29, 2024): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/mandiri.v12i3.260.

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Computer network, especially together with information technology, are now considered fundamental in all fields. A company’s information technology infrastructure is a strategic resource that must be handled effectively. Information technology infrastructure provides continuous processing and flow of information throughout the organization. A computer network that links machines is called a local area network over short distances among two or more places. To keep the network infrastructure functioning properly network security is very important. Cisco packet tracer is one of the tools used in simulations to setup network security. To build a computer network, procedures related to the network area required. Local Area Network (LAN) is an abbreviation off Local Area Network. LAN consist of several computers connected in a network. In this network, each computer can accsess data from other computers. Additionally, computers can access data from other computers. Apart from that, computers connected to LAN can also run hardware such as printers from other computers, chat with other computer ownerm or play games together. Network simulations on cisco system Local Area Network (LAN) computers using cisco packet treacer is a program for imulatinng network device, the program is used as a learning and training tool.
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Nickell, Gary S., and Paul C. Seado. "The Impact of Attitudes and Experience on Small Business Computer Use." American Journal of Small Business 10, no. 4 (April 1986): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104225878601000404.

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This study investigates the attitudes of small business owners/managers toward computers and how computers are used in small businesses. A survey of 236 firms revealed that a majority of the respondents are currently using computers. In general, owners/managers have a positive attitude toward computers. Respondents who have taken a computer class, own a microcomputer, or whose businesses are using computers have a more positive attitude toward computers. The most frequent business computer applications were accounting, mailing lists, and storing information. The most frequently reported personal applications were word processing, accounting, and budgeting. Implications for further computerization of small businesses are discussed.
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Pihlap, Sirje. "The Impact of Computer use on Learning of Quadratic Functions." International Journal for Technology in Mathematics Education 24, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/tme_v24.2.02.

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Studies of the impact of various types of computer use on the results of learning and student motivation have indicated that the use of computers can increase learning motivation, and that computers can have a positive effect, a negative effect, or no effect at all on learning outcomes. Some results indicate that it is not computer use itself that has a positive or negative effect on the achievement of students, but the way in which computers are used. This study explores the impact of computer use on learning quadratic functions in the ninth grade. The study involves five classes where computers are used alongside traditional methods and five classes with only traditional forms of learning. There are no significant differences in learning outcomes between the students who use computers and those who do not; the students who use computers have higher motivation for learning functions compared with those who do not use computers.
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Dugdale, Sharon, Elyon Dekoven, and Mi-Kyung Ju. "Computer Course Enrollment, Home Computer Access, and Gender: Relationships to High School Students' Success with Computer Spreadsheet Use for Problem Solving in Pre-Algebra." Journal of Educational Computing Research 18, no. 1 (January 1998): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/6uak-j8h1-5d49-jpac.

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The increasing use of computer technology in schools has brought with it concerns about equity of access to this new resource. Research has documented gender, social class, and racial inequalities in access to computers, and has linked computer access and experience to success in computer-related courses. This study examined the effects of home computer access and computer course enrollment on mathematically weak high school students' success in applying computers as a learning resource in a pre-algebra course. The course featured regular use of teacher-designed spreadsheet activities that engaged students in mathematical investigation and problem solving. Enrollment in a computer course was a significant predictor of success during students' early experiences in applying computers for mathematical problem solving. Home computer access was related to initial success for females, and the advantage of enrollment in a computer course was greater for females who had access to home computers than for those who did not. These initial advantages diminished with continued use of computers in the curricular context.
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Chakraborty, Pinaki. "Computer, Computer Science, and Computational Thinking: Relationship between the Three Concepts." Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies 2024 (March 28, 2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/5044787.

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Digital computers were invented in the 1940s. They are sophisticated and versatile machines whose functioning is grounded in elaborate theory. Advances in theory and the availability of computers helped computer science to develop as an academic discipline, and university departments for the same started coming up in the 1960s. Computer science covers all phenomenon related to computers and consists primarily of man-made laws governing building, programming, and using computers. Computational thinking is a way of thinking influenced by computers and computer science. There are two schools of thought on computational thinking. The first school sees computational thinking as the use of computers to explore the world, while the other sees computational thinking as the application of concepts from computer science to solve real-world problems. Scholars typically agree that computational thinking has four essential components, viz., abstraction, decomposition, algorithm design, and generalization. Computational thinking is often feted by computer scientists as a useful skill that can be used by anybody anywhere. However, it is necessary to find out ways for successfully using computational thinking in domains other than computer science before it can be declared a universal skill.
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Gunawan, Ridwan, and Hagni Wijayanti. "PEMODELAN VEISV DENGAN PENANGGULANGAN KARANTINA DAN VAKSINASI PADA PENYEBARAN VIRUS KOMPUTER." Interval : Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika 1, no. 1 (March 29, 2021): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/interval.v1i1.3184.

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At this time computers and the Internet has become our daily needs, If the computer or the Internet network is disrupted, then it will interfere with our daily productivity. Usually computers and Internet will be disrupted if attacked by a virus, it can anticipate the computer's interference so as not to happen mass destruction on the computer or barriers to our daily productivity, we need to know the pattern of the spread of the Internet virus. Mathematical modelling can be one method to know the pattern of the spread of computer virus, so that if there is increasing the spread can be minimized. The models used in this study are VEISV models with Quarantine and Vaccination Enhancement. From the model get a reproduction number. Based on stability analysis of fixed point with criterion of Routh-Hurtwitz obtained first fixed point and second fixed point, then done arrangement of syntax to know rate of spread of computer virus. From the analysis results obtained the pattern of the spread of computer virus on virus free condition and virus infected.Keywords: Computer Virus, Quarantine and Vaccination, VEISV.
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Nierebiński, Roman, and Hanna Pawlak. "Komputeryzacja firm polskich w latach 2005–2008." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 2009, no. 7 (July 31, 2009): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.59139/ws.2009.07.8.

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This publication presents statistical data relating to certain aspects of the use of computers by companies in 2008, obtained on the basis of a survey of business Internet users in Poland. Respondents were asked to use the various functions offered by the computers, access to computers of employees, the effects of computer implementation in the company, and plans to purchase computers in the future. It has been found among others that most companies use computers for clerical with and as a tool to use the Internet (over 96% of companies) and almost 3/4 of respondents said that computers have become essential to the enterprise. In the period 2005–2008 a minimal increase of indices concerning computer use, access to computers as well as a perception of their role and the intention to purchase computers in the future was observed in entities.
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Buriboev, Abror, and Azamjon Muminov. "Computer State Evaluation Using Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference Systems." Sensors 22, no. 23 (December 5, 2022): 9502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22239502.

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Several crucial system design and deployment decisions, including workload management, sizing, capacity planning, and dynamic rule generation in dynamic systems such as computers, depend on predictive analysis of resource consumption. An analysis of the computer components’ utilizations and their workloads is the best way to assess the performance of the computer’s state. Especially, analyzing the particular or whole influence of components on another component gives more reliable information about the state of computer systems. There are many evaluation techniques proposed by researchers. The bulk of them have complicated metrics and parameters such as utilization, time, throughput, latency, delay, speed, frequency, and the percentage which are difficult to understand and use in the assessing process. According to these, we proposed a simplified evaluation method using components’ utilization in percentage scale and its linguistic values. The use of the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model and fuzzy set theory offers fantastic prospects to realize use impact analyses. The purpose of the study is to examine the usage impact of memory, cache, storage, and bus on CPU performance using the Sugeno type and Mamdani type ANFIS models to determine the state of the computer system. The suggested method is founded on keeping an eye on how computer parts behave. The developed method can be applied for all kinds of computing system, such as personal computers, mainframes, and supercomputers by considering that the inference engine of the proposed ANFIS model requires only its own behavior data of computers’ components and the number of inputs can be enriched according to the type of computer, for instance, in cloud computers’ case the added number of clients and network quality can be used as the input parameters. The models present linguistic and quantity results which are convenient to understand performance issues regarding specific bottlenecks and determining the relationship of components.
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Sadiku, Matthew N. O., Nana K. Ampah, and Sarhan M. Musa. "Tablet Computers." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-5 (August 31, 2018): 1582–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd17115.

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32

Teo, Timothy. "Perceived Importance, Enjoyment, and Anxiety as Correlates of Computer Attitudes." Psychological Reports 100, no. 1 (February 2007): 127–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.100.1.127-135.

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A sample of 138 students was assessed for their computer attitudes using a Likert-type questionnaire with three subscales: Computer Importance, Computer Enjoyment, and Computer Anxiety. An overall positive attitude towards computers was found. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed no significant differences in computer attitudes by gender although male students reported more positive attitudes towards computers than female students. Implications for educators include managing the perceptions of students that the computers are useful for learning purposes, in addition to using them for leisure and entertainment.
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Damasceno, Adriana Carla, Mayrlla Lopes, Rafael Andrade, Silvana Nóbrega, and Israel Almeida. "Descrevendo o uso dos computadores nas escolas públicas da Paraíba." Revista Brasileira de Informática na Educação 24, no. 03 (February 20, 2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/rbie.2016.24.3.47.

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The usage of computers in public schools helps the students learning. Computers provide ways to illustrate concepts and access to a wide range of information. However, the computers are not used in most public schools. This work intends to identify how computers are used in public schools from the Paraíba countryside. For this, we applied 735 forms for students and 134 forms for teachers. We summarized data and applied statistical tests to identify correlations among the statistical variables Knowledge in computer technology, Informatics infrastructure, and Computer usage. We found that informatics laboratories have daily usage, the majority of teachers has Internet access and computer at home, the majority of students has smartphones and they use Internet. Besides that, teachers and students that use computers have access to high informatics infrastructure and high knowledge in computers, but more than a half of the students do not have classes in the informatics laboratory. In the statistical analysis, there is no relation among variables when we analyze data from students and teachers, with exception of informatics knowledge and computer usage for students.
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MENON, NIKHIL. "‘Fancy Calculating Machine’: Computers and planning in independent India." Modern Asian Studies 52, no. 2 (October 2, 2017): 421–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x16000135.

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AbstractIn the middle of the twentieth century, statistician P. C. Mahalanobis strove to haul India into the computer age. Convinced that these machines were integral to the future of economic planning in India, he and the Indian Statistical Institute mounted a campaign to bring India its first computers. In the years following independence, Mahalanobis and the Indian Statistical Institute acquired significant influence in the Indian planning process—culminating in them effectively authoring India's Second Five-Year Plan (1956–61). The tale of the computer's journey to India demonstrates that the decision to centrally plan independent India's economy, and the resultant explosion of official statistics, provided the justification for the pursuit of computers. They potentially solved what was considered centralized planning's greatest puzzle: big data. Mahalanobis persuaded the Indian government of the need to import computers for the purposes of development, and then negotiated the import of these exorbitantly expensive machines during visits to Europe, the United States of America and the Soviet Union. Needless to say, the question of which country would provide India its first computers would ruffle Cold War feathers. This article brings together and identifies a link between the research activities of the Indian Statistical Institute, its deepening association with economic planning and the installation of India's earliest computers.
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Marcoulides, George A. "The Relationship between Computer Anxiety and Computer Achievement." Journal of Educational Computing Research 4, no. 2 (May 1988): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/j5n4-24hk-567v-at6e.

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Computers are rapidly being introduced into virtually every work setting. The ability to use computers, therefore, has become a crucial component in the educational process. Computer anxiety, however, may influence student abilities to master computer skills and consequently affect the degree to which computers can effectively be utilized. This study investigates the possible effects of computer anxiety on student achievement in computer skills. The results suggest that computer anxiety is an important predictor of computer achievement. Educational systems that seek to prepare students in the field of computer applications must, therefore, become particularly concerned with creating less stressful environments.
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Qin, Peng. "Analysis of a Model for Computer Virus Transmission." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/720696.

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Computer viruses remain a significant threat to computer networks. In this paper, the incorporation of new computers to the network and the removing of old computers from the network are considered. Meanwhile, the computers are equipped with antivirus software on the computer network. The computer virus model is established. Through the analysis of the model, disease-free and endemic equilibrium points are calculated. The stability conditions of the equilibria are derived. To illustrate our theoretical analysis, some numerical simulations are also included. The results provide a theoretical basis to control the spread of computer virus.
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Ahmad Mokhtar, Zamry. "Carpal Tunnel Syndrome and the Impact of Computer Use on Civil Engineering Department Lecturers at Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah Polytechnic." Journal of Technology and Humanities 2, no. 2 (December 24, 2021): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.53797/jthkkss.v2i2.5.2021.

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This study was conducted to identify the severity of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome among lecturers in the Department of Civil Engineering at the Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah Polytechnic when using computers while working. This study was carried out using the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire as an instrument to 80 lecturers of the Department of Civil Engineering consisting of 42 male lecturers and 38 female lecturers. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data in this study. The findings showed that the severity of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome lecturers of the Department of Civil Engineering on the use of computers when working is low, with a value of 1.6 for Symptoms Severity Scale and 1.7 for Functional Status Scale. Considerations for the computer's layout and the correct hand position when using the computer should be taken into account. Suggestions such as exposure of stretching exercises and ergonomic equipment should be submitted to management in order to reduce pain caused by the use of computers in the workplace. To reduce the pain caused by computer use in the workplace, suggestions such as exposure of stretching exercises and ergonomic equipment should be submitted to management.
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Guha, Smita. "Integrating Computers in Elementary Grade Classroom Instruction—Analyses of Teachers' Perceptions in Present and Preferred Situations." Journal of Educational Computing Research 24, no. 3 (April 2001): 275–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/69w7-hptu-wmqv-m8p3.

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This study explored elementary grade teachers' personal experience with instructional computing and the role of computers they would like to see in classroom instruction. One hundred forty-nine teachers from 15 elementary schools randomly chosen from two counties in western New York participated in the study. Teachers answered a survey questionnaire on their training and knowledge in computers, their comfort level in using computers for teaching, and computer usage in classroom instruction. The teachers also answered to what extent do they prefer to receive more training, be more comfortable using computers, and integrate computers more in their teaching. Based on teachers' responses, significant differences and positive correlation were found between teachers' present computer training, level of comfort, and computer usage in the classrooms as compared to their preferred training, comfort, and usage.
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Iskrenovic-Momcilovic, Olivera. "Using Computers in Teaching in Higher Education." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 9, no. 4 (July 1, 2018): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mjss-2018-0116.

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Abstract This paper describes advantages of using computers in teaching, but also problems that occur, as well as possibilities for their elimination. The main goal of the research is the formation of images which show the use of computers in higher education. The paper presents the results of a survey conducted among students of the Faculty of Education in Sombor (Serbia) about the use of computers in teaching. A sample of 126 respondents comprises students of the last year of all study programs. The results show that students and professors have a positive attitude about using computers in education and knowledge dissemination through computers. Most of them think that teachers have mastered basic computer knowledge, but give priority to teachers who know how to work with a computer, as well as to younger teachers. Students believe that many barriers occur during the use of computers, among which the most important is the inaccessibility of technical equipment. All barriers can be overcome through useful and practical computer seminars.
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Becker, Henry Jay, and Carleton W. Sterling. "Equity in School Computer Use: National Data and Neglected Considerations." Journal of Educational Computing Research 3, no. 3 (August 1987): 289–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/427x-rkel-qla5-puk9.

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Since schools began using computers for instruction, social critics have questioned the equity of the apportionment of computer resources by sex, race, and social status. Data from our national survey of schools describe how computers are used with different groups of students. We find that the use of school computers differs most dramatically by student interest and ability. Boys and “better” students tend to dominate computer use. But the evidence is weak on the actual consequences of differential uses of computers. We raise, without resolving, the issue of whether schools should reallocate computer resources toward girls and less able students. A fair policy depends upon the relative value of computer-based instruction to fill the educational needs of all children. We need more experimental research to assess the relative value of computer applications in education.
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Lucenko, Volodymyr M., and Dmytro O. Progonov. "Protection of computers from side electromagnetic radiation during monitor images formation." Applied Aspects of Information Technology 4, no. 4 (December 21, 2021): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/aait.04.2021.7.

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Reliable protection of confidential data processed in critical information infrastructure elements of public institutions and private organizations is topical task today. Of particular interest are methods to prevent the leakage of confidential data by localizing informative (dangerous) signals that both carry an informative component, and have a signal level higher than predefined threshold. The increase in signal energy from personal computers is caused by increasing of its transistors switching speed. Modern passive shielding methods for secured computers, similar to the well-known program TEMPEST, require either costly and large shielding units or technological simplification by using of low-cost fragmentary shielding of computer’s individual elements. Therefore, localization of side electromagnetic radiation produced by personal computer is needed. The paper presents a cost-effective approach to reducing the level of computer’s electromagnetic radiation by passive method. The radiation are localized and measured by its estimation on personal computer’s elements, namely unshielded communication lines between video processor and a monitor, fragments of electric tracks on motherboards, etc. During experiments authors used ad-hoc miniature electric (ball antenna) and magnetic (Hall sensor) antennas connected to selective voltmeters. This approach significantly reduces the cost of equipment and measurements as well as requirements to analytics’ qualification for improving computer’s protection. Also, the alternative approach for computer protection is proposed. The approach is based on image content protection by distorting the image on the monitor instead of reducing electromagnetic radiation caused by signals from the monitor. The protection includes image scrambling using Arnold transform that randomly “shuffle” the lines in each frame.
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TAMAGAWA, Ken, Noboru KAMIJO, and Tadanobu INOUE. "Wearing Computers : Wearable Computers." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 106, no. 1014 (2003): 357–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.106.1014_357.

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Oraevsky, A. N. "Quantum computers? … Coherent computers!" Optics and Spectroscopy 91, no. 3 (September 2001): 438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1405225.

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Krendl, Kathy A., and Mary Broihier. "Student Responses to Computers: A Longitudinal Study." Journal of Educational Computing Research 8, no. 2 (May 1992): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/xtjj-bk1n-44dv-nxl0.

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The results of this study support critiques of the methodological limitations of the dominant approach to the study of computer effects in learning environments. That is, reports of short-term experimental applications of the technology have led to misleading generalizations about the computer's instructional potential. Using Clark's concept of media attributions, this study examines the evolution of students' (fourth through tenth grade) perceptions about computers on three dependent variables—preference, perceived learning, and perceived difficulty—over the course of three years. The findings demonstrate clear evidence of novelty effects. Students' judgments regarding preferences for computers declined significantly as did their perceptions of learning from the technology during the three years. Perceived difficulty of using computers, which was expected to decline, remained stable. In addition, both gender and age proved to be significantly related to all three dependent variables. Other students were consistently more skeptical about the technology than were younger students, and boys were consistently more positive than girls. These relationships showed no evidence of change over the course of three years.
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Hinostroza, Enrique, and Harvey Mellar. "Teachers' Beliefs about Computers: Report of a Case Study." Journal of Educational Computing Research 22, no. 4 (June 2000): 397–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/2vk1-hfwl-8taq-avk0.

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Much of the research on the use of computers in education either looks at the computer as a cognitive tool or as a catalyst for change aimed at fostering students' learning and changing teachers' actual routines. However, neither of these perspectives gives much consideration to the teaching framework in which the computer is actually used. In order to address this issue, a case study was designed to explore teachers' concepts and beliefs about computers. In this case study two teachers were involved in a software development process, and observation of their discussions during this process was used as a technique to uncover the teachers' beliefs about using computers. The case study led to a model of how teachers use computers in classroom teaching. This model conceptualizes the computer as a teaching resource that helps teachers to develop their teaching strategy, replacing the teachers in their role of managing students' rehearsal of materials and serving as a classroom management tool. This model of using computers demonstrates significant links between teachers' teaching strategies and the use of computers in education and thereby provides a support for a view of computers as professional tools for educators.
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Rahmah, Lailatur, and Rochmawati Rochmawati. "Pengaruh Fasilitas Laboratorium Akuntansi, Pengantar Akuntansi, dan Computer Knowledge Terhadap Hasil Belajar Komputer Akuntansi Dengan Intensitas Belajar Sebagai Variabel Moderasi." Progress: Jurnal Pendidikan, Akuntansi dan Keuangan 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2023): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.47080/progress.v6i2.2619.

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This study aimed to analyze learning intensity can moderate the influence of accounting laboratory facilities, introductory understanding of accounting, and computer knowledge on learning outcomes of accounting computers for class XI AKL AKL SMKN 2 Buduran. This type of research is including quantitative research. The samples used were 108 students of class XI AKL SMKN 2 Buduran using saturated sampling. Data collection techniques using questionnaires, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique used Structural Equation Model Partial Least Square (SEM PLS) with SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results of the study show that: (1) There is a significant influence of accounting laboratory facilities on the learning outcomes of accounting computers. (2) There is a significant influence of the introductory understanding of accounting on the learning outcomes of accounting computers. (3) There is no significant influence of computer knowledge on the learning outcomes of accounting computers. (4) Learning intensity strengthens the influence of accounting laboratory facilities on the learning outcomes of accounting computers. (5) Learning intensity strengthens the influence of an introductory understanding of accounting on the learning outcomes of accounting computers. (6) Learning intensity weakens the influence of computer knowledge on the learning outcomes of accounting computers.
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Chen, Yaozhang. "Analysis of the Development of Computer Science and its Future Trend." Applied and Computational Engineering 8, no. 1 (August 1, 2023): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/8/20230180.

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Computer science is one of the most influential innovations of the last century, including data structures, computer and network design, modeling data and information processes, and artificial intelligence. With the development of computer science, more and more people begin to pay attention to the importance of computers. This paper tells the history of computer science, and introduces some frontier technology of computer science. Computers have greatly improved people's work and lifestyle, developed modern society, and become an indispensable part of people's lives. Computers have entered the era of artificial intelligence, which has a major impact on the development of human society.
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Chen, Milton. "Gender and Computers: The Beneficial Effects of Experience on Attitudes." Journal of Educational Computing Research 2, no. 3 (August 1986): 265–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/wdry-9k0f-vcp6-jccd.

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This study examines gender differences in computer attitudes and experiences of adolescents. A sample of students from five Bay Area high schools was surveyed for their uses of computers before and during their high school years, in both formal instruction and informal settings. Adolescent males had greater total exposure to computers, based primarily on higher enrollments in computer programming classes and participation in voluntary experiences, such as home computer use. Fewer gender differences were found in enrollment in classes using computers for purposes other than programming. Overall, males held more positive attitudes of interest in and confidence with computers than did females. Controlling for amount of computer experience, however, males and females responded with similar levels of interest. Social influences, especially those among peer groups, are explored as important factors for differential rates of participation in computer activities.
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Russell, Michael. "Testing On Computers." education policy analysis archives 7 (June 8, 1999): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v7n20.1999.

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Russell and Haney (1997) reported that open-ended test items administered on paper may underestimate the achievement of students accustomed to writing on computers. This study builds on Russell and Haney's work by examining the effect of taking open-ended tests on computers and on paper for students with different levels of computer skill. Using items from the Massachusetts Comprehensive Assessment System (MCAS) and the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), this study focuses on language arts, science and math tests administered to eighth grade students. In addition, information on students' prior computer use and keyboarding speed was collected. Unlike the previous study that found large effects for open-ended writing and science items, this study reports mixed results. For the science test, performance on computers had a positive group effect. For the two language arts tests, an overall group effect was not found. However, for students whose keyboarding speed is at least 0.5 or one-half of a standard deviation above the mean, performing the language arts test on computer had a moderate positive effect. Conversely, for students whose keyboarding speed was 0.5 standard deviations below the mean, performing the tests on computer had a substantial negative effect. For the math test, performing the test on computer had an overall negative effect, but this effect became less pronounced as keyboarding speed increased. Implications are discussed in terms of testing policies and future research.
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Abbate, Janet. ""People and Computers" at the Computer Museum." Technology and Culture 34, no. 3 (July 1993): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3106716.

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