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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Computer games'

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Published: 4 June 2021
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1

Nordvall, Mathias. "SIGHTLENCE : Haptics for Computer Games." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-73873.

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Games in general and computer games in particular have now become a mainstream activity for young people in the industrialized nations. Sadly, people’s interaction with computer artifacts and games are mainly still limited to the visual and auditive modalities. This constrains the richness of our interaction with those artifacts, it constrains the possibilities of using those artifacts to communicate and build relations with others, and it excludes some people from using them at all. This thesis answers the questions of whether it’s possible to use haptics as a single modality for conveying information in computer games, if it’s possible to translate the standard interfaces of existing computer games into haptic interfaces, and if it can be accomplished with the technology used in the gamepads of current generation game consoles. It also contains a theoretical foundation for using haptics in game design and a new design method for analyzing the requirements of computer game interface modalities. A computer game prototype called Sightlence was developed in order to answer these questions. The prototype was developed in four iterative cycles of design, development, and evaluative play sessions. Four groups of people participated in the play sessions: graduate students, and teachers, specializing in games; people who are deafblind; people from the general population; and pupils from a national special needs school in Sweden for children with deafness or impaired hearing combined with severe learning disabilities, or congenital deafblindness. The prototypes were tested with usability techniques for measuring performance and learnability. The usability tests showed that Sightlence can be successfully learned by people from the general population while the pupils with cognitive development disorders from the special needs school would need additional support in the game in order to learn to handle the increased abstraction caused by the haptic interface. The thesis ends with discussion of the designed and developed artifact Sightlence. The discussion touches on the design process, the usability testing, and possible future research and development relevant for making haptics a fruitful tool and medium for designers and people.
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Hu, Mengchen. "Game Design Patterns for Designing Stealth Computer Games." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för teknik och samhälle (TS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-20294.

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Design patterns are widely used in game design, especially in action games. Design patterns can be seen as a group of concluded gameplay. A stealth game is a video game genre that rewards the player for using stealth (conceal avatar of player in order to avoid enemies) to overcome antagonists. In some cases there is a conflict between difficulty and game experience in stealth game. In order to solve this problem, we researched design patterns in stealth games. We observed a set of stealth game design patterns from three different stealth games. The collection used a different template of game design pattern.Then we created a questionnaire to collect opinions from designers that have experience in stealth game area. Based on such data, we designed and created a prototype of application. Unlike other websites or books, the application shown game design pattern for a single type of game(stealth game). From the application designers can check stealth game design patterns based on design document. The application can introduce stealth game design patterns to designers, and show how to use them in stealth game design.
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Vedrashko, Ilya. "Advertising in computer games." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39144.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Comparative Media Studies, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves [67]-[74]).
This paper suggests advertisers should experiment with in-game advertising to gain skills that could become vital in the near future. It compiles, arranges and analyzes the existing body of academic and industry knowledge on advertising and product placement in computer game environments. The medium's characteristics are compared to other channels' in terms of their attractiveness to marketers, and the business environment is analyzed to offer recommendations on the relative advantages of in-game advertising. The paper also contains a brief historical review of in-game advertising, and descriptions of currently available and emerging advertising formats. Keywords: Advertising, marketing, branding, product placement, branded entertainment, networks, computer games, video games, virtual worlds.
by Ilya Vedrashko.
S.M.
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4

Плохута, Тетяна Миколаївна, Татьяна Николаевна Плохута, Tetiana Mykolaivna Plokhuta, and B. S. Ilchyshyn. "Computer games and reality." Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2007. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17551.

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5

Rihan, Jonathan. "Computer vision based interfaces for computer games." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.579554.

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Interacting with a computer game using only a simple web camera has seen a great deal of success in the computer games industry, as demonstrated by the numerous computer vision based games available for the Sony PlayStation 2 and PlayStation 3 game consoles. Computational efficiency is important for these human computer inter- action applications, so for simple interactions a fast background subtraction approach is used that incorporates a new local descriptor which uses a novel temporal coding scheme that is much more robust to noise than the standard formulations. Results are presented that demonstrate the effect of using this method for code label stability. Detecting local image changes is sufficient for basic interactions, but exploiting high-level information about the player's actions, such as detecting the location of the player's head, the player's body, or ideally the player's pose, could be used as a cue to provide more complex interactions. Following an object detection approach to this problem, a combined detection and segmentation approach is explored that uses a face detection algorithm to initialise simple shape priors to demonstrate that good real-time performance can be achieved for face texture segmentation. Ultimately, knowing the player's pose solves many of the problems encountered by simple local image feature based methods, but is a difficult and non-trivial problem. A detection approach is also taken to pose estimation: first as a binary class problem for human detection, and then as a multi-class problem for combined localisation and pose detection. For human detection, a novel formulation of the standard chamfer matching algo- rithm as an SVM classifier is proposed that allows shape template weights to be learnt automatically. This allows templates to be learnt directly from training data even in the presence of background and without the need to pre-process the images to extract their silhouettes. Good results are achieved when compared to a state of the art human detection classifier. For combined pose detection and localisation, a novel and scalable method of ex- ploiting the edge distribution in aligned training images is presented to select the most potentially discriminative locations for local descriptors that allows a much higher space of descriptor configurations to be utilised efficiently. Results are presented that show competitive performance when compared to other combined localisation and pose detection methods.
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6

Djordjevic, Jelena. "YOUNG MEN'S ATTITUDE TOWARDS COMPUTER- AND VIDEO GAMES. AN INTERVIEW STUDY ABOUT YOUNG MEN’S EXPERIENCES OF COMPUTER- AND VIDEO GAMES." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26768.

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Kunskapen om TV- och datorspelmissbruk bland ungdomar är idag väldigt begränsad. Stillasittande/fysisk inaktivitet, som TV- och datorspel ofta innebär och som kan innebära negativa konsekvenser, blir allt vanligare. En semistrukturerad intervjustudie har genomförts på sju män i åldersgruppen 17-29 år i syfte att undersöka drivkrafterna bakom mäns spelbeteende i tonåren. Dessutom har information om spelmissbruk bland ungdomar inhämtats av fyra yrkesverksamma inom spelområdet. Detta samt kopplingar mellan TV- och datorspel och spel om pengar har gjorts p g a bristen på forskning om TV- och datorspel. De före detta spelmissbrukarna har kategoriserats som fritidsspelare och spelproblematiker (som lyckats sluta missbruka spel på egen hand), samt spelberoende, som fått avstå helt från spel för att få ett slut på sitt missbruk, medan övriga än idag kan spela i måttlig och ytterst liten mängd. Verklig och upplevd kontroll över sig själva och omgivningen har varit viktiga determinanter för informanternas spelmissbruk. Anledningarna till att de slutade/minskade på spelandet är att de i huvudsak tappade intresset för spel (dock inte helt), fick andra prioriteringar och/eller inte ville få återfall där de återgår till sitt gamla missbruksbeteende. Spelandet har haft en funktion som flykt från en problematisk livssituation, vilken med tiden endast förvärrats för de spelberoende parallellt med missbruket. Även upplevelsen av direkt, tillfällig tillfredsställelse har varit en stor drivkraft samtidigt som det har lett till spelmissbruket. Det tidsödande fritidsintresset fick konsekvenser på den psykiska och fysiska hälsan och beteendet, utvecklingen, relationer till närstående, familjesituationen, skolgången, den sociala etableringen samt den socioekonomiska situationen, vilket sammanfattningsvis ledde till att informanterna utvecklade en ohälsosam och ofta destruktiv livsstil.
The knowledge of computer- and video game abuse and addiction among young people is very limited today. The sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity that computer- and video games often involve can have negative consequences, and are becoming more common. A semi-structured interview was conducted on seven men between the ages of 17-29 in order to examine the driving forces behind men’s gaming behavior in their adolescence. In addition, information about game abuse among young people was gathered from professionals in the area of computer- and video games. This and links between computer- and video games and gambling have been made due to the lack of research on video and computer games. The former video game addicts have been categorized as recreational players, game problematics (who by themselves managed to stop abusing games) and game addicts, who have completely abstained from gaming to put an end to their addiction, while the others still play moderately and very little today. Actual and perceived control over themselves and their environment has been important determinants for the player’s former addiction. The reason why they stopped/decreased the gaming is essentially because they lost interest in games (not completely though), got other priorities and/or did not want to relapse and return to old problematic behavior. Gaming as an escape from a problematic life situation was a common feature among the addicts. The situation for the game addicts only worsened with time along with their game abuse. Although the experience of direct, incidental satisfaction has been a major driving force, it simultaneously led to game abuse. The time-consuming leisure activity had consequences on the mental and physical health, behavior and social development, as well as on the relationships to relatives, family situation, school attendance, social establishment and socioeconomic situation. To sum up, the informants developed an unhealthy and often destructive lifestyle because of the game habits.
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7

Yan, Jingjing. "Gender and computer games / video games : girls’ perspective orientation." Thesis, Gotland University, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hgo:diva-575.

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The topic of this thesis is “Gender Differences in Computer games/ Video games Industry”. Due to rapid development in technology and popularization of computers all around the world, computer games have already become a kind of common entertainment. Because computer games were designed especially for boys at the very beginning, there are still some remaining barriers when training female game designers and expanding game markets among female players.This thesis is mainly based on two studies which have enormous contributions to gender issue in computer games area. A simple model is established by summarizing factors mentioned and discussed in those two books. The main purpose consists of two comparisons under Gender Differences: one comparison is between the current data with the previous one, in order to check whether there are any changes during the past 10 years. The other one compares the young people in two regions, Sweden and China, in computer games perspective.Model designing, test, questionnaire and interview methods are used in this paper aiming to collect and categorize the data, which facilitates to analyze the results of the comparisons. The results reflect that although computer becomes a familiar “friend” in modern daily life, there are not obvious changes of girls‟ perspectives in computer game industry. Certainly, there are some differences between the young people coming from two regions which will be expounded in the thesis.

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8

Rören, Jonas. "Best of Both Worlds: A Platform for Hybrids of Computer Games and Board Games." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22398.

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This report describes my work with developing a game for a gaming platform that enables hybrids between board games and computer games. My ambition has been to develop a game that takes advantage of the novel possibilities that this platform permits. Among those are to operate with a combination of the computer game traits of complexity in the games and ease of playing; as well as the board game / card game traits of combining social dynamics around a game session with ability to keep information hidden from other players. This is accomplished by a combination of mobile phones and a computer connected to the Internet. The screen of the computer will serve as board and the phones will display cards and other private information to the players, as well as functioning as the players' means for interaction with the game. The game developed, Wind Bugs, takes advantage of the complexity of game states that a computer easily can handle. Effort has been put into finding mechanics with a level of complexity while still implementing them in way that makes them both playable and enjoyable. Rather than focusing on immersion, which has become common in the design of computer games, hopes are that games for this platform, including the game developed in this project, will give room to social dynamics among the players. Though operating with the use of mobile phones, the platform will not support "mobile gaming"; the proposed setting is a group of players surrounding a big screen.
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9

Areizaga, Ander. "Programming learning games : Identification of game design patterns in programming learning games." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-17230.

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There is a high demand for program developers, but the dropouts from computer science courses are also high and course enrolments keep decreasing. In order to overcome that situation, several studies have found serious games as good tools for education in programming learning. As an outcome from such research, several game solutions for programming learning have appeared, each of them using a different approach. Some of these games are only used in the research field where others are published in commercial stores. The problem with commercial games is that they do not offer a clear map of the different programming concepts. This dissertation addresses this problem and analyses which fundamental programming concepts that are represented in commercial games for programming learning. The study also identifies game design patterns used to represent these concepts. The result of this study shows topics that are represented more commonly in commercial games and what game design patterns are used for that. This thesis identifies a set of game design patterns in the 20 commercial games that were analysed. A description as well as some examples of the games where it is found is included for each of these patterns. As a conclusion, this research shows that from the list of the determined fundamental programming topics only a few of them are greatly represented in commercial games where the others have nearly no representation. This shows potential spots for future research in games for programming teaching.
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10

Løland, Karl Syvert. "Intelligent agents in computer games." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9759.

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In this project we examine whether or not a intelligent agent can learn how to play a computer game using the same inputs and outputs as a human. An agent architecture is chosen, implemented, and tested on a standard first person shooter game to see if it can learn how to play that game and find a goal in that game. We conclude the report by discussing potential improvements to the current implementation.

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11

Kubik, Erica. "From girlfriend to gamer negotiating place in the hardcore/casual divide of online video game communities /." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1260391480.

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12

Thomson, Matthew Ian Malcolm. "Military computer games and the new American militarism : what computer games teach us about war." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10672/.

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Military computer games continue to evoke a uniquely contradictory public, intellectual, and critical response. Whilst denigrated as child’s play, they are played by millions of adults; whilst dismissed as simplistic, they are used in education, therapy, and military training; and whilst classed as meaningless, they arouse fears over media effects and the propagandist influence of their representations of combat. They remain the object of intense suspicion, and as part of a new and growing mass medium, they are blamed for everything from obesity to falling literacy standards, and from murder to Abu Ghraib. Much of the suspicion surrounding military computer games has been caused by the development of the military-entertainment complex - the relationship between the computer game industry and the U.S. military which has seen the production of dual-use games, co-produced by the military and the computer game industry and released for both military training and commercial sale. This relationship has placed military computer games at the centre of an intensely politicized debate in which they have become characterized as a mass medium which functions under the control of the military and political establishment and which promotes the militaristic ideals of the neoconservative Bush administration. This thesis serves as a fundamental reevaluation of such preconceptions and prejudices, and in particular, a complete reevaluation of the understanding of the relationship between computer games and American militarism. Its analysis focuses on three main areas: firstly, the content of military computer games; secondly, the determinants which affect the production and representation of war in computer games; and thirdly, the contribution of the representation of war in computer games to the misunderstandings and misconceptions concerning warfare which, in turn, have supported American militaristic beliefs.
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DeRouin-Jessen, Renee. "GAME ON: THE IMPACT OF GAME FEATURES IN COMPUTER-BASED TRAINING." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3142.

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The term "serious games" became popularized in 2002 as a result of an initiative to promote the use of games for education, training, and other purposes. Today, many companies are using games for training and development, often with hefty price tags. For example, the development budget for the U.S. Army recruiting game, "America's Army" was estimated at $7 million. Given their increasing use and high costs, it is important to understand whether game-based learning systems perform as billed. Research suggests that games do not always increase learning outcomes over conventional instruction. However, certain game features (e.g., rules/goals, fantasy, challenge) might be more beneficial for increasing learner motivation and learning outcomes than other game features. This study manipulated two specific game features: multimedia-based fantasy (vs. text-based fantasy) and reward (vs. no reward) in a computer-based training program on employment law. Participants (N=169) were randomly assigned to one of the four experimental conditions or to a traditional computer-based training condition. Contrary to hypotheses, the traditional PowerPoint-like version was found to lead to better declarative knowledge outcomes on the learning test than the most game-like version, although no differences were found between conditions on any of the other dependent variables. Participants in all conditions were equally motivated to learn, were equally satisfied with the learning experience, completed an equal number of practice exercises, performed equally well on the declarative knowledge and skill-based practice, and performed equally well on the skill-based learning test. This suggests that adding the "bells and whistles" of game features to a training program won't necessarily improve learner motivation and training outcomes.
Ph.D.
Department of Psychology
Sciences
Psychology PhD
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Mubireek, Khalid Al. "Gender-oriented vs. gender-neutral computer games in education." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1056139090.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 120 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-106). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Molin, Jonas. "GAID : a practical model of game approachability testing of computer games." Thesis, Umeå University, Department of Informatics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-35023.

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In this thesis an attempt is made to improve on the heuristic model presented by Desurvire and Wiberg from their paper published at the CHI 2008 conference (Desurvire & Wiberg, 2008).  The goal is to create a tool to help identify the types of problems that are found in the article on GAP (Desurvire & Wiberg, 2010).   The improvement that is presented in this work is a flowchart that uses material from GAP. This will simplify the identification of limitations in game designs, using the material collected by Desurvire and Wiberg (2010). The benefit that the implementation of a flowchart hopes to bring to the research and design society is to make the GAP tool more accessible to less informed users. The approach taken in this work, to strengthen the GAP tool was inspired by the solution presented by Barendregt, Bekker and Speerstra in Empirical evaluation of usability and fun in computer games for children (Barendregt, Bekker, & Speerstra, 2003), who made a flowchart to help identify the type of problem that could be found in connection to children playing computer games. The function of such a chart in comparison to a list is to make it more available to personal less experienced in game design and the rules of good game design (Malone, 1982). The flowchart was tested on an expert to verify the issues being used in it and on a usability test material. It was found that the Game Approachability Issue Definition (GAID) flowchart is able to identify, approachability issues, and thereby did improve on GAP as intended.

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Buckthal, Eric D. ebucktha. "JUICINESS IN CITIZEN SCIENCE COMPUTER GAMES: ANALYSIS OF A PROTOTYPICAL GAME." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1278.

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Incorporating the collective problem-solving skills of non-experts could ac- celerate the advancement of scientific research. Citizen science games leverage puzzles to present computationally difficult problems to players. Such games typ- ically map the scientific problem to game mechanics and visual feed-back helps players improve their solutions. Like games for entertainment, citizen science games intend to capture and retain player attention. “Juicy” game design refers to augmented visual feedback systems that give a game personality without modi- fying fundamental game mechanics. A “juicy” game feels alive and polished. This thesis explores the use of “juicy” game design applied to the citizen science genre. We present the results of a user study in its effect on player motivation with a prototypical citizen science game inspired by clustering-based E. coli bacterial strain analysis.
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Towle, Bradford Allen. "Combining role playing game constructs toward real time strategy games." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1447598.

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Malmhake, Daniel, and Henrik Karlsson. "Natural Language Interface technology in computer games : AN EVALUATION OF NATURAL LANGUAGE PARSERS IN COMPUTER GAMES." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-166411.

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A Natural Language Interface is an interface that operates on language input rather thanmouse and keyboard. It works by parsing the input into terms, and then parsing these termsinto a logic statement that can be processed. The efficiency and viability of Natural LanguageInterfaces in computer games was compared to the normal input of keyboard and mouse.This was done by having test users play a game with NLI and then running their inputsthrough a semantic parser. The results indicate that NLI in its current state is less efficient asa way of input than the keyboard/mouse way.
Ett Natural Language Interface är ett gränssnitt som tar indata i form av språk istället för detvanliga sättet med tangentbord och mus. Ett Natural Language Interface fungerar genom attdet först tar ut satsdelarna i indatan, och sedan omvandlar dessa satsdelar till logiska uttrycksom kan bearbetas. Effektiviteten och användbarheten hos Natural Language Interfacesjämfördes med det normala sättet att få indata i form av tangentbord och mus. Dettagenomfördes genom att testanvändare spelade ett spel med Natural Language Interface ochsedan köra deras använda indata genom en semantic parser. Resultaten indikerar att NaturalLanguage Interface i sitt nuvarande tillstånd är ett mindre effektivt sätt att få indata än detvanliga sättet med tangentbord och mus.
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Gibson, Benjamin Ian. "Educational Games for Teaching Computer Science." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Computer Science and Software Engineering, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9239.

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Much work has done on teaching Computer Science by having students program games, but little has been done on teaching Computer Science by having the students learn from playing educational games. The current work in this field does not seem to be particularly cohesive, so there is no clear idea of what has already been done, and what works. The focus of this thesis is to provide a clearer picture of the range of games available for teaching Computer Science, and to provide guidelines for designing and evaluating them. The first and primary part of the thesis was to find and provide detailed information on as many of the existing educational games that teach Computer Science as possible. An extensive search was performed, and 41 games were found. From these it can be seen that while a few topics, mainly binary and introductory programming concepts, have sufficient coverage, most topics in Computer Science have barely been touched. Of the games for teaching Computer Science that were found, most were available online, at no cost, and only required a short time investment to play. The second part of the thesis focuses on growing the number of games that could be used for teaching Computer Science. This is achieved by providing guidelines on producing new work, and an example game is produced to test the guidelines.
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Günzel, Stephan, Michael Liebe, and Dieter Mersch. "The medial form of computer games." Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3324/.

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The claim is made, that in order to analyze them sufficiently, computer games first of all have to be described according to their mediality, understood as the very form in which possible contents are presented to be interacted with. This calls for a categorical approach that defines the condition of possible actions that are determined by the program, but that can only be perceived as aesthetic features.
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Liboriussen, Bjarke. "The landscape aesthetics of computer games." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2458/.

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Landscape aesthetics drawing on philosophy and psychology allow us to understand computer games from a new angle. The landscapes of computer games can be understood as environments or images. This difference creates two options: 1. We experience environments or images, or 2. We experience landscape simultaneously as both. Psychologically, the first option can be backed up by a Vygotskian framework (this option highlights certain non-mainstream subject positions), the second by a Piegatian (highlighting cognitive mapping of game worlds).
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Hobro, Mark, and Marcus Heine. "Natural Language Interfaces in Computer Games." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-166592.

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Natural language processing is a complex area of computer science whichhas been under discussion for more than forty years. During recent yearsnatural language interfaces have been established in conjunction withspeech recognition. This report will cover the theory behind naturallanguage processing and evaluate the weaknesses and strengths of implementingand using a natural language interface in a text-based gameenvironment using the Natural Language Toolkit for Python. The resultsshow that the Natural Language Toolkit has great potential forimplementing a natural language interface for a text-based game, butthe library alone is not sufficient to get good results when the scope oflanguage is increased.
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Coggan, Melanie. "Reinforcement learning in commercial computer games." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112391.

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The goal of this thesis is to explore the use of reinforcement learning (RL) in commercial computer games. Although RL has been applied with success to many types of board games and non-game simulated environments, there has been little work in applying RL to the most popular genres of games: first-person shooters, role-playing games, and real-time strategies. In this thesis we use a first-person shooter environment to create computer players, or bots, that learn to play the game using reinforcement learning techniques.
We have created three experimental bots: ChaserBot, ItemBot and HybridBot. The two first bots each focus on a different aspect of the first-person shooter genre, and learn using basic RL. ChaserBot learns to chase down and shoot an enemy player. ItemBot, on the other hand, learns how to pick up the items---weapons, ammunition, armor---that are available, scattered on the ground, for the players to improve their arsenal. Both of these bots become reasonably proficient at their assigned task. Our goal for the third bot, HybridBot, was to create a bot that both chases and shoots an enemy player and goes after the items in the environment. Unlike the two previous bots which only have primitive actions available (strafing right or left, moving forward or backward, etc.), HybridBot uses options. At any state, it may choose either the player chasing option or the item gathering option. These options' internal policies are determined by the data learned by ChaserBot and ItemBot. HybridBot uses reinforcement learning to learn which option to pick at a given state.
Each bot learns to perform its given tasks. We compare the three bots' ability to gather items, and ChaserBot's and HybridBot's ability to chase their opponent. HybridBot's results are of particular interest as it outperforms ItemBot at picking up items by a large amount. However, none of our experiments yielded bots that are competitive with human players. We discuss the reasons for this and suggest improvements for future work that could lead to competitive reinforcement learning bots.
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24

Chaperot, Benoit. "Computational intelligence applied to computer games." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.739387.

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Wacher, Elin Gunnarsdottir. "COMPUTER GAMES AND THE OLDER GENERATION." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25230.

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The main purpose of the survey was to map older generations’ use of computer games, hereafter called gaming, and to highlight positive effects gaming has on the aging person. The goal of the survey is to contribute with deeper understanding and broadened awareness of which possibilities gaming offer to improve the wellbeing of the ageing human being. The collected empirical information was based on these questions: What does gaming look like amongst societies’ persons of the third age? Which factors contribute to encourage the ageing person to play? Can gaming be an important preventive factor for the ageing persons of the future? The gathering of data was carried out, using two different methods. A questionnaire based survey and thematically opens interviews. The selection of participants in the questionnaire based survey consisted of 32 persons. Two interviews were carried out. One with two persons and one with one person. All participants were of the third age, meaning that they are healthy and can manage daily life themselves. The result of the questionnaire based survey indicates thatmost persons of the third age, in spite of being in possession of digital instruments, well suited for gaming, very few of them actually play, and have no interest in it. The results of the interviews indicate that the lack of interest by older adults can partially be caused by the mass medias’ exposure of negative effects gaming can have on people, and partially by a lack of exposure of positive effects it can have to achieve improved wellbeing. Furthermore, the results of the interviews indicate that what could increase older persons interest in gaming, is research confirming the positive effects it can have on older persons, and that games that are both interesting and satisfying are available.
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Shi, Yinxuan. "Procedural Content Generation for Computer Games." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1469147321.

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Prechtl, Anthony. "Adaptive music generation for computer games." Thesis, Open University, 2016. http://oro.open.ac.uk/45340/.

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This dissertation explores a novel approach to game music that addresses the limitations of conventional game music systems in supporting a dynamically changing narrative. In the proposed approach, the music is generated automatically based on a set of variable input parameters corresponding to emotional musical features. These are then tied to narrative parameters in the game, so that the features and emotions of the music are perceived to continuously adapt to the game's changing narrative. To investigate this approach, an algorithmic music generator was developed which outputs a stream of chords based on several input parameters. The parameters control different aspects of the music, including the transition matrix of a Markov model used to stochastically generate the chords, and can be adjusted continuously in real time. A tense first-person game was then configured to control the generator's input parameters to reflect the changing tension of its narrative---for example, as the narrative tension of the game increases, the generated music becomes more dissonant and the tempo increases. The approach was empirically evaluated primarily by having participants play the game under a variety of conditions, comparing them along several subjective dimensions. The participants' skin conductance was also recorded. The results indicate that the condition with the dynamically varied music described above was both rated and felt as the most tense and exciting, and, for participants who said they enjoy horror games and films, also rated as the most preferable and fun. Another study with music experts then demonstrated that the proposed approach produced smoother musical transitions than crossfades, the approach conventionally used in computer games. Overall, the findings suggest that dynamic music can have a significant positive impact on game experiences, and that generating it algorithmically based on emotional musical features is a viable and effective approach.
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Koffi, Cole Mahoukau. "Video game development with 3D Studio Max and the XNA framework." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/3228.

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The purpose of this project on game design and development is to experiment with actual technology tools used in computer games and get experience in three deminsional game development using 3D Studio Max and Microsoft XNA.
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Muaweyah, Amer. "Game skeletons in Game Maker for the course Design and Programming of Computer Games." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-50777.

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This report is written as a summary of the solution to the problem that the staff for the course TDDD23 at the Swedish university Linköpings universitet wanted two computer game skeletons. One for a scrolling shooter game and one for a strategy game. The games the staff wanted were to be like two existing games. The scrolling shooter was to be like the scrolling shooter from the tutorial GM Tutorial Scrolling Shooter[1]. The strategy game was to be like an existing game called Ancient War[2]. There were some additional requirements that the games had to fulfill. The games were created using Game Maker. It is an easy to use program for creating small computer games. The result of the project was two game skeletons. One for a scrolling shooter game and one for a strategy game. The skeletons were according to the requirements stated.

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Patel, Ushma Kesha. "IMPROVING BEHAVIOR OF COMPUTER GAME BOTS USING FICITITOUS PLAY." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/562.

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In modern computer games, `bots' - Intelligent realistic agents play a prominent role in success of a game in the market. Typically, bots are modeled using finite-state machine and then programmed via simple conditional statements which are hard-coded in bots logic. Since these bots have become quite predictable to an experienced games' player, a player might lose interest in the game. We propose the use of a game theoretic based learning rule called Fictitious Play for improving behavior of these computer game bots which will make them less predictable and hence, more enjoyable to a game player.
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Yuen, Jeanne Y. Y. "Computer Go-Muku." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64063.

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Caldwell, Nicholas Peter. "How civilized! : discourses in modernity and postmodernity in the computer strategy game /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16691.pdf.

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33

Walls, Richard. "Using Computer Games to Teach Social Studies." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-183039.

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This study investigates the effectiveness of two computer games as learning tools in comparison to established learning tools teaching two different topics in the course Social Studies 1b of the Swedish Upper Secondary School Curriculum. The use of computer games in education is placed in the context of changing ideas of the aims for education systems in the 21st Century with regard to student skills rather than content, including digital skills. The findings indicated that using these particular computer games as learning tools for these topics was at least as effective as the alternative, more established, lessons. Focus group discussions with students after the study lesson indicated a preference for variation in teaching methods and the desire for learning activities that require active student participation.
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Messing, Andreas, and Henrik Rönnholm. "Scalability of dynamic locomotion for computer games." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-166424.

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Dynamic locomotion in computer games is becomingmore common, but is still in its cradle. In this report weconduct an investigation into whether gait oscillators couldbe used as an in-game technique to generate dynamic locomotionin realtime. We tested this by using an industrialquality physics simulator to simulate a biped and aquadruped (humanoid and salamander) and measure quality,runtime and memory usage. The tests show that abiped need some balance system in order to walk indefinitely,while the salamander managed to walk properly withonly minor defects. Memory allows several thousands ofinstances while runtime allows up to a thousand instances.This leads to the conclusion that it is a cheap system, suitablewhere the quality is secondary to number of instances.
Dynamisk förflyttning i datorspel blir allt vanligare, menär fortfarande i sin vagga. I denna rapport genomför vi enutredning om ifall oscillatorer i form av ett CPG-systemkan användas som en spelteknik för att generera dynamiskrörelse i realtid. Vi testade detta genom att använda enfysiksimulator av industrikvalitet för att simulera en tvåfotingoch en fyrfoting (humanoid och salamander) och mätakvalitet, tidsåtgång och minnesanvändning . Försöken visaratt en tvåfoting behöver något sorts balanssystem för attgå längre sträckor, medan salamandern lyckades gå med endastmindre defekter. Minnet tillåter flera tusen instansermedan tidsåtgången tillåter upp till ett par hundra instanser.Detta leder till slutsatsen att det är ett billigt system lämpligtdär antalet instanser är viktigare än kvaliteten.
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Manzaneda, Martin. "Natural Language Interface Technology in Computer Games." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-166647.

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This project delivers the results of research about the implementation of natural language interfaces (NLIs) on computer games. We will study how to combine these concepts, making a small game and evaluating different methods to achieve this.
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Gunder, Anna. "Hyperworks : on digital literature and computer games /." Uppsala : Avd. för litteratursociologi vid Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen i Uppsala, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4517.

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37

Che, Pee Naim. "Computer games use in an educational system." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12297/.

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Teaching a subject which involves a long process and inter-related problems can sometimes be difficult through conventional classroom activities. This is particularly difficult at the UK Key Stage 3 (13-14 years) where students are only beginning to understand the processes of reason. Often what the teacher would like to encourage is group discussion but for many reasons, young students may be reluctant to put forward ideas in a conventional classroom setting. An area where this becomes less of a problem is once they get involved in playing a game together. In addition to this certain subjects are difficult to teach because they involve complex interactions that are largely outside the general knowledge of young students. An example of this is the issue of human contributions to climate change. The subject is one of recent heated debate, much of which involves complex arguments on the relationship between the natural contribution to climate variation and those produced by human beings. In the work reported here a computer game has been developed which tries to incorporate the various processes involved in a realistic way. In principle this game can be used individually. However, it also provides the opportunity for generating group discussion and reasoning processes. The game which has been developed uses a non-player character which is controlled by the teacher. The game is played in a networked environment with a number of teams of two players each trying to provide solutions to a complex climate issue. The non player character is able to monitor the performance of the different teams and provide feedback that will be of a more realistic/less predictable nature. This thesis addresses the design and the implementation of the game as a tool for teaching and learning purposes for learning about the human contribution to climate change. Three experiments have been done using this computer game to investigate the effectiveness of game-based learning towards tackling these issues. The first two studies were carried out in the UK while the third study was carried out in Malaysia to investigate educational cultural background. The initial study involved two groups of Key Stage 3 children in a Geography class. The study was undertaken in the normal teaching sequence. The children were divided into pairs during game-play and each session lasted about one hour. The behaviour of the whole group and individual teams was monitored throughout the game-play. Analysis of this shows that the game not only allowed the students to investigate the science but also to communicate with each other during the process. Overall, it is felt that by introducing an environment with which they were sufficiently familiar (playing a game together) the normal inhibitions to communication were removed. The control based experiment reinforced these findings.
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Frazer, Alex. "Towards better gameplay in educational computer games." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2010. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/172421/.

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There is currently a notable amount of research suggesting that educators should use computer games as part of their teaching. Most of this research suggests why games should be used choosing very specific example games, or making broad sweeping statements about gaming as a whole. But very little of the research explains how these games should be used. What features should be present in the game? Do these features change depending on a given learning outcome? Do they change depending on the type of game? This thesis begins by compiling a prospective set of required features for an educational game, taken from literature on Learning Environments, as well as the requirements of different learning styles. This requirement set is cross-referenced with an overview of some typical, commercially available games, to show that such games are capable of meeting these requirements. This preliminary list is used in two investigations: the first explores how well the chosen features are offered by a series of current educational mini-games; the second shows how different requirements are offered by different commercially-available computer game genres. The results of these investigations are used to refine the list, before carrying out a user survey to identify the important features offered by different game genres, and to determine whether game quality improves as more of the features are met. The survey results show that some key requirements separate the genres significantly, while others were consistent across all genres. In addition, there is a positive correlation between each feature offered, and the overall user enjoyment of the game. The thesis concludes with a proposed framework of game genres and features, to assist in the design and selection of games for a given educational scenario, as well as some suggestions for future work.
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Sundin, Olle. "Natural Language Content Generation for Computer Games." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för datavetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-165091.

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The demand for engaging and fresh game content is steadily increasing in the modern computer game industry. However, the manual process of game content creation is expensive and unscalable which has led to an increased use of Procedural Content Generation methods.In this thesis we explore the possibilities of combining Natural Language Generation with Procedural Content Generation methods to produce natural language game content for the computer game Crusader Kings II. We present several theoretical proposals for Natural Language Generation techniques suitable for Crusader Kings II. Furthermore, we propose, implement and evaluate a new method, MergeTree, that is a variation on the traditional NLG pipeline. The new method combines the existing softwares CoreNLP and SimpleNLG into a new pipeline architecture in order to rewrite existing surface texts. The MergeTree parser is an intermediate tool which creates a Text Specification for a given surface text. This allows for additional microplanning in order to generate linguistic variations of the existing surface texts.Fifty sentences from existing event descriptions in Crusader Kings II were given as input to the MergeTree parser, which could correctly handle 30% of the inputs. Additionally, 26% of the inputs caused minor errors which could be resolved with future development of the MergeTree method.
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40

Aziz, Haris. "Algorithmic and complexity aspects of simple coalitional games." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2009. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3113/.

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Simple coalitional games are a fundamental class of cooperative games and voting games which are used to model coalition formation, resource allocation and decision making in computer science, artificial intelligence and multiagent systems. Although simple coalitional games are well studied in the domain of game theory and social choice, their algorithmic and computational complexity aspects have received less attention till recently. The computational aspects of simple coalitional games are of increased importance as these games are used by computer scientists to model distributed settings. This thesis fits in the wider setting of the interplay between economics and computer science which has led to the development of algorithmic game theory and computational social choice. A unified view of the computational aspects of simple coalitional games is presented here for the first time. Certain complexity results also apply to other coalitional games such as skill games and matching games. The following issues are given special consideration: influence of players, limit and complexity of manipulations in the coalitional games and complexity of resource allocation on networks. The complexity of comparison of influence between players in simple games is characterized. The simple games considered are represented by winning coalitions, minimal winning coalitions, weighted voting games or multiple weighted voting games. A comprehensive classification of weighted voting games which can be solved in polynomial time is presented. An efficient algorithm which uses generating functions and interpolation to compute an integer weight vector for target power indices is proposed. Voting theory, especially the Penrose Square Root Law, is used to investigate the fairness of a real life voting model. Computational complexity of manipulation in social choice protocols can determine whether manipulation is computationally feasible or not. The computational complexity and bounds of manipulation are considered from various angles including control, false-name manipulation and bribery. Moreover, the computational complexity of computing various cooperative game solutions of simple games in dierent representations is studied. Certain structural results regarding least core payos extend to the general monotone cooperative game. The thesis also studies a coalitional game called the spanning connectivity game. It is proved that whereas computing the Banzhaf values and Shapley-Shubik indices of such games is #P-complete, there is a polynomial time combinatorial algorithm to compute the nucleolus. The results have interesting significance for optimal strategies for the wiretapping game which is a noncooperative game defined on a network.
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Can, Gulfidan. "Perceptions Of Prospective Computer Teachers Toward The Use Of Computer Games With Educational Features In Education." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1117845/index.pdf.

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This study investigates the perceptions of prospective computer teachers, who have been studying at the Computer Education and Instructional Technology (CEIT) departments of four different universities, toward the use of computer games with educational features in education. It also examines the future plans of the participants regarding the use of computer games with educational features in their courses or in learning environments that they will design and it explores the participants&rsquo
computer game playing characteristics as well. The subjects of this study were 116 students from the Computer Education and Instructional Technology departments of four universities: Ankara, Gazi, Hacettepe and the Middle East Technical University. The data were collected through a questionnaire and interviews. The data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis methods. This study reveals that the prospective computer teachers who participated in this study have positive perceptions toward the use of computer games with educational features in education. Moreover, most of the participants plan to use such games in their future professions according to their responses. However, it is revealed that participants also have doubts about some issues regarding the use of such games in education, although this is a rare case.
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42

Sisarica, Anja. "Creativity support in games for motivated learning." Thesis, City University London, 2015. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/14543/.

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A natural extension of play for creative thinking can innovatively drive technology-led changes to the facilitation of creative problem solving, and generate a new genre in serious gaming. Whilst the use of serious games has grown considerably in recent years, support for players to think creatively is often implicit in the game, and does not exploit the wide range of creativity techniques and software tools available. The work reported in this thesis is the first to explicitly integrate creativity support into serious games. The results show that creative serious games can systematically support acquisition of creativity skills, generation of creative learning outcomes, and induction of motivational and learning benefits amongst the players. Therefore, this thesis introduces the concept of explicit creativity support in serious games, with a focus on games for motivated learning in adult professional setting, and reports formative and summative evaluations of new prototype games for this setting, in order to instantiate, refine and validate the concept. The creative learning objective of the prototype games was to train carers in creativity techniques to deliver more person-centred care to people with dementia. The findings are delivered in the form of a new framework, which proposes recommendations for the design and understanding of creative serious games. Four formative evaluations of three prototypes of creative serious games with carers provided results that led to refinements of the framework and the design of more usable and effective games. A subsequent summative evaluation partially validated the framework, delivering both a framework and prototype creative serious game that demonstrated the potential to improve person-centred dementia care training. The thesis provides a proof-of-concept of the value of creative serious games, and shows the potential for the framework to be applied and have impact on other application domains.
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Abdulazeez, S. "Dynamic load balancing for massively multiplayer online games." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2018. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/7864/.

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In recent years, there has been an important growth of online gaming. Today’s Massively Multiplayer Online Games (MMOGs) can contain millions of synchronous players scattered across the world and participating with each other within a single shared game. Traditional Client/Server architectures of MMOGs exhibit different problems in scalability, reliability, and latency, as well as the cost of adding new servers when demand is too high. P2P architecture provides considerable support for scalability of MMOGs. It also achieves good response times by supporting direct connections between players. This thesis proposes a novel hybrid Peer-to-Peer architecture for MMOGs and a new dynamic load balancing for massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs) based this hybrid Peer-to-Peer architecture. We have divided the game world space into several regions. Each region in the game world space is controlled and managed by using both a super-peer and a clone-super-peer. The region's super-peer is responsible for distributing the game update among the players inside the region, as well as managing the game communications between the players. However, the clone-super-peer is responsible for controlling the players' migration from one region to another, in addition to be the super-peer of the region when the super-peer leaves the game. In this thesis, we have designed and simulated a static and dynamic Area of Interest Management (AoIM) for MMOGs based on both architectures hybrid P2P and client-server with the possibility of players to move from one region to another. In this thesis also, we have designed and evaluated the static and dynamic load balancing for MMOGs based on hybrid P2P architecture. We have used OPNET Modeler 18.0 to simulate and evaluate the proposed system, especially standard applications, custom applications, TDMA and RX Group. Our dynamic load balancer is responsible for distributing the load among the regions in the game world space. The position of the load balancer is located between the game server and the regions. The results, following extensive experiments, show that low delay and higher traffic communication can be achieved using both of hybrid P2P architecture, static and dynamic AoIM, dynamic load balancing for MMOGs based on hybrid P2P system.
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44

Moser, Robert B. Computer Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "A methodology for the design of educational computer adventure games." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Computer Science and Engineering, 2000. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18613.

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This work undertakes a systematic study of various elements from differing fields which apply to the construction of computer-aided instructional systems. Drawing upon these works, the potential for instruction in computer adventure games is recognised, and previous work in the area analysed with respect to the theoretical findings. Based both on this theory and the germane advice of practicing game designers, a methodology for the design of educational computer adventure games is laid out in detail. The method described is then used to construct a sample game with basic programming skills as the pedagogical content, and this sample game is tested and the results examined. An informed approach to the design of computer-assisted instruction must begin with an understanding of how people acquire and store new information or skills. Cognitive psychology provides a number of conflicting models of the human information processing system, but these differing theories have a common basis which can be exploited in an attempt to make material more accessible. Instructional design describes a methodology for the analysis of pedagogical goals and demonstrates methods of learning support which can and should be incorporated into the new setting. In this field also is a judgement of different media, including computers, and their ability to provide the necessary elements of learning. By understanding the strengths and weaknesses of the medium the limits of what is possible within it can be catered to, and its failings augmented with supplemental materials. Both educational psychology and instructional design indicate benefits to learning from a correctly motivated learner, and the theory of engagement is therefore also scrutinised for elements helpful to the educational designer. The convergence of the knowledge gleaned from these various fields leads to one possible match to the desired criteria for computer-mediated instruction; the computerised fantasy adventure game. This being the case, other work in the field is examined for relevance, and it is found that a detailed methodology for the construction of such games does not exist. Existing material is combined with the aforementioned theoretical work and a survey of what is known about practical game design to create such a framework. It is proposed that through its use the systematic inclusion of educational content in an engaging environment will be facilitated. The hypothesis is examined, and an action research approach found to be called for. As such, the proposed methodology is used to create a sample game, and the process of its design used to inform the proposed methodology. The final form is described in detail, and the process of its application to the sample game elucidated. A prototype of the game is used with a number of test subjects to evaluate the game?s level of success at both engagement and the imparting of content material.
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45

Chan, Siu Man. "Pebble Games and Complexity." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3593787.

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We study the connection between pebble games and complexity.

First, we derive complexity results using pebble games. It is shown that three pebble games used for studying computational complexity are equivalent: namely, the two-person pebble game of Dymond-Tompa, the two-person pebble game of Raz-McKenzie, and the one-person reversible pebble game of Bennett have the same pebble costs over any directed acyclic graph. The three pebble games have been used for studying parallel complexity and for proving lower bounds under restricted settings, and we show one more such lower bound on circuit-depth.

Second, the pebble costs are applied to proof complexity. Concerning a family of unsatisfiable CNFs called pebbling contradictions, the pebble cost in any of the pebble games controls the scaling of some parameters of resolution refutations. Namely, the pebble cost controls the minimum depth of resolution refutations and the minimum size of tree-like resolution refutations.

Finally, we study the space complexity of computing the pebble costs and of computing the minimum depth of resolution refutations. It is PSPACE-complete to compute the pebble cost in any of the three pebble games, and to compute the minimum depth of resolution refutations.

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Patel, Purvag. "Improving Computer Game Bots' behavior using Q-Learning." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1966544161&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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47

Kimmel, Jason. "Simple Games on Networks." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1307994412.

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Miles, Jonathan David. "Machine Learning for Adaptive Computer Game Opponents." The University of Waikato, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2779.

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This thesis investigates the use of machine learning techniques in computer games to create a computer player that adapts to its opponent's game-play. This includes first confirming that machine learning algorithms can be integrated into a modern computer game without have a detrimental effect on game performance, then experimenting with different machine learning techniques to maximize the computer player's performance. Experiments use three machine learning techniques; static prediction models, continuous learning, and reinforcement learning. Static models show the highest initial performance but are not able to beat a simple opponent. Continuous learning is able to improve the performance achieved with static models but the rate of improvement drops over time and the computer player is still unable to beat the opponent. Reinforcement learning methods have the highest rate of improvement but the lowest initial performance. This limits the effectiveness of reinforcement learning because a large number of episodes are required before performance becomes sufficient to match the opponent.
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Liebe, Michael. "There is no magic circle : on the difference between computer games and traditional games." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2459/.

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This text compares the special characteristics of the game space in computer-generated environments with that in non-computerized playing-situations. Herewith, the concept of the magic circle as a deliberately delineated playing sphere with specific rules to be upheld by the players, is challenged. Yet, computer games also provide a virtual playing environment containing the rules of the game as well as the various action possibilities. But both the hardware and software facilitate the player’s actions rather than constraining them. This makes computer games fundamentally different: in contrast to traditional game spaces or limits, the computer-generated environment does not rely on the awareness of the player in upholding these rules. – Thus, there is no magic circle.
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Pohl, Kirsten. "Ethical reflection and emotional involvement in computer games." Universität Potsdam, 2008. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/2465/.

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This paper focuses on the way computer games refer to the context of their formation and ask how they might stimulate the user’s understanding of the world around him. The central question is: Do computer games have the potential to inspire our reflection about moral and ethical issues? And if so, by which means do they achieve this? Drawing on concepts of the ethical criticism in literary studies as proposed by Wayne C. Booth and Martha Nussbaum, I will argue in favor of an ethical criticism for computer games. Two aspects will be brought into focus: the ethical reflection in the artifact as a whole, and the recipient’s emotional involvement. The paper aims at evaluating the interaction of game content and game structure in order to give an adequate insight into the way computer games function and affect us.
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