Relevant bibliographies by topics / Computer-assisted composition

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Computer-assisted composition'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 26 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Computer-assisted composition"

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Williams, Noel. "Computer assisted composition." Intelligent Tutoring Media 3, no. 2-3 (May 1992): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14626269209408308.

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Winsor, Phil. "Patt_Proc1: A Computer-Assisted Composition Program." Leonardo. Supplemental Issue 1 (1988): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1557930.

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Laurson, Mikael, and Mika Kuuskankare. "Two Computer-Assisted Composition Case Studies." Contemporary Music Review 28, no. 2 (April 2009): 193–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07494460903322471.

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Cope, David. "An Expert System for Computer-Assisted Composition." Computer Music Journal 11, no. 4 (1987): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3680238.

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Harvey, T. Edward. "Computer-Assisted Spanish-Composition Instruction Survey—1986." CALICO Journal 4, no. 2 (January 14, 2013): 55–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/cj.v4i2.55-67.

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This study reports on a survey of Spanish instructors' views on the use of computers in Spanish composition instruction. Data are reported for 208 (from a total of 1,678) full-time instructional faculty at universities, two-year colleges, and high schools across the nation. Most respondents taught one-semester courses whose enrollment sizes were increasing. Text use for the majority of programs is three years or less. This corresponds to the advent of process-model texts. Apples and IBM-PCs predominate among the hardware available. The lack of foreign-character support remains the major frustration reported. Essay analyzers are new to nearly everyone. There is mixed opinion about the real versus the expected benefits of using word processors as part of composition instruction. However, the time appears right for a paradigm shift and curriculum definition to include computer-assisted composition instruction.
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Jones, Kevin. "Generative models in computer-assisted musical composition." Contemporary Music Review 3, no. 1 (January 1989): 177–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07494468900640121.

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Lee, John, Ying Cheuk Hui, and Yin Hei Kong. "Knowledge-rich, computer-assisted composition of Chinese couplets." Digital Scholarship in the Humanities 31, no. 1 (October 10, 2014): 152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqu052.

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Rosenwasser, George O. D., and James S. Tiedeman. "Computer-Assisted Composition and Reproduction of Ophthalmic Documentation." American Journal of Ophthalmology 99, no. 6 (June 1985): 711–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9394(14)76042-8.

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Assayag, Gérard, Camilo Rueda, Mikael Laurson, Carlos Agon, and Olivier Delerue. "Computer-Assisted Composition at IRCAM: From PatchWork to OpenMusic." Computer Music Journal 23, no. 3 (September 1999): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/014892699559896.

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CourtotFrancisCourtot, Francis. "CARLA: Knowledge acquisition and induction for computer assisted composition." Interface 21, no. 3-4 (January 1992): 191–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09298219208570608.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Computer-assisted composition"

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Engle, James Blaine. "A computer-assisted tree-ring chronology composition system." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291685.

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The design and implementation of a computer-assisted tree-ring chronology composition system for dendrochronology is described in this thesis. Methods for tree-ring growth sequence pattern matching, hierarchical composition of master chronologies, and analytical quality control are discussed in detail and systematically implemented in the CROSSDATE program in a highly visual, graphic environment. The objective of this work is to provide dendrochronologists with a robust set of tools for comparing the relative growth patterns of tree-ring samples for purposes of dating the samples and composing new master chronologies from individual tree-ring samples and other master chronologies. This system is complementary to the TREES program, a computer-vision based tree-ring identification and measurement system developed at the University of Arizona.
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Kerr, Thorin. "Performing composition : developing a computer assisted composition system through live coding performance." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/32175/1/Thorin_Kerr_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis maps the author's journey from a music composition practice to a composition and performance practice. The work involves the development of a software library for the purpose of encapsulating compositional ideas in software, and realising these ideas in performance through a live coding computer music practice. The thesis examines what artistic practice emerges through live coding and software development, and does this permit a blurring between the activities of music composition and performance. The role that software design plays in affecting musical outcomes is considered to gain an insight into how software development contributes to artistic development. The relationship between music composition and performance is also examined to identify the means by which engaging in live coding and software development can bring these activities together. The thesis, situated within the discourse of practice led research, documents a journey which uses the experience of software development and performance as a means to guide the direction of the research. The journey serves as an experiment for the author in engaging an hitherto unfamiliar musical practice, and as a roadmap for others seeking to modify or broaden their artistic practice.
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Roble, Douglas Raymond. "Computer assisted three dimensional rotoscoping for realistic image composition." Connect to resource, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1194555873.

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Hoover, Amy K. "Functional Scaffolding for Musical Composition: A New Approach in Computer-Assisted Music Composition." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2014. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6290.

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While it is important for systems intended to enhance musical creativity to define and explore musical ideas conceived by individual users, many limit musical freedom by focusing on maintaining musical structure, thereby impeding the user's freedom to explore his or her individual style. This dissertation presents a comprehensive body of work that introduces a new musical representation that allows users to explore a space of musical rules that are created from their own melodies. This representation, called functional scaffolding for musical composition (FSMC), exploits a simple yet powerful property of multipart compositions: The pattern of notes and rhythms in different instrumental parts of the same song are functionally related. That is, in principle, one part can be expressed as a function of another. Music in FSMC is represented accordingly as a functional relationship between an existing human composition, or scaffold, and an additional generated voice. This relationship is encoded by a type of artificial neural network called a compositional pattern producing network (CPPN). A human user without any musical expertise can then explore how these additional generated voices should relate to the scaffold through an interactive evolutionary process akin to animal breeding. The utility of this insight is validated by two implementations of FSMC called NEAT Drummer and MaestroGenesis, that respectively help users tailor drum patterns and complete multipart arrangements from as little as a single original monophonic track. The five major contributions of this work address the overarching hypothesis in this dissertation that functional relationships alone, rather than specialized music theory, are sufficient for generating plausible additional voices. First, to validate FSMC and determine whether plausible generated voices result from the human-composed scaffold or intrinsic properties of the CPPN, drum patterns are created with NEAT Drummer to accompany several different polyphonic pieces. Extending the FSMC approach to generate pitched voices, the second contribution reinforces the importance of functional transformations through quality assessments that indicate that some partially FSMC-generated pieces are indistinguishable from those that are fully human. While the third contribution focuses on constructing and exploring a space of plausible voices with MaestroGenesis, the fourth presents results from a two-year study where students discuss their creative experience with the program. Finally, the fifth contribution is a plugin for MaestroGenesis called MaestroGenesis Voice (MG-V) that provides users a more natural way to incorporate MaestroGenesis in their creative endeavors by allowing scaffold creation through the human voice. Together, the chapters in this dissertation constitute a comprehensive approach to assisted music generation, enabling creativity without the need for musical expertise.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
Computer Science
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Chen, Chi Wai, and cwchen@ied edu hk. "The creative process of computer-assisted composition and multimedia composition - visual images and music." RMIT University. Education, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080107.115525.

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This research study investigates how music technology can enhance and develop the musical ideas of students, focusing on the creative processes involved in computer-assisted composition and multimedia composition. The study investigates the Creative Multimedia Music Project, a module of the Associate of Arts (Music) Degree where students are using computers as music workstations. The aims of the study are (a) to evaluate the use of music technology for composing; (b) to describe the creative process of composing and investigate how the students comprehend this; and (c) to analyze the relationship between the creative process of the musical treatment and the visual image in multimedia composition. The study is conducted in an exploratory, self-directed environment where the students make musical decisions about their compositions. From the preliminary survey, 10 out of 45 music-major students (Year Two) from the Associate Degree Music Program at the Hong Kong Institute of Education (HKIEd) were selected. Composition activities took place over 15 sessions. The first phase focused on computer-assisted composition and the second phase focused on multimedia composition. The students attended lectures on alternate weeks. This gave them enough time to compose in the laboratory or at home, allowing them to explore, make decisions, and evaluate decisions. Data were collected from four sources: (1) written reports including a musical analysis of the creative process, (2) one-to-one interviews conducted during and after the creative process (15 questions were asked in each phase), (3) self-reflective journals that students maintained during their creative process, and (4) MIDI file observations after the creative process had occurred. After data collection, commonalities between each of these data sources were analyzed. This highlighted that during the creative process, a developmental pattern emerged that extends Webster's model (2003) of creative thinking in music. The relationships between the findings and the lite rature review were articulated to reinforce the creative thinking model, trends, and perspectives from different sources. Through an analysis of these students' creative processes and the strategies they adopted while composing with music technology, research projects such as this one may provide composers, music technologists, and music educators with insights into how students approach the task of composing using music technology. The findings might prove as a useful guidance to music educators on how to structure computer-assisted composition and multimedia composition programs for different age groups from school to university.
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Patten, John Joseph. "Computer assisted assessment and computer assisted portfolio development in a whole language classroom." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1994. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/861.

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Potter, Kristine Louise. "Writing, computers, and rhetorical situations: A composition odyssey." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1876.

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This thesis, an autoethnography, explores my own, personal experiences using technology in various writing situations: my writing process, collaborative publishing, my M.A. internship, online tutoring, and my first experience teaching college English composition in a computer classroom.
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Gardner, Michael Robert. "An expert writing model for story composition." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1991. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/28306.

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First the thesis reviews the development of Intelligent Computer Assisted Instruction (ICAI) systems by outlining the different ways that computers have been used in education followed by a description of the functionality of ICAI systems in terms of the Hartley-Sleeman model of classification. This is followed by a discussion of the skills required within writing and their pedagogical context. The different strategies that have been applied to computer supported composition are then discussed with examples of systems where appropriate.
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Fealy, Irina. ""Is it really a natural fit?": The construction of "technology" in composition studies." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2831.

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This thesis analyzes two popular computer assisted instruction teaching platforms: Daedalus Integrated Writing Environment (DIWE) and Blackboard (BB). The major focus of the exploration is to find out whether or not these programs are really a "natural fit" with the high expectations of new rhetoric compositionists.
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Armetta, Jill. "An epistemological study wiki in the composition class /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1402169541&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Books on the topic "Computer-assisted composition"

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Winsor, Phil. Computer-assisted music composition: A primer in BASIC. Princeton, N.J: Petrocelli Books, 1987.

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Selfe, Cynthia L. Computer-assisted instruction in composition: Create your own. Urbana, Ill: National Council of Teachers of English, 1986.

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Leong, Samuel. Using the computer in music education: An introduction for the complete novice. Nedlands, W.A: CIRCME, 1995.

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Clark, W. J. Effect of a computer assisted instruction program on aboriginal student achievement. [Brandon, Man.]: Rural Development Institute, Brandon University, 1996.

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Holdstein, Deborah H. On composition and computers. New York: Modern Language Association of America, 1987.

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D, Smith Allison, and Smith Trixie G, eds. Writing and the iGeneration: Composition in the computer-mediated classroom. Southlake, Tex: Fountainhead Press, 2008.

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Pennington, Martha Carswell. The computer and the non-native writer: A natural partnership. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, 1996.

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J, Rodrigues Raymond. The computer-writing book. Cincinnati: South-Western Pub. Co., 1992.

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Inside multimodal composition. Cresskill, NJ: Hampton Press, 2011.

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Sabourin, Conrad. Computer assisted language teaching: Teaching vocabulary, grammar, spelling, writing, composition, listening, speaking, translation, foreign languages, text composition aids, error detection and correction, readability analysis : bibliography. Montréal: Infolingua, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Computer-assisted composition"

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Kuuskankare, Mika. "Enriched Score Access for Computer Assisted Composition in PWGL." In Mathematics and Computation in Music, 362–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21590-2_34.

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Gersonde, K. "T2-Selective Proton Imaging: Representation of Functional States and Molecular Composition of Tissues." In Computer Assisted Radiology / Computergestützte Radiologie, 3–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52247-5_1.

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Gu, Ran, Jingyang Zhang, Rui Huang, Wenhui Lei, Guotai Wang, and Shaoting Zhang. "Domain Composition and Attention for Unseen-Domain Generalizable Medical Image Segmentation." In Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2021, 241–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87199-4_23.

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Martínez–Rodríguez, Brian, and Vicente Liern. "Mercury $$^\mathrm{\textregistered }$$ : A Software Based on Fuzzy Clustering for Computer-Assisted Composition." In Mathematics and Computation in Music, 236–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21392-3_19.

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Papadopoulos, Alexandre, Pierre Roy, and François Pachet. "Assisted Lead Sheet Composition Using FlowComposer." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 769–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44953-1_48.

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Delpech, Estelle Maryline. "Morph-Compositional Translation: Methodological Framework." In Comparable Corpora and Computer-Assisted Translation, 99–121. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119002659.ch4.

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S., Kannadhasan, Nagarajan R., and Kanagaraj Venusamy. "Recent Trends in Nanomaterials." In Computer-Assisted Learning for Engaging Varying Aptitudes, 88–102. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5058-1.ch008.

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Nanoscience is the analysis of phenomena and material modification at the chemical, cellular, and macromolecular scales, where properties vary greatly from those at larger scales. Nanotechnologies are the regulation of form and size at the nanometer scale in the design, characterization, processing, and deployment of materials, components, and systems. The development of efficient methods for the synthesis of nanomaterials in a variety of sizes and chemical compositions is a hot topic in nanotechnology research. There have been many changes and modifications to the methods for producing metal nanoparticles that provide greater control over the scale, form, and other characteristics of the nanoparticles. These advancements have enabled researchers to investigate quantum confinement as well as other properties that are affected by scale, form, and composition.
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Giomi, Francesco, and Marco Ligabue. "Semiotic bases and computer assisted composition: Towards a cognitive model." In Musical Signification, edited by Eero Tarasti. Berlin, Boston: DE GRUYTER MOUTON, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110885187.355.

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Andrikopoulos, Dimitris, and Nuno Aroso. "Composer-Computer-Interpreter. A Three-way Collaborative Process to the Creation of Two New Works for Multipercussion." In ATHENA Research Book, Volume 1, 1–12. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.3.2022.1.

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Last decades we see a redefinition in the way of interaction between the performer and the composer, an interaction that led to the discovery of new paths of creative collaboration between parts. This article is a study of this relationship as presented in the works “Solo I” for multipercussion and “Solo for Two”, a duo for two multipercussion sets by Dimitris Andrikopoulos. We address, firstly, the collaborative process between the composer and the interpreters from the early stages of the creation of the works up to the moment of performance and recording of the pieces and how this process and collaborative attitude influenced basic parameters of the composition. Further, we address issues related to the generation of compositional material through algorithmic processes, material that was used in the creation of the pieces, itself a type of collaboration between the composer and the computer inside a Computer Assisted Composition environment.
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Klobucar, Andrew, and Megan O'Neill. "Reading and Collaboration." In Human-Computer Interaction and Technology Integration in Modern Society, 177–202. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5849-2.ch008.

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The introduction of digital media into university writing courses, while leading to innovative ideas on multimedia as a rhetorical enhancement means, has also resulted in profound changes in writing pedagogy at almost all levels of its theory and practice. Because traditional approaches to examining and discussing assigned texts in the classroom were developed to help students analyze different genres of print-based texts, many university educators find these methods prohibitively deficient when applied to digital reading environments. Even strategies in reading and text annotation need to be reconsidered methodologically in order to manage effectively the ongoing shift from print to digital or electronic media formats within first year composition. The current study proposes one of the first and most extensive attempts to analyze fully how students engage with digital modes of reading to demonstrate if and how students may benefit from reading digital texts using computer-assisted text analysis (CATA) software.
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Conference papers on the topic "Computer-assisted composition"

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Smirnov, Pavel A., and Sergey V. Ivanov. "Computer-Assisted Workflow Composition Based on Virtual Simulation Objects Technology." In 2015 IEEE 11th International Conference on e-Science (e-Science). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/escience.2015.55.

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Stensrud, Erik, Are Torstensen, Dag-Børre Lillestøl, and Kristian Klausen. "Towards Remote Inspections of FPSO's Using Drones Instrumented with Computer Vision and Hyperspectral Imaging." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/30939-ms.

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Abstract The Class Society DNV has performed production surveys in enclosed spaces using drones since 2016, demonstrating cost savings and increased personnel safety. The goal is to develop autonomous inspection drones to reduce the need to enter tanks and enable remote inspection. The vision is a drone that can fly by itself, track where it is, and spot rust and cracks, and measure steel thickness. We expect that drone-assisted remote inspection will reduce survey costs for the clients and be a major safety improvement for surveyors. Several drone capabilities are required to enable visual close-up inspection and non-destructive testing in enclosed, GPS-denied, and poorly lit environments. In this study, we report the most recent status from an ongoing research project, including several industry partners. We highlight technical challenges and preliminary results on drone navigation functionalities, computer vision for detection of cracks, and the use of hyperspectral imaging to detect and classify the chemical composition of coatings, rust, and other use cases.
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Hoh, Bernhard. "Quantitative Examination of Segregation in Slabs for the Production of Sour Service Linepipe." In 1996 1st International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1996-1821.

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Segregation is a major problem to be overcome by producers of HIC resistant steels. Primary segregation is an inherent and unavoidable feature of the solidification process. The constitutive relationship between solid and liquid stage determines microsegregation and it is influenced by the chemical composition of the steel and its cooling rate. Macrosegregation occurs when microsegregated liquids collect and shift through liquid flow. OREGON STEEL MILLS has conducted systematic measurements on pressure-cast slabs using a computer assisted micro analyzer. This microprobe measures element concentrations over a large area of the specimen. A statistical evaluation based on the frequency distribution of the concentrations forms the basis of a quantitative analysis. From this, characteristic parameters such as the segregation factor and maximum concentration can be derived. This paper discussed the influence of carbon on segregation structure and on segregation properties of manganese, and compares the results with those of continuously cast slabs.
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Rafaels, Karin, John Kerrigan, Noshir Langrana, and David Lin. "Molecular Modeling as a Visualization Tool in Design of DNA Crosslinked Polyacrylamide." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59930.

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Polymers such as polyacrylamide form a diverse class of biomaterials in use today. The experimental research performed by our group has demonstrated how a critical concentration of crosslinking DNA strands can lead to gel formation in the polyacrylamide. The removal or addition of DNA strands can reverse or significantly increase the stiffness and strength of the gel. DNA is a versatile material for the exploration of nanoscale structures because its hybridization chemistry is very specific. DNA crosslinked gels use end-modified DNA oligonucleotides in the gels. The ability to choose the base sequence in the DNA crosslinks offers an opportunity to engineer the nanoscale structure of this material. However, it is extremely difficult to visualize the sequence of events that occurs when DNA is crosslinked with polyacrylamide. Computer modeling is a tool that enables the researchers to study the structural aspects of the newly engineered DNA crosslinkers. In this study, polyacrylamide gel crosslinked with DNA has been assayed with respect to energy and size using AMBER 7.0 software [1]. Since DNA-crosslinked gels are likely to find a range of applications it is important to know how to tailor the gel composition for a particular application. It is also of interest to know what the composition is that would induce the greatest change in stiffness. The molecular models generated in AMBER survey the mechanical properties of the gel as a function of crosslinker density, polyacrylamide density, and crosslinker length. The structure of an equilibrium state is computed using an explicitly solvated model. Visual inspection of the model determines other mechanical properties of the gel and helps predict chemical interactions. A long-term goal of this work is to use computer assisted modeling techniques to guide the experiments, to predict linker stiffness, and to examine other mechanical properties of the DNA crosslinker.
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Kuuskankare, Mika. "Towards Real-time Score Analysis in PWGL." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Computação Musical. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sbcm.2021.19424.

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In this paper, we introduce an original approach to computerized music analysis within the graphical computer-assisted composition environment called PWGL. Our aim is to facilitate the realtime analysis of interactive scores written in common Western music notation. To this end, we have developed a novel library that allows us to analyze scores realized with the help of ENP (the graphical music notation module of PWGL), and to visualize the results of the analysis in realtime. ENP is extended to support the display of supplementary information that can be drawn on top of the score as an overlay. The analysis backend is realized with the help of our builtin musical scripting language based on pattern matching. The analysis results are presented directly as a part of the original score leveraging the extensible and interactive visualization capabilities of ENP. In this paper we describe the current state of the library and present, as a case study, a fully functional application allowing for the realtime analysis and display of voice leading errors according to the counterpoint rules developed mainly in the Renaissance and Baroque eras.
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Vermisso, Emmanouil. "Fragmented Layers of Design Thinking: Limitations and Opportunities of Neural Language Model-assisted processes for Design Creativity." In Design Computation Input/Output 2022. Design Computation, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47330/dcio.2022.mmlw2640.

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This paper offers insights about the otherwise limited NLM-driven methodologies, supporting an examination of design creativity following the ‘process’ approach. [Abraham 2018] Recent application of AI models which rely on natural language processing (semantic references) is increasingly popular because of their directness and ease-of-use. Neural Language Models (NLMs) like VQGAN+CLIP, DALL-E, MidJourney) offer promising results, [Rodrigues, et al. 2021] seemingly bypassing the need for expensive datasets and technical expertise. Naturally, such models are limited because they cannot capture the multimodal complexity of architectural thinking and human cognition in general [Penrose 1989]. Alternative approaches propose the combination of NLMs with other artificial neural networks (ANNs) i.e. StyleGAN; CycleGAN which are custom-trained on domain-specific data. [Bolojan, Vermisso and Yousif 2022] Architects seek to expand their agency within such AI-assisted processes by controling the input encoding, so they can subsequently convert the generated outcomes to 3D models fairly directly. Still, AI models of computer vision like NLMs and GANs offer 2-dimensional output, which requires extensive decoding into 3-dimensional format. While this may seem severely constraining, it presents a silver lining when it comes to furthering design creativity. Designers are asked to scrutinize their methods from a cognitive standpoint, because these methodologies not only encourage, but demand thorough interrogation of the design intentionality, the design decision making factors and qualification criteria. Text-to-image correlation, on which NLMs rely, and their 2-dimensional output, ensure that certain important considerations are not circumvented. Instead of obtaining a 3D model, multiple possible -fragmented- versions of it are separately implied. Often, ‘fake’ images generated by the ANNs promote contradictory inferences of space, which require further examination. The hidden opportunity within the limited format of AI models echo Neil Spiller’s comments about the advantage of drawing over animation techniques twenty years ago: “Enigma is a creative tool that allows designers to see bifurcated outcomes in their sketches and drawings; it plays on the inability of drawings to faithfully record the distinct placement and extent of architectural elements”. [Spiller 2001] Comparing animations to static drawings, Spiller praised the drawing’s ability to hold “…an imagined past and an imagined future”. ‘Reading’ these results involves the (human) disentanglement of high and low-level features and consciously allocating their corresponding qualities for curation. The process of evaluating ‘parts-to-whole’ visual relationships is noteworthy because it depends on shifting our attention away from certain features, and an unconscious binding of visual elements. [Dehaene 2014] The philosopher Alain wrote that “The art of paying attention, the great art,…supposes the art of not paying attention…the royal art”. [Dehaene 2021]. According to neuroscientists, the brain uses attention as an amplifier and selective filter, during one of the three major attention systems (Alerting; Orienting; Executive Attention). [Dehaene 2021] Orienting our attention addresses what we focus on and what we don’t. Suppressing the unwanted information, through interfering electrical waves, is useful for processing the object of attention. Considering the ANNs’ results at ‘Gestalt’ level, we can structure the AI-assisted process to ensure low-level features (composition) is retained while enhancing high-level (detail) features (Fig.1a).
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