Journal articles on the topic 'Compressible sediment'
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Yan, Yi Zhi, Chang Xin Xiong, and Zhi Min Su. "Seismic Response of Dam-Sediment-Water on Fluid-Solid Coupling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2645–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2645.
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Studying the important effects of sediments on the seismic response of dams ,This paper established the calculation model based on regarding the water reservoir as compressible fluid ,the dam and the foundation as an elastic solid, the sediment as Liquid-Solid two-phase porous medium. The results showed that the sediment thickness and properties have important effects on the dam seismic. Increasing the thickness of sediment ,the seismic response of acceleration significantly decreased, the hydrodynamic pressure significantly reduced , which is benefited to the safety of the dam.
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Stamatakis, K., and Chi Tien. "Batch sedimentation calculations — the effect of compressible sediment." Powder Technology 72, no. 3 (November 1992): 227–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(92)80042-u.
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Ooi, Jieun Lin, Lee Woen Ean, Bashar S. Mohammed, M. A. Malek, Leong Sing Wong, Chao Wei Tang, and He Qing Chua. "Study on the Properties of Compressed Bricks Using Cameron Highlands Reservoir Sediment as Primary Material." Applied Mechanics and Materials 710 (January 2015): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.710.25.
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This research is to investigate the properties of compressed building bricks producedfrom Cameron Highlands reservoir sediment. The particle size distribution of the sediments are graded as silt and sand. The sediments used were as total replacement of the normal soils used in the compressed soil bricks. This paper presents the compilation of experimental brick properties; compressive strength, water absorption, microstructure and heavy metal leachingof the compressed sediment bricks. The experimental results shows that increasing use of reservoir sediments decrease the compressive strength andincrease the water absorption. The heavy metal concentrations of the leachates from the leaching test are all within the regulatory limits. The optimum mix is derives from the compressive strength and the water absorption in which in this research is Mix 4, 70% sedimenta, 20% sedimentb and 10% cement,complying with ASTM C129 – Non Load Bearing Bricks [1].
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Qiu, Haomiao, Tangdai Xia, Weiyun Chen, and Bingqi Yu. "Low-frequency pseudo-Rayleigh and pseudo-Scholte waves at an interface of liquid/soft porous sediment with underlying hard porous sediment substrate." Geophysical Journal International 219, no. 1 (July 25, 2019): 540–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz295.
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Summary The paper focuses on the propagation of low-frequency pseudo-Rayleigh and pseudo-Scholte waves at the liquid/soft porous sediment interface with an underlying hard porous sediment half-space. The overlying liquid is assumed to be ideal compressible medium and the porous sediments are modelled by Biot theory. Based on the boundary conditions, the closed-form dispersion equations of far-field interface waves are deduced using 2-D Helmholtz decomposition theorem and Fourier transform. The velocity and attenuation of pseudo-Rayleigh and pseudo-Scholte waves are determined by Newton iteration in a reasonable rooting interval. The analytical expressions of the displacement field and liquid pressure distribution caused by interface waves are also derived. Then, the dispersion equations for four degenerate systems are derived as special cases by assuming the thickness of the liquid layer or the sandwiched porous soft sediment layer to be zero or infinite. Lastly, numerical examples are used to verify the degeneracy of the system and to analyse the propagation characteristics of pseudo-Rayleigh and pseudo-Scholte waves. They show the dependences of the velocity and displacement field on dimensionless modulus and dimensionless wavelength. When the dimensionless wavelength is small or very large, the phase velocity and displacement field calculated by the present system is the same as the special cases, thus proving the validating of the new system.
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Nodoushan, Ehsan Jafari, and Ahmad Shakibaeinia. "Multiphase mesh-free particle modeling of local sediment scouring with μ(I) rheology." Journal of Hydroinformatics 21, no. 2 (December 4, 2018): 279–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2018.068.
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Abstract Sediment scouring is a common example of highly dynamic sediment transport. Considering its complexities, the accurate prediction of such a highly dynamic multiphase granular flow system is a challenge for the traditional numerical techniques that rely on a mesh system. The mesh-free particle methods are a newer generation of numerical techniques with an inherent ability to deal with the deformations and fragmentations of a multiphase continuum. This study aims at developing and evaluating a multiphase mesh-free particle model based on the weakly compressible moving particle semi-implicit (WC-MPS) formulation for simulation of sediment scouring. The sediment material is considered as a non-Newtonian viscoplastic fluid, whose behavior is predicted using a regularized μ(I) rheological model in combination with pressure-dependent yield criteria. The model is first validated for a benchmark problem of viscoplastic Poiseuille flow. It is then applied and evaluated for the study of two classical sediment scouring cases. The results show that the high-velocity flow currents and the circulations can create a low-viscosity region on the surface of the sediment continuum. Comparing the numerical results with the experimental measurements shows a good accuracy in prediction of the sediment profile, especially the shape and dimensions of the scour hole.
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Piecuch, Tadeusz, Jacek Piekarski, and Grażyna Malatyńska. "The Equation Describing the Filtration Process with Compressible Sediment Accumulation on a Filter Mesh." Archives of Environmental Protection 39, no. 1 (March 1, 2013): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aep-2013-0009.
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Abstract Filtration process is one of the basic and essential processes in technological systems for treatment of municipal, community and industrial wastewater treatment. Filtration process is a subject of numerous published research and theoretical elaborations. This publication concerns theoretical analysis with basic character, and is a verification of theoretical analysis and physical equations describing process of filtration aided with empirical formulas.
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Damsgaard, A., D. L. Egholm, J. A. Piotrowski, S. Tulaczyk, N. K. Larsen, and C. F. Brædstrup. "A new methodology to simulate subglacial deformation of water saturated granular material." Cryosphere Discussions 9, no. 4 (July 13, 2015): 3617–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tcd-9-3617-2015.
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Abstract. The dynamics of glaciers are to a large degree governed by processes operating at the ice–bed interface, and one of the primary mechanisms of glacier flow over soft unconsolidated sediments is subglacial deformation. However, it has proven difficult to constrain the mechanical response of subglacial sediment to the shear stress of an overriding glacier. In this study, we present a new methodology designed to simulate subglacial deformation using a coupled numerical model for computational experiments on grain-fluid mixtures. The granular phase is simulated on a per-grain basis by the discrete element method. The pore water is modeled as a compressible Newtonian fluid without inertia. The numerical approach allows close monitoring of the internal behavior under a range of conditions. The rheology of a water-saturated granular bed may include both plastic and rate-dependent dilatant hardening or weakening components, depending on the rate of deformation, the material state, clay mineral content, and the hydrological properties of the material. The influence of the fluid phase is negligible when relatively permeable sediment is deformed. However, by reducing the local permeability, fast deformation can cause variations in the pore-fluid pressure. The pressure variations weaken or strengthen the granular phase, and in turn influence the distribution of shear strain with depth. In permeable sediments the strain distribution is governed by the grain-size distribution and effective normal stress and is typically on the order of tens of centimeters. Significant dilatant strengthening in impermeable sediments causes deformation to focus at the hydrologically more stable ice–bed interface, and results in a very shallow cm-to-mm deformational depth. The amount of strengthening felt by the glacier depends on the hydraulic conductivity at the ice–bed interface. Grain-fluid feedbacks can cause complex material properties that vary over time, and which may be of importance for glacier stick-slip behavior.
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Isaev, Veniamin, Andrey Maltsev, and Andrey Karpov. "Calculating methodology of large base slabs: compressible strata capacity and foundation settlement." MATEC Web of Conferences 196 (2018): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819603002.
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The paper focuses on determining foundation active zones and calculating foundation settlement which is the question of great scientific and practical interest. According to existing methodologies, researchers apply the theory of homogeneous isotropic linear-deformable medium to determine the deformation of soil foundations. In this study the authors propose to use the theory of soils compression seal and its one-dimensional problem solution to calculate the sediment of large base slabs. To justify this methodology, the authors specify the minimum size of foundation slabs. They analyze the Boussinesq's Formula and prove that compacting pressure is evenly distributed throughout the area of the slab bottom. The researchers delimit concepts of the active zone and the compressible strata. It is assumed that the compressible strata is a part of the active zone. The existing methods on calculating compressible strata capacity introduced by N.A. Tsytovich and K.E. Egorov (SP 22.13330.2016) are also analyzed in the paper. Besides, formulas of determining compressible strata capacity and of calculating slab foundation settlement are presented. Calculation results of this methodology and the method suggested in the existing code specification (CS) are produced and compared. The researches come to the conclusion that, according to CS, compressible strata capacity increases with the increase of foundation space under the same load. This corresponds to the theory of linear-deformable half-space. The authors believe that the size of slab foundation settlement depends only on the compacting pressure capacity (which coincides with the Winkler's hypothesis), and on the properties of foundation soils. The authors assign the application area of the spatial problem solution for calculating foundation settlement.
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Damsgaard, A., D. L. Egholm, J. A. Piotrowski, S. Tulaczyk, N. K. Larsen, and C. F. Brædstrup. "A new methodology to simulate subglacial deformation of water-saturated granular material." Cryosphere 9, no. 6 (November 20, 2015): 2183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-9-2183-2015.
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Abstract. The dynamics of glaciers are to a large degree governed by processes operating at the ice–bed interface, and one of the primary mechanisms of glacier flow over soft unconsolidated sediments is subglacial deformation. However, it has proven difficult to constrain the mechanical response of subglacial sediment to the shear stress of an overriding glacier. In this study, we present a new methodology designed to simulate subglacial deformation using a coupled numerical model for computational experiments on grain-fluid mixtures. The granular phase is simulated on a per-grain basis by the discrete element method. The pore water is modeled as a compressible Newtonian fluid without inertia. The numerical approach allows close monitoring of the internal behavior under a range of conditions. Our computational experiments support the findings of previous studies where the rheology of a slowly deforming water-saturated granular bed in the steady state generally conforms to the rate-independent plastic rheology. Before this so-called critical state, deformation is in many cases accompanied by volumetric changes as grain rearrangement in active shear zones changes the local porosity. For previously consolidated beds porosity increases can cause local pore-pressure decline, dependent on till permeability and shear rate. We observe that the pore-water pressure reduction strengthens inter-granular contacts, which results in increased shear strength of the granular material. In contrast, weakening takes place when shear deformation causes consolidation of dilated sediments or during rapid fabric development. Both processes of strengthening and weakening depend inversely on the sediment permeability and are transient phenomena tied to the porosity changes during the early stages of shear. We find that the transient strengthening and weakening in turn influences the distribution of shear strain in the granular bed. Dilatant strengthening has the ability to distribute strain during early deformation to large depths, if sediment dilatancy causes the water pressure at the ice–bed interface to decline. Oppositely, if the ice–bed interface is hydrologically stable the strengthening process is minimal and instead causes shallow deformation. The depth of deformation in subglacial beds thus seems to be governed by not only local grain and pore-water feedbacks but also larger-scale hydrological properties at the ice base.
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Smolin, Yu P., and K. V. Vostrikov. "COMPACTION OF SATURATED SOILS WITH REGARD TO COMPRESSIBLE PORE FLUID AND SOIL CREEP." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo arkhitekturno-stroitel'nogo universiteta. JOURNAL of Construction and Architecture 21, no. 5 (October 29, 2019): 192–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.31675/1607-1859-2019-21-5-192-199.
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The paper describes the problem of consolidation of clay soil with spherical tensor and stress deviator, taking into account compressibility of pore fluid and the soil creep. In solving the problem, the differential equation is suggested for compacting cohesive soil filled with linearly compressible groundwater. It is considered that the gas volume in the groundwater does not exceed 10 %. The solution of the differential equation is based on the Fourier transform.For the numerical calculation of creep during compaction of consolidated soil an easy-touse method was used, i.e. testing of soil samples of the same monolith in the compression device, but different height. Knowing the relative vertical deformation of these samples, approximation and extrapolation methods allow to find the relative deformation at the sample height tending to zero. At almost zero sample thickness, deformation depends only on the soil creep, while the pore pressure will no longer play a role.The obtained values of the relative strain are used to select the function of the creep nucleus. It is found that the exponential function optimally describes the process of soil compaction over the entire area: from the beginning of compaction to its termination.Knowing the pressure, the stress in soil and the amount of sediment are found with a triaxial compression, taking into account its instantaneous deformation.
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Frar, Ikram, Houdaifa Bakkali, Mohammed Ammari, and Laïla Ben Allal. "Integration of Port Dredged Sediments Into the Production of Fired Clay Bricks." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 45, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 428–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2019.428.
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Bricks manufactured, based on dredged sediments extracted from Tangier and Larache ports in Morocco were investigated. Chemical, physical, geotechnical, mineralogical and environmental characterizations studies of ports dredged sediments were performed. Partial substitution of natural clay by dredged sediments was achieved with different substitution rates by weight (20%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 70%) to manufacture brick samples at the laboratory scale. The compressive strength was the factor determining the optimal substitution rate of the natural clay. Compressive strength values of fired bricks with different rates of sediments incorporated show that the manufactured bricks have mechanical characteristics relatively close to natural clay until 60% substitution for Larache port dredged sediment (SL) and until 50% for Tangier port dredged sediment (ST). The results in this study confirm that dredged sediments from the ports of Tangier and Larache can be used as an alternative raw materials resource for the manufacturing of fired bricks.
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Pakhomova, E. G., O. I. Kutsenko, A. S. Morozova, and A. R. Timokhina. "Settlement Computation of Homogeneous Base." Proceedings of the Southwest State University 23, no. 6 (February 23, 2020): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2019-23-6-90-98.
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Purpose of reseach. This article proposes the development of a new methodology for determining the settlement of a homogeneous foundation base on the basis of the layer-by-layer summation method, which reduces the amount of calculations performed.Methods. The boundary of the compressible stratum can be determined graphically from the condition that the additional stresses are equal to half the natural stresses. Knowing the value of the depth of the compressible stratum, we can determine the total value of the coefficients included in the well-known formula for calculating the settlement of the base by the method of layer-by-layer summation. Having determined the value of the specified coefficient in the layer located directly below the base of the foundation, we introduce the coefficient Kα, which reflects the proportion of sediment in the layer under consideration.Results. The application of the developed coefficient Kα allows determining the base settlement by calculating the deformations of one soil layer located directly below the base of the foundation, which greatly simplifies the design of underground structures. As an example, we consider a foundation, the average pressure under the sole of which is 1200 kPa, the laying depth d = 2 m, the base is homogeneous with a deformation modulus of 20 MPa and a specific gravity of γ = 18 kN / m3. The settlement of the building-basement system was calculated by the method of layer-bylayer summation and the critical analysis of the results was performed. When calculating precipitation by the method of layer-by-layer summation according to the known formulas given in SP 22.13330. 2016 “Foundations of buildings and structures”, it was obtained a draft value of 9 cm. When calculating the base deformations according to the proposed method, the boundary of the compressible thickness Hc = 5.7 m was graphically determined. The coefficient value was 0.203, and the draft was 9 cm.Conclusion. The settlement values determined in accordance with current regulatory documents and the developed methodology are the same, which allows us to conclude that the proposed method has a sufficient degree of reliability and can significantly facilitate the process of determining the deformations of the base of buildings and structures.
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Тер-Мартиросян, Завен, Zaven Ter-Martirosyan, Армен Тер-Мартиросян, and Armen Ter-Martirosyan. "INTERACTION OF LONG PILE FINITE STIFFNESS WITH THE BROADENING HEEL AND THE SURROUNDING SOIL." Construction and Architecture 3, no. 2 (January 30, 2016): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/14963.
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The article is formulating and solving problems of the interaction of the long pile with finite stiffness with the broadening heel and the surrounding soil, having nonlinear and rheological properties. It is shown that the distribution of longitudinal stresses, in the trunk of the pile and tangential stresses at the contact with the soil pile depth is not linear, and this nonlinearity depends essentially on the nonlinear properties of the soil, the ratio of length and diameter of the pile and its stiffness. Judgments obtained in closed form allow us to determine sediment pile at the pile tip and heel as well as the voltage at the heel of the pile. We also consider the problem of interaction of long compressible piles surrounding soil within a contact weakened layer. To do this, enter the stiffness coefficient of the contact layer having a dimension of [kN / m3, t / m3], and to account for the viscosity of the soil layer is introduced factor having the dimension [kN / m3 ∙ s].
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Hadj Sadok, Rachid, Walid Maherzi, Mahfoud Benzerzour, Richard Lord, Keith Torrance, Agnes Zambon, and Nor-Edine Abriak. "Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Low Carbon Binders Manufactured from Calcined Canal Sediments and Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS)." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 12, 2021): 9057. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169057.
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This research study evaluated the effects of adding Scottish canal sediment after calcination at 750 °C in combination with GGBS on hydration, strength and microstructural properties in ternary cement mixtures in order to reduce their carbon footprint (CO2) and cost. A series of physico-chemical, hydration heat, mechanic performance, mercury porosity and microstructure tests or observations was performed in order to evaluate the fresh and hardened properties. The physical and chemical characterisation of the calcined sediments revealed good pozzolanic properties that could be valorised as a potential co-product in the cement industry. The results obtained for mortars with various percentages of calcined sediment confirmed that this represents a previously unrecognised potential source of high reactivity pozzolanic materials. The evolution of the compressive strength for the different types of mortars based on the partial substitution of cement by slag and calcined sediments showed a linear increase in compressive strength for 90 days. The best compressive strengths and porosity were observed in mortars composed of 50% cement, 40% slag and 10% calcined sediment (CSS10%) after 90 days. In conclusion, the addition of calcined canal sediments as an artificial pozzolanic material could improve strength and save significant amounts of energy or greenhouse gas emissions, while potentially contributing to Scotland’s ambitious 2045 net zero target and reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 2050 in the UK and Europe.
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Qureshi, Mohsin Usman, Maryam Alsaidi, Mubashir Aziz, Ilhan Chang, Ali Murtaza Rasool, and Zaheer Abbas Kazmi. "Use of Reservoir Sediments to Improve Engineering Properties of Dune Sand in Oman." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 10, 2021): 1620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041620.
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Managing sediments dredged from reservoirs of recharge dams is an environmental issue, however, these sediments can be an abundant and economical source of fine-grained fill soil. This experimental investigation quantifies the geotechnical properties of a reservoir sediment used to improve engineering properties of a poorly graded dune sand in Oman. The binary mixes were prepared with different percentages (5, 10, 20, 50, 75, 90, 95%) of sediment with sand. Laboratory tests such as gradation, consistency limits, compaction, and unconfined compression tests were performed to measure the engineering characteristics of the binary mixtures. The results showed that the maximum dry density increases up to a sediment content of 50% and then decreases with further increase in the sediment content. The optimum water content increases with the increase in sediment content from 17% for pure sand to 22.5% for pure sediment. The optimum moisture content shows a good correlation with the plastic limit of the binary mixture of sand and sediment. The unconfined compressive strength substantially increases with sediment content up to 75% and then decreases with further increase in the sediment content. The binary mixture of sand sediment is sensitive to moisture, however, the order of strength stability against moisture is dune sand mixed with 75, 50, and 20% sediments. The addition of sediment to dune sand improved the uniformity coefficient to some extent with an increase in the maximum and minimum void ratios as well. The elemental analysis of the sediment confirms that the material is non-contaminated and can be employed in geotechnical engineering applications as a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution.
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Li, Qin, and Ke Wei Sun. "Research on Environment-Friendly Soil Stabilizer Solidifying Buildings Residues for Paving Materials." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 1155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.1155.
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Two groups of buildings residues was studied in the paper as to unconfined compressive strength, soaked unconfined compressive strength, shrinkage values, porosity. It is show that Q2 soil stabilizer can improve the micro-structure of solidified blocks of buildings sediment for dispersed sphere-shaped particles can be generated by Q2 soil stabilizer mixed with buildings residues and cement. As a result, the solidified block of buildings sediments was improved in the properties in its increased unconfined compressive strength, decreased shrinkage values and higher durability.
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Chua, He Qing, Lee Woen Ean, Bashar S. Mohammed, M. A. Malek, Leong Sing Wong, Chao Wei Tang, Zhi Kwong Lee, et al. "Potential Use of Cameron Highlands Reservoir Sediment in Compressed Bricks." Key Engineering Materials 594-595 (December 2013): 487–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.487.
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The objective of this research is to investigate the potential use of Cameron Highland reservoir sediment in compressed brick production. The sediments can be classified as well-graded clayey sandy SILT and well-graded gravely SAND whereby the grain size is comparable to the grain size of sand and silt. The sediment was used as a 100 % replacement for the soils content in conventional soil cement bricks. Besides that, sodium bentonite, mica, fly ash and bottom ash are used as pozzolan to partially replace the cement in the sediment cement bricks. This paper presents the compressive strength of sediment cement brick incorporating sodium bentonite, mica, bottom ash and fly ash as partial replacement of cement. The total replacement of soils by Cameron Highland reservoir sediment (Mix 2) shows significant increase in compressive strength of the bricks compare to the conventional soil cement bricks (Mix 1), while partial replacement of 10 % pozzolan results in optimum strength. On the other hand, 10 % of bottom ash and 10 % of fly ash (Mix 13) as partial replacement of cement achieved the highest compressive strength. This implies that sodium bentonite, mica, fly ash and bottom ash can be used as pozzolan to partial replace the cement.
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Zouch, Afef, Yannick Mamindy-Pajany, Ilyas Ennahal, Nor-Edine Abriak, and Mohamed Ksibi. "An eco-friendly epoxy polymer binder for the treatment of Tunisian harbor sediments: Laboratory investigations for beneficial reuse." Waste Management & Research 38, no. 8 (March 13, 2020): 876–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20910234.
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The management of dredged sediments poses serious environmental and economic problems because of their geochemical properties and in particular their pollutant content. In this research, marine sediments from Tunisian harbors were collected to study their beneficial reuse as construction materials using an eco-friendly polymer binder. Experimental investigations include the determination of physicochemical, mineralogical, and environmental parameters of sediments from the Sidi Mansour and Sidi Youssef areas in Tunisia. Prismatic mortar samples (4 × 4 × 16 cm) were prepared at laboratory scale using normalized sand and epoxy resin. Then their composition was modified by including a sediment fraction in the substitution of sand at rates ranging from 10 to 50% in dry mass. After a 7-day curing period, mortar samples were submitted to mechanical, physicochemical, and environmental analyses. Mortar samples including sediment fractions displayed lower strength than sand mortar used as control. This result is explained by the increase of porosity values in the mortar samples when sediment samples were incorporated. A positive relationship between porosity and compressive strength values was evidenced, suggesting that the compactness of granular skeleton could play an important role in the preparation of materials. From an environmental point of view, the mortar samples containing sediment fractions showed relatively low leaching levels, which confirms their suitability for the manufacturing of construction materials.
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Huang, C., J. R. Pan, K. D. Sun, and C. T. Liaw. "Reuse of water treatment plant sludge and dam sediment in brick-making." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 10 (November 1, 2001): 273–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0639.
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In this study, an attempt was made to use water treatment plant (WTP) sludge and dam sediment as raw materials for brick-making through the sintering process. The sinter of dam sediment fired at 1,050°C had a less than 15% ratio water absorption, and its compressive strength and bulk density met the Chinese National Standard (CNS) for first level brick. The WTP sludge sinter made under the same operating condition exhibited higher water absorption, larger shrinkage, but poorer compressive strength. When fired at 1,100°C, the shrinkage of the WTP sludge sinter was as high as 45%, although its compressive strength and water absorption of WTP sludge brick still met the standard for the first level brick. To reuse WTP sludge in an economical way, mixtures of various proportions of WTP sludge to dam sediment are used as raw materials. A satisfactory result was achieved when the ratio of the WTP sludge was less than 20% of the mixture. Results of tests indicated that the sinter of dam sediments which are fired at a temperature of 1000~1100°C has reached the requirement for tile brick.
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Junakova, Natalia, and Jozef Junak. "Beneficial Reuse of Reservoir Sediments in Concrete Production." Advanced Materials Research 1100 (April 2015): 202–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1100.202.
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This research investigates the potential use of dredged reservoir sediments as a substitute of raw material in concrete production. The first objective is to determine the physical and chemical characteristics of dredged sediments. Based on these sediment characteristics, it appears appropriate to use them as a partial substitute for the natural aggregate in the concrete production. The research results show that concrete mixtures prepared in weight ratio 20 % of coarse-grained sediments as a partial substitute of 0/4 natural aggregate fraction in concrete to 80 % of natural aggregate reached even exceeded the compressive and flexural strengths after 2 and 7 of hardening to those measured in control concrete mixture. After 28 days of hardening, the compressive strength in this mixture slightly decreased (34.44 MPa) in comparison with the control concrete composite (38.30 MPa), while flexural strength measured in the mixture (5.41 MPa) was higher than in control concrete composite (4.93 MPa).
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Chen, Guan Huan, and Jian Zhong Zhu. "An Experiment for Effects of Different Additives on Strength of Sediment Solidification." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 1235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.1235.
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The solidification method is a significant and resultful method for the disposal of dredged sediment. Solidified agents can be employed to improve the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of sediment solidification. In this work, considering of economy and practicability, three kinds of optimized compound additives are selected and investigated on the effects of UCS of sediment solidification. 7d., 14d.and 28d. solidification stadium were taken to test the UCS of samples. Results showed that the activator had the best effect on increasing the UCS. The comparative tests also indicated that adding any kind of additive into the cement-based materials could improve the UCS of sediment solidification, the highest value of UCS was 11.02MPa (SCAHR). By means of scan electron microscope (SEM) technology, the microstructure images of the raw sample and solidified sample were obtained, which help to understand the development of UCS of the solidified sediments.
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Tsai, Wen Po, Hui Wen Liao, Ho Ji Chen, and Kuo Chang Jane. "A Research of Reservoir Sediment Solidification Using Biotechnology." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 2761–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2761.
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At the end of 2010, almost all reservoirs in Taiwan have sedimentation problem. Sedimentation in major reservoirs, such as Wushoh reservoir, had reached 63.73% of its storage capacity in 2009, and must undergo dredging. However, agencies responsible for the final processing stages of reservoir sediments failed to come up with a breakthrough. Limitations established by environmental protection laws also hindered proper dredging of the reservoirs. Hence, further investigation was required for solidifying and reusing reservoir sediments. This research focused on the reuse of Wushoh reservoir sediments. Experimental results showed that when bacteria Bacillus Pastuerii(B.P.) was utilized in sediment solidification, higher bacterial concentrations could induce higher sedimentation of calcium carbonate. In a 70% Urea-CaCl2 medium, a bacterial concentration of 100% resulted in the highest compressive strength that was 30% higher than the control group (bacterial concentration of 0%). Therefore, bacteria can be used to solidify sediments and improve compressive strength. In specimens treated with higher concentrations of bacteria, more square and polygonal crystals were observed via SEM. X-ray powder diffractometer (XRD) analysis showed that bacteria-treated sediments contained calcium carbonate crystals in every stage of processing. Hence, it was shown that bacteria can promote solidification by inducing calcium carbonate sedimentation.
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Alcalá-García, F. J., M. Martín-Martín, and A. López-Galindo. "Clay mineralogy of the Tertiary sediments in the Internal Subbetic of Málaga Province, S Spain: implications for geodynamic evolution." Clay Minerals 36, no. 4 (December 2001): 615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0009855013640013.
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AbstractThe clay mineralogy of a set of Tertiary marine sediments from the Internal Subbetic of the Betic External Zone was examined. Two types of sedimentary environment were distinguished: a platform environment consisting of limestones, marls, organogenic limestones, conglomerates and silexites distributed heterogeneously in time and space; and deep environments, where the sedimentation consisted of marls, marly limestones, marly clays and silexites, with no sedimentary gap. A third group of sediments studied belongs to the Águila Complex, with mineralogical and stratigraphic characteristics very similar to the platform sediments. This third type of sediment is found in the sediments of the Campo de Gibraltar Complex as large, disperse blocks resulting from tectonic activity. A very similar mineral association was observed in all three domains, consisting of smectite, illite, mixed-layer I-S, kaolinite and lesser amounts of palygorskite and chlorite. Materials mainly derive from the erosion of Mesozoic sediments, and sedimentation was controlled by the compressive tectonics of the region.
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Manap, Norpadzlihatun, Gomathi Govindasamy, Sulzakimin Mohamed, Narimah Kasim, Sharifah Meryam Shareh Musa, and Mohd Yamani Yahya. "Performance of Dredged Sediment as a Replacement for Fine Aggregates in Concrete Mixture: Case Study at Sungai Pekan, Pahang." MATEC Web of Conferences 266 (2019): 01017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926601017.
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Dredging is essential to maintain suitable depth for shipping by removing dredged sediments from sea and river banks. It is also an important process to supply construction material. In Pahang, increasing flood cases is occurring due to increased sea and river bed level. Thus, dredging is needed to be performed in this location. In addition, the rapid growth of the construction industry requires a sustainable approach. The reuse of dredged sediments as construction material could be a sustainable approach. Therefore, this research aims to study the engineering properties of dredged sediments and to compare the strength of concrete made from dredged sediments with conventional concrete. The samples for this research obtained from the location of this study at Sungai Pekan. Laboratory testing was performed to determine the engineering properties of dredged sediments and compressive strength of concrete produced from the dredged sediments. The highest average compressive strength of the concrete cube produced from Sample 1 is 9.2 N/mm² for seven days and 11.9 N/mm² for 28 days curing period. Comparatively, Sample 3 has the lowest average compressive strength that is 2.1 N/mm² for seven days and 2.7 N/mm² for 28 days curing period. The strength that is required to be achieved is 14 N/mm² for curing seven days and 20 N/mm² for curing period of 28 days. In conclusion, the concrete cubes made from dredged sediment taken at the sampling area are unable to produce concrete that satisfies the minimum strength for the C20 concrete mix. Therefore, it can be concluded that there is the minimal potential use of dredged sediments taken from the location of this study for the production of concrete in the construction industry.
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Moore, Peter L., Neal R. Iverson, Keith A. Brugger, Denis Cohen, Thomas S. Hooyer, and Peter Jansson. "Effect of a cold margin on ice flow at the terminus of Storglaciären, Sweden: implications for sediment transport." Journal of Glaciology 57, no. 201 (2011): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214311795306583.
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AbstractThe cold-based termini of polythermal glaciers are usually assumed to adhere strongly to an immobile substrate and thereby supply significant resistance to the flow of warm-based ice up-glacier. This compressive environment is commonly thought to uplift basal sediment to the surface of the glacier by folding and thrust faulting. We present model and field evidence from the terminus of Storglaciären, Sweden, showing that the cold margin provides limited resistance to flow from up-glacier. Ice temperatures indicate that basal freezing occurs in this zone at 10−1 −10−2 m a−1, but model results indicate that basal motion at rates greater than 1 m a−1 must, nevertheless, persist there for surface and basal velocities to be consistent with measurements. Estimated longitudinal compressive stresses of 20–25 kPa within the terminus further indicate that basal resistance offered by the cold-based terminus is small. These results indicate that where polythermal glaciers are underlain by unlithified sediments, ice-flow trajectories and sediment transport pathways may be affected by subglacial topography and hydrology more than by the basal thermal regime.
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Kosterin, A. V., G. N. Marchenko, and V. F. Sharafutdinov. "Collection of compressible sediments by filtration." Journal of Engineering Physics 57, no. 6 (December 1989): 1431–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00871385.
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Patterson, Carrie J., and Roger LeB Hooke. "Physical environment of drumlin formation." Journal of Glaciology 41, no. 137 (1995): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000017731.
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AbstractReview of published descriptions of drumlin fields suggests that the following conditions are important to drumlin growth: (1) compressive longitudinal and possibly extending transverse strain rates in the ice, (2) thin ice such as occurs near the glacier margin, and (3) high pore-water pressure in the subglacial sediments. Most drumlin fields display all of these, and no fields of well-developed drumlins were found that did not. On the oilier hand, the lithology of drumlin-forming sediment appears not to be important in promoting drumlin growth, since it varied widely, nor are the lithology and large-scale topography of the bed.
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Patterson, Carrie J., and Roger LeB Hooke. "Physical environment of drumlin formation." Journal of Glaciology 41, no. 137 (1995): 30–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000017731.
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AbstractReview of published descriptions of drumlin fields suggests that the following conditions are important to drumlin growth: (1) compressive longitudinal and possibly extending transverse strain rates in the ice, (2) thin ice such as occurs near the glacier margin, and (3) high pore-water pressure in the subglacial sediments. Most drumlin fields display all of these, and no fields of well-developed drumlins were found that did not. On the oilier hand, the lithology of drumlin-forming sediment appears not to be important in promoting drumlin growth, since it varied widely, nor are the lithology and large-scale topography of the bed.
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Jie, Tang, Ian Lerche, and Jeff Cogan. "Elastic flexure with compressive thrusting of the Green River Basin, Wyoming, U.S.A." Geological Magazine 127, no. 4 (July 1990): 349–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800014904.
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AbstractAn inverse elastic flexural model with compressive thrusting is applied to the northern Green River Basin, Wyoming. A combination of six parameters in the model determines the deformational processes of basement due to sediment load and compressive thrusting: flexural rigidity, lateral stress, bending moment, initial load, dip angle of the basement, and length. The results suggest that the northern Green River Basin develops dominantly as an elastic flexural response to the deformation of basement due to compressive thrusting of the Wind River Mountains. From the unloaded basement configuration we estimate that by latest Cretaceous time the thrust fault activity of the Wind River Mountains led the basement to uplift about 7 km above the hinge point at the margin of the basin and to form a complex faulted mountain system. The maximum uplift rate is about 100 m/Ma at the Wind River Mountains. Also we predict the sedimentary pattern, and provenance of sediments of Tertiary units, from the unloaded basement geometry. Thus the inverse elastic flexural model can be used to assess the evolutionary processes involved in a basin under compressive thrusting.
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Chen, How Ji, Ming Der Yang, Wen Po Tsai, and Yung Hsuan Chang. "Mircobial Sediment Solidification." Applied Mechanics and Materials 117-119 (October 2011): 1014–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.117-119.1014.
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In recent years, the reservoir sediments have been a disturbance to Taiwan government, and are getting worse due to the climate change. Consequently, it becomes an urgent issue for the authority to dredge and dispose reservoir sludge effectively. Material researchers in civil engineering and environmental engineering, cooperating with microbiologists and geochemists, have recently attempted the solidification of sludge granules into sandstone-like materials employing microorganisms. The aim of this study is to investigate the approach to solidify sludge or soil particle rapidly to attain strength through the growth of bacteria and apply the technique in practical. In this research, we used Bacillus pasteurii in the solidification of reservoir sludge. The sludge used in the experiment has a moisture content of 40%. The change of bacteria broth culture concentration (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) and CaCl2 ratio in the culturing Urea-CaCl2 medium (10%, 30% and 70%) were used as the experimental variables. The culture broth was mixed directly with reservoir sludge to form a cubic specimen (50 mm x 50 mm x 50 mm), which was then used in compressive strength, XRD and SEM test. The test results showed that being cultured in 70%-CaCl2 medium, the specimen blended with 100% bacteria broth had the highest compressive strength. Compared with the blank samples (0% bacteria broth), the compressive strength was enhanced by approximately 13.48%. Also, it was suggested that the solidification by bacteria can indeed enhance the compressive strength of the cube. The sludge solidified with bacteria cultured in 70%-CaCl2 medium has the highest compressive strength. The result also showed that the higher the content of CaCl2 used in the culturing medium is, the more CaCO3 deposit is induced by the bacteria.
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Sharpe, David R. "Late Glacial landforms of Wollaston Peninsula, Victoria Island, Northwest Territories: product of ice-marginal retreat, surge, and mass stagnation." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 25, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): 262–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e88-029.
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An analysis of glacial landforms on a regional scale leads to an interpretation of the dynamics of Late Wisconsinan glaciation on Wollaston Peninsula, Victoria Island, Northwest Territories. The glacial record is dominated by four adjacent belts of landforms: (I) ground moraine (till plains and ice-marginal drainage features), (II) hummocky moraine, (III) lateral and shear moraine, and (IV) streamlined landforms. The landform belts are considered as representing four distinct glacial ice conditions or regimes: (1) ice-margin retreat during extending flow of thin, active ice; (2) marginal ice stagnation following compressional flow; (3) a surging ice margin producing massive shear moraines; and (4) large-scale flooding and mass ice stagnation following a surge. These landform belts were arranged in zones by topographically controlled glacial dynamics, the latter two defining a former ice stream.Glaciological inferences can be extended by examining the sediments and processes that produced each landform set. Ground-moraine sediments were produced mainly subglacially from melt out or lodgment of glacial debris. Hummocky moraine resulted from debris flow and meltwater deposition controlled by ice, from resedimentation by sediment gravity flow, and from slump. Compressional shearing stacked thick deposits of drift prior to resedimentation. Simple lateral or end moraines may comprise interbedded sediment gravity flows deposited at static ice margins. Deformed lateral moraines resulted from intense marginal compressive flow that sheared and stacked thick, coarse sediment ridges or plates. This lateral shearing may be attributed to streaming or large ice surges. Drumlin exposures showed undeformed, interbedded, stratified sediments that appear to have accumulated in a subglacial cavity; there is no deformation related to high subglacial stress. Subglacial meltwater floods may have followed glacier surge. The greatly extended and thinner ice mass produced by the surge melted in place as clean (debris-free) ice.
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Trakoolngam, Kritika, and Sarunya Promkotra. "Mechanical Behavior of Fired-Clay Bricks from Stream Sediments under Uniaxial Compressive Loading." Key Engineering Materials 690 (May 2016): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.690.252.
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In the northeast of Thailand, raw material for fired-clay brick is obtained from fine stream sediments in the lower Nam Phong and upper Chi River sub-watersheds. Hundreds of brickyards exist along the waterway producing rice husk ash (RHA) bricks for construction. Technical study on the production of these bricks is limited, therefore, detailed studies on mechanical and chemical properties will enhance the understanding of the production process in order for further improvement. In this study, a preliminary investigation of the brickyards and production process was conducted. Brick samples as well as raw sediment materials were collected from 6 randomly selected locations for laboratory testing on physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. A total of 300 brick specimens were collected being 50 specimens from each location. The brick dimensions are roughly 5×5×15 cm with an average weight of about 680 g. X-Ray Diffractometry show that the fired brick composition is approximately 90-98% quartz, 5-7% clay minerals, and less than 1% minor minerals. Mechanical behavior of the fired-clay bricks was evaluated by compressive loading of single brick units conducted under dry and submerged (with reverse osmosis water) conditions. The compressive strength of the brick unit is found to be proportional to its density with values in the range of about 0.4-1.2 MPa. Bricks with RHA to sediment ratio of 1:3 exhibit a higher average strength that that of other ratios.
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Sharp, Martin. "Sedimentation and Stratigraphy at Eyjabakkajökull—An Icelandic Surging Glacier." Quaternary Research 24, no. 3 (November 1985): 268–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(85)90050-x.
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A model for sedimentation by surging glaciers is developed from analysis of the debris load, sedimentary processes, and proglacial stratigraphy observed at the Icelandic surging glacier, Eyjabakkajökull. Three aspects of the behavior of surging glaciers explain the distinctive landformsediment associations which they may produce: (a) sudden loading of proglacial sediments during rapid glacier advances results in the buildup of excess pore pressures, failure, and glacitectonic deformation of the overridden sediments; (b) reactivation of stagnant marginal ice by the downglacier propagation of surges is associated with large longitudinal compressive stresses. These induce intense folding and thrusting during which basal debris-rich ice is elevated into an englacial position in a narrow marginal zone. As the terminal area of the glacier stagnates between surges, debris from this ice is released supraglacially and deposited by meltout and sediment flows; (c) local variations in overburden pressure beneath stagnant, crevassed ice cause subglacial lodgement tills, which are sheared during surges, to flow into open crevasses and form “crevasse-fill” ridges.
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Etzelmüller, B., J. O. Hagen, G. Vatne, R. S. Ødegård, and J. L. Sollid. "Glacier debris accumulation and sediment deformation influenced by permafrost: examples from Svalbard." Annals of Glaciology 22 (1996): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1996aog22-1-53-62.
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The formation of ice-cored moraines and push moraines is discussed in the light of glacier thermal regime and glacier dynamics. Data from two Svalbard valley glaciers, Erikbreen and Usherbreen are presented. On Erikbreen, fossil forms were investigated, while on Usherbreen a surge ending in 1985 caused the formation of new push-moraine ridges. The push moraines are considered as a soil-mechanical problem. In a theoretical discussion the stress transmitted by the glaciers to the proglacial sediments is estimated. On Usherbreen, the compressive flow results in deformation both in old front ridges and in undisturbed frozen sediment layers in the front sandur. Thus, folding, thrust faulting and overriding all occur. Deformation of proglacial sediments seems to be highly dependent on the mechanical properties of the sediments. The sediments are strongly influenced by permafrost conditions. The unfrozen water content in the sediments governs the deformability, which in turn is partly determined by pore-water salinity. The distribution of push moraines in Svalbard is therefore restricted to areas below the Holocene marine limit, and they occur most frequently in areas of sedimentary bedrock. This study concludes that push moraines and ice-cored moraines require permafrost conditions. Push-moraine ridges are not formed in direct contact with the glacier, so they are geomorphologically not moraines, but deformed permafrost sediments. A model for glacier debris sedimentation and deformation is outlined for Svalbard glaciers ending on land.
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Etzelmüller, B., J. O. Hagen, G. Vatne, R. S. Ødegård, and J. L. Sollid. "Glacier debris accumulation and sediment deformation influenced by permafrost: examples from Svalbard." Annals of Glaciology 22 (1996): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500015214.
Full textAbstract:
The formation of ice-cored moraines and push moraines is discussed in the light of glacier thermal regime and glacier dynamics. Data from two Svalbard valley glaciers, Erikbreen and Usherbreen are presented. On Erikbreen, fossil forms were investigated, while on Usherbreen a surge ending in 1985 caused the formation of new push-moraine ridges. The push moraines are considered as a soil-mechanical problem. In a theoretical discussion the stress transmitted by the glaciers to the proglacial sediments is estimated. On Usherbreen, the compressive flow results in deformation both in old front ridges and in undisturbed frozen sediment layers in the front sandur. Thus, folding, thrust faulting and overriding all occur. Deformation of proglacial sediments seems to be highly dependent on the mechanical properties of the sediments. The sediments are strongly influenced by permafrost conditions. The unfrozen water content in the sediments governs the deformability, which in turn is partly determined by pore-water salinity. The distribution of push moraines in Svalbard is therefore restricted to areas below the Holocene marine limit, and they occur most frequently in areas of sedimentary bedrock. This study concludes that push moraines and ice-cored moraines require permafrost conditions. Push-moraine ridges are not formed in direct contact with the glacier, so they are geomorphologically not moraines, but deformed permafrost sediments. A model for glacier debris sedimentation and deformation is outlined for Svalbard glaciers ending on land.
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Tréhu, Anne M., Bridget Hass, Alexander de Moor, Andrei Maksymowicz, Eduardo Contreras-Reyes, Emilio Vera, and Michael D. Tryon. "Geologic controls on up-dip and along-strike propagation of slip during subduction zone earthquakes from a high-resolution seismic reflection survey across the northern limit of slip during the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake, offshore Chile." Geosphere 15, no. 6 (November 7, 2019): 1751–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02099.1.
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Abstract A grid of closely spaced, high-resolution multichannel seismic (MCS) reflection profiles was acquired in May 2012 over the outer accretionary prism up dip from the patch of greatest slip during the 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake (offshore Chile) to complement a natural-source seismic experiment designed to monitor the post-earthquake response of the outer accretionary prism. We describe the MCS data and discuss the implications for the response of the accretionary prism during the earthquake and for the long-term evolution of the margin. The most notable observation from the seismic reflection survey is a rapid north-to-south shift over a short distance from nearly total frontal accretion of the trench sediments to nearly total underthrusting of undeformed trench sediments that occurs near the northern edge of slip in the 2010 earthquake. Integrating our structural observations with other geological and geophysical observations, we conclude that sediment subduction beneath a shallow décollement is associated with propagation of slip to the trench during great earthquakes in this region. The lack of resolvable compressive deformation in the trench sediment along this segment of the margin indicates that the plate boundary here is very weak, which allowed the outer prism to shift seaward during the earthquake, driven by large slip down dip. The abrupt shift from sediment subduction to frontal accretion indicates a stepdown in the plate boundary fault, similar to the stepovers that commonly arrest slip propagation in strike-slip faults. We do not detect any variation along strike in the thickness or reflective character of the trench sediments adjacent to the change in deformation front structure. This change, however, is correlated with variations in the morphology and structure of the accretionary prism that extend as far as 40 km landward of the deformation front. We speculate that forearc structural heterogeneity is the result of subduction of an anomalously shallow or rough portion of plate that interacted with and deformed the overlying plate and is now deeply buried. This study highlights need for three-dimensional structural images to understand the interaction between geology and slip during subduction zone earthquakes.
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Tran, Van Quan. "Compressive Strength Prediction of Stabilized Dredged Sediments Using Artificial Neural Network." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (March 20, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6656084.
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Stabilized dredged sediments are used as a backfilling material to reduce construction costs and a solution to environmental protection. Therefore, the compressive strength is an important criterion to determine the stabilized dredged sediments application such as road construction, building construction, and highway construction. Using the traditional method such as empirical approach and experimental methods, the determination of compressive strength of stabilized dredged sediments is difficult due to the complexity of this composite material. In this investigation, the artificial neural network (ANN) model is introduced to forecast the compressive strength. To perform the simulation, 51 experimental datasets were collected from the literature. The dataset consists of 4 input variables (water content, cement content, air foam content, and waste fishing net content) and output variable (compressive strength). Evaluation of the models was made and compared on training dataset (70% data) and testing dataset (30% remaining data) by the criteria of Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The results show that the ANN model can accurately predict the compressive strength of stabilized dredged sediments with low water content. The cement content is the most important input affecting the unconfined compressive strength. The important input affecting the unconfined compressive strength can be in the following order: cement content > air foam content > water content > waste fishing net.
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SCHOOF, CHRISTIAN. "Pressure-dependent viscosity and interfacial instability in coupled ice–sediment flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 570 (January 3, 2007): 227–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112006002874.
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We study an interfacial instability in the coupled flow of ice and subglacial sediment, both modelled as viscous media. Unlike other interfacial instabilities in coupled viscous flows at zero Reynolds number, the mechanism considered here does not rely on buoyancy or the effect of an upper free surface, but on the pressure-dependence of the sediment viscosity. Specifically, the instability relies on sediment rheology being such that, when sediment flows in simple shear, sediment flux increases with compressive normal stress at the ice–sediment interface when the velocity of the interface is kept constant. When ice moves over a shallow bump in the interface, it generates a higher compressive stress on the bump's upstream side than in its lee. If in addition the effective sediment viscosity is low compared with that of ice, interfacial velocity remains approximately constant, and this then implies that more sediment flows into the bump than out of it, causing it to grow. Modelling ice as a Newtonian material, we show that this mechanism works for a wide range of sediment rheologies, including the highly nonlinear shear-thinning ones typically thought most appropriate for the description of ‘nearly plastic’ sediment. The instabilities predicted are essentially two-dimensional, with infinite transverse wavelength, and a nonlinear model shows that growth is unbounded until cavitation occurs in the lee of evolving bumps on the interface. The instability mechanism does not seem to predict the formation of common glacial landforms, but may explain the formation of water-filled cavities on deformable glacier beds.
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Thongtha, Atthakorn, Somchai Maneewan, Chantana Punlek, and Yothin Ungkoon. "Application Using Sugar Sediment to Enhance Mechanical Properties of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete." Applied Mechanics and Materials 459 (October 2013): 664–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.459.664.
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The effect of fine sand replacement by the sugar sediment (0, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50 weight %) on the physical and mechanical properties was studied in this work. The physical and mechanical properties of AAC with various contents of sugar sediment were focused on the density, the humidity, the water absorption, the open porosity volume, the compressive strength and the flexural strength. The average density, humidity, water absorption, volume of open porosity, compressive strength and flexural strength of all compositions had the value in the range of 0.57-0.61 g/cm3, 23.0-26.7 %, 0.38-0.40 g/cm3, 259-287 cm3, 4.4-5.9 N/mm2and 1.03-1.82 N/mm2, respectively. The maximum compressive strength and flexural strength were found from the AAC sample with the sugar sediment content of 30%, which were 5.9 N/mm2and 18.14 N/mm2. Moreover, these samples also exhibited the density (0.60 g/cm3), the humidity (23.6%), the water absorption (0.39 g/cm3) and the volume of open porosity (272 cm3) were claimed in quality class of 4. The specimens of AAC with the sugar sediment content of 0-40% were claimed in quality class of 4, which based on the Thai Industrial Standard 1505-1998.
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Toha, Franciscus Xaverius. "Post Preloading Creep Properties of Highly Compressible Harbor Marine Sediments." Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences 49, no. 2 (July 31, 2017): 163–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2017.49.2.1.
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Mohammed, Bashar S., Ean Lee Woen, M. A. Malek, Wong Leong Sing, Nor Aishah Abbas, Hanafi Yusop, Rahsidi Sabri Muda, Mustafa Hashim, and Usoff Yong. "Development of Sediment Brick Utilizing Reservoir Sediment and Fly Ash." Applied Mechanics and Materials 420 (September 2013): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.420.276.
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Electrical companies generate electricity mainly from two major types of plant; hydroelectric plants and thermal plants. Hydroelectric is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water through dams operation. The sedimentation of such dams over years will cause large capacity losses of the dams. Thermal plants generate electricity through coal-fired power plants which produce millions tons of fly ash yearly. This fly ash accumulates rapidly and causes enormous problems of disposal. Therefore, the research work presented in this paper is dealing with utilizing reservoir sediment and fly as to form brick under pressure. Sediment brick can be produced as a load bearing brick with compressive strength is greater than 7 N/mm2.
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Ma, Liang, Xiao Mei Li, and Rui Juan Zhang. "Experimental Research on Solidifying Sediment in Irrigation Districts along the Lower Yellow River." Advanced Materials Research 598 (November 2012): 585–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.598.585.
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Based on the analysis of physical characteristics about the desilting sediment diverted from the Yellow River in irrigation districts, the solidified sediment product was successfully manufactured. In the research, it was found that the cement dosage as one of the mixed curing agent had obvious influence on the properties of solidified sediment product. As the compressive strength, impermeability and frost-resistanceproducts of the product meet the requirement of moderate water conservancy engineering, it was successfully applied in the Sanfengan Canal lining and the Yanglanhe Reservoir wave wall construction, which set a good example for the future comprehensive sediment utilization in irrigation districts.
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ISAEV, Veniamin I., Andrey V. MALTSEV, and Andrey A. KARPOV. "RESEARCH OF THE “FLOATING” BASE METHOD FOR SEDIMENTATION ON THE MODEL OF THE FOUNDATION PLATE." Urban construction and architecture 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2020): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2020.01.2.
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In the article, the authors propose the application of a one-dimensional problem of the theory of compression compaction of soils for the calculation of sediments of Foundation slabs of large area. The authors analyzed the existing methods for determining the depth of the compressible thickness. The author suggests an original technique to determine the depth of compressible strata and settling of the Foundation. A test bench (tray) was developed and a laboratory test was performed. The results of an experimental study of the depth of compressible thickness under slab foundations are presented. The analysis of experimental data is made. The method of calculation of compressible thickness depth, previously proposed by the authors, is confirmed.
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Berres, Stefan, and Raimund Bürger. "On gravity and centrifugal settling of polydisperse suspensions forming compressible sediments." International Journal of Solids and Structures 40, no. 19 (September 2003): 4965–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7683(03)00249-x.
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Tao, Gui Lan, Xiao Lin Shi, Chao Hua Jiang, Xing Guo Feng, and Liang Shu. "Experimental Study of Dredged Sediment Sample Analysis and Solidification in Waterway Regulation Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 638-640 (September 2014): 1252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.638-640.1252.
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How to treat dredged sediment is one of the main environmental problems and the recycling technique is the best way to deal with this problem. This paper deals with the feasibility of beach protection project alternative materials-dredged sand, applies cement and addition to solidify it. The components of dredged sediment and the physical properties were analyzed. Specimens with a designed mix ratio of the cement and dredged sediment were made by means of instant formation. The specimens were cured under standard condition and room temperature. The unconfined compressive strength of specimens were measured after curing for 7, 14 and 28 days. Using solidified dredged sediment as construction material has advantages of technology, economy and environment protection.
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Wang, Dong Xing, Rachid Zentar, and Nor Edine Abriak. "Strength and Swelling Properties of Solidified Dredged Materials." Advanced Materials Research 261-263 (May 2011): 812–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.261-263.812.
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In the context of sustainable development, traditional approaches such as ocean dumping and inland deposit are unsatisfactory for managing such large quantity of dredged marine sediments. The solidified sediments with cement as a new material for road construction are preferred to resolve the present issue for minimizing the impact to environment. Based on the basal characterization of dredged sediments, a series of tests, such as compaction tests, compressive strength and tensile strength tests and swell tests, are performed to explore the engineering properties of treated materials. The compressive and tensile strengths increase with cement content and curing time, while the swell percents of sediments decrease after immersion in water for 4 days. And this treatment method could be considered adaptive and acceptable for the road construction from the point of view of swelling property. Finally, the I-CBR index of cement-treated sediments increases due to the flocculation and cementation compared to the I-CBR index before immersion.
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Poorahong, Hatairat, Nunthanis Wongvatana, Pitthaya Jamsawang, Kamolwan Lueprasert, Kullachai Tantayopin, and Xiao Bin Chen. "Unconfined Compressive and Splitting Tensile Strength of Dredged Sediments Stabilized with Cement and Fly Ash." Key Engineering Materials 856 (August 2020): 367–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.856.367.
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The main objective of this study is to investigate the mechanical properties of dredged sediments, which are considered as waste from the process of removing sediments from the bottom of a dam's reservoir. The dredged sediments with stabilization can to be reused as construction and building materials in civil engineering works. The mechanical tests included unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and splitting tensile strength (STS) to understand the behavior of the dredged sediments stabilized with ordinary portland cement (OPC) type I and fly ash (FA). The overall test results indicated that OPC type I and FA were effective in stabilizing the sampled dredged sediments from two dams in northern Thailand. The stabilization with 10% FA content was found to be most effective for improving mechanical properties of the stabilized samples.
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Shilts, W. W., M. Rappol, and A. Blais. "Evidence of late and postglacial seismic activity in the Témiscouata–Madawaska Valley, Quebec – New Brunswick, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 5 (May 1, 1992): 1043–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-085.
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Three types of geological phenomena independently suggest that the Témiscouata–Madawaska Valley was affected by one or more seismic events following its deglaciation:(1) Subbottom acoustic profiling of Lac Témiscouata and Grand lac Squatec revealed disturbance of bottom sediments by mass transport processes in both lakes. Erosional truncation of preexisting, acoustically laminated sediments and accumulation of hummocky, chaotic deposits over older hummocky surfaces or laminated sequences both result from mass transport processes. Unidirectional mass flows from several points in these symmetrical basins, in situ disruption of laminated sediment beneath flat bottoms, and the large area of the lake floors affected suggest strong similarities in sedimentation style with lakes that have been disturbed during strong earthquakes.(2) Southeast of Lac Témiscouata, in Saint-Jacques, New Brunswick, two separate mass flow deposits, made up largely of coarse (> 0.5 m), angular boulders of local bedrock, occur on opposite sides of the Madawaska River valley. These deposits have different source areas and transport directions, but occupy more or less the same stratigraphic position within sediments deposited in glacial Lake Madawaska.(3) At one site in Saint-Jacques, a near-vertical fault displaces a glacially striated bedrock surface at least 7 cm, suggesting a response to postglacial compressive stress similar to that observed on outcrops in the nearby epicentral region of the 1982 Miramichi earthquake.Although the Témiscouata–Madawaska Valley lacks historical evidence of seismic activity, and many of the phenomena observed could, individually, have been generated by aseismic processes, we conclude that the close proximity of diverse features related to mass transport and faulting suggest that the valley has been the locus of seismic activity from the time of its deglaciation to the recent, but prehistorical, past.
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Koś, Karolina, and Eugeniusz Zawisza. "Stabilization of bottom sediments from Rzeszowski Reservoir." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Land Reclamation 47, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sggw-2015-0019.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The paper presents results of stabilization of bottom sediments from Rzeszowski Reservoir. Based on the geotechnical characteristics of the tested sediments it was stated they do not fulfill all the criteria set for soils in earth embankments. Therefore, an attempt to improve their parameters was made by using two additives – cement and lime. An unconfined compressive strength, shear strength, bearing ratio and pH reaction were determined on samples after different time of curing. Based on the carried out tests it was stated that the obtained values of unconfined compressive strength of sediments stabilized with cement were relatively low and they did not fulfill the requirements set by the Polish standard, which concerns materials in road engineering. In case of lime stabilization it was stated that the tested sediments with 6% addition of the additive can be used for the bottom layers of the improved road base.
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Ma, Wen-Bo, Qiu-Hua Rao, Feng Xu, and Kang Feng. "Impact Compressive Creep Characteristics of Simulative Soil for Deep-Sea Sediment." Marine Georesources & Geotechnology 34, no. 4 (May 8, 2015): 356–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1064119x.2014.1003160.
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