Relevant bibliographies by topics / Compressed air cannon

Academic literature on the topic 'Compressed air cannon'

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Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Compressed air cannon"

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Taylor, Brett. "Recoil Experiments Using a Compressed Air Cannon." Physics Teacher 44, no. 9 (December 2006): 582–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2396775.

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Rohrbach, Z. J., T. R. Buresh, and M. J. Madsen. "Modeling the exit velocity of a compressed air cannon." American Journal of Physics 80, no. 1 (January 2012): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.3644253.

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Duan, Zhengyong, Tianhong Luo, and Dayong Tang. "Potential Analysis of High-g Shock Experiment Technology for Heavy Specimens Based on Air Cannon." Shock and Vibration 2020 (November 26, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5439785.

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According to the technical requirements of harsh shock environment test, this paper presents the study on the pneumatic vertical test technology with large load and high-g value. The inspiration of this paper comes from the fact that a compressed air cannon can produce instantaneous and powerful air jets that can be used to drive the tested object to achieve a high initial collision velocity. Then, the principle of shock test technology based on an air cannon and an impact cylinder was put forward, and the idea gas mechanics model was established to theoretically analyze the laws that how the parameters of the air cannon and cylinder influence the initial impact velocities. The test system was built, and the test research was carried out. When the air cannon pressure is 0.5 MPa and 0.65 MPa, respectively, under no-load, the impact acceleration measured is 1990 g (pulse width, 1.26 ms) (1g = 9.8 m/s2) and 4429 g (pulse width, 1.20 ms). It preliminarily validated the effectiveness and feasibility.
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Capanna, R., and P. M. Bardet. "High Speed PIV and Shadowgraphy Measurements in Water Hammer." Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Application of Laser and Imaging Techniques to Fluid Mechanics 20 (July 11, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.55037/lxlaser.20th.170.

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An experimental study addressing the challenge to measure relaxation coefficient of very fast phenomena such as water hammers is presented. A titanium projectile containing a sapphire tube containing water is accelerated and impacts a metal wall creating a water hammer. A compressed air custom built cannon is used to accelerate the projectile and create the impact leading to the water hammer. The sapphire tube, being transparent to green and UV light allows the deployment of non intrusive laser based diagnostic techniques such as Particle Image Velocimetry, Shadowgraphy, and Fiber Optic Hydrophone pressure measurements. These laser based techniques will be deployed at a very high repetition rate (>100 kHZ) to measure the relaxation coefficients between gas and water phase. First experimental results for Shadowgraphy and PIV measurements are presented. The propagation speed of shock wave in the projectile has been estimated from shadowgraphy measurements and matched the theoretical calculation. Discussion on the future development for the presented facility concludes this paper.
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Yang, Xiaoguang, Jianjun Dang, Peng Wang, Yadong Wang, Yingjun Han, Cheng Chen, and Deying Li. "Experimental research on influence of wave environment on high-speed water entry load and trajectory characteristics." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 39, no. 6 (December 2021): 1259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20213961259.

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Wave environment is a common fact happened when objects enter water under real conditions, which changes the morphology of the free interface when entering water. However, the influence of wave environment on the flow when entering water and on the evolution of object motion parameters after entering water is not clear. In this research, a rocking plate wave maker is used to generate a wave environment in the test pool, and a truncated cone rotating body equipped with an internal test system is used as the test model. The compressed air cannon is used to provide launch power, and the launch control system uniformly controls the start timing process of the wave maker and the launcher. The wave maker and the launcher will control the relative position of the object's entry point and the wave surface in collaboration. Various condition tests were carried out, including enter in static water, different wave surface positions and different wave heights. Quantitative trajectory parameters including the acceleration, and attitude angle of the model in the water-entry process were obtained, and the evolution of the flow field was photographed. The experimental results show that under high-speed conditions, the influence of waves on the water-entry process is mainly reflected in the change of the water entry angle relative to the water surface at the water-entry moment. The wave surface encountering negative inclination can effectively reduce the impact load of water entry, but it is more likely to induce the extreme situation such as "jumping".
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Madavha, Muster Thivhileli, and Mohamed-Tariq Kahn. "Design and Analysis of a Micro-Hydro Distributed Power System." International Journal of Engineering Research in Electrical and Electronics Engineering 9, no. 9 (September 13, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ijereee/09.09.a001.

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The purpose of this study is to improve the standard way of producing electricity in a hydropower plant through the introduction of a more effective method. The aim of installing this Micro-hydro Distributed Power System is to achieve greater results in comparison to those attained with a standard micro-hydro power plant, without depending upon rainfall but upon two stored natural resources, air and water. This air supply will come from solar compressors and the water will be drawn from existing dams or runoff from rivers into storage tanks, which will generate electricity throughout the year at the same rate as the existing micro-hydropower that depends upon rainfall. The Micro-hydro Distributed Power System is a working pressure hydropower plant that generates electricity by compressing fluid into the system, using compressed air and is designed and analyzed in CAD design software and results are calculated to ensure the design is sufficiently durable to withstand the pressure, since the entire power system is dependent upon working pressure and how the power is generated using two major renewable sources, water and air. The Micro-hydro Distributed Power System’s working principle has been adapted from hydropower plants, the system converts H-Head(m) into pressure which is then used in the formula in (P=ρgh) to determine the power of the system. Theoretically, the findings of this study prove that the power to be generated, based upon the calculations, is much higher than expected before commencing the research, the power input needed for the Micro-hydro Distributed Power System based upon the compressor system’s rated power is 11KW to produce the 13 bars of pressure needed to compress fluid for maximum power output. At 13 bars the compressor system is found to be producing 398.3MW of power but at a high rate of flow of water which is found to be 391.907 L/s. A major advantage of the Micro-hydro Distributed Power System is that this water is pumped back into the tank from which it is re-used over and over again. This system depends entirely upon compressed air which is used to compress fluid through pipes, without this compressed air the water does not flow and cannot be pumped back into the system
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Dobrotvorskiy, Sergey, Ludmila Dobrovolska, Yevheniia Basova, and Borys Aleksenko. "PARTICULARS OF ADSORBENT REGENERATION WITH THE USE OF MICROWAVE ENERGY." Acta Polytechnica 59, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 12–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2019.59.0012.

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Energy conservation issues are acute in the world. Compressed air is widely used in the modern industrial production. The production of compressed air is a very energy-intensive process, since most of the energy, which is expended by the compressor, passes into the energy of heating. Compressed air cannot be used in modern production without a prior drying and cleaning. Industrial dryer’s air losses is up to 20% of compressed air additionally. Therefore, the issue of saving air during its drying stage is important. In the presented article, the thermal and aerodynamic processes that occur in the classical adsorption tower with the most modern design are considered. The processes that occur in the adsorption column with the microwave regeneration of the adsorbent are also considered. A comparative analysis of these constructions from the point of view of energy saving is made.
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Ren, Xu, Cai, Wang, and Li. "Experiments on Air Compression with an Isothermal Piston for Energy Storage." Energies 12, no. 19 (September 29, 2019): 3730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12193730.

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Air is usually compressed adiabatically in the compressor. As the operating speed of compressors can be several thousand rpm, heat generated during compression cannot be sufficiently transmitted to the environment in such a short time. It is for this reason that compressor efficiency is limited. Isothermal compression could be an alternative choice applied on industrial compressor and compressed air energy storage (CAES). This paper proposed a new kind of piston to perform isothermal compression. Surface area of such isothermal piston structure is larger. A certain amount of fluid at the chamber bottom absorbs the heat from the isothermal piston. Heat transfer between piston and fluid during compression is investigated. Air pressure is measured to validate the effectiveness of this proposed piston structure in heat transfer. Compression work of the proposed isothermal piston and conventional one is compared. One issue of this comparison is that air-liquid dissolution can affect the pressure and compression work. The influence of dissolution is quantified with Henry’s Law. Quantitative analysis is performed to determine that heat transfer is the dominant factor affecting the pressure and compression work. Some simple experiments are described in this paper, which shed light on that heat transfer could be significantly improved adopting this proposed isothermal piston.
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Naufal Annafi, Muhammad, Asman Ala, and Jarot Delta Susanto. "Optimizing Air Compressor Productivity in Supporting Operational Activities on The Mt Ship. Gamalam." International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary 2, no. 2 (September 14, 2023): 608–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.38035/ijam.v2i2.304.

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Air compressors are auxiliary machines on board that can produce high pressure air. This research was conducted because the productivity of the air compressor was less than optimal, causing air production and the performance of the air compressor to be less than optimal and disrupting operational activities on the ship. The impact that occurs when air production is reduced in the air compressor, the ship cannot operate according to the contract specified by the company, because the initial start of the main engine or main engine on board requires compressed air. Many factors can cause reduced production of air produced by air compressors, including the lack of performance of the suction valve and exhaust valve on the high pressure section which causes less maximum or longer time for filling air into the air bottle, low flow of the lubrication system on the piston which causes no compression to produce air. This research was carried out with the aim of identifying and analyzing the causes of the lack of performance of the suction and exhaust valves on high pressure sections and low flow of the piston lubrication system which results in less optimal performance of the air compressor when filling into air bottles. The method used in this study uses a qualitative descriptive method using primary and secondary data collection approaches and techniques. The lack of performance of the inlet and exhaust valves can be corrected by cleaning the carbon deposits on the valves and leveling the valve surfaces. The low flow of the lubrication system on the piston can be done by checking the lubricating oil pump, cleaning the lubricating oil filter, changing the lubricating oil periodically according to the instruction manual book, and adding lubricating oil according to the specifications of the air compressor.
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Dierolf, Christian, and Alexander Sauer. "Automatisierte KI-basierte Leckage-Erkennung/Automated AI-based leak detection." wt Werkstattstechnik online 111, no. 03 (2021): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37544/1436-4980-2021-03-60.

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Obwohl Druckluftleckagen jährlich hohe Kosten verursachen, ist deren automatisierte und aufwandsarme Erkennung immer noch nicht möglich. In diesem Beitrag wird das Konzept einer automatisierten KI-basierten Leckage-Erkennung vorgestellt und auf einen Druckluft-Labordemonstrator angewendet. Erste Validierungen der Vorgehensweise zeigen, welche Potenziale und Herausforderungen sich für das Leckage-Management an Druckluftmaschinen ergeben.   Though incurring substantial costs every year, compressed air leakages still cannot be detected automatically and without much effort. This paper presents a method for an automated AI-based leak detection system, which is applied to a compressed air laboratory demonstrator. First validations of the approach show what potential and challenges there are in the leakage management of compressed air machines.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Compressed air cannon"

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Soufri, Ayoub. "Multi-impact behavior of composite structures : experimental and numerical approach." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UBFCK038.

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Les matériaux composites sont largement utilisés dans le domaine des transports en raison de leurs propriétés mécaniques spécifiques élevées. Cependant, au cours de leur cycle de vie, ils peuvent subir une dégradation significative de leurs propriétés mécaniques lorsqu'ils sont soumis à des chargements d'impacts. Les dommages induits par des impacts se manifestent sous différentes formes telles que la rupture des fibres, la fissuration matricielle, la décohésion fibres/matrice et le délaminage. L'étude du comportement aux impacts des structures composites a suscité une attention importante dans la littérature. Cependant, ces études se rapportent généralement au cas d'un seul impact ou d'impacts répétés. Peu de travaux se sont intéressés au cas d'impacts multiples, même s'ils sont plus proches des conditions réelles de service, comme dans les cas de chute de grêlons ou de projection d'objets externes tels que les gravillons présents sur les routes, les impacts d'oiseaux, etc. Dans cette thèse, nous présentons des méthodes expérimentales et numériques robustes pour le suivi in-situ et post-mortem des endommagements suite aux différents cas d'impacts possibles : mono-impact, impacts répétés, séquentiels, simultanés, etc. Ce travail a consisté dans un premier temps à développer un banc d'essai unique « canon à air comprimé ». Ensuite, un dialogue (essais expérimentaux-calculs numériques) a été assuré afin de mieux comprendre les phénomènes en jeu dans les cas de multi-impacts, pour finalement atteindre les performances maximales des matériaux composites
Composite materials are widely used in the transportation field due to their high specific mechanical properties. However, during their life cycle, they can undergo significant degradation of their mechanical properties when subjected to impact loading. Impact-induced damage occurs in various forms, such as fiber breakage, matrix cracking, fiber/matrix decohesion and delamination. The study of the impact behavior of composite structures has attracted considerable attention in the literature. However, these studies generally relate to the case of a single impact or repeated impacts. Few studies have focused on the case of multiple impacts, even though these are closer to actual service conditions, as in the case of falling hailstones or the projection of external objects such as road gravels, bird strikes, etc. In this thesis, we present robust experimental and numerical methods for in-situ and post-mortem monitoring of damage following the various possible impact cases: single-impact, repeated, sequential, simultaneous impacts, etc. The first phase of the project involved the development of a unique "compressed air cannon" test bench. Then, a dialogue (experimental tests-numerical computations) was ensured to better understand the phenomena involved in multi-impact cases, to finally reach the maximum performance of composite materials
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Book chapters on the topic "Compressed air cannon"

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O. Banjo, Solomon, Bukola O. Bolaji, Oluseyi O. Ajayi, and Olatunde A. Oyelaran. "Impact of Working Fluids and Performance of Isobutane in the Refrigeration System." In Low-Temperature Technologies and Applications. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99121.

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The effect of heat transfer medium (HTM) on the environment is associated with ozone layer depletion and global warming. The role of HTM (working fluid) in the heating and air conditioning industries is paramount, which cannot be underestimated. The conventional refrigerant has been predominantly used over decades due to their thermodynamic properties. However, hydrocarbon refrigerants such as isobutane are considered substitutes because they have negligible global warming potential and zero ozone depletion. That makes it eco-friendly among other existing refrigerants. The investigation of the refrigeration system’s performance characteristics required consideration for the coefficient of performance, refrigerating effect, and the compressor work; this enables the determination of the system’s efficiency without any assumption. Another factor that suggests a better absorption of refrigerant (working fluid) into a refrigeration system is an increase in the coefficient of performance (COP). The effect will cause a reduction in the rate of energy consumption by the compressor. The result shows that the system’s coefficient of performance when using R600a was 27.1% higher than when working with R134a, with an energy reduction of 23.3%.
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West, Elliott. "Eeikish Pah and Return." In The Last Indian War, 301–14. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195136753.003.0018.

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Abstract Indian Territory wasn’t so bad, commissioner of Indian affairs E. A. Hayt wrote. The temperature there differed only slightly from that in Idaho. While maybe true according to an annual mean, on the basis of human experience the claim was astounding. The summer heat in what is today eastern Oklahoma is relentless, and the low altitude, about eight hundred feet, and high humidity keep the nights close and uncomfortable. For people acclimated to the high, dry air of the Wallowa valley and the Salmon River country, it must have seemed like living compressed in a warm, wet sponge. Winters, too, can be brutal there. Arctic fronts barrel down with snow, sleet, and freezing rain, and as on all the Great Plains, there is little to slow down the punch, certainly nothing like the mountain walls and protective canyons of the Nez Perces’ homeland.
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"coating layer itself, an d at the interface between the coating and the substrate, causes instant fracturing and separation of coating material from the surface. In general, if a coating or contaminant is CHEMICALLY bonded to a surface, dry ice particle blasting will NOT effectively remove the coating. If the bond is PHYSICAL o r MECHANICAL in nature, such as a coating of rubber residue which is "anchored" into the porous surface of an aluminum casting, then there is a good chance that dr y ice blasting will work. Contaminants which are etched, or stained into the surfaces of metals, ceramics, plastics, or other materials typically cannot be removed with dry ice blasting. If the surface of the substrate is extremely porous or rough, providing strong mechanical "anchoring" for the contaminant or coating, dr y ice blasting may not be able to remove all of the coating, or the rate of removal may be too slow to allow dry ice blasting to be cost effective. The classic example of a contaminant that does NOT respond to dry ice blast-ing is RUST. Rust is both chemically and strongly mechanically bonded to steel substrate. Advanced stages of rust must be "chiseled" away with abrasive sand blasting. Only the thin film of powderized "flash" rust on a fresh steel surface can be effectively removed with dry ice blasting. 4.2.1.1. Inductio n (venturi) and direct acceleration blast systems - the effect of the typ e of system on available kinetic energy In a two-hose induction (venturi) carbon dioxide blastin g system, the medium particles are moved from the hopper to the "gun" chamber by suction, where they drop to a very low velocity before being induced into the outflow of the nozzle by a large flow volume of compressed air. Some more advanced two-hose systems employ a small positive pressure to the pellet delivery hose. In any type of two-hose system, since the blast medium particles have only a short distance in which to gain momentum and accelerate to the nozzle exit (usually only 200 to 300 mm), the final particle average velocity is limited to between 60 and 120 meters per second. So, in general, two-hose systems, although not so costly, are limited in their ability to deliver contaminant removal kinetic energy to the surface to be cleaned. When more blasting energy is required, these systems must be "boosted" a t the expense of much more air volume required, and higher blast pressure is re-quired as well, with much more nozzle back thrust, and very much more blast noise generated at the nozzle exit plane. The other type of solid carbon dioxide medium blasting system is like the "pressurized pot" abrasive blasting system common in the sand blasting and Plas-ti c Media Blasting industries. These systems use a single delivery hose from the hopper to the "nozzle" applicator in which both the medium particles and the compressed air travel. These systems are more complex and a little more costly than the inductive two-hose systems, but the advantages gained greatly outweigh the extra initial expense. In a single-hose solid carbon dioxide particle blasting system, sometimes referred to as a "direct acceleration " system, the medium is introduced from the hopper into a single, pre-pressurized blast hose through a sealed airlock feeder. The particles begin their acceleration and velocity increase." In Surface Contamination and Cleaning, 162–63. CRC Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9789047403289-25.

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Conference papers on the topic "Compressed air cannon"

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Bardet, P., and R. Capanna. "Compressed Air Cannon for Relaxation Coefficient Measurements in Water Hammer." In Tranactions - 2019 Winter Meeting. AMNS, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/t31151.

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Liu, Deyi, Sixing Zha, Jian Wu, Yong Cao, and Zilong Wang. "Application of Risk-Informed Approach in Emergency Compressor Emergency Backup Function Test." In 2022 29th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone29-91480.

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Abstract The emergency compressed air production system is a part of the compressed air production system of the nuclear power plant. Its function is to provide the necessary compressed air to the nuclear island when the main air compressor fails and cannot provide compressed air. Each unit of the nuclear power plant has two emergency air compressors to provide backup air source for the compressed air distribution system for instrumentation. Under normal working conditions, one emergency air compressor is in the basic load state and the other is in the standby state. The two emergency air compressors will automatically start according to the degree of pressure drop of the compressed air production system. The purpose of the emergency backup function of the emergency air compressor is to verify that the two air compressors will start up as the system pressure drops in different states, and to verify the operating parameters of the two emergency air compressors. The test period is one week. Periodic testing is an important activity for nuclear power plants to ensure the availability of equipment that performs important functions. However, periodic testing exceeding a certain frequency may reduce the safety of the power plant and increase the unnecessary burden of the power plant. At present, PSA has been widely used in nuclear power plant operation guidance, maintenance rules and many other fields, PSA has developed into an important tool for safety assessment and decision-making. With the development of PSA technology, the risk-oriented model combining probability theory and determinism has also been applied in the optimization of the periodic test cycle of nuclear power plants, so that the resource allocation of power plants can be optimized under the premise of ensuring sufficient safety of nuclear power plants. Improve regulatory and operational efficiency. This paper will take the emergency compressed air production system of Fangjiashan Nuclear Power Plant (FSJ NPP) as an example to introduce the application method of the risk-oriented periodic test optimization method.
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Zhang, Huisheng, Dengji Zhou, Di Huang, and Xinhui Wang. "Performance Analysis of a Compressed Humid Air Energy Storage System." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36366.

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With the growing need for the use of electricity, power plants sometimes cannot generate enough power during the high demand periods. Thus various methods are introduced to solve this situation. Compressed air energy storage (CAES) technology seems to be a good solution to both peaking power demand and intermittent energy utilization transformed from renewable energy source like wind energy. Utilization of heat generated from the air compression process is a crucial problem of this technology. A compressed air energy storage system, with humid air as working fluid, is designed in this paper. In this system, heat of compressing air is transformed to the latent heat of water vapour, decreasing the power consumption of compressor and increasing energy generated per volume of storage. A Compressed Humid Air Energy Storage (CHAES) system model is established in this paper to simulate the performance of this system. Then the performance of this new system is evaluated by comparison to conventional CAES system, based on the simulation result. The result of this paper confirm the growing interest to CAES as a solution to peaking power demand and intermittent energy utilization, and indicates that CHAES system, as a great improvement of CAES system, has huge potential in the future.
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Teisanu, Florin, Constantin Chelan, Marinela Butoi, Marcel Nicola, Claudiu-Ionel Nicola, Daniela Iovan, Alin Neagoe, and Cristian Constantinescu. "Predictive Method for Determining the Operating Condition of Big-Blaster Air Cannons Using Automatic Classification of Critical Discharge of Compressed Air." In 2022 International Conference and Exposition on Electrical And Power Engineering (EPE). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/epe56121.2022.9959832.

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Fischer, August C., Hans Ulrich Frutschi, and Hermann Haselbacher. "Augmentation of Gas Turbine Power Output by Steam Injection." In ASME Turbo Expo 2001: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-gt-0107.

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Steam injection into the combustion chambers of gas turbines (GT) increases their power output. Additionally, the thermal efficiency can be raised, if steam is generated by exhaust heat. The types of steam injected gas turbines (STIG) are distinguished according to the kind of limit to the amount of steam that can be injected. A gas turbine is called partial STIG, if it cannot utilize the total amount of steam that could be generated by the gas turbine exhaust heat. The limit is given by the flow capacity of the turbine. If, on the other hand, the gas turbine is sized such that the entire amount of steam producible can be utilized, it is called full STIG. Three different partial STIG cooling models were selected to analyze the power output, the efficiency and the impact on two important components. Since the differences in the results for the three cycles are marginal, the following conclusion can be briefly summarized: Compressor surge turned out to be the strongest limit for overloading the gas turbine. At the point of maximum overload — where safe operation is still guaranteed — the steam mass flow amounts to one tenth of the nominal compressor air mass flow. At this operating point, the power output can be raised by more than 30% with a simultaneous increase in efficiency. Based on the gas turbine configurations used for the partial STIGs, the preliminary designs of two full STIG cycles have been developed. However, for full STIG operation by injection of the total amount of steam producible, either the compressor or the turbines of the original gas turbine have to be modified. In this case, the steam flow exceeding that required for cooling has to be injected into the compressed air in front of the combustor. Depending on whether the compressor is scaled down or the turbines are scaled up, the power output of full STIGs is 30 to 135% higher than that of the original gas turbine. The gross thermal efficiency is about 50.5.%.
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di Mare, Luca, Mehmet Imregun, and Jeffrey S. Green. "Effect of Real Geometry on Compressor Performance Predictions." In ASME Turbo Expo 2009: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59824.

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This paper describes a computational study into the effects of casing distortions, caused by thermal and mechanical loads, on the performance of HP compressors. The unsteady flow solver is 3D, time-accurate and the CFD mesh can move to accommodate moving boundaries. Taking advantage of this feature, the deformed casing geometry is represented, in a novel fashion, as a radial nodal diameter wave in the rotating frame of reference, travelling at the speed of the shaft, but in the opposite direction. Such a model, where the casing rotates and the rotor is stationary, allows a genuinely-unsteady representation of the flow features for non-uniformly distributed tip gaps and does not rely on a quasi-steady assumption. The study shows that different bladerows are affected differently for similar casing deformations, the front bladerows showing a smaller overall effect, as well as smaller sensitivity, to pressure ratio. It is also shown that the worst performing rotor blade is not that associated with the largest tip gap because of a delay which arises from the finite time needed for the flow conditions near the casing to adjust to the changes in tip gap size and due to the additional time needed for perturbations generated near midchord to travel upstream and downstream. The findings indicate that the net efficiency deficit cannot be inferred from the study of simpler configurations with all blades having the same large (or small) tip gap. It is shown that bladerows are affected to varying extents and that the bladerow performance is related to the hade of the annulus.
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Zhang, Hongwu, Xiangyang Deng, Feng Lin, Jingyi Chen, and Weiguang Huang. "A Study on the Mechanism of Tip Leakage Flow Unsteadiness in an Isolated Compressor Rotor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-91123.

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A numerical study of unsteady tip leakage flow in an isolated axial compressor rotor is presented, aiming at clarifying the originating flow mechanism of this unsteady phenomenon. First, CFD simulations utilizing a three-dimensional, time-accurate, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver demonstrates that the tip leakage flow pattern, which manifests itself as an interacting cross- and through-flow in the tip region, can become periodically oscillatory in a range of operating conditions. A flow mechanism is then clarified to explain this unsteady flow phenomenon at its onset that this periodic flow oscillation is a result of dynamic balance, as opposed to static balance, between two counter-acting driving “forces”. One such “force” is the aerodynamic loading of the blades, i.e. the pressure difference across the pressure and suction sides of the compressor blades created by the main through flow. Its counter-acting “force” is the unloading of the blades, i.e. the reduction of the pressure difference caused by the tip leakage cross flow that originates from the pressure side, rushes into the suction side through the tip clearance. At operating conditions in which both “forces” are strong and in the same order, their static balance will be broken. While a larger blade loading creates a stronger tip leakage flow, the tip leakage flow tends to diminish itself because its accompanying effect is to unload the blade. Since the weaker tip leakage flow cannot overcome the ability of the main through flow to recover the original aerodynamic loading for the blade, the whole process restarts and periodically oscillatory tip leakage flow forms. Furthermore, a dimensionless analysis shows that the onset of the observed unsteadiness is conditioned by the tip leakage flow, which can or cannot reach the neighboring blade before mixing with the main flow.
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Volpi, Andrea, and Eleonora Bottani. "A simulation tool for mass transfer inside compressed air vessel for water networks pressurisation." In The 19th International Conference on Modelling and Applied Simulation. CAL-TEK srl, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46354/i3m.2019.mas.015.

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Feeding a water distribution network with the correct pressure is a fundamental requirement for its proper operation; to this end, a simple and reliable solution commonly adopted in small and medium industrial plants is the adoption of a pressure vessel. For small systems, a membrane seals the system water from the gas compartment, anyway, as the size of the vessel increases, the adoption of sealing diaphragm or bladder is no longer feasible, and thus there is a direct contact between air and water. The high pressure of the vessel, combined with the cyclic loading and unloading phases, which replace the water inside the tank, leads to a considerable mass transfer phenomenon of air inside water. The loss of air mass cannot be monitored and detected by simply controlling system pressures; to this extent, water level measurement and reference analytical models are required. Since there is a lack in scientific literature of these models, the present study presents a model for mass transfer estimate in the systems described, starting from a real pilot plant. The main results of the model implementation in a spreadsheet, in terms of the trend of the key model parameters in time, are also reported and discussed.
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9

Xu, C., and R. S. Amano. "A Turbomachinery Blade Design and Optimization Procedure." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30541.

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With the development of the advanced technology, the combustion temperature is raised for increased efficiencies. At the same time, the turbine and compressor pressure ratio and the mass flow rate rise; thus causing turbine and compressor blades turning and blade lengths increase. Moreover, the high efficiency requirements had made the turbine and compressor blade design difficult. A turbine airfoil has been custom designed for many years, but an optimization for the section design in a three-dimensional consideration is still a challenge. For a compressor blade design, standard section cannot meet the modern compressor requirements. Modern compressor design has not only needs a custom designed section according to flow situation, but also needs three-dimensional optimizations. Therefore, a good blade design process is critical to the turbines and compressors. A blade design of the turbomachines is one of the important steps for a good turbomachine design. A blade design process not only directly influences the overall machine efficiency but also dramatically impact the design time and cost. In this study, a blade design and optimization procedure was proposed for both turbine and compressor blade design. A compressor blade design was used as a test case. It was shown that the current design process had more advantages than conventional design methodology.
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10

Moore, J. Jeffrey, David L. Ransom, and Flavia Viana. "Rotordynamic Force Prediction of Centrifugal Compressor Impellers Using Computational Fluid Dynamics." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-28181.

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The energy industry depends on centrifugal compressors to produce, process, re-inject and transport many different gases. Centrifugal compressors use one or more impellers to impart momentum to the flowing gas and, thereby, produce an increase in pressure through diffusion. As the operating pressure in a compressor increases, the fluid-rotor interaction at the seals and impellers become more important. Also, the new generation of mega-scale Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) compressors is dependent on accurate assessment of these forces. The aerodynamic forces and cross-coupled stiffness from the impellers cannot be accurately predicted with traditional methods and must be estimated with semi-empirical formulations. The result of these inaccuracies is a potential for compressor designs that can experience unexpected, dangerous, and damaging instabilities and subsynchronous vibrations. The current investigation is intended to advance the state-of-the-art to achieve an improved, physics-based method of predicted aerodynamic destabilizing cross-coupling forces on centrifugal compressor impellers using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). CFD was employed in this study to predict the impeller-fluid interaction forces, which gives rise to the aerodynamic cross-coupling. The procedure utilized in this study was developed by Moore and Palazzolo [10], which applied the method to liquid pump impellers. Their results showed good correlation to test data. Unfortunately, no such data exists for centrifugal compressors. Therefore, in order to validate the present model, comparisons will be made to predict the instability of an industrial centrifugal compressor. A parametric CFD study is then presented leading to a new analytical expression for predicting the cross-coupled stiffness for centrifugal impellers.
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