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Journal articles on the topic 'Computer simulations'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 October 2024

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1

Minssen, Timo, and Mateo Aboy. "The Patentability of Computer-Implemented Simulations and Implications for Computer-Implemented Inventions (CIIs)." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 16, no. 7 (June 21, 2021): 633–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpab098.

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Abstract G 1/19 (Simulations), Enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office, 10 March 2021 The Enlarged Board of Appeal of the European Patent Office (EPO) held that a computer-implemented simulation of a technical system or process which is claimed as such can, for the purpose of assessing inventive step, solve a technical problem by producing a technical effect going beyond the simulation’s implementation on a computer; and that the established case law on computer-implemented inventions (COMVIK approach) applies to computer-implemented simulations even if these do not have an output having a direct link with physical reality.

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Pias, Claus. "On the Epistemology of Computer Simulation." ZMK Zeitschrift für Medien- und Kulturforschung 2/1/2011: Offene Objekte 2, no. 1 (2011): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.28937/1000107521.

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"Der Aufsatz plädiert dafür, die Geschichte der wissenschaftlichen Computersimulation auf eine spezifisch medienhistorische Weise zu untersuchen. Nach einigen Vorschlägen zur Charakterisierung der Besonderheiten von Computersimulationen werden zwei Beispiele interpretiert (Management-Simulationen der 1960er und verkehrstechnische bzw. epidemiologische Simulationen der 1990er). Daraus leiten sich Fragen nach dem veränderten Status wissenschaftlichen Wissens, nach der Genese wissenschaftstheoretischer Konzepte und nach wissenschaftskritischen Optionen ab. </br></br>The paper suggests to analyze the history of scientific computer simulations with respect to the history of media. After presenting some ideas concerning the peculiarities of computer simulation, two examples (management simulations of the 1960s; traffic-related and epistemological simulations of the 1990s) are interpreted. From them, further questions concerning the status of scientific knowledge, the genesis of epistemological concepts and their critique are derived. "

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3

Doan, N. V., and F. Rossi. "Computer Simulations." Solid State Phenomena 30-31 (January 1992): 75–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.30-31.75.

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4

Kowalski, L. "Computer Simulations." Physics Today 38, no. 5 (May 1985): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2814549.

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Bork, Alfred. "Computer Simulations." Physics Today 38, no. 12 (December 1985): 100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2814836.

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Humphreys, Paul. "Computer Simulations." PSA: Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association 1990, no. 2 (January 1990): 497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1990.2.193093.

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McROBERTS, SUSAN. "Computer Simulations." Clinical Nurse Specialist 19, no. 3 (May 2005): 111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002800-200505000-00003.

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Algimantas, FEDARAVIČIUS, RAČKAUSKAS Saulius, and SURVILA Arvydas. "Numerical Study on Internal Ballistics Characteristics of a Solid Propellant Rocket Motor." Mechanics 25, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.25.3.23742.

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The viability of numerical simulations to design a solid propellant rocket motor, as opposed to static testing, is discussed in this paper. The results demonstrate that an objectively more detailed insight into the processes taking place within the motor in active combustion can be gained by employing computer simulations. The abundance of readily available computing power allows complex simulations to be run on personal desktop computers, thus, saving money by eliminating the need for static testing during the design phase of the motor. The computer simulation results are validated by a comparison with test data gathered during static tests on the motor. In this study, an RM-12K solid propellant rocket motor is designed and developed, which is currently used in real-world air defence training applications, and therefore, sufficient empirical data are available. The numerical method, based on computer simulations using personal computers, is sufficiently accurate to allow for motor design decisions and an adequate substitute for static testing. Even though a single simulation can take up to 715 h on an 8-core personal machine, it is still an effective solution.

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Jones, Ken. "Using Computer-Assisted Simulations and Avoiding Computer-Hindered Simulations." Simulation & Gaming 22, no. 2 (June 1991): 234–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1046878191222008.

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de Oliveira, Paulo Murilo Castro. "Evolutionary computer simulations." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 306 (April 2002): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(02)00512-5.

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Janczarek, Marcin, and Ewa Kowalska. "Computer Simulations of Photocatalytic Reactors." Catalysts 11, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11020198.

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Photocatalysis has been considered future technology for green energy conversion and environmental purification, including carbon dioxide reduction, water splitting, air/water treatment, and antimicrobial purposes. Although various photocatalysts with high activity and stability have already been found, the commercialization of photocatalytic processes seems to be slow; it is thought that the difficulty in scaling up photocatalytic processes might be responsible. Research on the design of photocatalytic reactors using computer simulations has been recently intensive. The computer simulations involve various methods of hydrodynamics, radiation, and mass transport analysis, including the Monte Carlo method, the approximation approach–P1 model, and computational fluid dynamics as a complex simulation tool. This review presents all of these models, which might be efficiently used for the scaling-up of photocatalytic reactors. The challenging aspects and perspectives of computer simulation are also addressed for the future development of applied photocatalysis.

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Wu, Qing, Maksym Spiryagin, Ingemar Persson, Chris Bosomworth, and Colin Cole. "Parallel computing of wheel-rail contact." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 234, no. 10 (October 8, 2019): 1109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954409719880737.

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Railway wheel–rail contact simulations are the most important and time-consuming tasks when simulating the system dynamics of vehicles. Parallel computing is a good approach for improving the numerical computing speed. This paper reports the advances in parallel computing of the wheel–rail contact simulations. The proposed method uses OpenMP to parallelise the multiple contact points of all the wheel–rail interfaces of a locomotive model. The method has been implemented in the vehicle system dynamics simulation package GENSYS. Simulations were conducted using two numerical solvers (4th Runge-Kutta and HeunC) and a maximum of four computer cores. Simulation cases have shown exactly the same numerical results using serial computing and parallel computing, which prove the effectiveness of the parallel computing method. The HeunC solver achieved the same simulation results and is 3.5 times faster than the 4th Runge-Kutta method. Simulation results obtained from both numerical solvers show that parallel computing using 2, 3 and 4 computer cores can improve the simulation speeds by roughly 29, 39 and 41%, respectively. There is an apparent diminishing of the rate of improvement due to the increase of the communication resource overhead when more computer cores are used. Using up to four computer cores does not require revision of the GENSYS code, and simulations can be executed using personal computers.

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Nazaré, Thalita E., Erivelton G. Nepomuceno, Samir A. M. Martins, and Denis N. Butusov. "A Note on the Reproducibility of Chaos Simulation." Entropy 22, no. 9 (August 29, 2020): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22090953.

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An evergreen scientific feature is the ability for scientific works to be reproduced. Since chaotic systems are so hard to understand analytically, numerical simulations assume a key role in their investigation. Such simulations have been considered as reproducible in many works. However, few studies have focused on the effects of the finite precision of computers on the simulation reproducibility of chaotic systems; moreover, code sharing and details on how to reproduce simulation results are not present in many investigations. In this work, a case study of reproducibility is presented in the simulation of a chaotic jerk circuit, using the software LTspice. We also employ the OSF platform to share the project associated with this paper. Tests performed with LTspice XVII on four different computers show the difficulties of simulation reproducibility by this software. We compare these results with experimental data using a normalised root mean square error in order to identify the computer with the highest prediction horizon. We also calculate the entropy of the signals to check differences among computer simulations and the practical experiment. The methodology developed is efficient in identifying the computer with better performance, which allows applying it to other cases in the literature. This investigation is fully described and available on the OSF platform.

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Agatonović, Miloš. "Computer Simulations as Fiction in Science." Balkan Journal of Philosophy 14, no. 1 (2022): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/bjp20221412.

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The present paper intends to show that computer simulations used in science are akin to fiction. Starting from the problem of defining computer simulation, the paper discusses the uses and disadvantages of simulations in science. Computer simulations have a representational function, but they do not resemble the phenomena that they purport to represent. Computer simulations do not preserve the content of the models, input data, and theories from which they proceed, since the content is modified by computational processes. Because of the complexities of these processes, we cannot control or test the methods used to process the content of computer simulations. Still, simulations may help to explain the behaviour of a possible aspect of the phenomenon under examination. Although their role in doing so may be limited, by conforming to and immersing us in the worldview of science, simulations, thus reinforce the intuitions of the existing body of scientific knowledge, and similarly to the “believable fiction” described by John Woods, provide genuine understanding.

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Lasquety-Reyes, Jeremiah A. "Towards Computer Simulations of Virtue Ethics." Open Philosophy 2, no. 1 (September 26, 2019): 399–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opphil-2019-0029.

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AbstractThis article presents two approaches for computer simulations of virtue ethics in the context of agent-based modeling, a simple way and a complex way. The simple way represents virtues as numeric variables that are invoked in specific events or situations. This way can easily be implemented and included in social simulations. On the other hand, the complex way requires a PECS framework: physical, cognitive, emotional, and social components need to be implemented in agents. Virtue is the result of the interaction of these internal components rather than a single variable. I argue that the complex way using the PECS framework is more suitable for simulating virtue ethics theory because it can capture the internal struggle and conflict sometimes involved in the practice of virtue. To show how the complex way could function, I present a sample computer simulation for the cardinal virtue of temperance, the virtue that moderates physical desires such as food, drink, and sex. This computer simulation is programmed in Python and builds upon the well-known Sugarscape simulation.1

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DOBRESCU, GIANINA, M. RUSU, and M. VASS. "COMPUTER SIMULATIONS OF FRACTAL SURFACES: APPLICATION IN ADSORPTION." Fractals 01, no. 03 (September 1993): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x93000459.

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A computer program which is able to simulate adsorption on fractal surfaces was developed. The fractal surfaces are generated as Takagi surfaces. The computer program is based on a DLA-algorithm. Adsorption was simulated in different conditions: 1. equivalent active sites (homogeneous surfaces); 2. active sites with different adsorption probabilities; the probability associated with every active site is computed using a van der Waals potential. Our simulation allows us to explore the actual structure of the gas-solid interface and to study the sensitivity to energetic disorder. The fractal dimension of gas-solid interface vs. adsorption coverage curves are computed.

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Lindenschmidt, K. E., F. B. Hesser, and M. Rode. "Integrating water quality models in the High Level Architecture (HLA) environment." Advances in Geosciences 4 (August 9, 2005): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-4-51-2005.

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Abstract. HLA (High Level Architecture) is a computer architecture for constructing distributed simulations. It facilitates interoperability among different simulations and simulation types and promotes reuse of simulation software modules. The core of the HLA is the Run-Time Infrastructure (RTI) that provides services to start and stop a simulation execution, to transfer data between interoperating simulations, to control the amount and routing of data that is passed, and to co-ordinate the passage of simulated time among the simulations. The authors are not aware of any HLA applications in the field of water resources management. The development of such a system is underway at the UFZ -Centre for Environmental Research, Germany, in which the simulations of a hydrodynamic model (DYNHYD), eutrophication model (EUTRO) and sediment and micro-pollutant transport model (TOXI) are interlinked and co-ordinated by the HLA RTI environment. This configuration enables extensions such as (i) "cross-model" uncertainty analysis with Monte Carlo Analysis: time synchronisation allows EUTRO and TOXI simulations to be made after each successive simulation time step in DYNHYD, (ii) information transfer from EUTRO to TOXI to compute organic carbon fractions of particulate matter in TOXI, (iii) information transfer from TOXI to EUTRO to compute extinction coefficients in EUTRO and (iv) feedback from water quality simulations to the hydrodynamic modeling.

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18

Rosler, Martha. "Image Simulations Computer Manipulations." Afterimage 17, no. 4 (November 1, 1989): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aft.1989.17.4.7.

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Moore, Moreton. "Computer simulations of dislocations." Crystallography Reviews 22, no. 2 (September 28, 2015): 141–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0889311x.2015.1084507.

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20

Power, H., and R. T. Hart. "Computer Simulations in Biomedicine." Journal of Clinical Engineering 21, no. 1 (January 1996): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004669-199601000-00009.

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Menon, Madhu, and Roland E. Allen. "Computer simulations of chemisorption." Progress in Surface Science 25, no. 1-4 (January 1987): 317–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6816(87)80022-9.

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22

Voigtman, Edward. "Computer simulations in spectrometry." Analytica Chimica Acta 246, no. 1 (May 1991): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-2670(00)80661-3.

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23

Wassermann, B., and T. P. Martin. "Computer simulations of photoionization." Zeitschrift f�r Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters 12, no. 1-4 (March 1989): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01426931.

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24

Beauvais, Glenn E., David H. Boal, and James Glosli. "Computer simulations of fragmentation." Nuclear Physics A 471, no. 1-2 (September 1987): 427–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0375-9474(87)90267-3.

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Biersack, J. P. "Computer simulations of sputtering." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 27, no. 1 (June 1987): 21–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(87)90005-x.

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26

Barberousse, Anouk, Sara Franceschelli, and Cyrille Imbert. "Computer simulations as experiments." Synthese 169, no. 3 (November 18, 2008): 557–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11229-008-9430-7.

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SEVERAL AUTHORS, SEVERAL AUTHORS. "ChemInform Abstract: Computer Simulations." ChemInform 29, no. 37 (June 19, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199837281.

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Becker, Liane, and Daniel C. Dreesmann. "Simulating Environmental Issues: New Digital Tools to Teach Biology In Silico." Sustainability 15, no. 19 (September 28, 2023): 14325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151914325.

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Computers have been an indispensable part of human working and private life for decades, and in classrooms the use of digital devices and tools is increasing as a result of digitalization. In this study, we aimed to test the potential of computer simulations as digital tools in biology lessons to convey environmental issues. For this purpose, we conducted an online survey and evaluated 137 responses from German high-school students between 14 and 20 years of age. We asked the students about their attitude towards computer simulations as digital tools in biology lessons and tested the students’ knowledge about models and computer simulations as well as their basic knowledge about plant morphology. Additionally, we investigated the students’ self-perceived computer skills and their motivation to work with computers within information and communication technologies (ICTs). Our results show a relationship between high self-perceived computer skills and high motivation to work with computers and a high responsiveness to learning about environmental issues in silico (computer-based), even if gender differences are visible. Therefore, including computer simulations as a student-centered method can be profitable for students, increasing their understanding of environmental issues and combating their lack of botanical knowledge.

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Wang, Joseph, Yong Cao, Raed Kafafy, and Viktor Decyk. "Electric Propulsion Plume Simulations Using Parallel Computer." Scientific Programming 15, no. 2 (2007): 83–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/272431.

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A parallel, three-dimensional electrostatic PIC code is developed for large-scale electric propulsion simulations using parallel supercomputers. This code uses a newly developed immersed-finite-element particle-in-cell (IFE-PIC) algorithm designed to handle complex boundary conditions accurately while maintaining the computational speed of the standard PIC code. Domain decomposition is used in both field solve and particle push to divide the computation among processors. Two simulations studies are presented to demonstrate the capability of the code. The first is a full particle simulation of near-thruster plume using real ion to electron mass ratio. The second is a high-resolution simulation of multiple ion thruster plume interactions for a realistic spacecraft using a domain enclosing the entire solar array panel. Performance benchmarks show that the IFE-PIC achieves a high parallel efficiency of ≥ 90%

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Möring, Sebastian. "The Metaphor-Simulation Paradox in the Study of Computer Games." International Journal of Gaming and Computer-Mediated Simulations 5, no. 4 (October 2013): 48–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgcms.2013100103.

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This article discusses the metaphor-simulation paradox in the study of computer games. It is derived from three observations. Firstly, often when authors use the concept of metaphor with regard to games they use it in conceptual and textual vicinity to the concept of simulation. Secondly, the concept of metaphor is often applied to signify seemingly abstract games in opposition to mimetic simulations. Both observations can be made within an artgame discourse of the study of computer games as well as within the more general discourse of the study of computer games. Thirdly, however, the definitions for simulation as well as for metaphor are strikingly similar which culminates in the metaphor-simulation paradox i.e. the notions of metaphor and simulation are not distinct enough in order to make the distinctions which are usually made with these notions with regard to computer games. In an attempt to reconcile both notions with regard to computer games this article will make three suggestions. Observing that simulations are often called metaphors with regard to their degree of reduction or abstraction the first suggestion argues that simulations are essentially synecdochic and hence metaphoric when following a broad notion of metaphor. Based on the assumption that simulation is not a matter of similarity the second suggestion proposes to distinguish between a first order simulation and a second order simulation which can then be considered metaphoric. As a third and final suggestion the author offers to consider simulation and metaphor as related via the notion of the model. Simulations are based on models and metaphors provide models such that one can speak of metaphor based simulations.

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Hinterwaldner, Inge. "Systems Perspectivation as a General Basis for Computer Simulations." Leonardo 52, no. 1 (February 2019): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01410.

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The author proposes a theoretical framework for better understanding the scope of expression of interactive computer simulations. As programmed processes, simulations embody the logic of systems as conceived by systems theory. Here, this basis is seen as a kind of pre-forming perspectivation on a general level, leading to certain characteristics of simulated dynamics (differing from other modes of conceptualizing processes). It is crucial for epistemological questions as well as simulation practices to recognize the specificity of the kind of processes producible by simulations and to be conscious that there is no “natural” relationship between the simulation dynamics and their iconization.

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Khamdamov, Timur V., and Mikhail Yu Voloshin. "Conceptualizing Computer Simulations in Philosophy of Science." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 58, no. 2 (2021): 151–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eps202158234.

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In the modern Russian philosophy, discussions about the phenomenon of computer simulations in the scientific research practice of conducting experiments are just beginning to pass the stage of initiation in small interdisciplinary groups studying this new direction for the philosophy of science. At the same time, in Western philosophy by the current moment there have been formed entire directions for the study of computer simulations. Different groups of researchers in different ways form ideas about the basic characteristics of simulations: from skeptical views on their nature, which are of no philosophical interest, to extremely revolutionary attitudes that assign simulations to the main role in the next expected turn of philosophy, comparable in its power to the linguistic turn in early XX century. One of the main controversial issues in Western philosophical thought was the search for relevant criteria and signs of simulations that could create a solid basis for formulating a rigorous definition of this phenomenon. Thus, through the definition, researchers first of all try, on the one hand, to solve the taxonomic problem of the correlation and interconnection of simulations with other types of experiment: natural, laboratory, mental, mathematical. On the other hand, to reveal for philosophy ontological and epistemological foundations of simulations, which carry the potential of new philosophical knowledge. This article is devoted to a brief review of the existing concepts of representatives of Western schools of thought on the phenomenon of computer simulations in the context of the philosophy of science. The structure of the review is built on three basic conceptual directions: 1) definition of the term "computer simulation"; 2) computer simulations as an experiment; 3) the epistemic value of simulations. Such a review can become the subject of discussion for Russian researchers interested in the impact of computer simulations on science and philosophy.

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DE SOUZA FERREIRA, LUCAS, and ÁLVARO DE ALMEIDA CAPARICA. "COMPUTER SIMULATIONS OF A POLYMER WITH EXACT SOLUTION." International Journal of Modern Physics C 23, no. 08 (August 2012): 1240012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183112400128.

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In this work we apply a refined Wang–Landau simulation to a simple polymer model which has an exact solution both in the microcanonical and the canonical formalisms. We investigate the behavior of the microcanonical and canonical averages during the Wang–Landau simulation. The simulations were carried out using conventional Wang–Landau sampling (WLS) and the 1/t scheme. Our results show that updating the density of states only after every N monomer moves leads to a much better precision. During the simulations the canonical averages such as the location of the maximum of the specific heat calculated from independent runs tend asymptotically to values around the correct value obtained from the exact calculations of the density of states and remain unchanged for some final modification factor. Since this f final is found for the model analyzed, one has a criterion to stop the simulations. We compare our results with the exact value and with those of the 1/t scheme.

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Vorländer, Michael. "Recent Progress in Room Acoustical Computer Simulations." Building Acoustics 4, no. 4 (December 1997): 229–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x9700400401.

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In the last decade computer simulations of sound fields in rooms have been developed for application in research and consulting. Some programs are commercially available. Most computer models are based on geometrical room acoustics and/or on statistical (radiosity) methods, thus not including wave phenomena such as diffraction. The uncertainty of typical simulation software was investigated in an international verification test in 1994 and 1995. The results were partly promising although some programs were not as reliable as the operators expected. These round robin tests have been continued until today with simulations and measurements in a concert hall in Jönköping in Sweden. In this paper the basic algorithms of room acoustical computer simulations, the verification in round robin tests and the observed accuracy and limitations are summarised. Finally, possible improvements are discussed.

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Kok, Bethany E., Declan Dagger, Conor Gaffney, and Austin Kenny. "Experiential Learning at Scale with Computer-Based Roleplay Simulations." International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning (iJAC) 11, no. 2 (December 19, 2018): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijac.v11i2.9364.

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<p class="0BodyText">Experiential learning is an effective method for changing behavior and teaching new material at work. Unfortunately, experiential learning is difficult to deliver at scale as it requires hands-on participation and interactivity.</p><p class="0BodyText">EmpowerTheUser (ETU)’s computer-based roleplay simulations enable experiential learning at scale. In a simulation, learners take on a role and have to react to various situations and make choices that have downsteam consequences. ETU Simulations engage the learner in cycles of assessment and practice, with summative scoring in the assessment mode and real time coaching and feedback in the practice mode. </p><p class="0BodyText">ETU partnered with one of the oldest custodian banks headquartered in New York to deliver a series of three simulations on risk management to nearly 6,000 managers on five continents. User feedback shows that learners are highly satisfied with the program. Performance improved from simulation I to simulation II, indicating transfer of learning. Underperforming learners were remediated using the assess/practice/assess learning loop, resulting in a 227% improvement in performance.</p><p class="0BodyText">EmpowerTheUser Simulations provided fast, consistent training in risk management. Feedback was overwhelmingly favorable and decision tracking within the simulations demonstrated effective learning.</p>

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Rajamanickam, Rangaswamy, Steven M. Hansen, and Sundaresan Jayaraman. "A Computer Simulation Approach for Engineering Air-Jet Spun Yarns." Textile Research Journal 67, no. 3 (March 1997): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004051759706700311.

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A computer simulation approach for engineering air-jet spun yarns is proposed, and the advantages of computer simulations over experimental investigations and stand-alone mathematical models are discussed. Interactions of the following factors in air-jet spun yarns are analyzed using computer simulations: yarn count and fiber fineness, fiber tenacity and fiber friction, fiber length and fiber friction, and number of wrapper fibers and wrap angle. Based on the results of these simulations, yarn engineering approaches to optimize strength are suggested.

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Apritasari, Yaseri Dahlia. "Experimental Research with Computer Simulation (Case Study Of Urban Cool Island)." International Journal of Built Environment and Scientific Research 7, no. 1 (June 26, 2023): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24853/ijbesr.7.1.41-50.

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This research will describe experimental research methodology using computer simulation with the case study of urban cool island research. The urban cool island is one of the urban heat island mitigation technology strategies. This technology uses a geometric and material intervention process that forms an urban cool island in an area with high urban heat island intensity. The urban cool island will expand and reduce the temperature of the hot islands so that the urban heat island gets smaller. In the research process, a series of experimental methodologies were carried out. Experimental methodology is carried out on a regional scale will be difficult and expensive. So a computer simulation is needed to facilitate urban cool island experiments in the area. The stages of experimental research with computer simulations use two process stages (1) Quasi-measurement experiments and field observations in the UCI area, (2) Validation of field measurements versus simulation models, (3) Experiments with computer simulations by creating test models and comparison models. The scope of research on the scale of urban areas with experimental methodology becomes efficient with the help of computer simulations. In Urban Cool Island, several countries have also used this methodology. Computer simulation used: ENVI-MET, CFD-Ansys, and others. Before starting the research, a clear frame or research design is needed, determining variables, replicating the real conditions, mastering the use of simulations, and always paying attention to the results, which are continuously controlled and validated to produce simulations that are close to the real conditions.

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Sussman, Daniel, and Joseph Lowman. "Hard-copy versus Computer Presentation of the SuperShrink Interview Simulation." Teaching of Psychology 16, no. 4 (December 1989): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top1604_17.

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The effects of realism and perceived control on student satisfaction with the SuperShrink interview simulation were investigated via a 2 × 2 comparison of active/passive and computer/hard-copy conditions. Students rated the computer versions as more satisfying and as promoting a greater sense of realism than the printed materials. Students perceived having more control in the active than the passive conditions, but this perception was not accompanied by differences in satisfaction. These data suggest that computers are superior to hard-copy simulations of human interaction, perhaps because they enhance realism rather than control.

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Wang, A. T. "Finite-Simulation Error Bounds for Estimated K-Year Forces." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 111, no. 4 (November 1, 1989): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3257095.

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Computer simulations have been used frequently to calculate design loads associated with a specific return period for offshore structures. However, two important questions persistently confront engineers who simulate load events on computers to estimate k-year forces: 1) How accurate is the estimated k-year force (say, 100-yr force) obtained through a computer simulation of n years (e.g., n = 1000) compared to that which would result from a much longer simulation? 2) When can we stop a computer simulation? Or how many simulation years are needed to reach a specified level of reliability for a certain k-year force? This paper presents solutions to these two questions under the assumption that the input parameters are completely known and the formulas used to compute loads are one hundred percent correct. Given a confidence level C (e.g., C = 80 or 90 percent) and an arbitrary but fixed number of simulation years, a method is identified to find an estimated k-year force and an error bound α, such that Pr(|estimator−k-yearforce|<α)>C (1) In addition, when the required confidence C and error bound α are given, a procedure is given to stop a computer simulation as soon as inequality (1) is satisfied. These results are not dependent on the statistical distribution of the underlying force distribution. Therefore, one does not have to assume that forces are of a specific probability distribution (such as lognormal, exponential, etc.).

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Kalua, Amos, and James Jones. "Epistemological Framework for Computer Simulations in Building Science Research: Insights from Theory and Practice." Philosophies 5, no. 4 (October 22, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies5040030.

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Computer simulations are widely used within the area of building science research. Building science research deals with the physical phenomena that affect buildings, including heat and mass transfer, lighting and acoustic transmission. This wide usage of computer simulations, however, is characterized by a divergence in thought on the composition of an epistemological framework that may provide guidance for their deployment in research. This paper undertakes a fundamental review of the epistemology of computer simulations within the context of the philosophy of science. Thereafter, it reviews the epistemological framework within which computer simulations are used in practice within the area of building science research. A comparison between the insights obtained from the realms of theory and practice is made, which then interrogates the adequacy of the epistemological approaches that have been employed in previously published simulation-based research. These insights may help in informing a normative composition of an adequate epistemological framework within which computer simulation-based building science research may be conducted.

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Lewandowsky, Stephan. "The Rewards and Hazards of Computer Simulations." Psychological Science 4, no. 4 (July 1993): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1993.tb00267.x.

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Although computer simulations and other modeling tools have assumed a pivotal role in cognitive psychology, their utility continues to be questioned by some psychologists. This article presents several examples that illustrate both rewards and potential hazards associated with the simulation approach. Simulations can provide the formal framework necessary to disambiguate new ideas, they can explore the implications of complex models, and they can predict seemingly counterintuitive findings or uncover hidden relationships. At the same time, care must be taken to avoid pitfalls that may arise when computer code inadvertently differs from the intended specifications of a theory, or when predictions derive not from fundamental properties of a theory but from pragmatic choices made by the modeler.

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Proffen, Th, R. B. Neder, and S. J. L. Billinge. "Teaching diffraction using computer simulations over the Internet." Journal of Applied Crystallography 34, no. 6 (November 17, 2001): 767–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889801013656.

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Computer simulations are a versatile tool to enhance the teaching of diffraction physics and related crystallographic topics to students of chemistry, materials science, physics and crystallography. Interactive computer simulations are presented, which have been added to a World Wide Web (WWW) based tutorial. A simple WWW interface is used to choose appropriate values for selected simulation parameters. The resulting structure and diffraction pattern are then plotted on the screen. Simulated structures range from a single atom to complex disordered or modulated structures. The simple interface requires no special computing knowledge and allows students to explore systematically the relationship between a real-space structure and the corresponding diffraction pattern. The large function set of the underlying simulation program (DISCUS) makes it easy to tailor the tutorial to a given syllabus by modifying or extending the current interactive examples.

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Afzal, Muhammad Javaid, Muhammad Waseem Ashraf, Shahzadi Tayyaba, Akhtar Hussain Jalbani, and Farah Javaid. "Computer Simulation Based Optimization of Aspect Ratio for Micro and Nanochannels." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 39, no. 4 (October 1, 2020): 779–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2004.10.

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For Computational Fluidic Dynamics (CFD) analysis, different types of software are available such as ANSYS, COMSOL, GAMBIT and ABAQUS. ANSYS FLUENT is a very influential CFD software that enables the researchers to execute advanced and fast simulation as the performance of product is optimized. In this research work, the capabilities of ANSYS FLUENT have been investigated through the fluidic simulation of nano scale channels. Here, the simulation of three straight shaped and one curvilinear nano channel has been performed to analyze the precision of simulation with the aspect ratio of smaller dimensions (radius, length). The accurate dimensions have been determined for various shapes of channels. For straight circular channel, the radius of 124.9 µm and length of 900 µm are the dimensions found for error free simulations with 7.20 aspect ratio. While for straight crossed channel, the radius of 5.1 mm and length of 100 mm are the accurate dimensions for error free simulations with 19.60 aspect ratio. Width and depth are determined as 180 µm with 180 µm length in case of straight square channel for error free simulations with 1.0 aspect ratio. Finally, in case of curvilinear channel for error free simulations, the radius and length are found 22 and 209.1 µm respectively with 9.50 aspect ratio. None of the channels is found fit for simulation in nanometer range. Even in micrometer range, the simulations of these channels have acquired errors. Moreover, it has been observed that the aspect ratio is different for different geometries of microchannels for error free simulation.

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Иванов, Иван, Ivan Ivanov, Алексей Кусков, and Aleksey Kuskov. "Computer simulations as interactive method training In the course of preparation bachelors of law." Advances in Law Studies 5, no. 2 (July 18, 2017): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5963a1792cd883.48472757.

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The aim of the article is to examine the computer simulations as one of the interactive methods of training and formulate proposals for their effective use in training bachelors of law. The authors have chosen the basis of the research methodology a systematic approach using formal-logical method as well as methods of theoretical knowledge and empirical research. As a result, the authors formulated the definition of legal computer simulation, classified these simulations. The authors proposed a scheduling algorithm and conduct classes with the use of computer simulations. There are conclusions about the problems and the subsequent directions of development of computer simulation for a more effective legal system for training of bachelors, which should be according to the authors field of application of the results.

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Laghaei, Rozita, and Afshin Eskandari Nasrabad. "The Influence of Bond Angle on Thermophysical Properties of Three-Center Lennard-Jones Fluids: Computer Simulation and Theory." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 233, no. 4 (April 24, 2019): 551–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zpch-2018-1199.

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Abstract We carry out extensive computer simulations to study the phase equilibrium, thermodynamics, and diffusion coefficient of three-center Lennard-Jones (3CLJ) fluids with an emphasis on the effects of bond angle on these properties. We take into account several bond angles ranging from θ0 = 60 to 180 degrees and two equilibrium bond elongations le = 1.0 and 0.5 (in Lennard-Jones length unit). Moreover, we study the fully flexible (FF) 3CLJ fluids for molecules with bond length 1.0. Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are performed to compute the densities of the vapor-liquid coexisting phases and the vapor pressure, and direct three-phase (vapor-liquid-vapor) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are carried out to calculate the surface tension. We then apply constant NVT MC simulations to obtain the internal energy, the pressure, and the pair correlation function, and utilize equilibrium MD simulations to compute the diffusion coefficient of systems with le = 1.0. In addition to MD simulations, the modified Cohen-Turnbull (mCT) theory is used to to compute the diffusion coefficient and the mean free volume appearing in the mCT relation is provided by the results of the Generic van der Waals (GvdW) theory. We show that the mCT theory is capable of reproducing the MD simulation values quite well over a wide range of density with slight overestimations at medium range. The angle dependence of different thermophysical properties are analyzed and discussed in details.

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Bueno, Otávio. "Computer Simulations: An Inferential Conception." Monist 97, no. 3 (2014): 378–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/monist201497324.

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Fournet, R., and J. Marcos Salazar. "Computer Simulations on Dislocation Patterning." Solid State Phenomena 42-43 (April 1995): 205–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.42-43.205.

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Callaghan, Richard T. "Computer Simulations of Ancient Voyaging." Northern Mariner / Le marin du nord 9, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.25071/2561-5467.628.

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Tehver, Riina, Flavio Toigo, Joel Koplik, and Jayanth R. Banavar. "Thermal walls in computer simulations." Physical Review E 57, no. 1 (January 1, 1998): R17—R20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.57.r17.

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Gorrell, Jeffrey. "Outcomes of Using Computer Simulations." Journal of Research on Computing in Education 24, no. 3 (March 1992): 359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08886504.1992.10782017.

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