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Hoh, See Min. "Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for CNC machine tools." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295120.
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Coxon, Andrew. "Computer aided analysis of paraspinal electromyography." Thesis, Teesside University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10149/301616.
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Back pain is responsible for British employees taking 5 million sick days per year. Low back pain (LBP) has a controversial aetiology, with 95% of cases caused by mechanical, non-pathological causes. Current medical treatment for mechanical LBP is an exercise regime designed to restore lumbar stability. Unfortunately this is often a painful process, and therefore difficult to complete. Electromyography (EMG) variables have been shown to be able to discriminate between subjects with and without mechanical LBP. If these variables could be shown to have discriminatory abilities before the actual onset of LBP they could be used to predict future episodes of LBP in currently otherwise asymptomatic individuals and allow the rehabilitation process to begin before the onset of symptoms. However a number of problems persist with EMG measurement. The test must be administered under closely controlled conditions in order to record clean signals, and interpretation of this data requires special tools and training. This thesis aims to make contributions in three main areas; Automated Analysis: Manual analysis of a large store of EMG raw data files is a time consuming process. If outcome variables that require manual interpretation are included this effect is magnified, with necessary questions being raised as to the accuracy and consistency levels that can be maintained. A successfully implemented automated system would reduce analysis time and improve confidence in the outcome variables recorded. Investigations will also be carried out into the addition of error detection and correction algorithms that could be performed during the analysis procedure. ECG Contamination Removal: Previous studies have identified ECG as a potential source of contamination of lumbar EMG signals. Compensation for this effect is non-trivial as the ECG frequencies overlap an area of interest in the EMG spectrum, and the ECG signal characteristics would change over a fatiguing EMG test. The Independent Component Analysis method will be used to attempt to extract and remove the ECG component of a recorded signal whilst preserving the underlying EMG data. If this is successful an analysis of the effect that removing ECG contamination has on EMG outcome variables will be presented. Colour Map Diagnostic Method: Colour maps are an excellent method of presenting a large amount of signal data to a researcher, and have been used to discriminate between LBP and non-LBP subjects. The usefulness of this diagnostic display too has been somewhat limited however by the difficulty in producing such maps. Investigations will be carried out into methods that will be able to quickly and accurately produce these colour maps to the same specification as earlier studies. Colour maps of subjects that did not report LBP at the time of testing, but who then did report LBP at their next presentation, will be examined to assess whether or not EMG colour maps can be used as a predictor for low back pain.
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Luther, Ilse. "Semen characteristics of free-ranging African elephants (Loxodonta africana) and Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum) using Computer-aided sperm analysis, Electron microscopy and Genomics as diagnostic tools." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5443.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe survival of free-ranging (in situ) African elephant and Southern white rhinoceros populations are currently being challenged on a daily basis in Africa. Reproductive health is considered a vital component of species conservation. Conservation of the last mega land mammals may ultimately require intervention by breeding management or combined with assisted reproductive technologies (ART). There is a strong case for gathering baseline information, both physiological and biological, of any species, as opportunities arise. During this study a total number of 21 ejaculates collected over two seasons from 12 free-ranging African elephant bulls were characterised, as well as 10 ejaculates collected from 10 free-ranging Southern white rhinoceros bulls from two populations. Ejaculates were collected from adult bulls by means of electroejaculation under anaesthesia. Routine semen analysis was combined with Computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA), Computer-aided sperm morphology analysis (CASMA), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Genomics as diagnostic tools. Additionally, sperm functionality within different media was investigated and sperm subpopulation classification according to the motion pattern displayed. The results presented is based on the evaluation and classification of ≈ 45 000 individual African elephant spermatozoa and ≈ 18 000 individual Southern white rhinoceros spermatozoa. The average elephant ejaculate contained a total number of 47 x 10⁹ spermatozoa (volume of 56 ± 38mL x concentration of 818 ± 750 x 10⁶/mL) that recorded a total motility of 81 ± 29% of which 62 ± 26% were progressively motile. CASA recorded velocities for curvilinear velocity (VCL 241 ± 58μm/s), straight-line velocity (VSL 173 ± 181μm/s) and average path velocity (VAP 201 ± 54μm/s), and kinematics at straightness of track (STR 86 ± 85%), linearity of track (LIN 67 ± 16%), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH 4 ± 0.75μm) and beat cross frequency (BCF 21 ± 3Hz). Structural analysis revealed 68 ± 11% of the spermatozoa were viable (intact plasma membrane) and 77 ± 11% maintained acrosome integrity. Ejaculates contained 55 ± 14% morphologically normal spermatozoa, CASMA measured sperm head lengths at 6.83 ± 0.26μm and width 3.32 ± 0.18μm (total head area of 20.17 ± 1.96μm²) of which 38.95 ± 0.92% is covered by an acrosomal cap. The average rhinoceros ejaculate contained a total number of 1.1 x 10⁹ spermatozoa (volume of 24 ± 24mL x concentration of 83 ± 96 x 10⁶/mL) that recorded a total motility at 82 ± 8% of which 28 ± 23% were progressively motile. CASA recorded velocities for VCL (85 ± 29μm/s), VSL (44 ± 25μm/s) and VAP (69 ± 30μm/s, and kinematics at STR (63 ± 14%), LIN (51 ± 16%), ALH (2 ± 0.16μm) and BCF (16 ± 6Hz). Structural analysis revealed 73 ± 10% of the spermatozoa were viable (intact plasma membrane) and 76 ± 4% maintained acrosome integrity. Ejaculates contained 62 ± 14% morphologically normal spermatozoa, CASMA measured sperm head lengths at 5.5 ± 0.17μm and width 2.9 ± 0.19μm (total head area of 14.8 ± 1.43μm²) of which 36.3 ± 0.59% is covered by an acrosomal cap. Based on a Boolean argument and CASA data exploration it was possible to derive elephant and rhinoceros CASA cut-off criteria to sort between activated and hyperactivated motile spermatozoa. For the genomic component of this study, the CatSper1 (Loxodonta africana) gene was identified,sequenced and verified in a free-ranging (natural) African elephant population. Multivariate analysis(MVA) was applied to examine the associations between the semen and sperm parameters and the traits they accounted for in this study. Our understanding of wildlife reproductive sciences can substantially progress as the analytical techniques applied and the combination thereof is expanded. This investigation presents a new set of comprehensive semen and sperm threshold values for future investigations.
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Borelli, João Eduardo. "Diagnóstico do estado de desgaste de ferramentas para o monitoramento de condições de usinagem de alto desempenho." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18133/tde-14112017-104229/.
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Durante o processo de usinagem, o conhecimento da temperatura é um dos fatores mais importante na análise do estado da ferramenta. Permite o controle dos fatores mais importantes que influenciam, no uso, na vida e no desgaste da ferramenta. A temperatura na região de contato entre a peça e a ferramenta é resultante do processo de remoção de material durante a operação de corte e é difícil de se obter uma vez que, ou a peça, ou a ferramenta estão em movimento. Uma maneira de se medir a temperatura nessa situação é detectando a radiação de infravermelho. Este trabalho tem objetivo de apresentar uma nova metodologia de diagnóstico e monitoramento de operações de usinagem com o uso de imagens de infravermelho. A imagem de infravermelho fornece um mapa em tons de cinza da temperatura dos elementos participantes do processo: ferramenta, peça e cavaco. Cada tom de cinza na imagem corresponde a uma temperatura para cada material. A correspondência entre tons de cinza e a temperatura é dada pela prévia calibração da câmera de infravermelho para os materiais participantes do processo. O sistema desenvolvido neste trabalho usa uma câmera de infravermelho, uma frame grabber e um software composto por 3 módulos: o primeiro módulo faz a aquisição da imagem de infravermelho e o processamento; o segundo módulo faz a extração e o cálculo do vetor de características das imagens. Finalmente o terceiro módulo usa um algoritmo fuzzy e fornece como saída o diagnóstico do estado da ferramenta.During machining process the temperature knowledge is one of the most important factors in tool analysis. It allows to control main factors that influence tool use, life time and wear. The temperature in the contact area between the work piece and the tool is resulting from the material remova! in cutting operation and it is too difficult to be obtained because the tool, or the work piece is in motion. One way to measure the temperature in this situation is detecting the infrared radiation. This work presents a new methodology for diagnosis and monitoring of machining processes with the use of infrared images. The infrared image provides a map in gray tones of the elements temperature in the process: tool, work piece and chips. Each gray tone corresponds to a certain temperature for each one of those materials and the relationship between the gray tones and the temperature is goven by previous infrared camera calibration. The system developed in this work uses an infrared camera, a frame grabber board and a software composed by three modules. The first module provides the image acquisition and processing. The second one does the image feature extraction and calculates the feature vector. Finally, the third module uses fuzzy logic to evaluate the feature vector and to supply the tool state diagnostic as output.
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Elter, Matthias. "Computer-aided diagnosis of breast cancer." Tönning Lübeck Marburg Der Andere-Verl, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1001110773/04.
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Nakamura, Yoshihiko, Takayuki Kitasaka, Kensaku Mori, and Yasuhito Suenaga. "COMPUTER AIDED DIAGNOSIS FOR ABDOMINAL SURGICAL PLANNING." INTELLIGENT MEDIA INTEGRATION NAGOYA UNIVERSITY / COE, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10470.
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Malone, John Philip. "Computer-aided diagnosis of diffuse lung disease." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440143.
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Tembey, Mugdha. "Computer-Aided Diagnosis for Mammographic Microcalcification Clusters." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000168.
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PUTZU, LORENZO. "Computer aided diagnosis algorithms for digital microscopy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266877.
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Automatic analysis and information extraction from an image is still a highly chal-
lenging research problem in the computer vision area, attempting to describe the
image content with computational and mathematical techniques. Moreover the in-
formation extracted from the image should be meaningful and as most discrimi-
natory as possible, since it will be used to categorize its content according to the
analysed problem. In the Medical Imaging domain this issue is even more felt
because many important decisions that affect the patient care, depend on the use-
fulness of the information extracted from the image. Manage medical image is even
more complicated not only due to the importance of the problem, but also because
it needs a fair amount of prior medical knowledge to be able to represent with data
the visual information to which pathologist refer.
Today medical decisions that impact patient care rely on the results of laboratory
tests to a greater extent than ever before, due to the marked expansion in the number
and complexity of offered tests. These developments promise to improve the care of
patients, but the more increase the number and complexity of the tests, the more
increases the possibility to misapply and misinterpret the test themselves, leading
to inappropriate diagnosis and therapies. Moreover, with the increased number of
tests also the amount of data to be analysed increases, forcing pathologists to devote
much time to the analysis of the tests themselves rather than to patient care and
the prescription of the right therapy, especially considering that most of the tests
performed are just check up tests and most of the analysed samples come from
healthy patients.
Then, a quantitative evaluation of medical images is really essential to overcome
uncertainty and subjectivity, but also to greatly reduce the amount of data and
the timing for the analysis. In the last few years, many computer assisted diagno-
sis systems have been developed, attempting to mimic pathologists by extracting
features from the images. Image analysis involves complex algorithms to identify
and characterize cells or tissues using image pattern recognition technology. This
thesis addresses the main problems associated to the digital microscopy analysis
in histology and haematology diagnosis, with the development of algorithms for the
extraction of useful information from different digital images, but able to distinguish
different biological structures in the images themselves. The proposed methods not
only aim to improve the degree of accuracy of the analysis, and reducing time, if used as the only means of diagnoses, but also they can be used as intermediate tools
for skimming the number of samples to be analysed directly from the pathologist,
or as double check systems to verify the correct results of the automated facilities
used today.
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Mori, Kensaku. "Advances in Computer Aided Diagnosis and Computer Assisted Surgery." INTELLIGENT MEDIA INTEGRATION NAGOYA UNIVERSITY / COE, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10452.
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Feudjio, Kougoum Cyrille Désiré. "Segmentation of mammographic images for computer aided diagnosis." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10152/document.
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Les outils d’aide au diagnostic sont de nos jours au cœur de plusieurs protocoles cliniques car ils améliorent la qualité du diagnostic posé et des soins médicaux. Ce travail de recherche met en avant une architecture hiérarchique pour la conception d'un outil d'aide à la détection du cancer du sein robuste et performant. Il s’intéresse à la réduction des fausses alarmes en identifiant les régions potentiellement cancérogènes. La gamme dynamique des niveaux de gris des zones sombres est étirée pour améliorer le contraste entre la région du sein et l'arrière plan et permettre une meilleure extraction de celle-ci. Toutefois, le muscle pectoral demeure incrusté dans la région du sein et interfère avec l'analyse des tissus. Son extraction est à la fois difficile et complexe à mettre en œuvre à cause de son chevauchement avec les tissus denses du sein. Dans ces conditions, même en exploitant l'information spatiale pendant la clusterisation par un algorithme de fuzzy C-means ne produit pas toujours des résultats de segmentation pertinents. Pour s'affranchir de cette difficulté, une étape de validation suivie d'un ajustement de contour est mise sur pied pour détecter et corriger les imperfections de segmentation. La seconde étape est consacrée à la caractérisation de la densité des tissus. Pour faire face au problème de variabilité des distributions de niveaux de gris dans les classes de densités, nous introduisons une modification de contraste basée sur un transport optimisé de niveaux de gris. Grâce à cette technique, la surface relative de tissus denses estimée par simple segmentation est très fortement corrélée aux classes de densités issues d’un jeu de données étiquetéesComputer-aided diagnosis systems are currently at the heart of many clinical protocols since they significantly improve diagnosis making and therefore medical care. This research work therefore puts forward a hierarchical architecture for the design of a robust and efficient CAD tool for breast cancer detection. More precisely, it focuses on the reduction of false alarms rate through the identification of image regions of foremost interest i.e potential cancerous areas. The dynamic range of gray level intensities in dark regions is, first of all stretched to enhance the contrast between tissues and background and thus favors accurate breast region extraction. A second segmentation follows since pectoral muscle which regularly tampers breast tissue analysis remains inlaid in the foreground region. Extracting pectoral muscle tissues is both hard and challenging due to its overlap with dense tissues. In such conditions, even exploiting spatial information during the clustering process of the fuzzy C-means algorithm does not always produce a relevant segmentation. To overcome this difficulty, a new validation process followed by a refinement strategy is proposed to detect and correct the segmentation imperfections. The second macro-step is devoted to breast tissue density analysis. To address the variability in gray levels distributions with of mammographic density classes, we introduce an optimized gray level transport map for mammographic image contrast standardization. Thanks to this technique, dense region areas computed using simple thresholding are highly correlated to density classes from an annotated dataset
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GIANNINI, VALENTINA. "Computer Aided Diagnosis systems for MR cancer detection." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2496445.
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The research activity conducted during my PhD aims to develop two different Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems for breast and prostate cancer diagnosis using Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
During the first part of this thesis I will illustrate a fully automatic CAD system for breast cancer detection and diagnosis with Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) developed by our group. The main goal of a CAD system is lesions detection and characterization. The processing pipeline includes automatic segmentation of the breast and axillary regions, registration of unenhanced and contrast-enhanced frames, lesion detection and classification according to kinetic and morphological criteria. During my PhD I, firstly, studied the physiological phenomena correlated to breast tumors growth and diagnosis, then I elaborated and created C++ algorithms for:
1. breasts segmentation, where the breasts and axillary regions are automatically identified in order to reduce the computational burden and preventing false positives (FP) due to enhancing structures (such as the heart and extra-breast vessels) which are not of clinical interest.
2. lesion detection, in which suspicious areas showing contrast enhancement are automatically segmented and FPs are identified and discarded.
These step are innovative as they are fully automatic, thus they do not suffer of inter- and intra-operator variability, and because of the normalization process, based on the mammary arteries segmentation, that makes the system able to deal with images coming from different centers, thus having different acquisition parameters.
The second part of my thesis will concern the development of a CAD system for prostate cancer. The importance of this project is associated to the recent interest in adapting focal methods of tissue ablation, such as cryotherapy and Focused Ultrasound guided by MR (MRgFUS), to cure or control localized prostate cancer. Focal treatments rely on imaging to locate tumor, to determine the staging of disease, to detect recurrences and to guide the treatment. The aim of this part of my PhD was to create a multispectral computer aided diagnosis system able to: a) detect the tumor in order to guide real-time biopsy, b) characterize the malignancy of the lesion and c) guide the local treatment, by adopting a new multispectral approach. In this project I, actively, elaborated and
developed C++ algorithm to register different datasets and to monitor the focal treatment using Diffusion Weighted-MRI (DWI) self-made acquisitions.The registration between T2-w, DCE-MRI and DWI images are applied in order to correct for patients movements and DWI distortions. Results obtained within 19 patients showed a Dice’s overlap coefficient
higher than 0.7, considered optimal in literature. Monitoring the focal therapy was the aim of the last part of this project, that I actively
developed during a visiting period in the Radiological Science Laboratory of the Stanford University (Kim Butts Pauly Research Lab). The main goal was to characterize the role of the DWI during MRgFUS. DWI, in fact, is very sensitive to cell death and tissue damage and information can be used to evaluate the treatment without relocating the patient and
the applicators and without involving the administration of contrast agent. In this study, I wanted to assess the use of DWI images to estimate prostate tissue damage during HIFU ablation, by measuring diffusion coefficients of canine prostate pre and post ablation, using multiple b-factors ranging up to 3500 s/mm2 . This study demonstrated a bi-exponential decay of the signal increasing the b-values suggesting the presence of two different type of diffusion, called fast and slow.
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Austin, Nick Donnelly. "Tools for Computer-Aided Molecular and Mixture Design." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2017. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/894.
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This thesis explores mathematical optimization techniques to address the computeraided molecular and mixture design problems (CAMD/CAMxD). In particular, we leverage the power of mixed-integer linear programs (MILPs) to quickly and efficiently design over the massive chemical search space. These MILPs, when coupled with state-ofthe- art derivative-free optimization (DFO) methods, make for an efficient optimization strategy when designing mixtures of molecules or when considering a single molecule design problem that involves difficult thermodynamics or process models. In the first chapter, we provide a very general overview of the field of CAMD as addressed from the perspective of mathematical optimization. We discuss many relevant quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPRs) and provide constraints typically used in CAMD/CAMxD optimization problems. The second chapter introduces our DFO-based molecular/mixture design algorithm and describes how this approach enables a much greater molecular diversity to be considered in the search space as compared to traditional methods. Additionally, this chapter looks at a few case studies relevant to crystallization solvents and provides a detailed comparison of 27 different DFO algorithms for solving these problems. The third chapter introduces COSMO-RS/-SAC as alternatives to UNIFAC as the method used to capture mixture thermodynamics for a variety of CAMD/CAMxD problems. To fully incorporate COSMO-RS/-SAC into CAMD, we introduce group contribution (GC) methods for estimating a few necessary parameters for COSMO-based methods. We demonstrate the utility of COSMO-RS/-SAC in a few case studies for which UNIFAC-like methods are insufficient. In the fourth chapter, we investigate reaction solvent design using COSMO-based methods. COSMO-RS is particularly suitable for these problems as they allow for modeling of many relevant species in chemical reactions (transition states, charges, etc.) directly at the quantum level. This information can be immediately passed to the CAMD problem. We investigate a number of solvent design problems for a few difficult reactions. We summarize the work and provide a few future directions in the final chapter. Overall, this thesis serves to push the field of CAMD forward by introducing new methods to more efficiently explore the massive chemical search space and to enable a few new classes of problems which were previously untenable.
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Mostert, Pierre Frans. "Computer numerical controlled drilling machine interfaced to a computer aided design package." Thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 1996. http://dk.cput.ac.za/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1058&context=td_ptech.
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Hu, Yi. "Computer aided design tools for high performance DSP ASICS." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310187.
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Boyle, Timothy. "Computer tools to assist the diagnosis of dyspraxia." Thesis, University of Kent, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445717.
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Riha, Karel. "An investigation into computer-aided design of software." Thesis, Kingston University, 1987. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20512/.
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Manual software design methods suffer from many handicaps. As a result, the design documentation of software systems usually either does not exist, or is full of errors and out of date. Many software development, reliability, and maintainability problems reported in the literature can be traced to this state of affairs. The solution of these problems does not appear to lie in improved manual software design methods, but in the potentially much more "effective" computer-aided software design tools. This project set out to investigate how to aid the manual software design methods with a computer. A novel entity-relationship model for the software design specification was formulated and built into an interactive pilot software design tool. In spite of its simplicity, the model is capable of representing software structures from high-level architectural design to low-level detailed design. The tool stores the model entered by the user in a database. The model can then be inspected either on-line, or from printed documentation. The evaluation of the pilot tool, based on the feedback from the users, was favourable to the underlying model. However, many human-computer interface problems were identified. The effectiveness of software design tools was defined in terms of the designer productivity and the quality of the design documentation. An approach which consisted of repeated propositioning, implementation, and evaluation of modifications was then used to improve the effectiveness of the tool. A questionnaire was used to assess the opinion of the tool users more objectively, and an experiment was carried out to compare the effectiveness of the tool with a manual method. The results of this research have shown that the latest version of the tool is significantly more effective than the manual method.
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Hesketh, Richard Laurence. "User interface development and tailoring tools." Thesis, University of Kent, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304547.
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Oda, Masahiro, Takayuki Kitasaka, Kensaku Mori, and Yasuhito Suenaga. "DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER AIDED DIAGNOSIS SYSTEM FOR COLORECTAL CANCER BASED ON NAVIGATION DIAGNOSIS." INTELLIGENT MEDIA INTEGRATION NAGOYA UNIVERSITY / COE, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10473.
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Duchesne, Simon. "Computer aided diagnosis in temporal lobe epilepsy and Alzheimer's dementia." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100354.
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Computer aided diagnosis within neuroimaging must rely on advanced image processing techniques to detect and quantify subtle signal changes that may be surrogate indicators of disease state. This thesis proposes two such novel methodologies that are both based on large volumes of interest, are data driven, and use cross-sectional scans: appearance-based classification (ABC) and voxel-based classification (VBC).The concept of appearance in ABC represents the union of intensity and shape information extracted from magnetic resonance images (MRI). The classification method relies on a linear modeling of appearance features via principal components analysis, and comparison of the distribution of projection coordinates for the populations under study within a reference multidimensional appearance eigenspace. Classification is achieved using forward, stepwise linear discriminant analyses, in multiple cross-validated trials. In this work, the ABC methodology is shown to accurately lateralize the seizure focus in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), differentiate normal aging individuals from patients with either Alzheimer's dementia (AD) or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), and finally predict the progression of MCI patients to AD. These applications demonstrated that the ABC technique is robust to different signal changes due to two distinct pathologies, to low resolution data and motion artifacts, and to possible differences inherent to multi-site acquisition.
The VBC technique relies on voxel-based morphometry to identify regions of grey and white matter concentration differences between co-registered cohorts of individuals, and then on linear modeling of variables extracted from these regions. Classification is achieved using linear discriminant analyses within a multivariate space composed of voxel-based morphometry measures related to grey and white matter concentration, along with clinical variables of interest. VBC is shown to increase the accuracy of prediction of one-year clinical status from three to four out of five TLE patients having undergone selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy. These two techniques are shown to have the necessary potential to solve current problems in neurological research, assist clinical physicians with their decision-making process and influence positively patient management.
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Zhou, Yu. "Computer Aided Diagnosis of Melanoma - A Photometric Stereo Based Approach." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.524729.
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This thesis describes a new melanoma diagnosii:s framework based on photometric stereo - a linear and computationally efficient method for extracting 3D data. The primary goal of this thesis is to investigate texture analysis of skin, including 3D based techniques, to realize a relatively reliable and accurate diagnosis of melanoma. In this thesis, a novel semi-automatic segmentation algorithm based on the normalized cut is proposed at first to realize fast segmentatioID. of melanoma images. As classic normalized cut involves generalized eigenvalue decompositioru, it can be extremely slow in segmenting large skin images even if the results are usually very impressive. Here a hierarchical normalized cut is proposed to conduct fast segmentation of skim lesion images with final results as good as the classic normalized cut in most cases. In addition, a new border analysis framework called centroid distance diagram is formulated to describe the border irregularity of melanoma images. This Fourier transform based approach gives a series of border irregularity descriptors insensitive to tire scate and rotation of tire images. Descriptors generated by using this method are proved to be effective features in describing malignant melanomas. The relationship between classic convexity and centroid convexity of border curves is examined in detail and the non-centroid -convexity index is generated to measure the irregularity of border curves. Moreover, statistical principal curvature patterns of skin surfaces are formulated to describe 3D melanoma shapes. The principal curvatures of skin surfaces are extracted by using the normal vector data obtained from photometric stereo. A robust estimator of these curvature parameters is embedded in this algorithm by using Gaussian kernels. Finally, an ensemble classifier for melanoma diagnosis is formulated by combining classifiers designed with various 2D /3D descriptors, e.g., border irregularity descriptors, colour variation descriptors and 3D principal curvature pattern descriptors. Even when the performance of the classifier obtained from one single group of descriptors is relatively poor, the ensemble classifier can offer highly impressive performances. Two novel schemes for designing this ensemble I classifier are proposed and compared with other well-known ensemble classifier designing methods, including Boosting and majority voting. Experiment studies suggest that the method named Bayesian II gives the best mean sensitivity (91.08 percent) and the best consistency level of sensitivity while the mean specificity can achieve 90.89 percent. The present work thus makes a novel contribution to the existing methods for computer aided diagnosis of melanoma. However, there are still many intriguing directions for further research works such as enhancing the accuracy of 3D data, recognition of subtypes of melanoma, introducing other descriptors in diagnosis and so on.
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Tardy, Mickael. "Deep learning for computer-aided early diagnosis of breast cancer." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ECDN0035.
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Le cancer du sein est un des plus répandus chez la femme. Le dépistage systématique permet de baisser le taux de mortalité mais crée une charge de travail importante pour les professionnels de santé. Des outils d’aide au diagnostic sont conçus pour réduire ladite charge, mais un niveau de performance élevé est attendu. Les techniques d’apprentissage profond peuvent palier les limitations des algorithmes de traitement d’image traditionnel et apporter une véritable aide à la décision. Néanmoins, plusieurs verrous technologiques sont associés à l’apprentissage profond appliqué à l’imagerie du sein, tels que l’hétérogénéité et le déséquilibre de données, le manque d’annotations, ainsi que la haute résolution d’imagerie. Confrontés auxdits verrous, nous abordons la problématique d’aide au diagnostic de plusieurs angles et nous proposons plusieurs méthodes constituant un outil complet. Ainsi, nous proposons deux méthodes d’évaluation de densité du sein étant un des facteur de risque, une méthode de détection d’anormalités, une technique d’estimation d’incertitude d’un classifieur basé sur des réseaux neuronaux, et une méthode de transfert de connaissances depuis mammographie 2D vers l’imagerie de tomosynthèse. Nos méthodes contribuent notamment à l’état de l’art des méthodes d’apprentissage faible et ouvrent des nouvelles voies de rechercheBreast cancer has the highest incidence amongst women. Regular screening allows to reduce the mortality rate, but creates a heavy workload for clinicians. To reduce it, the computer-aided diagnosis tools are designed, but a high level of performances is expected. Deep learning techniques have a potential to overcome the limitations of the traditional image processing algorithms. Although several challenges come with the deep learning applied to breast imaging, including heterogeneous and unbalanced data, limited amount of annotations, and high resolution. Facing these challenges, we approach the problem from multiple angles and propose several methods integrated in complete solution. Hence, we propose two methods for the assessment of the breast density as one of the cancer development risk factors, a method for abnormality detection, a method for uncertainty estimation of a classifier, and a method of transfer knowledge from mammography to tomosynthesis. Our methods contribute to the state of the art of weakly supervised learning and open new paths for further research
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Koeslag, Anthony. "Computer aided diagnosis of miliary TB in chest X-rays." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5191.
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Includes bibliography.With the improvement in computer technology, Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) is becoming an increasingly more powerful tool for radiologists. The focus of this project was on CAD of pulmonary miliary tuberculosis. Several methods for enhancing lung textures were discussed as an aid to the radiologist in diagnosing miliary TB. Some statistical approaches and template matching methods were used to measure characteristics of both healthy and unhealthy (miliary TB) lung textures. These measurements were evaluated to see if a computer can be programmed to differentiate between lung texture from a healthy lung and lung texture from a lung with miliary TB.
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Manley, Gary W. "The classification and evaluation of Computer-Aided Software Engineering tools." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/34910.
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Approved for public release; distribution unlimited.The use of Computer-Aided Software Engineering (CASE) tools has been viewed as a remedy for the software development crisis by achieving improved productivity and system quality via the automation of all or part of the software engineering process. The proliferation and tremendous variety of tools available have stretched the understanding of experienced practitioners and has had a profound impact on the software engineering process itself. To understand what a tool does and compare it to similar tools is a formidable task given the existing diversity of functionality. This thesis investigates what tools are available, proposes a general classification scheme to assist those investigating tools to decide where a tool falls within the software engineering process and identifies a tool's capabilities and limitations. This thesis also provides guidance for the evaluation of a tool and evaluates three commercially available tools.
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Shen, Qiang. "Fuzzy qualitative simulation and diagnosis of continuous dynamic systems." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/829.
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Sarantinos, Michael G. "Mesh generation and visualisation tools for computational fluid dynamics." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7154.
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Cummings, Mary A. "The development of user interface tools for the Computer Aided Prototyping System." Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 1990. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA243189.
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Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, December 1990.Thesis Advisor(s): Luqi ; Barnes, Patrick D. "December 1990." Description based on title screen as viewed on March 29, 2010. DTIC Identifier(s): Prototypes, Software Engineering, Real Time, Man Computer Interface, Computer Architecture, User Manuals, Theses, CAPS (Computer Aided Prototyping System), Programming Manuals, Editing. Author(s) subject terms: Prototyping Language, User Interface, Rapid Prototyping, Graphic Editors, Computer Aided Design, Ada, User Interface Toolkit, Real-Time System. Includes bibliographical references (p. 327-329). Also available in print.
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Nagao, Jiro. "Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Alveolar Bone Resorption using Dental 3DCT Images." INTELLIGENT MEDIA INTEGRATION NAGOYA UNIVERSITY / COE, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10393.
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Gu, Yiqun. "A Bayesian system for computer-aided diagnosis without assuming conditional independence." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/1485.
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Xiao, Chun. "Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) of Parkinson‘s Disease with Machine Learning Models." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/21390.
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Parkinson‘s disease is a disorder of nervous system that mainly affects aged people. It is caused by the progressive degeneration of nerve cells in the brain, which results in a lack of dopamine necessary for controlled movements. As Parkinson‘s disease can not be cured, the early detection of Parkinson‘s disease is very helpful for a better management and care of patients, their families and the communities. This thesis reviewed the research status of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) diagnosis and extensive genetic association of PD issues, and proposed a key feature based machine learning strategy for PD classification tasks based on the open source database PPMI. In this thesis, a series of classification experiments were carried out, such that the set of single modality models were compared to a multiple modality model for PD diagnosis. Results of these experiments lead to a critical issue that more features for a diagnostic system seem to be necessary, but it should be verified if the more features are, the better the performance of a diagnostic system is. Therefore, a key feature classification strategy was proposed to explore the issue proposed above. At the first step, diagnostic features for PD classification are ranked by a decision tree model. This ranking procedure is then followed by a feeding procedure, in which a set of selected key features according to their importance ranking are fed into a machine learning model progressively, each time by feeding one more feature. This feeding procedure is iteratively processed until the performance reaches a local or global optimum. Based on the key feature classification strategy, an extensive investigation was carried out for the purpose to detect genetic association of PD. Results indicate that the proposed key feature based methodology leads to a more effective classification by a variety of machine learning models for PD diagnosis. The results presented in this thesis show that it is possible to conduct fewer key clinical examinations for PD diagnosis, or several conventional clinical examinations without expensive genetic sequencing studies to detect genetic associations to PD from other PD related categories successfully. The findings in this thesis have both social and economical values.
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Anderson, Lindsay Norman. "Assembly process development for commercial aircraft using computer-aided tolerance tools." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12720.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 1993 and Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 1993.Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-129).
by Lindsay Norman Anderson.
M.S.
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Eves, Keenan Louis. "A Comparative Analysis of Computer-Aided Collaborative Design Tools and Methods." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7253.
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Collaboration has always been critical to the success of new product development teams, and the advent of geographically dispersed teams has significantly altered the way that team members interact. Multi-user computer-aided design (MUCAD) and crowdsourcing are two results of efforts to enable collaboration between geographically dispersed individuals. In this research, a study was done to investigate the differences in performance between MUCAD and single-user CAD teams, in which teams competed to create the best model of a hand drill. This was done across a three-day period to recreate the scenario found in industry. It was found that MUCAD increases awareness of teammates' activities and increases communication between team members. Different sources of frustration for single-user and multi-user teams were identified, as well as differing patterns of modeling style. These findings demonstrate that MUCAD software has significant potential to improve team collaboration and performance. A second study explored a number of potentially significant factors in MUCAD team performance, including leadership, design style, unfamiliar parts, knowledge transfer, individual experience, and team composition. In this study, teams of undergraduate mechanical engineering students worked together to complete tasks using NXConnect, a MUCAD plugin for NX developed at Brigham Young University. A primary finding was that having an appointed leader for a MUCAD team improves performance, in particular when that leader works with the team in creating the CAD model. It was also found that creating a framework to aid in organizing and coordinating the creation of the CAD model may decrease the time required for completion. In the final study, the possibility of using crowdsourcing to complete complex product design tasks was explored. In this study, a process for crowdsourcing complex product design tasks was developed, as well as a website to act as the platform for testing this process. A crowd consisting of engineering and technology students then worked together on the website to design a frisbee tracking device. The crowd was able to collaborate to accomplish some detailed product design tasks, but was not able to develop a complete product. Major findings include the need for more formal leadership and crowd organization, the need for better decision making mechanisms, and the need for a better model for engaging crowd members on a consistent basis. It was also found that crowd members had a greater willingness to pay for the product they developed than individuals who had not worked on the project. Results also show that although crowd members were often frustrated with the collaboration process, they enjoyed being able to work with a large group of people on a complex project.
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Delépine, Baudoin. "Computer-aided design (CAD) tools for bioproduction and biosensing pathway engineering." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLE032/document.
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Les récentes avancées en biologie des systèmes et en biologie synthétique contribuent déjà au fleurissement d'applications en ingénierie métabolique visant une bioproduction renouvelable de composés chimiques. Nous pouvons entrevoir un futur où des microbes serait conçus à la carte afin de valoriser n'importe quelle source de carbone en n'importe quel composé d'intérêt. Si la route est longue avant l'accomplissement d'un tel objectif, son parcours devrait en être grandement facilité par l'exploitation de méthodes d'ingénierie déjà éprouvées dans d'autres disciplines. On s'attend entre autre à ce que l'utilisation de logiciels de Conception Assistée par Ordinateur (CAO) diminue le temps et l’expertise nécessaires à la construction de voies métaboliques n'existant pas dans la nature. La première partie de cette thèse est dédiée à notre méthode de prédiction de voies métaboliques et à ses implémentations. Nous décrivons tout particulièrement RetroPath2.0, un outil de prédiction de réseaux de réactions mettant l'accent sur les applications de rétrosynthèse, et qui est construit pour être facilement extensible par la communauté. Dans la seconde partie, nous détaillons l'intérêt des biosenseurs intracellulaires pour l'ingénierie métabolique et introduisons SensiPath; une application web qui exploite un outil de prédiction de réactions pour concevoir des circuits métaboliques permettant la biodétection de composés pour lesquels aucun biosenseur direct n'est connu. Dans l'ensemble, cette thèse propose que les outils de bioCAO devraient permettre de révéler la créativité de leurs utilisateurs et encourager l'exploration de nouvelles applicationsAdvances in systems and synthetic biology are fueling our ability to develop successful metabolic engineering applications for the sustainable production of bio-based chemicals. We can envision a future in which designer cells could be engineered to transform any carbon source into any target compound. This daunting task will be achieved by leveraging methods that proved themselves in other engineering disciplines. Among those, the use of Computer Aided Design(CAD) softwares is expected to reduce the amount of time and expert knowledge needed to design de novo metabolic pathways. The first part of this thesis is dedicated to our pathway prediction algorithm and its CAD implementations. Most notably, we will present RetroPath2.0, a versatile reaction network prediction framework focused on retrosynthesis that is built to be easily extensible by the community. In the second part, we will highlight the interest of intracellular biosensors for metabolic engineering and introduce SensiPath, a web application that uses a reaction prediction engine to design biosensing circuits for compounds for which no direct biosensors are known. Altogether, this thesis proposes that bioCAD tools should focus on empowering users’ creativity and encourage them to explore original applications
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Zhou, Erping. "An automated in-process measuring system for CCN machine tools." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295291.
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González, Obando Daniel Felipe. "From digital to computational pathology for biomarker discovery." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP5185.
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L'histopathologie a pour objectif d'analyser des images de tissus biologiques pour évaluer l’état pathologique d'un organe et établir un diagnostic. L'apparition des scanners de lames a haute résolution a ouvert la voie a des nouvelles possibilités d'acquisition de très grandes images (whole slide imaging), de multiplexage de marquages, d'extraction exhaustive d'informations visuelles et d'annotations multiples a large échelle. Cette thèse propose un ensemble de méthodes algorithmiques visant a faciliter et optimiser ces différents aspects. Dans un premier temps, nous proposons une méthode de recalage multiculturelle d'images histologiques multi-marquées reposant sur les propriétés des B-splines pour modéliser, de fawn continue, une image discrète. Nous proposons ensuite de nouvelles approches d'analyse morphologique sur des polygones faiblement simples, généralisés par des graphes a segments droits. Elles reposent sur le formalisme des squelettes droits (une approximation de squelettes courbes définis par des segments droits), construits a l'aide de graphes de motocyclettes. Cette structure permet de réaliser des opérations de morphologie mathématiques sur des polygones avec une complexité réduite. La précision des opérations sur des polygones bruites est obtenue en raffinant la construction des squelettes droits par ajout adaptatif de sommets. Nous avons aussi propose un algorithme de détection de l'axe médian et montre qu'il est possible de reconstruire la forme d'origine avec une approximation arbitraire. Enfin, nous avons explore les squelettes droits pondérés qui permettent des opérations morphologiques directionnelles. Ces approches d'analyse morphologique offrent un support consistant pour améliorer la segmentation des objets grâce a l'information contextuelle et réaliser des études liées a l'analyse spatiale des interactions entre les différentes structures d’intérêt au sein du tissu. Tous les algorithmes proposes sont optimises pour le traitement d'images gigapixels et garantissent une reproductibilité des analyses, notamment grâce a la création du plugin Icytomine, interface entre Icy et CytomineHistopathology aims to analyze images of biological tissues to assess the pathologi¬cal condition of an organ and to provide a diagnosis. The advent of high-resolution slide scanners has opened the door to new possibilities for acquiring very large im¬ages (whole slide imaging), multiplexing stainings, exhaustive extraction of visual information and large scale annotations. This thesis proposes a set of algorith¬mic methods aimed at facilitating and optimizing these different aspects. First, we propose a multi-scale registration method of multi-labeled histological images based on the properties of B-splines to model, in a continuous way, a discrete image. We then propose new approaches to perform morphological analysis on weakly simple polygons generalized by straight-line graphs. They are based on the formalism of straight skeletons (an approximation of curved skeletons defined by straight segments), built with the help of motorcycle graphs. This structure makes it possible to perform mathematical morphological operations on polygons. The precision of operations on noisy polygons is obtained by refining the construction of straight skeletons. We also propose an algorithm for computing the medial axis from straight skeletons, showing it is possible to approximate the original polygonal shape. Finally, we explore weighted straight skeletons that allow directional mor¬phological operations. These morphological analysis approaches provide consistent support for improving the segmentation of objects through contextual information and performing studies related to the spatial analysis of interactions between dif¬ferent structures of interest within the tissue. All the proposed algorithms are optimized to handle gigapixel images while assuring analysis reproducibility, in particular thanks to the creation of the Icytomine plugin, an interface between Icy and Cytomine
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Donnelley, Martin, and martin donnelley@gmail com. "Computer Aided Long-Bone Segmentation and Fracture Detection." Flinders University. Engineering, 2008. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20080115.222927.
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Medical imaging has advanced at a tremendous rate since x-rays were discovered in 1895. Today, x-ray machines produce extremely high-quality images for radiologists to interpret. However, the methods of interpretation have only recently begun to be augmented by advances in computer technology. Computer aided diagnosis (CAD) systems that guide healthcare professionals to making the correct diagnosis are slowly becoming more prevalent throughout the medical field.
Bone fractures are a relatively common occurrence. In most developed countries the number of fractures associated with age-related bone loss is increasing rapidly. Regardless of the treating physician's level of experience, accurate detection and evaluation of musculoskeletal trauma is often problematic. Each year, the presence of many fractures is missed during x-ray diagnosis. For a trauma patient, a mis-diagnosis can lead to ineffective patient management, increased dissatisfaction, and expensive litigation. As a result, detection of long-bone fractures is an important orthopaedic and radiologic problem, and it is proposed that a novel CAD system could help lower the miss rate. This thesis examines the development of such a system, for the detection of long-bone fractures.
A number of image processing software algorithms useful for automating the fracture detection process have been created. The first algorithm is a non-linear scale-space smoothing technique that allows edge information to be extracted from the x-ray image. The degree of smoothing is controlled by the scale parameter, and allows the amount of image detail that should be retained to be adjusted for each stage of the analysis. The result is demonstrated to be superior to the Canny edge detection algorithm. The second utilises the edge information to determine a set of parameters that approximate the shaft of the long-bone. This is achieved using a modified Hough Transform, and specially designed peak and line endpoint detectors.
The third stage uses the shaft approximation data to locate the bone centre-lines and then perform diaphysis segmentation to separate the diaphysis from the epiphyses. Two segmentation algorithms are presented and one is shown to not only produce better results, but also be suitable for application to all long-bone images. The final stage applies a gradient based fracture detection algorithm to the segmented regions. This algorithm utilises a tool called the gradient composite measure to identify abnormal regions, including fractures, within the image. These regions are then identified and highlighted if they are deemed to be part of a fracture.
A database of fracture images from trauma patients was collected from the emergency department at the Flinders Medical Centre. From this complete set of images, a development set and test set were created. Experiments on the test set show that diaphysis segmentation and fracture detection are both performed with an accuracy of 83%. Therefore these tools can consistently identify the boundaries between the bone segments, and then accurately highlight midshaft long-bone fractures within the marked diaphysis.
Two of the algorithms---the non-linear smoothing and Hough Transform---are relatively slow to compute. Methods of decreasing the diagnosis time were investigated, and a set of parallelised algorithms were designed. These algorithms significantly reduced the total calculation time, making use of the algorithm much more feasible.
The thesis concludes with an outline of future research and proposed techniques that---along with the methods and results presented---will improve CAD systems for fracture detection, resulting in more accurate diagnosis of fractures, and a reduction of the fracture miss rate.
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Deanda, Felix. "Development and application of software tools for computer-assisted drug design /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Chowriappa, Ashirwad. "A framework for computer aided diagnosis and analysis of the neuro-vasculature." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3612958.
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Various types of vascular diseases such as carotid stenosis, aneurysms, Arterio-venous Malformations (AVM) and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) caused by the rupture of an aneurysm are some of the common causes of stroke. The diagnosis and management of such vascular conditions presents a challenge. In this dissertation we present a vascular analysis framework for Computer Aided Diagnosis (CAD) of the neuro-vasculature. We develop methods for 3D vascular decomposition, vascular skeleton extraction and identification of vascular structures such as aneurysms.
Owing to the complex and highly tortuous nature of the vasculature, analysis is often only attempted on a subset of the vessel network. In our framework we first, compute the decomposition of the vascular tree into meaningful sub-components. A novel spectral segmentation approach is presented that focuses on the eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami operator (LBO), FEM discretization. In this approach, we attain a set of vessel segmentations induced by the nodal sets of the LBO. This discretization produces a family of real valued functions, which provide interesting insights in the structure and morphology of the vasculature. Next, a novel Weighted Approximate Convex Decomposition (WACD) strategy is proposed to understand the nature of complex vessel structures. We start by addressing this problem of vascular decomposition as a cluster optimization problem and introduce a methodology for compact geometric decomposition. These decomposed vessel structures are then grouped into anatomically relevant sections using a novel vessel skeleton extraction methodology that utilizes a Laplace based operator. Vascular analysis is performed by obtaining a surface mapping between decomposed vessel sections. A non-rigid correspondence between vessel surfaces are achieved using Thin Plate Splines (TPS), and changes between corresponding surface morphologies are detected using Gaussian curvature maps and mean curvature maps. Finally, characteristic vascular structures such as vessel bifurcations and aneurysms are identified using a Support Vector Machine (SVM) on the most relevant eigenvalues, obtained through feature selection.
The proposed CAD framework was validated using pre-segmented sections of vasculature archived for 98 aneurysms in 112 patients. We first test our methodologies for vascular segmentation and next for detection. Our vascular segmentation approaches produced promising results, 81% of the vessel sections correctly segmented. For vascular classification, Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) was performed to find the most compact and informative set of features. We showed that the selected sub-set of eigenvalues produces minimum error and improved classifier precision. This analysis framework was also tested on longitudinal cases of patients having internal cerebral aneurysms. Volumetric and surface area comparisons were made by establishing a correspondence between segmented vascular sections. Our results suggest that the CAD framework was able to decompose, classify and detect changes in aneurysm volumes and surface areas close to that segmented by an expert.
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Rybarczyk, Paul Richard. "An integrated system for the computer aided monitoring and diagnosis of machine tools." 1989. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/20032613.html.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1989.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 143-145).
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Kao, E.-Fong, and 高一峰. "Computer-Aided Diagnosis in Chest Radiographs." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66089199344643824932.
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博士國立中山大學
資訊工程學系研究所
94
As computer technologies are developed rapidly in recent years, the ways to diagnose diseases also alter in clinical practice. Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) is an example that makes the diagnostic way for medical images change from view box to monitor. All types of medical images tend to be digitized and this makes it practical for helping doctor diagnose medical images via computer technologies. In this thesis, we propose a systemic approach to screen abnormalities in chest radiographs. First, a preprocess step identifying the view of chest radiographs is introduced. Second, a method is proposed for automated detection of gross abnormal opacity in chest radiographs. Third, computation time reduction is performed by subsampling. Finally, a computer-aided diagnosis system is implemented and evaluated in a clinical environment. Major technique used in this thesis is to analyze the projection profile obtained by projecting a chest image on to the mediolateral axis. The discriminant performance for each method is evaluated by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The results indicate that the proposed methods are potentially useful for screening abnormalities in chest radiographs.
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王得貴. "Chinese medicine asthma computer aided diagnosis system." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93388549506591822677.
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碩士長庚大學
電機工程研究所
86
The related research of the Chinese Medical Diagnosis has been widely studied and discussed. Many people desire to construct a specific and objective model of traditional Chinese Medical Diagnosis process. To modernize the Chinese Medical System with scientific thinking and methodology and how to reserve the original theoretical characteristic become an important task. In this thesis, we simulate the diagnosis of Chinese Medicine for asthma with fuzzy set theory. Asthma present many inherent or extrinsic symptom of human body. Each symptom is cured with different correspondent Chinese Medicine. Because of the symptom provided by the clinical patients is almost indistinct or incomplete, scientific diagnosis Chinese Medicine with these symptoms is difficult. Experienced Chinese Medical doctors infer the disease based on some cricerions and combine the condition and history of disease to complete the diagnosis. In this study, we construct a computerized Chinese Medical diagnosis system with fuzzy set theory. The source of data are obtained via looking, listening, asking and touching. These data may be incomplete or erroneouss but the fuzzy set theory has the ability to deal with this kind of situation. We take use of the property of fuzzy set theory to extract the relationship between asthma and its symptoms. The final object is to simulate the diagnose process of Chinese Medical doctors for asthma and buildup the Fuzzy Expert Chinese Medical diagnose System. We merge the fuzzy set theory and Chinese Medical Diagnose to construct a computerized Chinese Medical Diagnose System with capability of incomplete and erroneous symptom data. The fuzzy set theory has been widely evolved in many applications include the medical use. The traditional logic theory is binary with true value ?" and false value ?". There is no so called "fuzzy zone". But the uncertainty often encountered and can not be completely described with traditional logic set theory. The fuzzy set logic which is exceeded from the traditional set logic include arbitrary value between *0* and *1*. It represent the logic of human beens and Chinese Medical Diagnosis. It extract the relationship of symptom-to- symptom, symptom-to-syndrom and syndrom-to- syndrom with fuzzy relation matrix. This will fully represent the global concept of Chinese Medical Diagnosis. In the future, the system parameter can be adjust to be utilized in diagnosis of other symptom with more clinical data. If support the property diagnosis and alert of possible diseases.
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CHEN, KUEN-YUAN, and 陳坤源. "COMPUTER AIDED ULTRASOUND DIAGNOSIS IN THYROID NODULES." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49619028203932090256.
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博士國立臺灣大學
臨床醫學研究所
102
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy. The incidence is increasing in the past decades. How to improve the detection rate and diagnostic accuracy has become an urgent issue. We proposed the novel computerized methods in this thesis to quantify the ultrasonic features of thyroid cancer. We included two ultrasonic features which were microcalcifications and heterogeneity in this thesis to test whether computerized method could be helpful in diagnosis of thyroid cancer. The first part was to improve the ultrasonographic detection rates of thyroid cancers with microcalcifications, we proposed to enhance the sensitivity of sonographic calcifications detection and to avoid inter-observer variation by a computerized quantification method in a prospective setting. A total of 256 nodules were included (173 benign, 83 malignant). Among them, the diagnosis of 181 nodules (102 benign, 79 malignant) were verified by surgical pathology. Quantification of cystic components and calcifications was automatically performed by a proprietary program (AmCAD-UT) implemented with methods proposed in this paper. The calcification index (CI) between benign and malignant nodules diagnosed by combined FNA biopsy and surgical pathology results (total number, 256) showed a significant difference (p<0.001, AUC=0.746). Furthermore, we excluded patients without surgical pathology results for further validation, and the CI between benign and malignant nodules confirmed by pathology results (total number, 181) showed a significant difference (p<0.001, AUC=0.763). To learn whether our computer program increased our diagnostic capabilities, we analyzed human investigators and their abilities to detect and evaluate. In this study, calcifications were noted in 48.19% (40 of 83) of malignant thyroid nodules and in 10.98% (19 of 173) of benign nodules. This new computer-aided diagnosis method to evaluate the sonographic calcifications of thyroid nodules is a more sensitive and more objective method. It can provide better sensitivity than conventional methods in the diagnosis of thyroid malignancies containing microcalcifications. The second part is to test whether the computerized quantification of ultrasonic heterogeneity can aid the diagnosis of thyroid malignancy, we evaluated ultrasonic heterogeneity by an objective and quantitative computerized method in a prospective setting. A total of 400 nodules including 271 benign thyroid nodules and 129 malignant thyroid nodules were evaluated. Quantification of ultrasonic heterogeneity (heterogeneity index, HI) was performed by a proprietary program implemented with methods proposed in this paper. The HI values between benign and malignant nodules, diagnosed by a combination of fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and surgical pathology results, are significantly different (p<0.001, AUC=0.714). Ultrasonic heterogeneity (US-H) of these samples assessed by an experienced clinician could not significantly differentiate between benign and malignant thyroid nodules. However, the nodules with marked heterogeneity of US-H showed higher HI values than that of nodules with homogeneous US-H assessment. These results indicate that using the new computer-aided diagnosis method to evaluate the ultrasonic heterogeneity of thyroid nodules is an objective and quantitative method that is correlated to the conventional US-H assessment but can aid in the diagnosis of thyroid malignancy better.
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Chen, Sz-Han, and 陳思翰. "Computer-aided Diagnosis System for Liver Diseases." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/97783840340298141452.
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碩士元智大學
通訊工程學系
94
Traditionally, diagnosis of liver disease such as liver cyst, cavernous hemangioma and hepatoma is heavily dependent on professional radiologists. However, it is not guaranteed to make a highly accurate decision even for a specialist with a lot of experience. We propose a scheme of computer-aided diagnosis system which aims to assist radiologists in making more precise diagnosis of liver diseases. First of all, we select the region of interests (ROIs) from images with appropriate size. Secondly, the features including gray-level, co-occurrence matrix, and a bank of Gabor filters are extracted from the selected ROIs. Then both the methods of principle component analysis (PCA) and sequential forward selection (SFS) are used to reduce the dimension of feature vectors. The reduced features are fed into classifiers in which support vector machine (SVM) and radial basis neural network (RBFNN) are employed as the techniques for the classifiers. Finally, the analysis of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is implemented to evaluate the performance of this system for the sake of getting higher distinction efficiency.
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Han, Ko-Chung, and 韓克忠. "Computer-Aided Diagnosis of Sonographic Breast Lesions." Thesis, 2001. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63235081191410246686.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
醫學工程學研究所
89
To early detect the malignant breast lesions and to reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies, computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) of sonographic breast lesions have been studied extensively. Although reasonable performances have been achieved, the conventional CAD algorithms generally suffer the unreliable features and the inability to utilize the insignificant features, which may be decisive in determining the equivocal cases for the significant features. To overcome these two problems, in this paper, we proposed a set of highly effective geometrical features and a new two-level classification scheme, which took into account the value of the insignificant features. The first-level classification was composed of a logistic discrimination function for selecting the significant features and a multi-layer feed-forward neural network for classification. The second-level classification has been formulated as a constrained maximization problem designed to fully utilize the insignificant features. The experimental results show that the best classification accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive prediction value and negative prediction value for the proposed two-level classification scheme with 160 lesions were as high as 93.8%, 91.3%, 95.6%, 93.5%, and 94.0%, respectively. By considering the insignificant features, we have succeeded in increasing the classification accuracy, the sensitivity and the specificity by 3.2%, 4.3%, and 2.2%, respectively.
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Rodrigues, Flávio Ricardo Marques. "Patents in the computer-aided diagnosis industry." Master's thesis, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/85895.
Full textAbstract:
Computer aided diagnosis is a relatively new field, through the use of new techniques algorithms and technologies, it can help technicians perform a better and faster analysis, reduce or even substitute part of their workload. Patents are windows into a company's technological assets, as well as into the state of a certain technology field. In this thesis we analyzed patents that are mainly related to the automated analysis of human retinopathies. Using patent search engines we explored the various patent databases, using keywords related to the area and the international patent classification to refine the search and eliminate unrelated results, proceeding then to a thorough analysis of the dataset. By analyzing the structured and unstructured text, contained in the obtained patents, different observations where made: major players in the field,patent timelines, main technologies involved and the direction of the technology evolution.
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Tsai, Chun-Yi, and 蔡俊逸. "Computer-Aided Diagnosis System for Chinese Medicine." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/22362594633809744380.
Full textAbstract:
碩士中華大學
生物資訊學系碩士班
100
With the advances in mass communication, there are many ways that people can acquire knowledge. Because of the fast pace of living, people are suffering from various diseases, especially chronicle diseases. Now a day, patients usually choose western medicine, because it can reduce pain in a short time. By comparison, most of people have the impression that it takes a longer time to improve their health condition using Chinese medicine. Because Western medicine has been less effective in the treatment of chronic diseases, traditional Chinese medicine is gradually getting more attention. In addition to herbal medicines, Chinese medicine also, acupuncture, meridian massage, and healthy diets to improve personal health condition. People must to make an appointment at hospital when they are sick. If we can preliminary diagnose by myself. This will add considerable convenience, and even make Chinese medicine practitioners to increase the convenience of the diagnosis. The most important thing is to help users to prevent diseases by traditional Chinese medicine health care knowledge of the system. Therefore, they need a simple and containing a wealth of information diagnosis system for Chinese medicine. This system uses information of user’s symptoms to match and calculate the results of the highest probability of diagnosis by SQL Server's "SELECT" function. According to the results of diagnosis, the system provides knowledge of Chinese herbal medicine and Chinese meridian-point conditioning. Finally, this research uses a virtual example to illustrate possible applications of the system.
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Rodrigues, Flávio Ricardo Marques. "Patents in the computer-aided diagnosis industry." Dissertação, 2016. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/85895.
Full textAbstract:
Computer aided diagnosis is a relatively new field, through the use of new techniques algorithms and technologies, it can help technicians perform a better and faster analysis, reduce or even substitute part of their workload. Patents are windows into a company's technological assets, as well as into the state of a certain technology field. In this thesis we analyzed patents that are mainly related to the automated analysis of human retinopathies. Using patent search engines we explored the various patent databases, using keywords related to the area and the international patent classification to refine the search and eliminate unrelated results, proceeding then to a thorough analysis of the dataset. By analyzing the structured and unstructured text, contained in the obtained patents, different observations where made: major players in the field,patent timelines, main technologies involved and the direction of the technology evolution.
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Yu, Chien-Huan, and 余鑑桓. "Computer-aided Tumor Diagnosis of Breast Tomosynthesis." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/y9hj9v.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
資訊工程學研究所
106
Among female throughout the world, breast cancer has become one of the most common carcinomas and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Early detection can provide a better treatment and significantly reduce mortality. Currently, the most effective tool to diagnose breast cancer is mammography screening. Tomosynthesis as a three dimensional (3-D) tomographic technique can overcome the overlapping problem from superimposed tissues of two dimensional (2-D) mammography. Therefore, we proposed a computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) system implemented in tomosynthesis and also in mammography to compare their performance. The CADx system was built by binary logistic regression classifier. Texture features, including gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), ranklet, and Gabor, were extracted from user-specified regions of interest (ROIs) in mammograms or volumes of interest (VOIs) in tomosynthesis images. The performance of different combinations of features were evaluated. The CADx system was tested with a dataset of 42 benign and 82 malignant tumors. The best performance was achieved by applying Gabor feature in tomosynthesis with an accuracy of 85.48% (106/124), a sensitivity of 86.59% (71/82), a specificity of 83.33% (35/42), and an Az value of 0.8712. To summarize, tomosynthesis is more effective in classification of breast tumor with Gabor feature than mammography.
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Yeh, Nai-Shuoh, and 葉乃碩. "A Framework for Computer-Aided-Design Tools." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49211246849400776536.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立交通大學
資訊工程系
88
Computer-Aided-Design (CAD) refers to use computer hardware or software to assist designer''s design tasks. Due to the rapid progress of semi-conductor technology, computers become faster and cheaper and CAD become widely employed in various domains. We survey current CAD software and have the following observations: 1) the process of using various CAD are similar: Designers first build the design model. Then, they simulate and analyze the model. Finally, they export the design model. 2) The software architectures of various CAD software’s are also similar. According the above observations, this thesis proposes a software framework, named CAD framework, which is suitable for CAD in various domains. CAD developer could use the framework to develop required CAD rapidly and efficiently. The system architecture of this CAD framework defines five subsystems: (1) model building subsystem, (2) model viewing subsystem, (3) simulation subsystem, (4) data processing subsystem, and (5) model importing/exporting subsystem. The framework also defines the necessary services, components and program modules used in each subsystem. Besides, framework provides templates for components and modules to help CAD developer design the components and modules in their CAD software. We also propose several develop tools for developers to process these templates. We demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed framework by using it to develop "Cleaner Product Diagnosis Software" for chemical domain
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Shieh, Tzung Hurng, and 謝宗宏. "STUDIES ON COMPUTER-AIDED INTERIOR DESIGN TOOLS." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/99621218396071455526.
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