Journal articles: 'Compression of flexible roll'

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Yu, Dan, Dirk Beckelmann, Michael Opsölder, Bruno Schäfer, Karsten Moh, René Hensel, Peter de Oliveira, and Eduard Arzt. "Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing of Micropatterned Adhesives by Template Compression." Materials 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12010097.

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For the next generation of handling systems, reversible adhesion enabled by micropatterned dry adhesives exhibits high potential. The versatility of polymeric micropatterns in handling objects made from various materials has been demonstrated by several groups. However, specimens reported in most studies have been restricted to the laboratory scale. Upscaling the size and quantity of micropatterned adhesives is the next step to enable successful technology transfer. Towards this aim, we introduce a continuous roll-to-roll replication process for fabrication of high-performance, mushroom-shaped micropatterned dry adhesives. The micropatterns were made from UV-curable polyurethane acrylates. To ensure the integrity of the complex structure during the fabrication process, flexible templates were used. The compression between the template and the wet prepolymer coating was investigated to optimize replication results without structural failures, and hence, to improve adhesion. As a result, we obtained micropatterned adhesive tapes, 10 cm in width and several meters in length, with adhesion strength about 250 kPa to glass, suitable for a wide range of applications.

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Vanarelli, Alex, and John W. Gillespie. "Response of thin flexible compression columns with self-reacting lateral constraint." Journal of Composite Materials 56, no. 7 (February 18, 2022): 1107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219983211070094.

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The study investigates the effects of self-reacting lateral constraint on the compression load capacity of thin composite columns. A dynamic finite element analysis model is developed to aid in the optimization of the column lateral constraint which leads to a 50-fold increase in load capacity over the first critical buckling load. First, the model is compared against known analytical solutions for a column buckling between bi-lateral constraints. Next, the constraints are made to float and self-react, and the model is developed to study the role of column geometry, material properties, and initial gap between the column and lateral constraint on post-buckling response. Experiments are conducted over a wide range of column lengths and gap thicknesses and the load-deformation response including snap-through buckling loads, and buckling modes are measured and compared to model predictions. It is shown that the load capacity of thin composite columns can be increased to an upper bound governed by the membrane compressive strength of the column by using optimal constraint conditions.

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Słowik, J., A. Drotlew, and B. Piekarski. "Mechanical Stresses Induced by Compression in Castings of the Load-carrying Grate." Archives of Foundry Engineering 16, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afe-2016-0025.

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Abstract The main aim of this study was to examine the compression-induced state of stress arising in castings of the guide grates during operation in pusher-type furnaces for heat treatment. The effect of grate compression is caused by its forced movement in the furnace. The introduction of flexible segments to the grate structure changes in a significant way the stress distribution, mainly by decreasing its value, and consequently considerably extends the lifetime of the grates. The stress distribution was examined in the grates with flexible segments arranged crosswise (normal to the direction of the grate compression) and lengthwise (following the direction of force). A regression equation was derived to describe the relationship between the stress level in a row of ribs in the grate and the number of flexible segments of a lengthwise orientation placed in this row. It was found that, regardless of the distribution of the flexible segments in a row, the stress values were similar in all the ribs included in this row, and in a given row of the ribs/flexible segments a similar state of stress prevailed, irrespective of the position of this row in the whole structure of the grate and of the number of the ribs/flexible segments introduced therein. Parts of the grate responsible for the stress transfer were indicated and also parts which play the role of an element bonding the structure.

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He, Qinglie, Chengbiao Cai, Shengyang Zhu, Kaiyun Wang, Yongzhi Jiang, and Wanming Zhai. "Improvement on Curve Negotiation Performance of Suspended Monorail Vehicle Considering Flexible Guideway." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 20, no. 05 (May 2020): 2050057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455420500571.

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This work presents the investigation and improvement on curve negotiation performance of suspended monorail vehicle considering a flexible guideway. First, a spatial train–guideway interaction model of suspended monorail system (SMS) is established based on the secondary development of ANSYS software. Then, the dynamic analysis of the train over the flexible curved guideway is conducted, and the curve negotiation performance of the vehicle and the guideway vibration feature are revealed. Subsequently, several crucial design parameters that significantly influence the curve negotiation performance of the vehicle are found, and their influences on the train–guideway dynamic responses are systematically investigated. Finally, by comprehensively considering the dynamic indexes of the vehicle–guideway system, the optimal ranges of these crucial design parameters are obtained. Results show that decreasing the radial stiffness of guiding tyre can effectively reduce the lateral vibration levels of vehicle and guideway, but it would increase the lateral displacements of the bogie and hanging beam; and the radial stiffness is finally suggested to be around 1[Formula: see text]kN/mm by comprehensively considering all dynamic indexes. Increasing the initial compression displacement of guiding tyre can well limit the lateral displacements of the bogie and the hanging beam, thus enhancing the train running safety; however, it would intensify the vehicle-guideway lateral vibration level; especially, the optimal initial compression displacement of guiding tyre is related to its radial stiffness characteristics. To ensure a good curve negotiation performance of vehicle and guideway vibration level, the stiffness of the anti-roll torsion bar and the initial gradient angle of the installed trapezoid four-link suspended device are suggested to be 1.0[Formula: see text]MNm/rad and 65–[Formula: see text], respectively.

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Sedláček, František, Václava Lašová, and Radek Kottner. "Strength Determination of Composite Flexible Joint." Applied Mechanics and Materials 827 (February 2016): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.827.149.

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This thesis deals with the design of a joint for composite flexible elements using an integrated connection. For the verification of the selected layout, a wrapping loop was chosen as a simplified member, which was created on a special form designed for these samples. The material used was unidirectional fibreglass and epoxy resin. These samples were then compared using quasi-static tensile and compression tests. The tests were carried out with the Zwick-Roell Z050 machine. The resulting data of the experiment were then compared with the data obtained from numerical simulations using the finite element system Siemens NX 10 and SIMULIA Abaqus 6.13. 3D strength criteria Maximum stress and direct-mode strength criterion LaRC04 were used for evaluation.

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Park, Ji-Woo, Jeong Kim, and Beom-Soo Kang. "Development on a Prediction Model for Experimental Condition of Flexibly Reconfigurable Roll Forming Process." Metals 9, no. 8 (August 15, 2019): 896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9080896.

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Flexibly-reconfigurable roll forming (FRRF) is a novel sheet metal forming technology by which sheet metal is shaped into a desired curvature using reconfigurable rollers and gaps. FRRF is conducive to producing multi-curvature surfaces by controlling the longitudinal strain distribution. However, it is difficult to predict the forming results since FRRF technology forms a secondary surface from the primary curvature. This study investigates the use of regression analysis as a basis for a model that can predict the longitudinal curvature of sheet metal. The following variables were considered as input parameters: Maximum compression value, radius of curvature in the transverse direction, and initial blank width. Regression model samples are obtained by performing experiments using FRRF equipment whilst the experimental design was generated by a three-level, three-factor full factorial design. The experimental surfaces are of a convex and of a saddle-type shape, with a total sample size of 54. Through regression analysis it has been shown that the longitudinal curvature can be expressed by means of a quadratic equation. The matching quadratic function was verified with R-squared values and root-mean-square errors, whilst the normality of the sample data was also verified. To apply the model to the actual forming process, the regression model was converted to deduce the compression characteristics for forming the target surface. Throughout the study, the proposed analytical procedure was validated, and a statistical formula for estimating the longitudinal curvature produced by the FRRF apparatus established.

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Shirazi-Adl, A., and M. Parnianpour. "Stabilizing Role of Moments and Pelvic Rotation on the Human Spine in Compression." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 118, no. 1 (February 1, 1996): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795942.

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The mechanisms by which the human spinal column in neutral postures can resist relatively large axial compression forces with no abnormal motions or instabilities remain yet unknown. A nonlinear finite element study of the ligamentous thoracolumbar spine was performed to investigate the stabilizing role of two plausible mechanisms of combined moments and pelvic rotation on the human spine in axial compression. The passive system, by itself was able to carry only a negligible fraction of physiological compression loads without exhibiting large motions. The unconstrained spine was most flexible in the sagittal plane (least stiff plane). The existence of combined moments and pelvic rotation significantly increased the load-bearing capacity of the spine so that the free standing passive thoracolumbar spine resisted the axial compression forces of more than 1000 N with minimal displacements. The former mechanism is much more effective in stabilizing the spine in compression than is the latter one. It is postulated that the pelvic rotation and the off-centered anterior placement of the gravity force are exploited to partially stabilize the passive spine in compression and relieve the musculature. Previous and on-going studies support the validity of the proposed mechanisms.

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Magrinho, JPG, CMA Silva, MB Silva, and Paulo AF Martins. "Formability limits by wrinkling in sheet metal forming." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 232, no. 8 (April 5, 2016): 681–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420716642794.

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This paper presents a new combined experimental and theoretical methodology for determining the formability limits by wrinkling in sheet metal forming. The methodology is based on the utilization of rectangular test specimens clamped along its narrower sides and compressed lengthwise and is aimed at replicating the physics behind the occurrence of wrinkling in deformation regions submitted to in-plane compression along one direction. The methodology draws from a previous development in the field of flexible roll forming, and the overall objectives are to enhance and improve its methods and procedures and to provide a new level of understanding on the onset of wrinkling in sheet metal forming. Experimentation and finite element modelling of cylindrical deep-drawing without blank holder combined with the utilization of the space of effective strain vs. stress triaxiality are employed to discuss the applicability and validity of the new proposed methodology for determining the formability limits by wrinkling.

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Pang, Zaixiang, Tongyu Wang, Junzhi Yu, Shuai Liu, Xiyu Zhang, and Dawei Jiang. "Design and Analysis of a Flexible, Elastic, and Rope-Driven Parallel Mechanism for Wrist Rehabilitation." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2020 (November 12, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8841400.

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This paper proposes a bionic flexible wrist parallel mechanism to simulate human wrist joints, which is characterized by a rope-driven, compression spring-supported hybrid mechanism. Specifically, to realize the movement of the wrist mechanism, a parallel structure is adopted to support the mobile platform and is controlled by a cable, which plays the role of wrist muscles. Because the compression spring is elastic, it is difficult to directly solve inverse kinematics. To address this problem, the external force acting on the moving platform is firstly equivalent to the vector force and torque at the center of the moving platform. Then, based on inverse kinematic and static analyses, the inverse motion of the robot model can be solved according to the force and torque balance conditions and the lateral spring bending equation of the compression spring. In order to verify the proposed method, kinematics, statics, and parallel mechanism workspace are further analyzed by the software MATLAB. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the designed parallel mechanism. This work offers new insights into the parallel mechanism with flexible joints in replicating the movements of the human wrist, thus promoting the development of rehabilitation robots and rope-driven technology to some extent.

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Tong, Zhao-Xia, Lian-Wei Zhang, and Min Zhou. "DEM Simulation of Biaxial Compression Experiments of Inherently Anisotropic Granular Materials and the Boundary Effects." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/394372.

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The reliability of discrete element method (DEM) numerical simulations is significantly dependent on the particle-scale parameters and boundary conditions. To verify the DEM models, two series of biaxial compression tests on ellipse-shaped steel rods are used. The comparisons on the stress-strain relationship, strength, and deformation pattern of experiments and simulations indicate that the DEM models are able to capture the key macro- and micromechanical behavior of inherently anisotropic granular materials with high fidelity. By using the validated DEM models, the boundary effects on the macrodeformation, strain localization, and nonuniformity of stress distribution inside the specimens are investigated using two rigid boundaries and one flexible boundary. The results demonstrate that the boundary condition plays a significant role on the stress-strain relationship and strength of granular materials with inherent fabric anisotropy if the stresses are calculated by the force applied on the wall. However, the responses of the particle assembly measured inside the specimens are almost the same with little influence from the boundary conditions. The peak friction angle obtained from the compression tests with flexible boundary represents the real friction angle of particle assembly. Due to the weak lateral constraints, the degree of stress nonuniformity under flexible boundary is higher than that under rigid boundary.

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Caton, P. A., H. H. Song, N. B. Kaahaaina, and C. F. Edwards. "Residual-effected homogeneous charge compression ignition with delayed intake-valve closing at elevated compression ratio." International Journal of Engine Research 6, no. 4 (August 1, 2005): 399–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/146808705x30431.

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Residual-effected homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) was investigated using a single-cylinder research engine equipped with fully-flexible variable valve actuation. Operation at elevated compression ratios was explored to determine its effect on efficiency. Results showed that efficiency is decreased significantly by advanced phasing owing to increased thermal losses. However, if combustion phasing is held fixed, elevated compression ratio operation showed little effect on efficiency. Further experiments explored the use of IVC time as a control parameter at the elevated compression ratio. Tests were conducted to determine if an efficiency benefit could be realized from increasing the compression ratio and delaying IVC to increase the extent of expansion relative to compression. No significant change in efficiency was observed, although variation in IVC timing offered significant control authority. Delayed IVC was used in conjunction with variable IVO to control independently load and phasing of HCCI at the elevated compression ratio. Tests were also conducted to assess the significance of the measured exhaust temperature on HCCI phasing. EVO was introduced as a third control parameter, along with IVO and IVC, to control independently initial mixture composition, compression work, and exhaust temperature. Results indicated that the measured exhaust temperature was not a good indicator of HCCI phasing and suggested the stabilizing role of heat transfer to the reinducted exhaust gases. Results also suggested a set of control parameters that achieve the full range of HCCI operation with minimal degrees of freedom.

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Beloshenko, Victor, Yan Beygelzimer, Vyacheslav Chishko, Bogdan Savchenko, Nadiya Sova, Dmytro Verbylo, Andrei Voznyak, and Iurii Vozniak. "Mechanical Properties of Flexible TPU-Based 3D Printed Lattice Structures: Role of Lattice Cut Direction and Architecture." Polymers 13, no. 17 (September 3, 2021): 2986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172986.

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This study addresses the mechanical behavior of lattice materials based on flexible thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) with honeycomb and gyroid architecture fabricated by 3D printing. Tensile, compression, and three-point bending tests were chosen as mechanical testing methods. The honeycomb architecture was found to provide higher values of rigidity (by 30%), strength (by 25%), plasticity (by 18%), and energy absorption (by 42%) of the flexible TPU lattice compared to the gyroid architecture. The strain recovery is better in the case of gyroid architecture (residual strain of 46% vs. 31%). TPUs with honeycomb architecture are characterized by anisotropy of mechanical properties in tensile and three-point bending tests. The obtained results are explained by the peculiarities of the lattice structure at meso- and macroscopic level and by the role of the pore space.

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Yarova, S. P., A. A. Komlev, O. S. Genzytska, S. O. Turchenenko, and Yu Yu Yarov. "Optimization of the designing of flexible pads in removable dental prosthetics." Медицина сьогодні і завтра 85, no. 4 (December 20, 2019): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35339/msz.2019.85.04.06.

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The results of studies of elastic cushioning materials in removable plate prostheses are presented. Negative role in the mechanism of the rapid aging of the elastic material of functional loads, causing compression, relatively higher than the reversible deformation of materials is shown. The technique of constructing elastic pads with removable plate denture prosthetics is proposed. Clinical assessment of durability of the elastic-elastic pads in the removable plate denture is carried out. In order to preserve the properties of elastic strips, dentures constructed so that the sealing materials during the function did not experience the load exceeds the value of their relatively reversible deformation. It is determined that the presence of prostheses stops deformation and elastic pads, designed to meet the functional prevent excessive contractions allow prosthesis significantly longer maintain their functional value.

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Wongvasana, B., A. Masa, H. Saito, T. Sakai, and N. Lopattananon. "Influence of nanofiller types on morphology and mechanical properties of natural rubber nanocomposites." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1234, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1234/1/012007.

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Abstract Natural rubber (NR) nanocomposite containing different types of filler, i.e., nanoclay (clay) and cellulose nanofiber (CNF) were prepared in this study. The masterbatches of NR with 5 parts per hundred parts of rubber of nanofiller were firstly prepared by using the latex mixing method, followed by compounding on two roll mill and compression molding to obtain NR nanocomposite specimens. The unfilled NR sample was also prepared for comparison. Morphological properties of NR nanocomposites were investigated by using transmission electron microscopy, while the mechanical and dynamic properties were studied by using a universal tensile testing machine and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). It was found that the clay with platelet morphology was uniformLy dispersed, while the long and flexible CNFs were aggregated and poorly dispersed. The greater improvement of modulus at various strains was achieved from CNF filled NR nanocomposites, while the highest tensile strength was obtained from the clay filled nanocomposite. As compared to the clay containing nanocomposite, the addition of CNF markedly decreased the tensile strength and elongation at break of the NR due to poor dispersion of CNF. However, a significant improvement in mechanical properties at low strain was obtained when the CNF was used as filler due to high degree of fiber entanglement, as suggested by DMA observation.

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Efrati, Ori, Udi Gonik, Dalit Modan-Moses, Bella Bielorai, Asher Barak, Amir Vardi, Gideon Paret, David Mishaly, and Amos Toren. "The role of flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy in evaluation of pulmonary diseases in children with congenital cardiac disease." Cardiology in the Young 17, no. 2 (January 23, 2007): 140–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951107000145.

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Background:Diseases of the lungs and airways can be life-threatening in patients with congenital cardiac disease. External compression, and tracheobronchomalacia, as well as pathology of the large airways, can cause respiratory symptoms such as wheezing, stridor, fever, and dyspnoea, along with producing difficulty to wean the patient from mechanical ventilation. A definite diagnosis may be achieved by fibreoptic flexible bronchoscopy.Aims:To characterize the patients who underwent bronchoscopy for respiratory diseases associated with congenital cardiac disease, and to evaluate the safety, total diagnostic rate, and diagnostic rate, which yielded alteration of treatment in this group of patients.Methods:We reviewed retrospectively the records of 39 patients with congenital cardiac disease associated with abnormalities of the airways who underwent 49 fibreoptic bronchoscopies between 1999 and 2004. The patients were evaluated with regard to rate of diagnosis, the rate of procedures that resulted in alteration of management, and the rate of complications.Results:Fibreoptic flexible bronchoscopy was safe, and contributed to a specific diagnosis in almost nine-tenths of the procedures. A specific diagnosis that resulted in treatment alteration was achieved in one-fifth of the procedures.Conclusions:Fibreoptic flexible bronchoscopy has an important role in the evaluation of pulmonary abnormalities in patients with congenital cardiac diseases, and should be considered as an initial diagnostic tool that may guide the clinician with regard to the proper therapy.

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Muhamad Sharifuddin, Syifa', Mohd Shukri Mat Nor, Fathin Asila Mohd Pabli, Piyawadee Luangchuang, Wannarat Chueangchayaphan, and Muhammad Azwadi Sulaiman. "Thermal and Dynamic Mechanical Behaviours of CCTO/ENR-25 Composite." Materials Science Forum 1010 (September 2020): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.274.

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A study on polymer-ceramic composite, CaCu3Ti4O12 (CCTO) embedded in epoxidised natural rubber (ENR-25) were successfully fabricated through mixing method using an internal mixer and two-roll mill followed by hot-pressed via compression moulding for a potential electronic device such as a flexible capacitor. CCTO powders were successfully synthesised through a solid-state reaction and calcined at 900 °C for 12 hours. The ENR-25 was blended with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 phr (part per hundreds of rubber) of CCTO powders. Thermal stability and degradation are crucial properties for the composite based polymer. Therefore, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) used to find out the thermal reaction and degradation mechanism of CCTO/ENR-25 composites. Besides, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) also used to investigate glass transition temperature (Tg) and storage modulus. TGA/DSC showed a two-step degradation mechanism with increasing thermal stability over increasing filler content of CCTO and only showed a major endothermic reaction. However, for DMA there is no significant difference in Tg value between each composite but showed high storage modulus up to 4398 MPa for 120 phr. High storage modulus indicates the high stiffness of the composite. In conclusion, the addition of filler content will show high thermal stability, storage modulus, and stiffness of CCTO/ENR-25 composites.

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Permana, Jaya, M. Muhtaris, Eka Susanti, and Yanisfa Yanisfa. "Pengaruh Penambahan Tulangan Tekan Terhadap Momen Kapasitas Lentur dan Daktilitas Balok." Borneo Engineering : Jurnal Teknik Sipil 3, no. 2 (January 5, 2020): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.35334/be.v3i2.1171.

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Double reinforcement beam design, increasing the compressive reinforcement can increase the flexural capacity moment and ductility of concrete beams. This helps planners to improve flexural capacity moment with minimal dimensions, that are still acceptable in terms of aesthetics. The purpose of this study is to know how much influence the increasing compressive reinforcement can increase the flexural capacity moment and ductility of concrete beams. Experimental research with beam specimens 20x20x60 cm, 2D16 tensile reinforcement, fc’ 25 mpa and fy 320 mpa. With a ratio of compressive reinforcement to tensile reinforcement of 0.14; 0.25 and 0.59. Flexural strength testing uses flexible loading with a roll-pined joint. The process of load reading is yield phase until ultimate phase. The results of the analysis show an uses of increasing compressive reinforcement can increase the moment of flexural capacity and ductility. The addition of compressive reinforcement reached 25% from tensile reinforcement, can increase the moment of bending capacity by 4.47%, but uses compressive reinforcement reached 50% of tensile reinforcement, only increasing the bending moment capacity of 1.43%. For ductility, uses compressive reinforcement reaches 25% from tensile reinforcement, can increase ductility by 19.73% and an increase of 26.17% by adding compressive reinforcement up to 50% of tensile reinforcement. From these results it appears that the more improvements added, the more the ductility increases and the less the moment the flexural capacity increases.

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Byun and Lee. "Implementation of Hand Gesture Recognition Device Applicable to Smart Watch Based on Flexible Epidermal Tactile Sensor Array." Micromachines 10, no. 10 (October 12, 2019): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10100692.

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Ever since the development of digital devices, the recognition of human gestures has played an important role in many Human-Computer interface applications. Various wearable devices have been developed, and inertial sensors, magnetic sensors, gyro sensors, electromyography, force-sensitive resistors, and other types of sensors have been used to identify gestures. However, there are different drawbacks for each sensor, which affect the detection of gestures. In this paper, we present a new gesture recognition method using a Flexible Epidermal Tactile Sensor based on strain gauges to sense deformation. Such deformations are transduced to electric signals. By measuring the electric signals, the sensor can estimate the degree of deformation, including compression, tension, and twist, caused by movements of the wrist. The proposed sensor array was demonstrated to be capable of analyzing the eight motions of the wrist, and showed robustness, stability, and repeatability throughout a range of experiments aimed at testing the sensor array. We compared the performance of the prototype device with those of previous studies, under the same experimental conditions. The result shows our recognition method significantly outperformed existing methods.

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Zhang, Jifei, and Fei Wang. "A Better Medical Interpreting Service." International Journal of Translation, Interpretation, and Applied Linguistics 3, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijtial.20210101.oa1.

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Medical interpreting has become a new research focus in recent decades, but few studies have discussed the role of interpreter in combination with strategies. This paper aims to work out how a medical interpreter plays his or her role and adopts strategies when interpreting between English and Chinese. Based on a first-hand medical interpreting corpus, this empirical study tagged the interpretation and made a detailed analysis of the interpreter's role and strategies. The results revealed that under the guideline of Goffman's participation framework theory the medical interpreter facilitated the therapeutic talk via three roles, namely “animator,” “author,” “principal”; for each role, different interpreting strategies, like “supplement,” “omission,” “compression,” etc. were adopted. Moreover, the study found motives behind interpreting strategies under the specific context. The sociological discussions are presented in the hope of enhancing medical interpreters' understanding of their roles and the importance of adopting more flexible strategies in order to provide better service.

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Hsieh, Chin-Lung, Po-Hong Tsai, Ning-Yih Hsu, and Yong-Song Chen. "Effect of Compression Ratio of Graphite Felts on the Performance of an All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery." Energies 12, no. 2 (January 19, 2019): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12020313.

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All-vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) are considered promising candidates for large-scale energy storage systems due to their flexible power scale design, high efficiency, deep discharge, long cycle life and environmental friendliness. The performance and efficiency of a VRFB is affected by many factors, including component materials, battery design, electrolyte composition and operating conditions. Among the key components, porous electrodes play a key role, as the electrochemical reaction occurs on the fiber surface of the electrode. As such, many studies have focused on improving reaction kinetics by modifying the surface of the electrode. In this work, the effect of varying the compression ratio (CR) of graphite felts on the performance and efficiency of a VRFB are investigated. The impedance of a single VRFB under varying CRs of graphite felts at various operating conditions were also measured. The results suggest that performance of a VRFB increases with increasing CR due to the decrease of area resistance and concentration overpotential. The porous electrode compressed from 6.5 to 4 mm demonstrates the optimal energy efficiency of 73% at the operating current density 80 mA cm−2 and electrolyte flow rate 100 mL min−1.

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Femino, John E., Christina Hajewski, Jessica E. Goetz, and Kyle R. Duchman. "A Biomechanical Investigation on the Effects of Deep Deltoid Ligament Repair Combined with Flexible and Rigid Syndesmotic Fixation." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 7, no. 1 (January 2022): 2473011421S0019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011421s00196.

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Category: Ankle; Trauma Introduction/Purpose: The role of deep deltoid ligament (DDL) repair in the setting of an unstable syndesmotic injury is largely unknown, and the optimal fixation strategy for syndesmosis stabilization is controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an augmented, anatomic repair of the DDL combined with flexible or rigid syndesmotic stabilization using a cadaveric model. Methods: 10 pairs of fresh-frozen through knee cadaveric specimens were used for biomechanical testing which included subjecting the specimens to 5 Nm of external rotation torque while under 750 N of axial compression. Whole-foot rotation angles were measured and rotation and translation of the fibula, tibia, and talus were tracked with optical motion capture. Specimens were tested intact and then after destabilization by sectioning the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL), posterior inferior tibiofibular ligament, interosseous ligament and membrane extending 7 cm proximal to the ankle joint, and both bands of DDL. The intact fibula was a surrogate for an anatomically fixed fibula. Each specimen underwent mechanical testing both with and without DDL reconstruction added to flexible syndesmotic stabilization using a suture button (SB) plus AITFL reconstruction. In the final test, the syndesmosis was rigidly stabilized using a 4.5 mm screw. Results: Destabilization increased the foot rotation under the applied axial load and torque to 170% (+-49%) of that of the intact case. After flexible syndesmotic stabilization (AITFL + SB) foot rotation was 109% (+-26%) of intact condition. Addition of the deltoid ligament reconstruction (AITFL + SB + DD) reduced rotation to 87% (+-31%) of the intact condition. Fixation with a screw alone came closest to the rotation of the intact specimen (93% +- 17% of intact), and like the flexible repair, the addition of DDL reconstruction to the screw increased rotational stability (85% +- 35% of intact). Conclusion: DDL reconstruction provides improved resistance to external rotation stress when added to both flexible and rigid syndesmotic stabilization. Although our results with both the flexible and rigid constructs demonstrated increased constraint to external rotation stress compared to the intact specimen, these results should be thought of as time zero data, and the implants likely experience some creep with early motion and graduated weight bearing. Our demonstration of increased stability with a deltoid ligament reconstruction suggests that this addition may be beneficial for unstable syndesmotic injuries.

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Hopkinson, J., and Y. Hancock. "Tight-binding studies of uniaxial strain in T-graphene nanoribbons." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 34, no. 21 (March 21, 2022): 214001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ac5a02.

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Abstract The role of uniaxial strain in armchair, T-graphene nanoribbons (ATGNRs) with symmetric and asymmetric structures is investigated using a nearest-neighbour, tight-binding (TB) model. ATGNRs with structural symmetry and two a sub-lattice structure exhibit Dirac points at zero strain. Application of uniaxial strain to these systems induces multiple Dirac points under compression (up to −20% strain), with the number of these points commensurate with the number of tetra-carbon base-units along the width of the unit cell, accounting also for the mirror symmetry of the structure. Under tensile, uniaxial strain (up to 20% extension), the induced asymmetry in the carbon tetrabond results in the number of Dirac points being reduced, although a minimum number are preserved due to the fundamental mirror-symmetry of the symmetric ATGNR. Asymmetric ATGNRs, which are semiconductors, are shown to have tunable band-gaps that decrease as a function of increasing ribbon width and uniaxial strain. Uniaxial strain induces a single Dirac point at the band edge of these systems under high compression ( $?> > 16%), with the closing of the band gap linked to symmetry-induced perturbations in the structure that override the symmetry-breaking, gap-opening mechanisms. In summary, the TB model shows ATGNRs to have suitable device features for flexible electronics applications, such as band-gap tuning, and for the strain engineering of relativistic properties.

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NAKATA, Tsutomu, and Hiroshi TAKIGUCHI. "Flexible Roll Forming." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 51, no. 591 (2010): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.51.302.

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Mijuskovic, Jelena. "The CMS electromagnetic calorimeter upgrade: high-rate readout with precise time and energy resolution." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 01 (January 1, 2022): C01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/01/c01004.

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Abstract The electromagnetic calorimeter (ECAL) of the CMS detector has played an important role in the physics program of the experiment, delivering outstanding performance throughout data taking. The high-luminosity LHC will pose new challenges. The four to five-fold increase of the number of interactions per bunch crossing will require superior time resolution and noise rejection capabilities. For these reasons the electronics readout has been completely redesigned. A dual gain trans-impedance amplifier and an ASIC providing two 160 MHz ADC channels, gain selection, and data compression will be used in the new readout electronics. The trigger decision will be moved off-detector and will be performed by powerful and flexible FPGA processors, allowing for more sophisticated trigger algorithms to be applied. The upgraded ECAL will be capable of high-precision energy measurements throughout HL-LHC and will greatly improve the time resolution for photons and electrons above 10 GeV.

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Doyle, Lucía, Ingo Weidlich, and Marcus Illguth. "Anisotropy in Polyurethane Pre-Insulated Pipes." Polymers 11, no. 12 (December 12, 2019): 2074. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11122074.

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The polyurethane foam in district heating pre-insulated pipes has a critical role to play both as thermal insulation and as load bearing element, as it serves as bond between the medium pipe and the casing. Hence, knowledge on how the foam behaves under multiaxial stresses is of great importance for the design as well as for aging predictions of the network. It is known that cell shape anisotropy in polymeric foams leads to anisotropy in its mechanical properties. In this study, we evaluate and quantify the microstructural anisotropy of PU foam from pre-insulated pipes as well as its mechanical behaviour under compression in the three orthogonal directions. We cover rigid and flexible PU foam, batch and continuous manufacturing, and different pipe diameters. The results were compared with those predicted by available rectangular and Kelvin cell shape models. We have found that PU from pre-insulated pipes is orthotropic and present stronger anisotropy than that typically found in PU slabs. The traditional bonded pipes under consideration behaved in a similar way. However, when comparing the two flexible pipes in this study, despite no significant differences in cell shape anisotropy were found, a significantly different behaviour for the E modulus ratio was observed. This shows that while the manufacturing process exerts the main influence on cell shape anisotropy, to explain the difference in stiffness behaviour other factors need to be taken into consideration, such as cell size and cell size variability.

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Deus, Carsten, Jaroslava Salomon, and Uwe Wehner. "Roll-to-roll coating of flexible glass." Vakuum in Forschung und Praxis 28, no. 4 (September 2016): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vipr.201600613.

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Yeh, Yung-Hui, Chun-Cheng Cheng, Benjamin Chih-Ming Lai, Chyi-Ming Leu, and Yung-Lung Tseng. "Flexible hybrid substrates of roll-to-roll manufacturing for flexible display application." Journal of the Society for Information Display 21, no. 1 (January 2013): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsid.140.

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Li, C., N. Zhang, S. Li, L. Q. Yao, and J. W. Yan. "Analytical Solutions for Bending of Nanoscaled Bars Based on Eringen’s Nonlocal Differential Law." Journal of Nanomaterials 2019 (December 20, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8571792.

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The one-dimensional nanoscaled bar is commonly seen in current nanodevices, and it plays a significant role in nanoelectromechanical system (NEMS) and related nanotechnology. Motivated by this, the paper is concerned with the bending and stability of a nanoscaled bar especially a flexible bar subjected to vertical concentrated, vertical linearly distributed, and horizontal concentrated forces simultaneously. The theoretical model is developed by employing Eringen’s nonlocal differential law. Hence, the nonlocal differential constitutions in terms of stress and bending moment at a nanoscale are applied to the classical equilibrium formulation in order to construct the nonlocal constitutive model and then determine the analytical solutions for bending of such a nanoscale bar. Subsequently, the effect of a nonlocal scale on the midpoint deflections and internal forces is shown numerically, and the internal and external characteristic length scales are also examined. It is revealed that the capacity of resisting compression decreases with increasing the nonlocal effect since the internal characteristic scale cannot be neglected by comparing with the external characteristic scale. There exists a threshold value for bending stiffness. Both the midpoint deflection and bending moment vary monotonously when the material bending stiffness exceeds the threshold value, while the mechanical quantities fluctuate when the bending stiffness is less than its threshold value, namely, for a flexible nanoscaled bar. Accordingly, two different kinds of nonlocal predictions and the related disputes are resolved in the context of Eringen’s nonlocal differential law. The work is expected to be useful for the design, application, and optimization of nanoscaled bars sustaining bending with linear vertical and horizontal forces.

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Yeh, Yung-Hui, Chun-Cheng Cheng, Ming-Jiue Yu, Chang-Yu Lin, Benjamin Chih-Ming Lai, Heng-Tien Lin, Hao-Chi Ku, Chyi-Ming Leu, and Yung-Lung Tseng. "26.2: Flexible Hybrid Substrates of Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing for Flexible Display Application." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 43, no. 1 (June 2012): 345–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2168-0159.2012.tb05786.x.

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Wang, Dongxiang, Jacqueline Hauptmann, and Christian May. "OLED Manufacturing on Flexible Substrates Towards Roll-to-Roll." MRS Advances 4, no. 24 (2019): 1367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.62.

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ABSTRACTLarge area lighting OLEDs manufactured in a Roll-to-Roll (R2R) fashion enable the well-longed production capability with considerably high throughput based on flexible substrates, hence largely reduced OLED manufacturing cost. This paper will outline the present status of R2R OLED fabrication on ultra-thin glass with the focus on transparent OLED devices and how to perform segmentation by printing of silver- and dielectric pastes. Ultra-thin glass (UTG) is laminated on a PET film to avoid fabrication interruptions when glass cracks occur during the Roll-to-Roll process. The R2R fabricated flexible OLEDs also show key-values comparable to conventional OLEDs fabricated on small rigid glass in lab-scale.

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Tamagaki, Hiroshi, Yoshimitu Ikari, and Naoki Ohba. "Roll-to-roll sputter deposition on flexible glass substrates." Surface and Coatings Technology 241 (February 2014): 138–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2013.10.056.

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Maury, P., D. Turkenburg, N. Stroeks, P. Giesen, I. Barbu, E. Meinders, A. van Bremen, N. Iosad, R. van der Werf, and H. Onvlee. "Roll-to-roll UV imprint lithography for flexible electronics." Microelectronic Engineering 88, no. 8 (August 2011): 2052–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2011.02.022.

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Morrison, Neil A. "Roll-to-Roll processing of flexible devices and components." Vakuum in Forschung und Praxis 28, no. 4 (September 2016): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vipr.201600612.

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Cheng, Hanjing, Zidong Wang, Lifeng Ma, Xiaohui Liu, and Zhihui Wei. "Multi-task Pruning via Filter Index Sharing: A Many-Objective Optimization Approach." Cognitive Computation 13, no. 4 (June 25, 2021): 1070–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12559-021-09894-x.

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AbstractState-of-the-art deep neural network plays an increasingly important role in artificial intelligence, while the huge number of parameters in networks brings high memory cost and computational complexity. To solve this problem, filter pruning is widely used for neural network compression and acceleration. However, existing algorithms focus mainly on pruning single model, and few results are available to multi-task pruning that is capable of pruning multi-model and promoting the learning performance. By utilizing the filter sharing technique, this paper aimed to establish a multi-task pruning framework for simultaneously pruning and merging filters in multi-task networks. An optimization problem of selecting the important filters is solved by developing a many-objective optimization algorithm where three criteria are adopted as objectives for the many-objective optimization problem. With the purpose of keeping the network structure, an index matrix is introduced to regulate the information sharing during multi-task training. The proposed multi-task pruning algorithm is quite flexible that can be performed with either adaptive or pre-specified pruning rates. Extensive experiments are performed to verify the applicability and superiority of the proposed method on both single-task and multi-task pruning.

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Chen, Jiankui, Yiwei Jin, and Zhouping Yin. "Review of wound roll stress in roll-to-roll manufacturing of flexible electronics." Chinese Science Bulletin 64, no. 5-6 (January 25, 2019): 555–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n972018-00744.

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Hamers, Edward A. G., Menno N. van den Donker, Bernd Stannowski, Rutger Schlatmann, and Gert J. Jongerden. "Helianthos: Roll-to-Roll Deposition of Flexible Solar Cell Modules." Plasma Processes and Polymers 4, no. 3 (April 23, 2007): 275–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppap.200600180.

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Gurieff, Nicholas, Declan Finn Keogh, Mark Baldry, Victoria Timchenko, Donna Green, Ilpo Koskinen, and Chris Menictas. "Mass Transport Optimization for Redox Flow Battery Design." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 17, 2020): 2801. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082801.

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The world is moving to the next phase of the energy transition with high penetrations of renewable energy. Flexible and scalable redox flow battery (RFB) technology is expected to play an important role in ensuring electricity network security and reliability. Innovations continue to enhance their value by reducing parasitic losses and maximizing available energy over broader operating conditions. Simulations of vanadium redox flow battery (VRB/VRFB) cells were conducted using a validated COMSOL Multiphysics model. Cell designs are developed to reduce losses from pump energy while improving the delivery of active species where required. The combination of wedge-shaped cells with static mixers is found to improve performance by reducing differential pressure and concentration overpotential. Higher electrode compression at the outlet optimises material properties through the cell, while the mixer mitigates concentration gradients across the cell. Simulations show a 12% lower pressure drop across the cell and a 2% lower charge voltage for improved energy efficiency. Wedge-shaped cells are shown to offer extended capacity during cycling. The prototype mixers are fabricated using additive manufacturing for further studies. Toroidal battery designs incorporating these innovations at the kW scale are developed through inter-disciplinary collaboration and rendered using computer aided design (CAD).

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Fernández Casafuz, Agustina B., María Cecilia De Rossi, and Luciana Bruno. "Morphological fluctuations of individual mitochondria in living cells." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 34, no. 9 (December 15, 2021): 094005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ac3e9c.

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Abstract Uncovering the link between mitochondrial morphology, dynamics, positioning and function is challenging. Mitochondria are very flexible organelles that are subject to tension and compression within cells. Recent findings highlighted the importance of these mechanical aspects in the regulation of mitochondria dynamics, arising the question on which are the processes and mechanisms involved in their shape remodeling. In this work we explored in detail the morphological changes and spatio-temporal fluctuations of these organelles in living Xenopus laevis melanophores, a well-characterized cellular model. We developed an automatic method for the classification of mitochondria shapes based on the analysis of the curvature of the contour shape from confocal microscopy images. A persistence length of 2.1 μm was measured, quantifying, for the first time, the bending plasticity of mitochondria in their cellular environment. The shape evolution at the single organelle level was followed during a few minutes revealing that mitochondria can bend and unbend in the seconds timescale. Furthermore, the inspection of confocal movies simultaneously registering fluorescent mitochondria and microtubules suggests that the cytoskeleton network architecture and dynamics play a significant role in mitochondria shape remodeling and fluctuations. For instance changes from sinuous to elongated organelles related to transitions from confined behavior to fast directed motion along microtubule tracks were observed.

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39

Donaldson, Laurie. "Roll-process technology for flexible electronics." Materials Today 19, no. 10 (December 2016): 551–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2016.11.015.

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Choi, Yoon-Young, Han-Ki Kim, Hyun-Woo Koo, Tae-Woong Kim, and Sung-Nam Lee. "Flexible ZnSnO3/Ag/ZnSnO3 multilayer electrodes grown by roll-to-roll sputtering on flexible polyethersulfone substrates." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films 29, no. 6 (November 2011): 061502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.3632999.

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41

Zhang, Zimeng, Jingjing Qiu, and Shiren Wang. "Roll-to-roll printing of flexible thin-film organic thermoelectric devices." Manufacturing Letters 8 (April 2016): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mfglet.2016.04.002.

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42

EGUCHI, Toshimasa. "Flexible Color Filter Carried Out by a Roll-to-Roll Process." Kobunshi 54, no. 5 (2005): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1295/kobunshi.54.309.

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43

Wang, Min-Wen, Wei-Chuang Lin, and Ming-Hsiao Lee. "Fabrication of flexible microlens array film using roll-to-roll process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 227, no. 4 (April 2013): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954405413475940.

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Leppäniemi, Jaakko, Tomi Mattila, Terho Kololuoma, Mika Suhonen, and Ari Alastalo. "Roll-to-roll printed resistive WORM memory on a flexible substrate." Nanotechnology 23, no. 30 (July 10, 2012): 305204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/23/30/305204.

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45

Ahn, Se Hyun, and L. Jay Guo. "High-Speed Roll-to-Roll Nanoimprint Lithography on Flexible Plastic Substrates." Advanced Materials 20, no. 11 (June 4, 2008): 2044–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adma.200702650.

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46

Garner, Sean, Scott Glaesemann, and Xinghua Li. "Ultra-slim flexible glass for roll-to-roll electronic device fabrication." Applied Physics A 116, no. 2 (May 15, 2014): 403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-014-8468-2.

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Kim, Young Yun, Tae‐Youl Yang, Riikka Suhonen, Marja Välimäki, Tiina Maaninen, Antti Kemppainen, Nam Joong Jeon, and Jangwon Seo. "Gravure‐Printed Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells: Toward Roll‐to‐Roll Manufacturing." Advanced Science 6, no. 7 (January 28, 2019): 1802094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/advs.201802094.

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48

Gu, Weibing, and Zheng Cui. "11.1: Invited Paper: Roll‐to‐Roll Printed Flexible Electronics and Applications." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 50, S1 (September 2019): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.13403.

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Eutionnat-Diffo, Prisca Aude, Aurélie Cayla, Yan Chen, Jinping Guan, Vincent Nierstrasz, and Christine Campagne. "Development of Flexible and Conductive Immiscible Thermoplastic/Elastomer Monofilament for Smart Textiles Applications Using 3D Printing." Polymers 12, no. 10 (October 8, 2020): 2300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12102300.

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3D printing utilized as a direct deposition of conductive polymeric materials onto textiles reveals to be an attractive technique in the development of functional textiles. However, the conductive fillers—filled thermoplastic polymers commonly used in the development of functional textiles through 3D printing technology and most specifically through Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process—are not appropriate for textile applications as they are excessively brittle and fragile at room temperature. Indeed, a large amount of fillers is incorporated into the polymers to attain the percolation threshold increasing their viscosity and stiffness. For this reason, this study focuses on enhancing the flexibility, stress and strain at rupture and electrical conductivity of 3D-printed conductive polymer onto textiles by developing various immiscible polymer blends. A phase is composed of a conductive polymer composite (CPC) made of a carbon nanotubes (CNT) and highly structured carbon black (KB)- filled low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and another one of propylene-based elastomer (PBE) blends. Two requirements are essential to create flexible and highly conductive monofilaments for 3D-printed polymers onto textile materials applications. First, the co-continuity of both the thermoplastic and the elastomer phases and the location of the conductive fillers in the thermoplastic phase or at the interface of the two immiscible polymers are necessary to preserve the flexibility of the elastomer while decreasing the global amount of charges in the blends. In the present work based on theoretical models, when using a two-step melt process, the KB and CNT particles are found to be both preferentially located at the LDPE/PBE interface. Moreover, in the case of the two-step extrusion, SEM characterization showed that the KB particles were located in the LDPE while the CNT were mainly at the LDPE/PBE interface and TEM analysis demonstrated that KB and CNT nanoparticles were in LDPE and at the interface. For one-step extrusion, it was found that both KB and CNT are in the PBE and LDPE phases. These selective locations play a key role in extending the co-continuity of the LDPE and PBE phases over a much larger composition range. Therefore, the melt flow index and the electrical conductivity of monofilament, the deformation under compression, the strain and stress and the electrical conductivity of the 3D-printed conducting polymer composite onto textiles were significantly improved with KB and CNT-filled LDPE/PBE blends compared to KB and CNT-filled LDPE separately. The two-step extrusion processed 60%(LDPE16.7% KB + 4.2% CNT)/40 PBE blends presented the best properties and almost similar to the ones of the textile materials and henceforth, could be a better material for functional textile development through 3D printing onto textiles.

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Li, Yue, Shu Chen Yang, Mi Wang, and Guo Long Lu. "Elongation Rule of the Longitudinal Fiber of the Continuous Roll Forming Part." Materials Science Forum 921 (May 2018): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.921.184.

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Continuous roll forming is a novel technique for low-cost, high-efficient manufacturing of three-dimensional surface part. Comparing with conventional continuous forming (using at least three rolls), continuous roll forming employs an upper and a lower flexible rolls to shape the sheet metal. The desired forming shape can be obtained by controlling the profile of the flexible roll and the gap between upper and lower flexible rolls. Modeling and simulation of the continuous roll forming process based on finite element analyses is established to investigate the elongation rule of the longitudinal fiber of the continuous roll forming part. The length of the longitudinal fiber at different positions across the thickness direction is discussed, and the mechanism of the longitudinal deformation is clarified. The following conclusions are obtained. When the flexible roll profile and the roll gap distribution meet certain conditions and make length of the longitudinal fiber linearly distributed, the longitudinal deformation of the sheet metal can be generated.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Compression of flexible roll'

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