Relevant bibliographies by topics / Computational fluid dynamics; Wave loading

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Computational fluid dynamics; Wave loading'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Computational fluid dynamics; Wave loading"

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Miliou, Anthi, Spencer J. Sherwin, and J. Michael R. Graham. "Fluid Dynamic Loading on Curved Riser Pipes." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 125, no. 3 (July 11, 2003): 176–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1576817.

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In order to gain a preliminary understanding of the fluid dynamics developed past a curved riser pipe, a numerical investigation into the flow past curved cylinders at a Reynolds number of 100 has been performed. To approximate the flow conditions on curved riser pipes, different velocity profiles and flow directions were applied and the corresponding results compared. In addition, the fluid dynamic loading and the wake structures for curved cylinder flows were investigated. The fully three-dimensional simulations were computed with a spectral/hp element method. The computational results were compared with experiments undertaken in the towing tank facility of the Department of Aeronautics of Imperial College.
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Rose, J. Bruce Ralphin, P. Saranya, and JV Bibal Benifa. "Investigation of computational flow fields and aeroacoustic characteristics over a re-entry command module." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 232, no. 3 (December 14, 2016): 532–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410016682272.

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Design and analysis of a wind tunnel model for re-entry vehicle configuration is a prolonged and expensive mission. As the aerothermodynamics loads acting on the vehicle are based on geometry, various wind tunnel models need to be built for aerodynamic characterization by experimental procedure. Alternatively, the intention of this article is to present the influence of aerodynamic and aero acoustic characteristics of a typical re-entry capsule by computational fluid dynamics analysis. A typical re-entry capsule is designed using computational design software and it is imported to a computational fluid dynamics solver and flow simulations are done at various input conditions. Stanford University unstructured computational fluid dynamics solver is used for this purpose to solve complex, multiphysics analysis, and optimization tasks. Computational fluid dynamics results are presented to understand the influence of aerodynamic characteristics of a typical re-entry capsule, by visualizing the flow field around the command module at all the flow regimes like subsonic, supersonic, and hypersonic flows. The flow fields are studied in detail and regions of high flow unsteadiness due to wake separated flow zone are identified. Aeroacoustic loading on the command module at these regions especially at shock wave zone are predicted in the present investigation with high order of accuracy.
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Chatzimarkou, Eirinaios, and Constantine Michailides. "A Comparative Study of Breaking Wave Loads on Cylindrical and Conical Substructures." Water 13, no. 7 (March 28, 2021): 924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13070924.

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In the present paper, a comparative study of different cylindrical and conical substructures was performed under breaking wave loading with the open-source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) package OpenFoam capable of the development of a numerical wave tank (NWT) with the use of Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations, the k-ω Shear Stress Transport (k-ω SST) turbulence model, and the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The validity of the NWT was verified with relevant experimental data. Then, through the application of the present numerical model, the distributions of dynamic pressure and velocity in the x-direction around the circumference of different cylindrical and conical substructures were examined. The results showed that the velocity and dynamic pressure distribution did not change significantly with the increase in the substructure’s diameter near the wave breaking height, although the incident wave conditions were similar. Another important aspect of the study was whether the hydrodynamic loading or the dynamic pressure distribution of a conical substructure would improve or deteriorate under the influence of breaking wave loading compared to a cylindrical one. It was concluded that the primary wave load in a conical substructure increased by 62.57% compared to the numerical results of a cylindrical substructure. In addition, the secondary load’s magnitude in the conical substructure was 3.39 times higher and the primary-to-secondary load ratio was double compared to a cylindrical substructure. These findings demonstrate that the conical substructure’s performance will deteriorate under breaking wave loading compared to a cylindrical one, and it is not recommended to use this type of substructure.
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Forouzan, Bahareh, Dilshan SP Amarsinghe Baragamage, Koushyar Shaloudegi, Narutoshi Nakata, and Weiming Wu. "Hybrid simulation of a structure to tsunami loading." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 1 (July 18, 2019): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219857847.

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A new hybrid simulation technique has been developed to assess the behavior of a structure under hydrodynamic loading. It integrates the computational fluid dynamics and structural hybrid simulation and couples the fluid loading and structural response at each simulation step. The conventional displacement-based and recently developed force-based hybrid simulation approaches are adopted in the structural analysis. The concept, procedure, and required components of the proposed hybrid simulation are introduced in this article. The proposed hybrid simulation has been numerically and physically tested in case of a coastal building impacted by a tsunami wave. It is demonstrated that the force error in the displacement-based approach is significantly larger than that in the force-based approach. The force-based approach allows for a more realistic and reliable structural assessment under tsunami loading.
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Hu, Z. Z., D. M. Causon, C. G. Mingham, and L. Qian. "Numerical simulation of floating bodies in extreme free surface waves." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 2 (February 16, 2011): 519–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-519-2011.

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Abstract. In this paper, we use the in-house Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) flow code AMAZON-SC as a numerical wave tank (NWT) to study wave loading on a wave energy converter (WEC) device in heave motion. This is a surface-capturing method for two fluid flows that treats the free surface as contact surface in the density field that is captured automatically without special provision. A time-accurate artificial compressibility method and high resolution Godunov-type scheme are employed in both fluid regions (air/water). The Cartesian cut cell method can provide a boundary-fitted mesh for a complex geometry with no requirement to re-mesh globally or even locally for moving geometry, requiring only changes to cut cell data at the body contour. Extreme wave boundary conditions are prescribed in an empty NWT and compared with physical experiments prior to calculations of extreme waves acting on a floating Bobber-type device. The validation work also includes the wave force on a fixed cylinder compared with theoretical and experimental data under regular waves. Results include free surface elevations, vertical displacement of the float, induced vertical velocity and heave force for a typical Bobber geometry with a hemispherical base under extreme wave conditions.
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Pirrung, Georg Raimund, and Helge Aagaard Madsen. "Dynamic inflow effects in measurements and high-fidelity computations." Wind Energy Science 3, no. 2 (August 22, 2018): 545–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/wes-3-545-2018.

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Abstract. A wind turbine experiences an overshoot in loading after, for example, a collective step change in pitch angle. This overshoot occurs because the wind turbine wake does not immediately reach its new equilibrium, an effect usually referred to as dynamic inflow. Vortex cylinder models and actuator disc simulations predict that the time constants of this dynamic inflow effect should decrease significantly towards the blade tip. As part of the NASA Ames Phase VI experiment, pitch steps have been performed on a turbine in controlled conditions in the wind tunnel. The measured aerodynamic forces from these experiments seemed to show much less radial dependency of the dynamic inflow time constants than expected when pitching towards low loading. Moreover the dynamic inflow effect seemed fundamentally different when pitching from low to high loading, and the reason for this behavior remained unclear in previous analyses of the experiment. High-fidelity computational fluid dynamics and free-wake vortex code computations yielded the same behavior as the experiments. In the present work these observations from the experiments and high-fidelity computations are explained based on a simple vortex cylinder wake model.
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Elsafti, Hisham, Hocine Oumeraci, and Hans Scheel. "HYDRODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY AND LOADING OF A TSUNAMI-FLOODING BARRIER (TFB)." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 35 (June 23, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v35.structures.23.

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The Tsunami-Flooding Barrier (TFB) is an impermeable vertical structure proposed at relatively large water depths, at which it is theorised that a tsunami will reach the structure before turning into a bore. The proposed hypothesis is tested in this study by means of a validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. The hydrodynamic efficiency of the impermeable TFB structure is confirmed and the effect of different aspects on the hydrodynamic efficiency of the structure are studied. These aspects include water depth, free board, surface roughness and the consideration of a deflecting parapet (named here as a surge stopper). Further, a new method is developed for calculating the tsunami-like solitary wave run-up and loads on the structure. The method is then compared to the Goda method for calculating storm wave loads on vertical impermeable structures. It is concluded that using the Goda method will severely underestimate the tsunami-like solitary wave load on the TFB structure.
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Kang, Ki-Yeob, Kwang-Ho Choi, Jae Woong Choi, Yong Hee Ryu, and Jae-Myung Lee. "An Influence of Gas Explosions on Dynamic Responses of a Single Degree of Freedom Model." Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9582702.

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Explosion risk analysis (ERA) is widely used to derive the dimensioning of accidental loads for design purposes. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations contribute a key part of an ERA and predict possible blast consequences in a hazardous area. Explosion pressures can vary based on the model geometry, the explosion intensity, and explosion scenarios. Dynamic responses of structures under these explosion loads are dependent on a blast wave profile with respect to the magnitude of pressure, duration, and impulse in both positive and negative phases. Understanding the relationship between explosion load profiles and dynamic responses of the target area is important to mitigate the risk of explosion and perform structural design optimization. In the present study, the results of more than 3,000 CFD simulations were considered, and 1.6 million output files were analyzed using a visual basic for applications (VBA) tool developed to characterize representative loading shapes. Dynamic response of a structure was investigated in both time and frequency domains using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm. In addition, the effects of the residual wave and loading velocity were studied in this paper.
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Wu, Yanling. "Numerical tools to predict the environmental loads for offshore structures under extreme weather conditions." Modern Physics Letters B 32, no. 12n13 (May 10, 2018): 1840039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984918400390.

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In this paper, the extreme waves were generated using the open source computational fluid dynamic (CFD) tools — OpenFOAM and Waves2FOAM — using linear and nonlinear NewWave input. They were used to conduct the numerical simulation of the wave impact process. Numerical tools based on first-order (with and without stretching) and second-order NewWave are investigated. The simulation to predict force loading for the offshore platform under the extreme weather condition is implemented and compared.
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Zhou, Xiao, Liu, Incecik, Peyrard, Li, and Pan. "Numerical Modelling of Dynamic Responses of a Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Subject to Focused Waves." Energies 12, no. 18 (September 9, 2019): 3482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12183482.

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In this paper, we present numerical modelling for the investigation of dynamic responses of a floating offshore wind turbine subject to focused waves. The modelling was carried out using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool. We started with the generation of a focused wave in a numerical wave tank based on a first-order irregular wave theory, then validated the developed numerical method for wave-structure interaction via a study of floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) to focused wave. Subsequently, we investigated the wave-/wind-structure interaction of a fixed semi-submersible platform, a floating semi-submersible platform and a parked National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW floating offshore wind turbine. To understand the nonlinear effect, which usually occurs under severe sea states, we carried out a systematic study of the motion responses, hydrodynamic and mooring tension loads of floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) over a range of wave steepness, and compared the results obtained from two potential flow theory tools with each other, i.e., Électricité de France (EDF) in-house code and NREL Fatigue, Aerodynamics, Structures, and Turbulence (FAST). We found that the nonlinearity of the hydrodynamic loading and motion responses increase with wave steepness, revealed by higher-order frequency response, leading to the appearance of discrepancies among different tools.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Computational fluid dynamics; Wave loading"

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Saalehi, Ahmad. "Quadtree-based finite element modelling of laminar separated flow past a cylinder." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308908.

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Chun, Sangeon. "Nonlinear Fluid-Structure Interaction in a Flexible Shelter under Blast Loading." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29849.

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Recently, numerous flexible structures have been employed in various fields of industry. Loading conditions sustained by these flexible structures are often not described well enough for engineering analyses even though these conditions are important. Here, a flexible tent with an interior Collective Protection System, which is subjected to an explosion, is analyzed. The tent protects personnel from biological and chemical agents with a pressurized liner inside the tent as an environmental barrier. Field tests showed unexpected damage to the liner, and most of the damage occurred on tent's leeward side. To solve this problem, various tests and analyses have been performed, involving material characteristics of the liner, canvas, and zip seals, modeling of the blast loading over the tent and inside the tent, and structural response of the tent to the blast loading as collaborative research works with others. It was found that the blast loading and the structural response can not be analyzed separately due to the interaction between the flexible structure and the dynamic pressure loading. In this dissertation, the dynamic loadings imposed on both the interior and the exterior sides of the tent structure due to the airblasts and the resulting dynamic responses were studied. First, the blast loadings were obtained by a newly proposed theoretical method of analytical/empirical models which was developed into a FORTRAN program. Then, a numerical method of an iterative Fluid-Structure Interaction using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Computational Structural Dynamics was employed to simulate the blast wave propagation inside and outside the flexible structure and to calculate the dynamic loads on it. All the results were compared with the field test data conducted by the Air Force Research Laboratory. The experimental pressure data were gathered from pressure gauges attached to the tent surfaces at different locations. The comparison showed that the proposed methods can be a good design tool to analyze the loading conditions for rigid or flexible structures under explosive loads. In particular, the causes of the failure of the liner on the leeward were explained. Also, the results showed that the effect of fluid-structure interaction should be considered in the pressure load calculation on the structure where the structural deflection rate can influence the solution of the flow field surrounding the structure.
Ph. D.
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Yang, Guodong. "Cartesian mesh techniques for moving body problems and shock wave modelling." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360893.

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Horko, Michael. "CFD optimisation of an oscillating water column wave energy converter." University of Western Australia. School of Mechanical Engineering, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0089.

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Although oscillating water column type wave energy devices are nearing the stage of commercial exploitation, there is still much to be learnt about many facets of their hydrodynamic performance. This research uses the commercially available FLUENT computational fluid dynamics flow solver to model a complete OWC system in a two dimensional numerical wave tank. A key feature of the numerical modelling is the focus on the influence of the front wall geometry and in particular the effect of the front wall aperture shape on the hydrodynamic conversion efficiency. In order to validate the numerical modelling, a 1:12.5 scale experimental model has been tested in a wave tank under regular wave conditions. The effects of the front lip shape on the hydrodynamic efficiency are investigated both numerically and experimentally and the results compared. The results obtained show that with careful consideration of key modelling parameters as well as ensuring sufficient data resolution, there is good agreement between the two methods. The results of the testing have also illustrated that simple changes to the front wall aperture shape can provide marked improvements in the efficiency of energy capture for OWC type devices.
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Kalsi, Hardeep Singh. "Numerical modelling of shock wave boundary layer interactions in aero-engine intakes at incidence." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284394.

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Aero-engine intakes play a critical role in the performance of modern high-bypass turbofan engines. It is their function to provide uniformly distributed, steady air flow to the engine fan face under a variety of flow conditions. However, during situations of high incidence, high curvature of the intake lip can accelerate flow to supersonic speeds, terminating with a shock wave. This produces undesirable shock wave boundary layer interactions (SWBLIs). Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) turbulence models have been shown to be insensitive to the effects of boundary layer relaminarisation present in these highly-accelerated flows. Further, downstream of the SWBLI, RANS methods fail to capture the distorted flow that propagates towards the engine fan face. The present work describes simulations of a novel experimental intake rig model that replicates the key physics found in a real intake- namely acceleration, shock and SWBLI. The model is a simple geometric configuration resembling a lower intake lip at incidence. Simulations are carried out at two angles of attack, $\alpha=23^{\circ}$ and $\alpha=25^{\circ}$, with the more aggressive $\alpha=25^{\circ}$ possessing a high degree of shock oscillation. RANS, Large Eddy Simulations (LES) and hybrid RANS-LES are carried out in this work. Modifications to the one-equation Spalart-Allmaras (SA) RANS turbulence model are proposed to account for the effects of re-laminarisation and curvature. The simulation methods are validated against two canonical test cases. The first is a subsonic hump model where RANS modifications give a noticeable improvement in surface pressure predictions, even for this mild acceleration case. However, RANS is shown to over-predict the separation size. LES performs much better here, as long as the Smagorinsky-Lilly SGS model is not used. The $\sigma$-SGS model is found to perform best, and is used to run a hybrid RANS-LES that predicts a separation bubble size within $4\%$ of LES. The second canonical test case is a transonic hump that features a normal shockwave and SWBLI. RANS performs well here, predicting shock location, surface pressure and separation with good agreement with experimental measurements. Hybrid RANS-LES also performs well, but predicts a shock downstream of that measured by experiment. The use of an improved shock sensor here is able to maintain solution accuracy. Simulations of the intake rig are then run. RANS modifications provide a significant improvement in prediction of the shock location and lip surface pressure compared to the standard SA model. However, RANS models fail to reproduce the post shock interaction flow well, giving incorrect shape of the flow distortion. Further, RANS is inherently unable to capture the unsteady shock oscillations and related flow features. LES and hybrid RANS-LES predict the shock location and SWBLI well, with the downstream flow distortion also in very good agreement with experimental measurements. LES and hybrid RANS-LES are able to reproduce the time averaged smearing of the shock which RANS cannot. However, shock oscillations in the $\alpha=25^{\circ}$ case present a particular challenge for costly LES, requiring long simulation time to obtain time averaged flow statistics. Hybrid RANS-LES offers a significant saving in computational expense, costing approximately $20\%$ of LES. The work proposes recommendations for simulation strategy for intakes at incidence based on computational cost and performance of simulation methods.
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Raj, Piyush. "Influence of Fuel Inhomogeneity and Stratification Length Scales on Detonation Wave Propagation in a Rotating Detonation Combustor (RDC)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/103185.

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The detonation-based engine has the key advantage of increased thermodynamic efficiency over the traditional constant pressure combustor. These detonation-based engines are also known as Pressure Gain Combustion systems (PGC) and Rotating Detonation Combustor (RDC) is a form of PGC, in which the detonation wave propagates azimuthally around an annular combustor. Prior researchers have performed a high fidelity 3-D numerical simulation of a rotating detonation combustor (RDC) to understand the flow physics such as detonation wave velocity, pressure profile, wave structure; however, performing these 3-D simulations is computationally expensive. 2-D simulations are a potential alternative to reduce computational cost. In most RDCs, fuel and oxidizer are injected discretely from separate plenums, and this discrete fuel/air injection results in inhomogeneous mixing within the domain. Due to the discrete fuel injection locations, fuel/oxidizer will stratify to form localized pockets of rich and lean mixtures. The motivation of the present study is to investigate the impact of unmixedness and stratification length scales on the performance of an RDC using a 2-D numerical approach. Unmixedness, which is defined as the standard deviation of equivalence ratio normalized by the mean global equivalence ratio, is a measure of the degree of fuel-oxidizer inhomogeneity. To model the effect of unmixedness in a 2-D domain, a lognormal distribution of the fuel mass fraction is generated with a mean equivalence ratio of 1 and varying standard deviations at the inlet boundary as a numerical source term. Moreover, to model the effects of stratification length scales, fuel mass fraction at the inlet boundary cells is bundled for a given length scale, and the mass fractions for these bundles are updated based on the lognormal distribution after every three-time steps. Using this methodology, 2-D numerical analyses are carried out to investigate the performance of an RDC for an H2-air mixture with varying unmixedness and stratification length scales. Results show that mean detonation velocity decreases and wave speed variation increases with an increase in unmixedness. However, with an increase in stratification length scale mean velocity remain relatively unchanged but variation in local velocity increases. The detonation wave front corrugation also increases with an increase in mixture inhomogeneity. The mean detonation cell size increases with an increase in unmixedness. The cell shape becomes more distorted and irregular with an increase in stratification length scale and unmixedness. The combined effect of unmixedness and stratification length scale leads to a decrease in pressure gain. Overall, this concept is able to elucidate the effects of varying unmixedness and stratification length scales on the performance of an RDC.
Master of Science
Pressure Gain Combustion (PGC) system has gained significant focus in recent years due to its increased thermodynamic efficiency over a constant pressure Brayton Cycle. Rotating Detonation Combustor (RDC) is a type of PGC system, which is thermodynamically more efficient than the conventional gas turbine combustor. One of the main aspects of the detonation process is the rapid burning of the fuel-oxidizer mixture, which occurs so fast that there is not enough time for pressure to equilibrate. Therefore, the process is thermodynamically closer to a constant volume process rather than a constant pressure process. A constant volume cycle is thermodynamically more efficient than a constant pressure Brayton cycle. In an RDC, a mixture of fuel and air is injected axially, and a detonation wave propagates continuously through the circumferential section. Numerical simulation of an RDC provides additional flexibility over experiments in understanding the flow physics, detonation wave structure, and analyzing the physical and chemical processes involved in the detonation cycle. Prior researchers have utilized a full-scale 3-D numerical simulation for understanding the performance of an RDC. However, the major challenge with 3-D analyses is the computational expense. Thus, to overcome this, an inexpensive 2-D simulation is used to model the flow physics of an RDC. In most RDCs, the fuel and oxidizer are injected discretely from separate plenums. Due to the discrete fuel injection, the fuel/air mixture is never perfectly premixed and results in a stratified flow field. The objective of the current work is to develop a novel approach to independently investigate the effects of varying unmixedness and stratification length scales on RDC performance using a 2-D simulation.
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Medina-López, Encarnación. "Thermodynamic processes involved in wave energy extraction." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31422.

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Wave energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources for future exploitation. This thesis focuses on thermodynamic effects within Oscillating Water Column (OWC) devices equipped withWells turbines, particularly humidity effects. Previous theoretical studies of the operation of OWCs have resulted in expressions for the oscillation of the water surface in the chamber of an OWC based on linear wave theory, and the air expansion{compression cycle inside the air chamber based on ideal gas theory. Although in practice high humidity levels occur in OWC devices open to the sea, the influence of atmospheric conditions such as temperature and moisture on the performance of Wells turbines has not yet been studied in the field of ocean energy. Researchers have reported substantial differences between predicted and measured power output, and performance rates of OWCs presently coming into operation. The effect of moisture in the air chamber of the OWC causes variations on the atmospheric conditions near the turbine, modifying its performance and efficiency. Discrepancies in available power to the turbine are believed to be due to the humid air conditions, which had not been modelled previously. This thesis presents a study of the influence of humid air on the performance of an idealised Wells turbine in the chamber of an OWC using a real gas model. A new formulation is presented, including a modified adiabatic index, and subsequent modified thermodynamic state variables such as enthalpy, entropy and specific heat. The formulation is validated against experimental data, and found to exhibit better agreement than the ideal approach. The analysis indicates that the real gas behaviour can be explained by a non{dimensional number which depends on the local pressure and temperature in the OWC chamber. A first approach to the OWC formulation through the calculation of real air flow in the OWC is given, which predicts a 6% decrease in efficiency with respect to the ideal case when it is tested with a hypothetical pulse of pressure. This is important because accurate prediction of efficiency is essential for the optimal design and management of OWC converters. A numerical model has also been developed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to simulate the OWC characteristics in open sea. The performance of an OWC turbine is studied through the implementation of an actuator disk model in Fluent®. A set of different regular wave tests is developed in a 2D numerical wave flume. The model is tested using information obtained from experimental tests on a Wells{type turbine located in a wind tunnel. Linear response is achieved in terms of pressure drop and air flow in all cases, proving effectively the applicability of the actuator disk model to OWC devices. The numerical model is applied first to an OWC chamber containing dry air, and then to an OWC chamber containing humid air. Results from both cases are compared, and it is found that the results are sensitive to the degree of humidity of the air. Power decreases when humidity increases. Finally, results from the analytical real gas and numerical ideal gas models are compared. Very satisfactory agreement is obtained between the analytical and the numerical models when humidity is inserted in the gaseous phase. Both analytical and numerical models with humid air show considerable differences with the numerical model when dry air is considered. However, at the resonance frequency, results are independent of the gas model used. At every other frequency analysed, the real gas model predicts reduced values of power that can fall to 50% of the ideal power value when coupled to the radiation-diffraction model for regular waves. It is recommended that real gas should be considered in future analyses of Wells turbines in order to calculate accurately the efficiency and expected power of OWC devices.
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Krus, Kristofer. "Wave Model and Watercraft Model for Simulation of Sea State." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Teoretisk Fysik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-102959.

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The problem of real-time simulation of ocean surface waves, ship movement and the coupling in between is tackled, and a number of different methods are covered and discussed. Among these methods, the finite volume method has been implemented in an attempt to solve the problem, along with the compressible Euler equations, an octree based staggered grid which allows for easy adaptive mesh refinement, the volume of fluid method and a variant of the Hyper-C advection scheme for compressible flows for advection of the phase fraction field. The process of implementing the methods that were chosen proved to be tricky in many ways, as they involve a large number of advanced topics, and the implementation that was implemented in this thesis work suffered from numerous issues. There were for example problems with keeping the interface intact, as well as a harsh restriction on the time step size due to the CFL condition. Improvements required to make the method sustainable for real-time applications are discussed, and a few suggestions on alternative approaches that are already in use for similar purposes are also given and discussed. Furthermore, a method for compensating for gain/loss of mass when solving the incompressible flow equations with an inaccurately solved pressure Poisson equation is presented and discussed. A momentum conservative method for transporting the velocity field on staggered grids without introducing unnecessary smearing is also presented and implemented. A simple, physically based illumination model for sea surfaces is derived, discussed and compared to the Blinn–Phong shading model, although it is never implemented. Finally, a two-dimensional partial differential equation in the spatial domain for simulating water surface waves for mildly varying bottom topography is derived and discussed, although it is deemed to be too slow for real-time purposes and is therefore never implemented.

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Waindim, Mbu. "On Unsteadiness in 2-D and 3-D Shock Wave/Turbulent Boundary Layer Interactions." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1511734224701396.

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加藤, 由博, Yoshihiro KATO, Igor MEN'SHOV, 佳朗 中村, and Yoshiaki NAKAMURA. "非圧縮性流れ場と音場に分離された方程式による円柱まわりの空力音の計算." 日本機械学会, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9088.

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Books on the topic "Computational fluid dynamics; Wave loading"

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Paxson, Daniel E. Wave augmented diffusers for centrifugal compressors. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1998.

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Paxson, Daniel E. A numerical model for dynamic wave rotor analysis. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Paxson, Daniel E. A numerical model for dynamic wave rotor analysis. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Wilson, Jack. Optimization of wave rotors for use as gas turbine engine topping cycles. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Scott, James R. Compressible flows with periodic vortical disturbances around lifting airfoils. [Cleveland, Ohio: Lewis Research Center, 1991.

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Harloff, G. J. Numerical simulation of supersonic flow using a new analytical bleed boundary condition. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Kussoy, Marvin. Hypersonic flows as related to the national aerospace plane: Semi-annual research report for the period August 1, 1990 - February 28, 1991. Sunnyvale, Calif: Eloret Institute, 1991.

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Holland, Scott D. Mach 10 experimental database of a three-dimensional scramjet inlet flow field. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1995.

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Computational Wave Dynamics. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2013.

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executive, Health and safety. Some Calculations of Fluid Loading Using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Health and Safety Executive (HSE), 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Computational fluid dynamics; Wave loading"

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Oka, Hideyuki, Tetuya Kawamura, and Katsuya Ishii. "Numerical Simulation on the Propagation of an Internal Wave in Multifluid." In Computational Fluid Dynamics 2000, 639–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56535-9_97.

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Jamaluddin, Ahmad R., Graham J. Ball, and Timothy G. Leighton. "Free-Lagrange Simulations of Shock/Bubble Interaction in Shock Wave Lithotripsy." In Computational Fluid Dynamics 2002, 541–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59334-5_81.

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Markov, Andrey, Igor Filimonov, and Karen Martirosyan. "Thermal Reaction Wave Simulation Using Micro and Macro Scale Interaction Model." In Computational Fluid Dynamics 2010, 929–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17884-9_126.

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Holmes, John D., and Seifu A. Bekele. "Application of computational fluid dynamics to wind loading." In Wind Loading of Structures, 477–505. Fourth edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021. |: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429296123-16.

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Cheng, C. F., and T. W. David Ngu. "CFD Study of Traveling Wave within a Piston-Less Striling Heat Engine." In Computational Fluid Dynamics 2008, 813–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01273-0_113.

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Matsumoto, Akira, and Shigeru Aso. "Nonequilibrium Effects on Shock Wave/Bounday Layer Interaction in High Enthalpy Flow." In Computational Fluid Dynamics 2000, 183–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56535-9_25.

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Hu, Xiang Yu, Boo Cheong Khoo, De Liang Zhang, and Zong Lin Jiang. "Numerical Studies on the Reaction Zones in a Detonation Wave with a Detailed Chemical Reaction Model." In Computational Fluid Dynamics 2002, 502–7. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59334-5_75.

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Tsubakino, Daisuke, Yoshiteru Tanaka, and Kozo Fujii. "Numerical Analysis for Magnetic Control of Heat-Transfer and Pressure in Hypersonic Shock Wave Interference Flows." In Computational Fluid Dynamics 2006, 701–6. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-92779-2_110.

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Kawarada, H., E. Baba, and H. Suito. "Effects of Wave Breaking Action on Flows in Tidal-flats." In Computational Fluid Dynamics for the 21st Century, 275–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-44959-1_17.

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Öncül, Alper A., Yvonne Genzel, Udo Reichl, and Dominique Thévenin. "Flow Characterization in Wave Bioreactors Using Computational Fluid Dynamics." In Proceedings of the 21st Annual Meeting of the European Society for Animal Cell Technology (ESACT), Dublin, Ireland, June 7-10, 2009, 455–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0884-6_78.

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Conference papers on the topic "Computational fluid dynamics; Wave loading"

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Mucha, Philipp, Amy Robertson, Jason Jonkman, and Fabian Wendt. "Hydrodynamic Analysis of a Suspended Cylinder Under Regular Wave Loading Based on Computational Fluid Dynamics." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95533.

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Abstract An investigation into the computation of hydrodynamic loads on a suspended cylinder in regular waves is presented. The primary goal was to perform a three-way validation of the loads between experimental measurements and simulations from two computational methods. Experimental measurements of the longitudinal in-line force on a cylinder suspended at a fixed position were available from the Offshore Code Comparison Collaboration, Continued, with Correlation (OC5) project, Phase Ia. These measurements were compared to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations based on the solution of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, as implemented in STAR-CCM+. The study encompassed a sensitivity analysis of the loads computed in STAR-CCM+ based on wave modeling, boundary conditions, turbulence modeling, and spatial and temporal discretization. The analysis was supplemented by results generated with the offshore wind turbine engineering software OpenFAST, based on a hybrid combination of second-order potential flow and viscous drag from Morison’s equation. The focus of the investigation was on the assessment of the accuracy of the computation of first- and higher-order hydrodynamic loads. Substantial differences were observed in the numerical prediction of the second and third harmonic force contribution. Local flow field analysis with CFD was applied to study the physics of wave run-up and diffraction dynamics to identify the causes.
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Sarvghad-Moghaddam, Hesam, Ashkan Eslaminejad, Nassibeh Hosseini, Mariusz Ziejewski, and Ghodrat Karami. "Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Blast Wave Interaction With Head and Helmet." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69448.

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Blast waves are generated upon release of a large amount of energy in few milliseconds. Upon release, these high pressure waves propagate rapidly and interact with human head and lead to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Understanding the mechanics of blast flow would allow us to develop effective tools to protect the head against these shockwaves. Military helmets are known as the most effective tool for protecting the soldier’s head against blast threats. However, due to the complicated nature of the shockwave development and propagation, as well as its interaction with head and helmet, the efficiency of helmets is still in question. The major problem with using helmets under blast loading is the entrapment of blast shockwaves inside the helmet gap and its reflection from the interior of the helmet’s shell. Moreover, development of an amplified pressure region at the opposite side of the incoming blast waves, referred to as the underwash effect of helmets has raised some concerns. To this end, we performed a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis to better understand the mechanism of the blast shockwave interaction with head, as well as the effect of the helmet on the alteration of flow mechanics. The compressible, turbulent blast flow was simulated in ANSYS CFX by releasing the air from a high-pressure domain into the low-pressure one (at ambient pressure). The un/protected heads were exposed to an identical blast overpressure of 520 kPa in a frontal open blast scenario. Pressure contours and velocity profiles were recorded at several time instances for both unprotected and helmeted heads. Our primary results revealed that the change of the flow momentum inside the helmet gap, the reunion of the blast flow inside the gap as well as the development of adverse pressure gradient (and hence recirculating flow region) at the rear side of the head are the major reasons leading to this adverse phenomenon.
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Tan, X. G., Andrzej J. Przekwas, Gregory Rule, Kaushik Iyer, Kyle Ott, and Andrew Merkle. "Modeling Articulated Human Body Dynamics Under a Representative Blast Loading." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64331.

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Blast waves resulting from both industrial explosions and terrorist attacks cause devastating effects to exposed humans and structures. Blast related injuries are frequently reported in the international news and are of great interest to agencies involved in military and civilian protection. Mathematical models of explosion blast interaction with structures and humans can provide valuable input in the design of protective structures and practices, in injury diagnostics and forensics. Accurate simulation of blast wave interaction with a human body and the human body biodynamic response to the blast loading is very challenging and to the best of our knowledge has not been reported yet. A high-fidelity computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model is required to capture the reflections, diffractions, areas of stagnation, and other effects when the shock and blast waves respond to an object placed in the field. In this effort we simulated a representative free field blast event with a standing human exposed to the threat using the Second Order Hydrodynamic Automatic Mesh Refinement Code (SHAMRC). During the CFD analysis the pressure time history around the human body is calculated, along with the fragment loads. Subsequently these blast loads are applied to a fully articulated human body using the multi-physics code CoBi. In CoBi we developed a novel computational model for the articulated human body dynamics by utilizing the anatomical geometry of human body. The articulated human body dynamics are computed by an implicit multi-body solver which ensures the unconditional stability and guarantees the quadratic rate of convergence. The developed solver enforces the kinematic constraints well while imposing no limitation on the time step size. The main advantage of the model is the anatomical surface representation of a human body which can accurately account for both the surface loading and the surface interaction. The inertial properties are calculated using a finite element method. We also developed an efficient interface to apply the blast wave loading on the human body surface. The numerical results show that the developed model is capable of reasonably predicting the human body dynamics and can be used to study the primary injury mechanism. We also demonstrate that the human body response is affected by many factors such as human inertia properties, contact damping and the coefficient of friction between the human body and the environment. By comparing the computational results with the real scenario, we can calibrate these input parameters to improve the accuracy of articulated human body model.
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Green, Johnathan, Terry Griffiths, and Chris Craddock. "Hydrodynamic Forces due to Oblique Wave and Current Loading on Untrenched Subsea Pipelines." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23500.

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A number of oil and gas projects encounter significant costs to achieve subsea pipeline stabilization using present methods. The standard procedure to estimate pipeline stability is to consider the worst combination of amplitude and direction of the current and waves that the pipe will undergo during its operational lifetime. To calculate the hydrodynamic forces a common approach is to consider only the component of the fluid velocity perpendicular to the pipe axis according to the independence principle. The hydrodynamic coefficients are then taken from a case where the fluid flow is perpendicular to the pipe for similar flow characteristics. A substantial amount of research has been carried out to assess the hydrodynamic forces on pipelines with the current and wave directions collinear and perpendicular to the pipe. However, only limited information is available on pipeline hydrodynamic forces for highly oblique current and wave flow. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis was carried out to investigate the effect on pipeline hydrodynamic forces for highly oblique collinear and non-collinear current and wave directions. The work was carried out as part of the STABLEpipe JIP (1) (with participation by Woodside, Chevron, The University of Western Australia, and Wood Group Kenny) which aims to achieve a step-change improvement in the approaches to stability design, especially on mobile or erodible sea beds.
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Ali, Md Ashim, Heather Peng, and Wei Qiu. "Benchmark Studies of Wave Run-Up and Forces on a Truncated Square Cylinder." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-62358.

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This paper presents the numerical results of wave run-up and loading on a single truncated square cylinder using the open source computational fluid dynamics software, OpenFOAM. The computed wave elevations on the cylinder in waves with various steepness and periods were compared with experimental data. The work focused on verification and validation studies. Parameters that affect the numerical solutions, including grid resolution, grid distribution over the wavelength and wave height, and time step, were investigated.
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Lande, Øystein, and Thomas Berge Johannessen. "Propagation of Steep and Breaking Short-Crested Waves: A Comparison of CFD Codes." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78288.

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Using the computational fluid domain for propagation of ocean waves have become an important tool for the calculation of highly nonlinear wave loading on offshore structures such as run-up, wave slamming and non-linear breaking wave kinematics. At present, there are many computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes available which can be employed to calculate water wave propagation and wave induced loading on structures. For practical reasons, however, the use of these codes is often limited to the propagation of regular uni-directional waves initiated very close to the structure, or to investigating the properties and loading due to measured waves by fitting a numerical wave to a measured wave profile. The present paper focuses on the propagation of steep irregular and short crested wave groups up to the point of breaking. Indeed, this is challenging because of the highly nonlinear behavior of irregular wave groups as steepness increases and they approach the point of breaking. The complexity further increases with the introduction of short-crestedness requiring computation in a large 3-dimentional domain. Two CFD codes are used in this comparison study which are believed to be well conditioned for wave propagation, the commercial code ComFLOW (available through the ComFLOW JIP project) and the open-source code BASILISK. The primary objective of this paper to show the two CFD codes capability of recreating measured irregular wave groups, using the known linear wave components from the model test as input to fluid domain. Wave elevation is measured at several locations in the close vicinity of the focus point. The comparison is carried out for a selection of events with variation in steepness, wave spreading and wave spectrum.
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Attiya, Bashar, I.-Han Liu, Cosan Daskiran, Jacob Riglin, and Alparslan Oztekin. "Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations in Flow Past Arrays of Finite Plate: Marine Current Energy Harvesting Applications." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70900.

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Computational fluid dynamics simulations have been conducted for flows past two finite tandem plates at Reynolds number of 50,000. Large Eddy Simulations (LES) were employed in two and three-dimensional geometries to study the interference between tandem plate pair. In order to study the effects of plate corner angle on the flow field and drag forces, two different plate end corners, 90° and a sharp 45° corner angle, were also investigated. The switching from 90° to 45° corners complicate the flow pattern, increase the mean value of drag force and the fluctuations of the drag on the plate. As vortices shed from the upstream plate and reached close proximity to the face of the downstream plate, the vortex cores deformed highly. This behavior reduces the drag coefficient in the downstream plate. Drag coefficient was higher in the 45° case, for both the up and downstream plates by 5% and 10% respectively. Drag coefficient of downstream is recovered almost fully in the 45° case with just 3% difference from the upstream compared to 7% difference in 90° case. Lagrangian Coherent structures were identified and presented in a two-dimensional geometry. This gave a better understanding of the wake flow structure and their influence on the hydrodynamic loading on plates. Contours of vorticity fields and iso-surfaces of Q-criterion, and pressure distribution around the plates were also presented and discussed.
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Ma, Wentao, Xuning Zhao, and Kevin Wang. "A Fluid-Structure Coupled Computational Model for the Certification of Shock-Resistant Elastomer Coatings." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18501.

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Abstract Shock waves from underwater and air explosions are significant threats to surface and underwater vehicles and structures. Recent studies on the mechanical and thermal properties of various phase-separated elastomers indicate the possibility of applying these materials as a coating to mitigate shock-induced structural failures. To demonstrate this approach and investigate its efficacy, this paper presents a fluid-structure coupled computational model capable of predicting the dynamic response of air-backed bilayer (i.e. elastomer coating – metal substrate) structures submerged in water to hydrostatic and underwater explosion loads. The model couples a three-dimensional multiphase finite volume computational fluid dynamics model with a nonlinear finite element computational solid dynamics model using the FIVER (FInite Volume method with Exact multi-material Riemann solvers) method. The kinematic boundary condition at the fluid-structure interface is enforced using an embedded boundary method that is capable of handling large structural deformation and topological changes. The dynamic interface condition is enforced by formulating and solving local, one-dimensional fluid-solid Riemann problems, which is well-suited for transferring shock and impulsive loads. The capability of this computational model is demonstrated through a numerical investigation of hydrostatic and shock-induced collapse of aluminum tubes with polyurea coating on its inner surface. The thickness of the structure is resolved explicitly by the finite element mesh. The nonlinear material behavior of polyurea is accounted for using a hyper-viscoelastic constitutive model featuring a modified Mooney-Rivlin equation and a stress relaxation function in the form of prony series. Three numerical experiments are conducted to simulate and compare the collapse of the structure in different loading conditions, including a constant pressure, a fluid environment initially in hydrostatic equilibrium, and a two-phase fluid flow created by a near-field underwater explosion.
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Abdussamie, Nagi, Giles Thomas, Walid Amin, and Roberto Ojeda. "Wave-in-Deck Forces on Fixed Horizontal Decks of Offshore Platforms." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23629.

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The problem of wave-in-deck loading on offshore structures involves complex physical mechanisms which require close study. In this paper, the wave-in-deck forces generated on the bottom plate of a rigidly mounted, box-shaped structure subjected to unidirectional regular waves are quantified by means of two approaches. The first is an analytical momentum approach recommended by classification societies and the second is a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach based on the volume of fluid (VOF) method implemented in the commercial code FLUENT. The change in force due to very small variations in wave steepness and air gap is investigated and discussed. Several numerical trials are conducted to optimise the computational domain and model discretisation suggestions are made. The numerical results are compared with physical model tests recently carried out at the Australian Maritime College (AMC). The results of the successive wave impacts are analysed using a discrete wavelet tool to ensure that the temporal information of slamming events is not lost in signal analysis and filtering. By comparing the theoretical and experimental results it was found that in many cases the momentum method underestimates the magnitude of the horizontal and upward directed wave-in-deck forces. Although the three-dimensional CFD cases tested are noticeably time-consuming, these simulations were found to be in good agreement with the experimental measurements.
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Gatin, I., S. Liu, N. Vladimir, and H. Jasak. "Wave Impact Loads Prediction With Compressible Air Effects Using CFD." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96026.

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Abstract A computational method for predicting wave impact loads where compressible air effects might be present is presented in this paper. The method is a Finite Volume based Computational Fluid Dynamics method where air is modelled as a compressible ideal gas while water is treated as incompressible. Special numerical treatment of the interface based on the Ghost Fluid Method enables capturing the sharp transition in compressible properties of air and water across the free surface, making the method accurate for predicting trapped air pockets during wave impacts or slamming. The approach enables predicting impacts where trapped air pockets play an important role in the loading of the structure due to the capacity to absorb and redistribute wave impact energy. The present approach is validated on a falling water slamming case where trapped air compression is present. Next, a full scale wave breaking impact on a vertical wall is simulated and the results compared to experimental measurements, with trapped air compression effects. Finally, the method is applied on a breakwater green water loading calculation of an Ultra Large Container Ship in an extreme focused wave impact based on the Response Conditioned Wave theory. Motion of the container vessel is calculated directly during the simulation. The calculation is shown to be computed with limited computer resources in reasonable amount of time. Overall the approach proved to be accurate, robust and efficient, providing a tool for assessing wave impact loads with or without compressible air effects.
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