Journal articles: 'Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)'

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Schierholz, W. F., and N. Gilbert. "Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 75, no. 10 (October 15, 2003): 1412–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.200303306.

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Drikakis, Dimitris, Michael Frank, and Gavin Tabor. "Multiscale Computational Fluid Dynamics." Energies 12, no. 17 (August 25, 2019): 3272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12173272.

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Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has numerous applications in the field of energy research, in modelling the basic physics of combustion, multiphase flow and heat transfer; and in the simulation of mechanical devices such as turbines, wind wave and tidal devices, and other devices for energy generation. With the constant increase in available computing power, the fidelity and accuracy of CFD simulations have constantly improved, and the technique is now an integral part of research and development. In the past few years, the development of multiscale methods has emerged as a topic of intensive research. The variable scales may be associated with scales of turbulence, or other physical processes which operate across a range of different scales, and often lead to spatial and temporal scales crossing the boundaries of continuum and molecular mechanics. In this paper, we present a short review of multiscale CFD frameworks with potential applications to energy problems.

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Denton, J. D., and W. N. Dawes. "Computational fluid dynamics for turbomachinery design." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 213, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 107–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406991522211.

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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) probably plays a greater part in the aerodynamic design of turbomachinery than it does in any other engineering application. For many years the design of a modern turbine or compressor has been unthinkable without the help of CFD and this dependence has increased as more of the flow becomes amenable to numerical prediction. The benefits of CFD range from shorter design cycles to better performance and reduced costs and weight. This paper presents a review of the main CFD methods in use, discusses their advantages and limitations and points out where further developments are required. The paper is concerned with the application of CFD and does not describe the numerical methods or turbulence modelling in any detail.

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Fisher, E. H., and N. Rhodes. "Uncertainty in Computational Fluid Dynamics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 210, no. 1 (January 1996): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1996_210_173_02.

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The Annual EPSRC/IMechE Expert Meeting brought together some 44 experts to consider sources of uncertainty in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Presentations and discussions covered modelling, numerical solution techniques, boundary conditions, evaluation protocols and QA (quality assurance) procedures. The principal conclusions to emerge were: (a) the need for additional collaborative validation studies; (b) the desirability of introducing appropriate QA procedures, possibly based on the CFD Community Club initiative; (c) the need for additional postgraduate training, possibly based on the IGDS principle; (d) the value of continuing work in modelling and error estimation techniques for numerical schemes.

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Hamill, Nathalie. "Streamlining Fluid Dynamics." Mechanical Engineering 120, no. 03 (March 1, 1998): 76–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1998-mar-1.

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More-intuitive pre-processors and advanced solvers are making computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software easier to use, more accurate, and faster. CFD techniques involve the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations that describe fluid-flow processes. Using MSC/ PATRAN as a starting point, AEA Technology plc, Harwell, Oxfordshire, England, has developed a pre-processor for its software that is fully computer-aided design (CAD)-compatible and works with native CAD databases such as CADDS 5, CATIA, Euclid3, Pro /ENG INEER, and Unigraphics. The simplicity of modeling complex geometries in CFX allows more details to be included in models, such as gangways between coaches, bogies, and even some parts of the pantograph. CFX 5's coupled solver offers a radically different approach that solves all the hydrodynamic equations as a single system. CFX 5 has demonstrated its ability to deliver much faster pre-processing and shorter run times, thus increasing productivity for its users. CFX 5.2 should be a further step forward in commercial CFD, with its mixed element types combining the accuracy of prismatic meshes adjacent to surfaces with the speed and geometric flexibility of tetrahedral elements in the remainder of the grid.

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Bao, Henry. "Airfoil design with computational fluid dynamics." Theoretical and Natural Science 11, no. 1 (November 17, 2023): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/11/20230368.

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In many industries, there is a need to model the flow of air over structural components. With sufficient information from these models, engineers can better implement these parts into a complete design. The purpose of this paper is to provide a model of specific airfoils using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). With computational fluid dynamics, the characteristics of air around an airfoil can be modeled, providing useful data to engineers who could be designing an airfoil or airplane. The CFD calculations are performed using Python, along with the two packages Numpy and Matplotlib. The governing equations of CFD, including Newton's Second Law, small disturbance equation (SDE), wave propagation, etc. are discretized and transformed into partial differentiation equations (PDE). Using the second order derivative of the wave propagation PDE, the SDE can be solved in iterations and plotted on a graph showing the velocity distributions for a particular airfoil. The results from the CFD calculations show general trends in velocity distributions, regardless of airfoil shape. These include a decrease in x-direction velocity at the ends of an airfoil with an increase at the midsection of the airfoil. Also, y-direction velocity is generally positive and increasing at the front of the airfoil, but negative and decreasing at the end of the airfoil. What is important to understand is how different airfoil shapes can change velocity distributions, moving to using 3D CFD calculations, and the possibility of using CFD for modeling airflow over a multitude of objects.[ Henry Bao, the first author, participated in the Illinois junior academy of science state fair, and abstracts of the regional winners' presentations were posted online. (ilacadofsci.com)]

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Gou, Mengjiao, Bohua Liu, Xiaomao Sun, and Yuli Ma. "Computational fluid dynamics grid technology development." Frontiers in Computing and Intelligent Systems 1, no. 3 (October 25, 2022): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fcis.v1i3.2110.

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This paper reviews the development of computational fluid dynamics, especially computational aerodynamics. This paper summarizes the achievements of CFD in grid technology, analyzes the existing problems and perplexities, and prospects its development trend. The CFD grid technology includes structured grid, unstructured grid, hybrid grid and overlapping grid.

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Choi, Seongim, Anubhav Datta, and Juan J. Alonso. "Prediction of Helicopter Rotor Loads Using Time-Spectral Computational Fluid Dynamics and an Exact Fluid–Structure Interface." Journal of the American Helicopter Society 56, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/jahs.56.042001.

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The objectives of this paper are to introduce time-spectral computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the analysis of helicopter rotor flows in level flight and to introduce an exact fluid–structure interface for coupled CFD/computational structural dynamics (CSD) analysis. The accuracy and efficiency of time-spectral CFD are compared with conventional time-marching computations. The exact interface is equipped with an exact delta coupling procedure that bypasses the requirement for sectional airloads. Predicted loads are compared between time-spectral and time-marching CFD using both interfaces and validated using UH-60A flight data for high-vibration and dynamic stall conditions. It is concluded that time-spectral CFD can indeed predict rotor performance and peak-to-peak structural loads efficiently, and hence, open opportunity for blade shape optimization. The vibratory and dynamic stall loads, however, require a large number of time instances, which reduces its efficiency. The exact interface and delta procedure allow coupling to be implemented for arbitrary grids and advanced structural models exactly, without the requirement for two-dimensional sectional airloads.

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van Driel, Michael R. "Cardioplegia heat exchanger design modelling using computational fluid dynamics." Perfusion 15, no. 6 (December 2000): 541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765910001500611.

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A new cardioplegia heat exchanger has been developed by Sorin Biomedica. A three-dimensional computer-aided design (CAD) model was optimized using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling. CFD optimization techniques have commonly been applied to velocity flow field analysis, but CFD analysis was also used in this study to predict the heat exchange performance of the design before prototype fabrication. The iterative results of the optimization and the actual heat exchange performance of the final configuration are presented in this paper. Based on the behaviour of this model, both the water and blood fluid flow paths of the heat exchanger were optimized. The simulation predicted superior heat exchange performance using an optimal amount of energy exchange surface area, reducing the total contact surface area, the device priming volume and the material costs. Experimental results confirm the empirical results predicted by the CFD analysis.

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Yeo, Hyeonsoo, Mark Potsdam, and Robert A. Ormiston. "Rotor Aeroelastic Stability Analysis Using Coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics/Computational Structural Dynamics." Journal of the American Helicopter Society 56, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/jahs.56.042003.

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Computational fluid dynamics/computational structural dynamics (CFD/CSD) coupling was successfully applied to the rotor aeroelastic stability problem to calculate lead–lag regressing mode damping of a hingeless rotor in hover and forward flight. A direct time domain numerical integration of the equations in response to suitable excitation was solved using a tight CFD/CSD coupling. Two different excitation methods—swashplate cyclic pitch and blade tip lead–lag force excitations—were investigated to provide suitable blade transient responses. The free decay transient response time histories were postprocessed using the moving-block method to determine the damping as a function of the rotor operating conditions. Coupled CFD/CSD analysis results are compared with the experimentally measured stability data obtained for a 7.5-ft-diameter Mach-scale hingeless rotor model as well as stability predictions using the comprehensive analysis Rotorcraft Comprehensive Analysis System (RCAS). The coupled CFD/CSD predictions agreed more closely with the experimental lead–lag damping measurements than RCAS predictions based on conventional aerodynamic methods, better capturing key features in the damping trends.

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Patil, Digambar, and Sachin Kadam. "Basics of computational fluid dynamics: An overview." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1130, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1130/1/012042.

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Abstract Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) deals with equations that control fluid motion. CFD has several applications in diverse technical domains. In this review paper, a discussion was made on the basics of CFD and its applications in multiple domains. To tackle the fluid problem, CFD has some said procedure that needs to be followed to arrive at the solution step. The first step is to write down a mathematical equation for fluid flow. These mathematical equations are a set of partial derivatives. Discretizing is the next step to deriving this equation concerning numerical equivalent. After that, the domain is divided into tiny grids, popularly known as meshing. The final step involves deciding whether boundary conditions align with the fluid problem. In all CFD standards, these three aspects play an essential role, i.e. (1) A pre-processor is responsible for creating geometry, mesh generation, and providing flow characteristics and boundary conditions to the standard code. (2) A flow solver is utilized to solve equations related to the fluid issue. Researchers commonly use flow solvers, including the finite element method, finite difference method, and finite volume method. (3) A post-processor gives the final display output graphically and understandably. According to most researchers, recent improvements in computational fluid dynamics have created low-cost opportunities. This paper helps to comprehend the CFD standards procedure to solve the fluid problem.

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Mehta, U. B. "Some Aspects of Uncertainty in Computational Fluid Dynamics Results." Journal of Fluids Engineering 113, no. 4 (December 1, 1991): 538–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2926512.

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Uncertainties are inherent in computational fluid dynamics (CFD). These uncertainties need to be systematically addressed and managed. Sources of these uncertainties are identified and some aspects of uncertainty analysis are discussed. Some recommendations are made for quantification of CFD uncertainties. A practical method of uncertainty analysis is based on sensitivity analysis. When CFD is used to design fluid dynamic systems, sensitivity-uncertainty analysis is essential.

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Douglass, R. W., and J. D. Ramshaw. "Perspective: Future Research Directions in Computational Fluid Dynamics." Journal of Fluids Engineering 116, no. 2 (June 1, 1994): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910256.

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The current state of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has yet to reach its full promise as a general tool for engineering design and simulation. Research in the areas of code robustness, complex flows of real fluids, and numerical errors and resolution are proposed as directions aiming toward that goal. We illustrate some of the current CFD challenges using selected applications.

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HE, JIANKANG, DICHEN LI, YAXIONG LIU, XIAO LI, SHANGLONG XU, and BINGHENG LU. "COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 11, no. 02 (April 2011): 307–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519411004046.

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Hydrodynamic cellular environment plays an important role in translating engineered tissue constructs into clinically useful grafts. However, the cellular fluid dynamic environment inside bioreactor systems is highly complex and it is normally impractical to experimentally characterize the local flow patterns at the cellular scale. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been recognized as an invaluable and reliable alternative to investigate the complex relationship between hydrodynamic environments and the regeneration of engineered tissues at both the macroscopic and microscopic scales. This review describes the applications of CFD simulations to probe the hydrodynamic environment parameters (e.g., flow rate, shear stress, etc.) and the corresponding experimental validations. We highlight the use of CFD to optimize bioreactor design and scaffold architectures for improved ex-vivo hydrodynamic environments. It is envisioned that CFD could be used to customize specific hydrodynamic cellular environments to meet the unique requirements of different cell types in combination with advanced manufacturing techniques and finally facilitate the maturation of tissue-engineered constructs.

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Gonzales, Howell B., John Tatarko, Mark E. Casada, Ronaldo G. Maghirang, Lawrence J. Hagen, and Charles J. Barden. "Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of Airflow through Standing Vegetation." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 6 (2019): 1713–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13449.

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Abstract. Maintaining vegetative cover on the soil surface is the most widely used method for control of soil loss by wind erosion. We numerically modeled airflow through artificial standing vegetation (i.e., simulated wheat plants) using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). A solver (simpleFoam within the OpenFOAM software architecture) was used to simulate airflow through various three-dimensional (3D) canopy structures in a wind tunnel, which were created using another open-source CAD geometry software (Salomé ver. 7.2). This study focused on two specific objectives: (1) model airflow through standing vegetation using CFD, and (2) compare the results of a previous wind tunnel study with various artificial vegetation configurations to the results of the CFD model. Wind speeds measured in the wind tunnel experiment differed slightly from the numerical simulation using CFD, especially near positions where simulated vegetation was present. Effective drag coefficients computed using wind profiles did not differ significantly (p <0.05) between the experimental and simulated results. Results of this study will provide information for research into other types of simulated stubble or sparse vegetation during wind erosion events.HighlightsMeasured airflow through a simulated canopy was successfully modeled using CFD software.Effective drag coefficients did not differ between the experimental and simulated results.Results of this study provide 3-D simulation data of wind flow through a plant canopy. Keywords: 3-D canopy structure, OpenFOAM, Wind erosion, Wind tunnel studies.

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Chew, John W., and Nicholas J. Hills. "Computational fluid dynamics for turbomachinery internal air systems." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 365, no. 1859 (May 22, 2007): 2587–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2022.

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Considerable progress in development and application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for aeroengine internal flow systems has been made in recent years. CFD is regularly used in industry for assessment of air systems, and the performance of CFD for basic axisymmetric rotor/rotor and stator/rotor disc cavities with radial throughflow is largely understood and documented. Incorporation of three-dimensional geometrical features and calculation of unsteady flows are becoming commonplace. Automation of CFD, coupling with thermal models of the solid components, and extension of CFD models to include both air system and main gas path flows are current areas of development. CFD is also being used as a research tool to investigate a number of flow phenomena that are not yet fully understood. These include buoyancy-affected flows in rotating cavities, rim seal flows and mixed air/oil flows. Large eddy simulation has shown considerable promise for the buoyancy-driven flows and its use for air system flows is expected to expand in the future.

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Akshay Shirsikar, Punam Khatik, Kuldeep Singh, and Lachhi Ram. "Optimized Wiper Design using Computational Fluid Dynamics." ARAI Journal of Mobility Technology 2, no. 4 (November 19, 2022): 401–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ajmt.2.4.8.

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This paper presents the robust use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques as complement to wind tunnel testing for the performance assessment of rain water and wiper wash behavior on windscreen surfaces. The objective of this paper is to predict windscreen wiper design performance and its effectiveness with the help of CFD. Clear visibility to the occupants is the key for stress free and safer driving experience, therefore it is important to study the windscreen wiper system performance under different work load conditions. A multi-phase CFD code is used to simulate rain drops and its impingent on the vehicle is modeled with the help of thin liquid film. The wiper blade motion is defined with inputs from multi body dynamics (MBD) considering the driver and passenger side wiper blade speed and extent. Time-dependent results for the wiper blade location, water fluid film spread, and its height on the windscreen, A-pillar, leaf-screen rain gutters were obtained. The CFD results then equated with the physical test data. The calculated water film pattern found to be associated with the observed patterns of the waterways on the test vehicle. Multiple design studies were performed on the CFD model which are also reliable with similar test configurations. From the results, it is concluded that numerical simulation of water behavior on vehicle surfaces is possible, and CFD method is effective tool to assist engineers in envisaging, analyzing, and designing water management systems. A Computational Fluid Dynamics code had been introduced in order to simulate the cleaning performance of the automobile wash. Multi-phase thin film with rigid body motion models were used for this purpose. The objectives of the project were to quantify the water flow, enhance visualization, and develop a CAE methodology which will assist in the product development process.

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Chew, J. W., and N. J. Hills. "Computational fluid dynamics and virtual aeroengine modelling." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 223, no. 12 (September 8, 2009): 2821–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes1597.

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Use of large-scale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models in aeroengine design has grown rapidly in recent years as parallel computing hardware has become available. This has reached the point where research aimed at the development of CFD-based ‘virtual engine test cells’ is underway, with considerable debate of the subject within the industrial and research communities. The present article considers and illustrates the state-of-the art and prospects for advances in this field. Limitations to CFD model accuracy, the need for aero-thermo-mechanical analysis through an engine flight cycle, coupling of numerical solutions for solid and fluid domains, and timescales for capability development are considered. While the fidelity of large-scale CFD models will remain limited by turbulence modelling and other issues for the foreseeable future, it is clear that use of multi-scale, multi-physics modelling in engine design will expand considerably. Development of user-friendly, versatile, efficient programs and systems for use in a massively parallel computing environment is considered a key issue.

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Sezer-Uzol, N., A. Sharma, and L. N. Long. "Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations of Ship Airwake." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 219, no. 5 (May 1, 2005): 369–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095441005x30306.

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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of ship airwakes are discussed in this article. CFD is used to simulate the airwakes of landing helicopter assault (LHA) and landing platform dock-17 (LPD-17) classes of ships. The focus is on capturing the massively separated flow from sharp edges of blunt bodies, while ignoring the viscous effects. A parallel, finite-volume flow solver is used with unstructured grids on full-scale ship models for the CFD calculations. Both steady-state and time-accurate results are presented for a wind speed of 15.43 m/s (30 knot) and for six different wind-over-deck angles. The article also reviews other computational and experimental ship airwake research.

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Einarsrud, Kristian Etienne, Varun Loomba, and Jan Erik Olsen. "Special Issue: Applied Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)." Processes 11, no. 2 (February 3, 2023): 461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11020461.

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Wassner, E. "Fachausschüsse “Rheologie” und “Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)”." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 74, no. 1-2 (February 2002): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1522-2640(200202)74:1/2<136::aid-cite136>3.0.co;2-t.

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Mannan, Mohammed Abdul, and Dr Md Fakhruddin H. N. "Computational Fluid Dynamics in Coronary and Intra-Cardiac Flow Simulation." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 688–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45280.

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Abstract: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a field of mechanical engineering for the analysis of fluid flows, heat transfer, and related phenomena, using computer simulations. CFD is a widely adopted methodology for solving complex problems in many areas of modern engineering. The merits of CFD are the development of new and improved equipment and system designs, and optimizations are performed on existing equipment through simulation, leading to increased efficiency and reduced costs. However, in the biomedical sector, CFD are still emerging. The main reason why CFD in the biomedical field lags behind is the enormous complexity in the workings of human body fluids. Recently, biomedical CFD research has become more accessible as high-performance hardware and software are readily available because of advances in computing. Every CFD process contains three main components that provide useful information, Pre-processing, formula resolution, and post-processing. Precise initial boundary conditions and geometric models are essential to obtain appropriate results. Medical imaging, like ultrasound imaging, computerized tomography, and resonance imaging can be used for modeling, and Doppler ultrasound, manometers, and noninvasive manometers are used for flow velocity and pressure as boundary conditions.

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Matmusaev, Maruf, Yasuhiro Yamada, Tsukasa Kawase, Riki Tanaka, Miyatani Kyosuke, Yoko Kato, and Ahmed Ansari. "Computational Fluid Dynamics in Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms." Romanian Neurosurgery 32, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/romneu-2018-0041.

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Abstract Introduction and Objective: Intracranial aneurysm, also known as brain aneurysm, is a cerebrovascular disorder in which weakness in the wall of a cerebral artery causes a localized dilation or ballooning of the blood vessel. There is no objective way, device or tools, of predicting rupture of aneurysm so far. Computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) was proposed as a tool to identify the rupture risk. Purpose of study: To reveal the correlation of CFD findings with intraoperative microscopic findings and prove the relevance of CFDin the prediction of rupture risk and in the management of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Subjects and Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted inNeurosurgery department of Fujita Health University Banbuntane Hotokukai Hospital, Nagoya, Japanduring a 3‑month period in 2018,from January to March, Ten patientswere diagnosed unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA). In diagnosis computed tomography (CT) angiogram, CFD and digital subtraction angiogram were included. Intraoperatively microscopic examination of the aneurysm wall was carried out and images recorded. The correlation between microscopic dome morphology and CFD information was performed. Results: Nine cases were found intraoperatively to have a higher risk of rupture based on the thinning of the wall. One cases had an atherosclerotic wall. All cases had low wall shear stress (WSS). In 90 % of cases Low WSS was able to predict the potency rupture risk in the near future. Conclusions: This study of CFD and its correlation with intraoperativefindings of the aneurysm suggested that low WSS of the aneurysm wall is associated with thin wall aneurysm and hence increased risk of aneurysm rupture. Thus CFD can be used to predict the risk of rupture of unruptured aneurysm and for planning of its treatment.

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Schweitzer, Jean, and Jeya Gandham. "Computational Fluid Dynamics in Torque Converters: Validation and Application." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 9, no. 6 (2003): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1023621x03000393.

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This article describes some of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) work being done on three-element torque converters using a commercially available package CFX TASCflow. The article details some of the work done to validate CFD results and gives examples of ways in which CFD is used in the torque-converter design process. Based on the validation study, it is shown that CFD can be used as a design and analysis tool to make decisions about design direction. Use of CFD in torque converters is a developing field. Thus, more work needs to be done before the requirement of hardware to validate designs can be fully eliminated. This article demonstrates the confidence level in torque converter CFD and demonstrates how it can be used to assist torqueconverter design today.

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Bibhab Kumar, Lodh. "The transformative role of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in chemical engineering." Open Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 1 (March 12, 2024): 001–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/ojc.000033.

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Chemical engineering is a discipline intrinsically linked to fluid behavior. From reaction kinetics to reactor design, understanding how fluids flow, mix, and transfer heat is paramount. Traditionally, this relied heavily on experimentation, a time-consuming and resource-intensive process. The emergence of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has revolutionized the field, offering a powerful in-silico approach to analyze fluid dynamics in chemical engineering processes. This review paper explores the transformative role of CFD, examining its impact on various aspects of chemical engineering, including reactor design, optimization, process intensification, scale-up, and safety analysis. The paper also discusses the challenges associated with CFD simulations, ongoing advancements in the field, and potential future directions.

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Chanel, Paul G., and John C. Doering. "Assessment of spillway modeling using computational fluid dynamics." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, no. 12 (December 2008): 1481–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-094.

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Throughout the design and planning period for future hydroelectric generating stations, hydraulic engineers are increasingly integrating computational fluid dynamics (CFD) into the process. As a result, hydraulic engineers are interested in the reliability of CFD software to provide accurate flow data for a wide range of structures, including a variety of different spillways. In the literature, CFD results have generally been in agreement with physical model experimental data. Despite past success, there has not been a comprehensive assessment that looks at the ability of CFD to model a range of different spillway configurations, including flows with various gate openings. In this article, Flow-3D is used to model the discharge over ogee-crested spillways. The numerical model results are compared with physical model studies for three case study evaluations. The comparison indicates that the accuracy of Flow-3D is related to the parameter P/Hd.

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Rigatelli, Gianluca, Marco Zuin, Sarthak Agarwal, Vivian Nguyen, Cardy Nguyen, Sanyaa Agarwal, and Thach Nguyen. "Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics in Cardiovascular Disease." TTU Journal of Biomedical Sciences 1, no. 1 (2022): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.53901/tjbs.2022.10.art02.

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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD), alone or coupled with the most advanced imaging tools, allows for the assessment of blood flow patterns in cardiovascular disease to both understand their pathophysiology and anticipate the results of their surgical or interventional repair. CFD is a mathematical technique that characterizes fluid flow using the laws of physics. Through the utilization of specific software and numerical procedures based on virtual simulation and/or patient data from computed tomography, resonance imaging, and 3D/4D ultrasound, models of circulation for most CHDs can be reconstructed. CFD can provide insight into the pathophysiology of coronary artery anomalies, interatrial shunts, coarctation of the aorta and bicuspid aortic valve, tetralogy of Fallot and univentricular heart, valvular heart disease, and aortic disease. In some cases, CFD may be able to simulate different types of surgical or interventional repairs, allowing for the tailoring of treatment accordingly.

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Barber, T. J., G. Doig, C. Beves, I. Watson, and S. Diasinos. "Synergistic integration of computational fluid dynamics and experimental fluid dynamics for ground effect aerodynamics studies." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 226, no. 6 (June 2012): 602–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410011414321.

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This article highlights the ‘synergistic’ use of experimental fluid dynamics (EFD) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD), where the two sets of simulations are performed concurrently and by the same researcher. In particular, examples from the area of ground effect aerodynamics are discussed, where the major facility used was also designed through a combination of CFD and EFD. Three examples are than outlined, to demonstrate the insight that can be obtained from the integration of CFD and EFD studies. The case studies are the study of dimple flow (to enhance aerodynamic performance), the analysis of a Formula-style front wing and wheel, and the study of compressible flow ground effect aerodynamics. In many instances, CFD has been used to not only provide complementary information to an experimental study, but to design the experiments. Laser-based, non-intrusive experimental techniques were used to provide an excellent complement to CFD. The large datasets found from both experimental and numerical simulations have required a new methodology to correlate the information; a new post-processing method has been developed, making use of the kriging and co-kriging estimators, to develop correlations between the often disparate data types.

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Fukasaku, K., M. Negoro, H. Iwase, K. Yokoi, and R. Himeno. "Computational Fluid Dynamics for Brain Circulation and Aneurysm with Therapeutic Devices." Interventional Neuroradiology 10, no. 2_suppl (December 2004): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15910199040100s220.

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We analysed fluid dynamics at brain arteries having multiple inflow and out flow like Willis ring based on clinical imaging modalities. In addition, we analysed fluid dynamics with therapeutic devices like coils and stents to simulate their influences to blood flow. 3D CTA and MRA obtained three-dimensional structures of the brain vessels. The centreline was obtained from the three dimensional structure. Diameter of the blood vessels was measured by 3D CTA/MRA then smooth surfaced blood vessel models were created. For the fluid analysis, we developed a home brew software which can display parameters such as streamline, etc. In addition, our CFD (computational fluid dynamics) software can work in collaboration with a CAD (computer aided design) software which we also developed (VCAD: Volume CAD). So, therapeutic devices such as coils, balloons and stents could be placed in the models and CFD analysis could be performed placing devices in the models. The flow pattern in the complicated vascular structure could be calculated such as Willis ring which has multiple inputs like ICA, VA and multiple outlets like MCA and PCA with communicating arteries. CFD with therapeutic devices could also analysed with our system.

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Bharti, Rahul, Bhaskaran Pranesh, Dharmaraj Sathianarayanan, Manickavasagam Palaniappan, and Gidugu Ananda Ramadass. "Added mass analysis of submersible using computational fluid dynamics." Maritime Technology and Research 6, no. 3 (February 3, 2024): 267954. http://dx.doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2024.267954.

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An estimation of the resistance acting on a manned submersible can be performed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The resistance force acting on a vehicle can be steady state or transient state drag. Steady state drag comes when a vehicle moves at a constant velocity but drag value increases or decreases when the vehicle accelerates or decelerates. Transient state drag acts on a vehicle when velocity changes. The addition or reduction in drag value is due to the added mass. This paper discusses two CFD approaches to calculate longitudinal added mass. The second CFD method is preferred due to the inaccuracy and assumptions involved in the first method. The preferred CFD method can be used to obtain the added mass for both standard shapes, as well as for complicated geometries like manned submersibles. The drag and added mass of the ellipsoid are calculated using CFD and compared with analytical and experimental results for validation. Additionally, an acceleration sensitivity study indicates that added mass is independent of acceleration. CFD methods proposed here are simple and time-efficient. By using this method, a submersible’s added mass can be calculated without employing expensive experimental methods or other CFD methods. Highlights A vehicle’s steady-state drag develops when moving at constant velocity, but the amount of drag increases or decreases when accelerating or decelerating The CFD method can be used to obtain the added mass of more complicated geometries like manned submersibles and standard shapes like spheres and cylinders An acceleration sensitivity study indicates that added mass is independent of acceleration

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nandan, Ruchir, Syed Mohammed Pasha, D. Ashish, and B. Ch Nookaraju. "Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of centrifugal pumps." E3S Web of Conferences 391 (2023): 01088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339101088.

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Centrifugal pumps are mostly used in different fields like industries, agriculture and domestic applications. Objective of this paper is to give a critical review of CFD analysis of centrifugal pump along with future scope for further improvement of flow efficiency. Computational Fluid Dynamics is the most used tool for simulation and analysis. 3-D numerical CFD tool is used for simulation of the flow field characteristics inside the pump machinery. CFD for centrifugal pump is used to solve numerical simulation problems working as a tool for getting performance prediction of modelled design at different conditions, and can derive information and study of pump performance on the system, Study of pressure contours, velocity contours, flow streamlines, cavitation analysis, analysis of interaction effects in different components, prediction of axial thrust etc., is also be studied by CFD techniques. Simulation makes it possible to visualize the flow condition inside a centrifugal pump. The present paper describes the head, power, efficiency and to evaluate the pump performance using the ANSYS CFX-14, a computational fluid dynamics simulation tool.

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Gaylard, A. P. "The Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Railway Aerodynamics." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 207, no. 2 (July 1993): 133–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1993_207_237_02.

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The growing application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to railway aerodynamics is described. After cautioning against overselling the capabilities of CFD codes, a review is presented of the more significant computational work undertaken in this field. Three recent applications of CFD are examined: (a) a high-speed rail vehicle in a cross-wind; (b) cross-flow impingement on a freight vehicle in the Channel Tunnel; (c) the temperature environment in a stationary passenger train. Comparative experimental data are offered for each of the above. An analysis of these applications is used to derive a promising strategy for the practical application of CFD.

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Shang, J. S. "Computational fluid dynamics application to aerospace science." Aeronautical Journal 113, no. 1148 (October 2009): 619–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000003298.

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Abstract A brief narration on significant accomplishments in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for basic research and aerospace application is attempted to highlight the outstanding achievements by scientists and engineers of this discipline. To traverse such a vast domain, numerous and excellent contributions to CFD will be unintentionally overlooked by the author’s limited exposure. Nevertheless it is an ardent hope that the present abridged literature review will aid to reaffirm excellence in research and to identify knowledge shortfalls both in aerodynamics and its modeling and simulation capability. The future modeling and simulation technology needs, as well as potential and fertile research areas, are humbly put forth for consideration.

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Wee, Ian, Chi Wei Ong, Nicholas Syn, and Andrew Choong. "Computational Fluid Dynamics and Aortic Dissections: Panacea or Panic?" Vascular and Endovascular Review 1, no. 1 (September 20, 2018): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/ver.2018.8.2.

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This paper reviews the methodology, benefits and limitations associated with computational flow dynamics (CFD) in the field of vascular surgery. Combined with traditional imaging of the vasculature, CFD simulation enables accurate characterisation of real-time physiological and haemodynamic parameters such as wall shear stress. This enables vascular surgeons to understand haemodynamic changes in true and false lumens, and exit and re-entry tears. This crucial information may facilitate triaging decisions. Furthermore, CFD can be used to assess the impact of stent graft treatment, as it provides a haemodynamic account of what may cause procedure-related complications. Efforts to integrate conventional imaging, individual patient data and CFD are paramount to its success, given its potential to replace traditional registry-based, population-averaged data. Nonetheless, methodological limitations must be addressed before clinical implementation. This must be accompanied by further research with large sample sizes, to establish the association between haemodynamic patterns as observed by CFD and progression of aortic dissection.

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Liu, Yitao. "Systematic computational methods of unsteady flow simulation based on computational fluid dynamics." Applied and Computational Engineering 12, no. 1 (September 25, 2023): 151–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/12/20230328.

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Unsteady flow is the dominant flow state in real life; thus, the simulation of it is of vital importance, especially in engineering, for example, the flutter or buffeting of the aerofoil. In the past decades, the progress in computational science greatly paced the development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), providing powerful tools for simulating unsteady flow via numerical methods. However, the unsteady flow state depends on more variables than a steady flow, including the external conditions in different time moments and the flow's properties that vary with time. The calculation is still too massive, even using CFD. Therefore, CFD algorithms with higher efficiency and less reduction in accuracy are still needed to optimize the technique. This paper reviews the main CFD computational methods that have been maturely developed and proven effective, including direct numerical simulation (DNS), classic turbulence models and reduced order model (ROM), illustrating the main mechanisms and displaying their features. The paper also sheds light on these methods' latest research progress.

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Smoker, Brendan, Bart Stockdill, and Peter Oshkai. "Escort Tug Performance Prediction Using Computational Fluid Dynamics." Journal of Ship Research 60, no. 02 (June 1, 2016): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsr.2016.60.2.61.

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In this paper, we outline and validate a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method for determining the hydrodynamic forces of an escort tug in indirect towing mode. We consider a range of yaw angles from 0° to 90° and a travel speed of 8 knots. We discuss the effects of scaling on prediction of flow separation and hydrodynamic forces acting on the vessel by carrying out CFD studies on both model and full-scale escort tugs performing indirect escort maneuvers. As the escort performance in terms of maximum steering forces is strongly dependent on the onset of flow separation from the hull and skeg of the tug, the model-scale simulations under-predict the maximum steering force by 12% relative to the full-scale simulations. In addition, we provide a method for converting the hydrodynamic forces of the CFD escort study into towline and thrust forces.

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Anisum, Anisum, Nursigit Bintoro, and Sunarto Goenadi. "ANALISIS DISTRIBUSI SUHU DAN KELEMBABAN UDARA DALAM RUMAH JAMUR (KUMBUNG) MENGGUNAKAN COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS (CFD)." Jurnal Agritech 36, no. 01 (April 28, 2016): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agritech.10686.

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One effort to optimize the temperature and humidity in the mushroom house during the dry season using evaporative cooler. This research was conducted two treatment variation which were assessed about distribution of temperature and humidity of air inside a mushroom house using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is the condition of building using natural ventilation and condition of building with water used evaporative cooler. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis was able to model the distributions of temperature and humidity, and air movement pattern inside of a mushroom house. The validation point of temperature distribution and humidity in the mushroom house has an error 0.70-2.62%. The results CFD analysis of temperature and humidity were able to reduced by about ±loC and ±5.1% for building with evaporative cooler used water. The indicated that buildings evaporative cooler used water able to reduced air temperature and increasing humidity in the mushroom houses.Keywords: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), oyster, mushroom house, evaporative cooler ABSTRAKSalah satu upaya untuk mengoptimalkan suhu dan kelembaban udara dalam rumah jamur pada musim kemarau dengan menggunakan evaporative cooler (pendingin penguap). Pada penelitian ini ada dua variasi perlakuan yang dikaji pendistribusian suhu dan kelembaban udara dalam rumah jamur dengan menggunakan Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), yaitu kondisi bangunan menggunakan ventilasi alamiah dan kondisi bangunan dengan pendingin penguap (evaporative cooler) menggunakan air. Analisis dengan Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) mampu memodelkan distribusi suhu dan kelembaban udara, serta pola pergerakan udara dalam rumah jamur. Nilai validasi distribusi suhu dan kelembaban udara dalam rumah jamur menunjukkan error 0,70 - 2,62%. Dari hasil analisis CFD suhu dan kelembaban udara mampu diturunkan sebesar ±1oC dan ±5,1% untuk bangunan dengan evaporative cooler menggunakan air. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa bangunan dengan evaporative cooler menggunakan air mampu menurunkan suhu udara dan meningkatkan kelembaban udara dalam rumah jamur.Kata kunci: Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), rumah jamur (kumbung), evaporative cooler

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Kamyar, A., R. Saidur, and M. Hasanuzzaman. "Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for nanofluids." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 55, no. 15-16 (July 2012): 4104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.03.052.

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BULLOUGH, W. A., J. R. KINSELLA, D. J. PEEL, and U. S. URANG. "COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS MODELLING OF ELECTRO-STRUCTURED FLOWS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 15, no. 06n07 (March 20, 2001): 731–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979201005210.

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The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software for modelling the flow of electro-structured fluids is introduced. A non-Newtonian fluids package written specifically to model Bingham plastics is validated for several flow rates between stationary parallel plates for varying yield stresses, plate separations and lengths. The computing procedure is rationalised in terms of grid fitting of the 'plug' edge. The programme is modified to include an analytical expression which relates delectro-rheological fluid parameters. This approach is then used to predict valve flow rates from small sample, Couette viscometer produced data: its output compares with experimental results.

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Rossano, Viola, and Giuliano De Stefano. "Hybrid VOF–Lagrangian CFD Modeling of Droplet Aerobreakup." Applied Sciences 12, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 8302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12168302.

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A hybrid VOF–Lagrangian method for simulating the aerodynamic breakup of liquid droplets induced by a traveling shock wave is proposed and tested. The droplet deformation and fragmentation, together with the subsequent mist development, are predicted by using a fully three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model following the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes approach. The main characteristics of the aerobreakup process under the shear-induced entrainment regime are effectively reproduced by employing the scale-adaptive simulation method for unsteady turbulent flows. The hybrid two-phase method combines the volume-of-fluid technique for tracking the transient gas–liquid interface on the finite volume grid and the discrete phase model for following the dynamics of the smallest liquid fragments. The proposed computational approach for fluids engineering applications is demonstrated by making a comparison with reference experiments and high-fidelity numerical simulations, achieving acceptably accurate results without being computationally expensive.

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Ren, Hai Wei, and Yi Zhang. "Applications of Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) in the Food Industry." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 2273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.2273.

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The application of computational fluid dynamics(CFD) in the food industry such as drying, thermal sterilization, mixing, refrigeration and humidification of cold storage was reviewed. The results from previous studies have shown that CFD was a powerful numerical tool that is applied to model fluid flow situations and aid in the optimal design of engineering equipment and food process. With the development of computer technology, it is conceivable that CFD will continue to provide more explanations for physical modeling of fluid flow and process system design for the food industry.

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KATO, Chisachi. "Computational Fluid Dynamics in Peta-Flops Era." Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 30, no. 116 (2010): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3154/jvs.30.3.

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Shilton, A. "Potential application of computational fluid dynamics to pond design." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 10-11 (November 1, 2000): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0673.

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The ability to reliably predict the fluid flow through a pond and relate these hydraulic characteristics to pond treatment performance would clearly be a very valuable tool to the design engineer. The application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) mathematical modelling has the potential to do this. In recent years there has been rapid advancement of computing power and mathematical modelling software. CFD simulation gives the pond designer the potential to explore the hydraulic performance for a wide range of design configurations and scenarios. This paper reports on the application of the PHOENICS CFD package for this purpose. To demonstrate the potential application of CFD to pond design, this paper presents a series of simulations of a small community pond. The simulations undertaken were three-dimensional and incorporated the k-e turbulence model. The first of these modelled the existing pond arrangement, after which the effects of adding a baffle is shown as an example of how CFD can be applied for design. In addition to the fluid velocity field, plots of a simulated tracer slick were produced. This simulated tracer movement is used to produce hydraulic retention time distribution curves of the tracer concentration at the outlet. These are then integrated with a simple, first-order decay model for BOD removal and faecal coliform die-off to calculate treatment efficiency. This allowed direct comparison of the expected treatment efficiencies with and without the baffle modification.

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Purwanto, Budiyono, Hermawan, and Sudarno. "The Modeling of Cross Flow Runner With Computational Fluid Dynamics on Microhydro Tube." E3S Web of Conferences 202 (2020): 08008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020208008.

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The Model of Fluid Dynamics Computation (CFD) aims to obtain cross-tubine flow in microhydro tubes. The parameters used to determine the cross flow turbine power are the blade angle, the number of cross runner blades and the head tube as the production house. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is software that can load integral and partial equations into discrete algebraic equations (addition, multiplication, multiplication and division) that can be used with the help of computers to find solutions for sources and times. In the era of technology, the development of the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) program is very fast making this method a trend in various fields of industry that utilizes a comparison of pure experimental data and pure theory. The study of turbine cross flow power on microhydro tubes shows 1213 Watt power on the parameters of blade number 16, blade angle of 150 and 200 at head 4 meters.

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Coleman, H. W., and F. Stern. "Uncertainties and CFD Code Validation." Journal of Fluids Engineering 119, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 795–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2819500.

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A new approach to computational fluid dynamics code validation is developed that gives proper consideration to experimental and simulation uncertainties. The comparison error is defined as the difference between the data and simulation values and represents the combination of all errors. The validation uncertainly is defined as the combination of the uncertainties in the experimental data and the portion of the uncertainties in the CFD prediction that can be estimated. This validation uncertainty sets the level at which validation can be achieved. The criterion for validation is that the magnitude of the comparison error must be less than the validation uncertainty. If validation is not accomplished, the magnitude and sign of the comparison error can be used to improve the mathematical modeling. Consideration is given to validation procedures for a single code, multiple codes and/or models, and predictions of trends. Example results of verification/validation are presented for a single computational fluid dynamics code and for a comparison of multiple turbulence models. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed validation strategy. This new approach for validation should be useful in guiding future developments in computational fluid dynamics through validation studies and in the transition of computational fluid dynamics codes to design.

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Liu, Bohua, Mengjiao Gou, Xiaomao Sun, and Hengyi Du. "Application of Artificial intelligence in Computational fluid dynamics." Frontiers in Computing and Intelligent Systems 1, no. 3 (October 25, 2022): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/fcis.v1i3.2072.

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With the continuous development of artificial intelligence (AI) and computer, the further improvement of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithm and software, artificial intelligence technology has shown its advantages in many fields.AI is becoming increasingly common in engineering applications and is significant in reducing human labor. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the AI technology in the field of CFD, the application of artificial intelligence can through machine learning geometry model parameters, the grid generation technique, the turbulence model calculation, reduce manual intervention, improve the meshing degree, improve the predictive accuracy, rapid turbulence data visualization analysis, bring so much convenient for computational fluid dynamics.

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Li, J., J. Zhang, J. Miao, J. Ma, and W. Dong. "Application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to ozone contactor optimization." Water Supply 6, no. 4 (October 1, 2006): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2006.905.

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Many approaches have been used to model the performance and efficiency of ozone contactors based on some assumptions to characterize the backmixing in fluids. Recently, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique has been proposed to simulate and optimize ozone contactors by calculating residence time distribution of fluid. To improve the ozone contactor performance of Bijianshan Water Treatment Plant in Shenzhen in South China, CFD was used for simulation and development of new optimization measures. Results showed that the low depth/length ratio of the contactor chambers in the original design resulted in short circuiting and backmixing, with the T10/HRT being only 0.40. Installation of guide plates substantially reduced short circuiting and backmixing with a much higher T10/HRT (0.66), increased by 73% compared with the original design.

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Zheng, Jian, Chang Sheng Zhou, and Xiong Chen. "The Application of MATLAB in Computational Fluid Dynamic Visualization Processing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 619–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.619.

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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is an important applied research area of scientific computation visualization. Aiming at the difficult for three-dimensional display in the post-processing of wrap-around fins’ flowfield with commercial CFD software, the visualization techniques of CFD were investigated. And a visualization program was compiled using by powerful graphic processing software of MATLAB. The results showed the visualization program can display three-dimension characteristic of pressure, temperature etc. on the surface of wrap-around fins accurately and visually.

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Kumar, Gaurav, Rohit Kumar, Sagar Dagar, and Raj Kumar Singh. "Comparative Study of Different Missile Shapes using Computational Fluid Dynamics." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation 8, no. 3 (2020): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/ijari.832012.

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Aerodynamics study using computational fluid dynamics is very famous among the engineers and scientists, because it not only reduces the cost of the entire project but also saves a lot more time. The results of the CFD simulations needed to validate through experiments. So, we can say that CFD simulation studies reduce the no. Of experiments taken, if it cannot eliminate. In this research paper, we made four different aerodynamics missiles shapes CAD models in solid works by using underlying principles, mathematical equations of different curves and engineering judgement, one of them is a missile of standard basic shape. We have analysed and compared them with basic shape of missile. Here, in this study, Volume is taken a constant parameter. Drag Coefficient is the main parameter which is evaluated and studied at different Mach no’s and at a constant angle of attack. Reasons behind the magnificent drop in drag coefficient explained in discussion section.

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Dawes, W. N. "Turbomachinery computational fluid dynamics: asymptotes and paradigm shifts." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 365, no. 1859 (May 22, 2007): 2553–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2007.2021.

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This paper reviews the development of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) specifically for turbomachinery simulations and with a particular focus on application to problems with complex geometry. The review is structured by considering this development as a series of paradigm shifts, followed by asymptotes. The original S1–S2 blade–blade-throughflow model is briefly described, followed by the development of two-dimensional then three-dimensional blade–blade analysis. This in turn evolved from inviscid to viscous analysis and then from steady to unsteady flow simulations. This development trajectory led over a surprisingly small number of years to an accepted approach—a ‘CFD orthodoxy’. A very important current area of intense interest and activity in turbomachinery simulation is in accounting for real geometry effects, not just in the secondary air and turbine cooling systems but also associated with the primary path. The requirements here are threefold: capturing and representing these geometries in a computer model; making rapid design changes to these complex geometries; and managing the very large associated computational models on PC clusters. Accordingly, the challenges in the application of the current CFD orthodoxy to complex geometries are described in some detail. The main aim of this paper is to argue that the current CFD orthodoxy is on a new asymptote and is not in fact suited for application to complex geometries and that a paradigm shift must be sought. In particular, the new paradigm must be geometry centric and inherently parallel without serial bottlenecks. The main contribution of this paper is to describe such a potential paradigm shift, inspired by the animation industry, based on a fundamental shift in perspective from explicit to implicit geometry and then illustrate this with a number of applications to turbomachinery.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)'

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