Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Composting science'
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Myers, Spencer Gabriel. "Effectiveness of Windrow Composting Methodology in Killing a Thermo-Tolerant Species of Salmonella During Mortality Composting." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2019. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2019.
Full textHalm, Julia. "Assessing Barriers and Benefits to a Food Waste Composting Pilot Program in Oberlin, Ohio." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin162151075210671.
Full textSmith, David Brian. "A 2012 SURVEY AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF COMPOSTING AND ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OPTIONS FOR MIAMI UNIVERSITY." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1344965351.
Full textOrendo-Smith, Richard. "Sanjeevak as a source of nutrients and phytohormones for production and propagation of plants." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19934.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: The use of cowdung as an organic fertilizer in Asian and African agriculture is an ancient practice. This explains its renewed interest, partly due to the financial inability of most farmers to purchase agrochemicals but also the ever increasing need to adopt greener technologies that do not adversely affect soil health, water quality, biodiversity and promote sustained or even increased food production. In this context, many innovative farmers have developed their own novel technologies based on the use of local resources. One such innovation is Sanjeevak (a mix of cow dung, cow urine, water and a handful of sugar); which showed very promising boosting effect on crop productivity. However, very little scientific work has so far been conducted to evaluate its effect as an organic product for soil amendments. The present study was subdivided into three main objectives. (i) To assess the fertilizing value, human health and ecological risk profiles of Sanjeevak; (ii) To screen Sanjeevak for phytohormones content using Salkowski colorimetric method and liquid chromatography – mass spectrometry (LC-MS) (iii) To evaluate Sanjeevak application at various rates on growth parameters and yield of various crops cultivated in glasshouse and field conditions. Sanjeevak was assessed for its micro and macro nutrients contents. The analysis showed the presence of micronutrients such as Mg, Na, Ca and Zn at variable concentrations and phosphorus (P) (0.007%) and potassium (K) (0.063%). However, Sanjeevak content in total nitrogen (TN) (0.11%), and total organic carbon (TOC) (0.71%) was very low; suggesting that it may be a viable source of nutrients only if applied at higher and consistent rates or alternatively by improving its formulation. Also, Sanjeevak was analysed for its microbiological characteristics and level of heavy metals content in comparison to the strictest legislations that regulate the use and application of wastewater sludge to agricultural land in South Africa. The findings showed that heavy metals, which averaged from 0.03±0.01 for Arsenic (As) to 4.74±0.92 mg/kg for Zinc (Zn) and feacal coliform was estimated at 1.2×102 CFU/g dry matter measured were considerably below the threshold (for Arsenic between 40 to 75 mg/kg dry weight; for Zinc between 2800 to 7500 mg/kg dry weight) and faecal coliform bacteria between 1000 to 1×107 CFU/g dry weight for application as a source of soil amendments. Studies investigating the detection and concentration of phytohormones in Sanjeevak were carried out. In using the Salkowski colorimetric method to detect and quantify auxins from Sanjeevak and its composites (cow urine and dung), the results showed the presence of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) at variable concentrations ranging from 20.38±2.1 ppm in cow urine, 20.1±6.6 ppm in cow dung, Sanjeevak 17.90±1.1 ppm to up to 138.31±12.6 ppm when LTRP was added to Sanjeevak bacterial cultures and by varying parameters such as incubaton time and temperature. Screening of the above mentioned samples for IAA using LC-MS analysis validated earlier findings. Further analysis of these results strongly emphasized the influence of bacteria in Sanjeevak in producing IAA. Trials were carried out both in the glasshouse and the field. In the greenhouse, different Sanjeevak application rates consistently confirmed its root promoting effect on crops such as tomato, cucumber and grapevine and increased wheat yield independent of the nutrients it contains. Marginal increases were recorded between treatments under field conditions; for example compost and compost + Sanjeevak 20.35 and 20.61 t/ha; and 2.46 and 2.60 t/ha compared to the control 11.67 t/ha and 1.29 t/ha respectively for tomato and maize. However, statistical analysis of the results obtained, revealed that there was no difference between treatments (control, compost, Sanjeevak and compost + Sanjeevak) for the same crop tested due to the high coefficient of variation of the data. Therefore, the use of Sanjeevak as an organic source of soil amendments may be considered as a cheaper alternative to effective microorganisms (EM) technology made up of local and natural resources. As observed in the study, it may be best used in combination with a reliable source of plant nutrients.
RESUMEE: L'utilisation des excréments de vaches comme engrais organique dans l'agriculture asiatique et africaine est une pratique très ancienne. Ceci explique son intérêt renouvelé, en partie due à aux restrictions monétaires de la plupart des agriculteurs d'acheter des produits agrochimiques, mais aussi la nécessité croissante d'adopter des technologies vertes qui ne nuissent pas à la qualité des sols, des eaux, la biodiversité et qui permettent d’améliorer la production agricole. C’est dans ce contexte que de nombreux paysans ont développé des techniques nouvelles dépendant des ressources naturelles et locales. L’utilisation de Sanjeevak (un mélange d’excréments de vaches, d’urine de vaches, l'eau et du sucre), a démontré sa capacité à accroître la productivité des plantes vivrières. Cependant, très peu de travaux scientifiques ont jusqu'à présent été menée pour étudier ce produit organique. La présente étude a été subdivisée en trois objectifs principaux. (i) Evaluation de la valeur fertilisante, et les profils de risques écologiques et sanitaires de Sanjeevak, (ii) Etudes de détection des phytohormones et leurs concentrations en utilisant une méthode colorimétrique adaptée de celle de Salkowski et la chromatographie liquide - spectrométrie de masse (LC-MS) (iii) Etude des effets de l’utilisation de Sanjeevak a différents taux d’applications sur la croissance et le développement des plants. Sanjeevak a été évaluée pour son contenu en micro et macro nutriments. L'analyse a montré la présence d'oligo-éléments tels que Mg, Na, Ca et Zn à des concentrations variables. De plus, son contenu en éléments majors tels que le phosphore (P) (0.007%), le potassium (K) (0.063%), l’azote (N) (0.11%), et carbone (C) (0.71%) est très faible; suggérant qu'il pourrait être une source viable de nutriments que si elle est appliquée à des taux plus élevés et répétés ou alternativement en améliorant sa formulation. En outre, Sanjeevak a été analysé pour ses caractéristiques microbiologiques et sa concentration en métaux lourds en comparaison a la législation qui réglemente l'utilisation et l'application de déchets liquide d’origines domestiques sur les terres agricoles en Afrique du Sud. Les résultats ont révélé que des métaux lourds et le niveau de coliformes fécaux mesuré était inférieur aux seuils d'application en tant que source d'amendements de sols agricoles. Les études portant sur la détection et la concentration d’hormones végétales ont été effectuées. En utilisant la méthode colorimétrique de Salkowski pour détecter et quantifier les auxines de Sanjeevak, les urines et les excréments de vaches; les résultats ont révélé la présence d'acide indole-3-acétique (AIA) à des concentrations variables dans les urines, les excréments et Sanjeevak. Une autre analyse des échantillons mentionnés ci-dessus pour les AIA en utilisant LC-MS a validé les résultats obtenus au préalable. L’étude détaillée de ces résultats confirme l'influence des micro-organismes dans la production des hormones végétales. Concernant les expériences sous serre, les différents taux d'application de Sanjeevak ont confirmé son effet stimulant à la croissance accélérée des racines des plantes telles que la tomate et les raisins et augmenté le rendement du blé indépendamment des nutriments qu'il contient. L'analyse statistique des résultats obtenus dans des conditions de terrain, a révélé qu'il n'y avait pas de différence entre les traitements (contrôle, compost, compost + Sanjeevak et Sanjeevak) pour la même plantes testées. Par conséquent, l'utilisation de Sanjeevak comme un produit organique qui améliore la qualité des sols et le rendement des cultures vivrières; peu être considéré comme un inoculum contenant des microorganismes constitué de ressources locales et naturelles. Comme l'a observé dans l'étude, il pourrait être mieux utilisé en combinaison avec une source fiable de nutriments végétaux.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die gebruik van beesmis as 'n organiese kunsmis in Asië en Afrika is' n eeu-oue landbou praktyk. Dit verklaar die hernude belangstelling, deels vanweë die finansiële onvermoë van meeste boere om landbouchemikalieë aan te koop, maar ook as gevolg van die toenemende behoefte vir groener tegnologie wat nie nadelig is vir grond gesondheid, waterkwaliteit, biodiversiteit en wat volhoubaarheid of selfs verhoogde voedselproduksie bevorder. In hierdie konteks het baie vindingryke boere hul eie nuwe tegnologie, gebaseer op die gebruik van plaaslik verkrygde hulpbronne, ontwikkel. `n Voorbeeld hiervan is Sanjeevak ('n mengsel van beesmis, beesurine, water en die handvol melasse), wat belowende bevorderende effekte op gewas produktiwiteit en grond mikroflora getoon het. Tot dusver was daar egter baie min wetenskaplike werk gedoen om die effek daarvan as 'n organiese produkte vir grond wysigings te evalueer. Hierdie studie was verdeel in vier belangrike doelwitte. (i) Om die bemestingswaarde, menslike gesondheid en ekologiese risiko-profiele van Sanjeevak te evalueer; (ii) Om Sanjeevak vir fitohormone inhoud en vlakke met behulp van 'n kolorimetriese metode afgelei van dié van Salkowski en vloeistofchromatografie – massaspektrometrie (LC-MS) te besigtig; (iii) Glashuis en veld waarneming reaksies met betrekking tot groei parameters en opbrengs van verskeie gewasse na die toediening van Sanjeevak by verskillende tempos; (iv) Laastens, om die effek van die Sanjeevak voorbehandeling op saad ontkieming en voortplanting te toets in vergelyking met die metodes en tegnieke wat gereeld gebruik word. Sanjeevak is geassesseer vir die mikro-en makro voedingstowwe inhoud. Die analise het die teenwoordigheid van mikrovoedingstowwe soos Mg, Na, Ca en Zn by wisselende konsentrasies, asook fosfor (P) (0.007%) en kalium (K) (0.063%), getoon. Sanjeevak inhoud van totale stikstof (TN) (0.11%), en die totale organiese koolstof (TOC) (0.71%) was egter baie laag, wat daarop dui dat dit slegs 'n lewensvatbare bron van voedingstowwe is indien dit by hoër en konsekwente tempos toegedien word of alternatiewelik wanneer formulering daarvan verbeter word. Sanjeevak was ook ontleed vir die mikrobiologiese eienskappe en die vlakke van swaar metale in vergelyking met die streng wetgewing wat die gebruik en toediening van afvalwater slyk op landbougrond in Suid-Afrika reguleer. Die bevindinge het getoon dat swaar metale en fekalieë kolivorm vlakke hier gemeet, aan die drumpel vereistes voldoen vir die toediening as ‘n grondverbeteringsmiddel. Studies wat die opsporing en die konsentrasie van fitohormone in Sanjeevak ondersoek is uitgevoer. In die gebruik van die Salkowski kolorimetrise metode om die ouksiene op te spoor en te kwantifiseer uit Sanjeevak en sy mengsel (beesurine en mis), het die resultate die teenwoordigheid van indol-3-asynsuur (IAA) by wisselende konsentrasies wat wissel van 20 tot 140 ppm in beesurine, beesmis en Sanjeevak getoon. Evaluering van die bogenoemde monsters vir IAA met behulp van LC-MSanalise bevestig vroeër bevindings. Verdere ontleding van hierdie resultate beklemtoon sterk die invloed van Sanjeevak mikrobiota in fitohormone produksie. Proewe is uitgevoer in die glashuis en die veld. In die glashuis eksperimente, is het die verskeie toedieningstempo van Sanjeevak herhalend die wortelbevorderende effekte bevestig op gewasse soos tamaties, komkommer en wingerdstok en dit het opbrengs van koring verhoog, onafhanklik van die voedingstowwe wat dit bevat. Statistiese analise van die resultate verkry onder veldtoestande, het getoon dat daar geen verskil tussen die behandelings (kontrole, kompos, Sanjeevak en kompos + Sanjeevak) was nie, gegee dat dieselfde gewas getoets was. Ten slotte, laboratorium-eksperimente op Sanjeevak as voor-behandeling om die beworteling te verbeter van die wingerdstok (Ramsey) onderstok steggies, het baie belowende resultate getoon in vergelyking met naftaleen asynsuur (NAA) voorbehandeling en die kontrole. Dit beklemtoon die feit dat Sanjeevak 'n alternatief kan wees en wat verdere studie verdien, hoofsaaklik as gevolg van sy lae-koste en omgewingsvriendelike prosedures. Die gebruik van Sanjeevak as 'n organiese grondverbeteringsmiddel vir gewasproduksie en voortplanting kan beskou word as' n goedkoper alternatief tot effektiewe mikro-organisme (EM) tegnologie wat uit plaaslike en natuurlike hulpbronne saamgestel is. Soos waargeneem in die studie, kan dit die beste gebruik word in kombinasie met 'n betroubare bron van plantvoedingstowwe. Dus, moet die gebruik daarvan vir die produksie van gewasse en voortplanting aangemoedig word.
Brito, Natane de Oliveira Costa. "Utilização da metodologia CAT numa escola estadual campesina como estratégia para o ensino de Ciências." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97138/tde-04122018-144638/.
Full textOne of the major environmental problems of today is the management of solid waste. For the preservation of the environment waste treatment must be considered as a matter of the whole society. The present study had the objective of analyzing the impacts of the implementation of the methodology CAT - Knowing, Analyzing and Transforming - as a strategy / tool for the Teaching of Sciences, encompassing themes related to solid waste. The research methodology used was qualitative, of the research- action type. Seven students from the 5th grade / 6th year of Elementary School II participated in a rural state school. In relation to the impacts promoted by the project, we have as main considerations the increase of the content domain worked during the execution of the proposed methodology, the great participation and the involvement of the students and the student growth of attendance. It was also considered that the subjects of the research are influenced by factors of micro and macrossocial order. The results announced other possibilities for curriculum and science education in peasant schools. Finally, it is emphasized that project execution made it possible to quantify the degree of influence of projects such as this on meaningful learning of peasant students.
Chapman, P. D. "Application of diffusion laws to composting : theory, implications, and experimental testing : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Ph.D. [i.e. Doctor of Philosophy] at Lincoln University /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/819.
Full textLin, Long. "Technical, Microbial, and Economic Study on Thermophilic Solid-state Anaerobic Digestion of Lignocellulosic Biomass." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500505570855855.
Full textCourvoisier, Pierre. "Mathematical modelling of composting processes using finite element method." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103735.
Full textLe compostage est un composant de la gestion des déchets et permet de les transformer en un produit à valeur ajouté. Les procédés en jeu, ainsi que les produits finis peuvent cependant varier au niveau de la qualité, de l'efficacité, et de la sécurité. Des modèles ont été mis au point pour prendre en compte certaines caractéritiques du compostage, mais jamais de façon exhaustive. Notre hypothèse était que toutes les caractéristiques clés décrites dans la littérature peuvent être réunies en un seul modèle. Ce modèle doit être qualitativement fidèle, fiable, et facilement adaptable à toutes les situations. Nous avons utilisé COMSOL TM, un logiciel qui utilise des algorithmes établis et se base sur la méthode des éléments finis pour résoudre les systèmes d'équations différentielles partielles avec une bonne résolution spatiale en deux ou trois dimensions. La réponse de ce modèle face à des variations paramètriques et à une analyse de sensitivité a été étudiée. Les comportements de la température, de la biomasse, du substrat, de l'oxygène, et de la quantité d'eau ont été cohérents avec ceux trouvés dans la littérature sur le compostage. La concentration initiale en eau, ainsi que l'aération, ont été prouvés avoir un impact important sur le compostage, contrairement à la température de l'air entrant. La résolution du problème mathématique dans une coupe bidimensionnelle longitudinale du container rectangulaire permet l'observation de comportements spatiaux. Ce modèle pourra être utilisé comme un fondement pour de futures études car l'ajout de nouvelles caractéristiques y est aisé. Le modèle peut aussi être facilement adapté à différentes conditions expérimentales, ce qui en fait un bon outil comparatif. Cependant, le modèle suggéré doit d'abord être validé par des données expérimentales.
Adhikari, Bijaya. "Onsite treatment of urban organic waste using home composting systems." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106314.
Full textLe traitement des matières résiduelles organiques (MRO) sur place (centres communautaires de compostage et composteurs maison) est une approche qui réduit les coûts de manipulation et de procédé associés aux centres régionaux de compostage et à l'enfouissement. D'ici 2025 et comparativement à l'enfouissement, cette approche pourrait diminuer les coûts de traitement et les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES) de 50 et 40 %, respectivement. D'autre part, la diversion et le recyclage des MRO exigent des connaissances techniques et la participation des gens pour assurer la qualité sanitaire du produit, qui dépend du mélange initial, et de la conception du composteur maison ainsi que de sa gestion. Un projet fut donc réalisé en laboratoire et sur le terrain, dans le but de déterminer les critères de conception des composteurs maison et la formulation du mélange initial qui favorisent la décomposition et la stabilisation des MRO traitées. Les résultats ont démontré que la conception du composteur maison est importante, surtout en ce qui concerne l'emplacement des ouvertures qui, quand concentrées dans le haut et le bas, favorisent l'aération par convection. Cette configuration d'ouvertures fait en sorte que le composteur peut atteindre des température thermophiles, semblables aux amas au sol, s'il est chargé de plus de 10 kg (semaine)-1 de MRO possédant une matière sèche de plus de 15 % (moitié résidus de jardin et résidus de table). Le compost produit par résident est généralement propre, avec de faibles teneurs en hydrocarbures aromatique polycyclique (HAP) et en métaux lourds, à la condition d'appliquer des herbicides jardins en quantités raisonnables. Comparativement aux centres régionaux de compostage, les composteurs maison générent la même quantité de gaz à effet de serre (GES) mais font économiser 50 kg de CO2-équ. (tonne de matières résiduelles humides compostées)-1 en tant qu'énergie de manipulation et de procédé.
Papp, Carolle. "Controlling food waste – Home composting or biofuel production?" Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22698.
Full textOne purpose of this study is to compare two treatment options for food waste. Home composting or biofuel production, seen from the climate perspective. The carbon dioxide equivalent has been calculated for the two options. The second purpose was to study the political process with regard to food waste to understand why Swedish households were encouraged to home compost food waste during the nineties only to early twenties advocate biofuel production. My calculations and comparisons shows that it is more beneficial for the climate to digest the food waste then composting since the carbon dioxide emissions is less. My second analysis indicates that while the political reorientation has led to environmental improvements, the effect has also been that to gain control of the food waste stream, waste management organisations effectively provide customers with no choice and economically punish households that have no food waste to collect since they have effective home composting.
Cronjé, Angela Leigh. "Ammonia emissions and pathogen inactivation during controlled composting of pig manure." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2004. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/155/.
Full textLundgren, Kristina. "Impact of fly specific bacteria on fly larvae composting." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-377636.
Full textGlobalt slängs ungefär en tredjedel av all ätbar mat. Därmed finns ett stort behov av säker och hållbar avfallshantering. En intressant lösning för organiskt avfall är fluglarvskompostering, som både producerar protein i form av larver och en näringsrik behandlingsrest. Larverna kan exempelvis användas som djurfoder medan behandlings-resten kan användas som gödselmedel, vilket innebär att näring kan återvinnas. Fluglarvskompostering med amerikansk vapenfluga (BSF), Hermetia illucens, är en relativt ny teknik men det finns redan omfattande forskning på hur olika processparametrar, t.ex. temperatur och vattenhalt, påverkar processen. Bakteriers roll har studerats endast i ett fåtal studier men de indikerar att tillsats av bakterier kan ha en positiv inverkan på larvernas tillväxt. Den här studien har därför undersökt hur tillsats av bakterier isolerade från BSF ägg påverkar fluglarvskompostering av matavfall med BSF larver. Studien gjordes i två experimentella delar. I fas I undersöktes effekten av tillsats av bakteriegrupper om tre bakterier till matavfallet samtidigt med larverna; i fas II utfördes triplikat av lovande bakteriegrupper med tre, två eller enstaka bakterier. Resultaten från fas I indikerade att olika bakteriegrupper antingen kunde höja eller sänka bioomvandlingskvoten och generellt gav en minskning i materialreduktions-kvoten medan överlevnadsgraden inte verkade påverkas i samma utsträckning. I fas II observerades däremot ingen signifikant skillnad (p<0,05) mellan någon av bakteriebehandlingarna och kontrollen för samtliga processvariabler. Variationen i resulterande bioomvandlingskvot och materialreduktionskvot (på VS basis) var dock lägre för bakteriebehandlingarna jämfört med kontrollen. Variationen i bioomvandlings-kvot var 9,5% för kontrollen jämfört med 2,5-6,1% för bakteriebehandlingarna. För materialreduktionskvoten minskade variationen från 5,6% till mellan 0,9% och 4,6%. Detta tyder på att tillsats av bakterier kan förbättra stabiliteten hos fluglarvskompostering, vilket är särskilt intressant vid uppskalning av processen.
Eckstrom, Korin. "Evaluating The Resistome And Microbial Composition During Food Waste Feeding And Composting On A Vermont Poultry Farm." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/886.
Full textHorta, Madalena Nunes França Aires. "Does community scale composting produce a viable outcome? Some physical and chemical properties of green waste composts produced in the Faculty of Sciences campus." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29387.
Full textGolding, Kirsty Ann. "The effect of waste disposal on soils in and around historic small towns." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/492.
Full textMagnani, Michael. "Effetto di composti d'aroma sulla risposta fisiologica di Listeria monocytgenes." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11515/.
Full textCressman, Michael David. "Effects of Litter Reuse on Performance, Welfare, and the Microbiome of the Litter and Gastrointestinal Tract of Commercial Broiler Chickens." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1388745383.
Full textJohnson, Kylie J. "The Viability of Composting as a Waste Management Strategy in Urban Areas: An Assessment of Practices in Baltimore, Maryland; Washington, D.C.; and Edinburgh, Scotland." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1338562538.
Full textNatale, Daniela <1982>. "Trattamenti termici: valutazione delle degradazioni termossidative di oli da frittura e determinazione di composti aromatici in matrici alimentari complesse." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4500/.
Full textThe study conducted during the PhD research was focused on the assessment of various thermoxidative degradations in frying oils. To achieve this objective, it was considered appropriate to firs proceed with a screening of the major frying oils present in the Italian market, followed by the development of two frying blends, which were subjected to two different experimental frying plans at lab-scale, under controlled and standardized conditions. The same frying blends were also utilized under two different catering frying situations (cafeteria and restaurant). Each frying blend was compared with two reference frying oils (palm olein and extra virgin olive oil). To evaluate the frying performance of each frying oil and blend, different analytical determinations were carried out; such analysis were performed before, during and at the end of the frying process. The study led to the identification of one of the mixtures here developed as a valid alternative to palm oil, which is widely used for food frying at catering level; in addition, this research allowed a better definition of the modifications (type and entity) that occur during food frying, according to the conditions used. The determination of polar compounds generated during frying were analyzed by both the official method and a high-performance size-exclusion chromatographic method (HPSEC). In the last part of the PhD period, the stability and usage of a special marinade, made of grape seed phenolic extracts encapsulated in liposomal systems, was tested on beef patties. The objective was to evaluate the ability of phenol-enriched liposomes to inhibit the formation of heterocyclic aromatic compounds generated by pan-frying.
AMENDOLA, DANILA. "VALORIZZAZIONE DI SOTTOPRODOTTI AGRO-ALIMENTARI PER LA PRODUZIONE DI COMPOSTI AD ALTO VALORE AGGIUNTO." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1733.
Full textThis thesis has focused on the recovery of high value compounds from agri-food by-products and their use in food. In particular, we studied the lignocellulosic fractionation of grape stalks and apple tree pruning for the recovery of hemicelluloses, cellulose, lignin and antioxidants through processes of auto-hydrolysis and organosolv, investigating subsequently the influence of six grape cultivar,on the lignocellulosic fractionation of grape-stalks. A four-step process (a washing treatment followed by an acid hydrolysis, a basic hydrolysis and, finally, a basic bleaching) was applied to stalks obtained from six different red (Barbera, Pinot Noir, Nebbiolo) and white (Müller, Chardonnay and Moscato) grape cultivars. The different stalks were compared in terms of chemical composition of raw material (moisture, ash, minerals, lipids, fiber, proteins, free sugars) and of the recovered fractions (washing, acid and basic liquors and final cellulose residues). We also studied the influence of variety on the antioxidants extraction from Barbera, Pinot Noir and Nebbiolo grape marc. The different extracts were compared in terms of phenolic profile and antioxidant capacity. Finally, a freeze-dried extract from Barbera grape marc was used to improve the shelf-life of hazelnut paste evaluating the oxidation kinetics.
Bobeck, Michaela. "Organic Household Waste in Developing Countries : An overview of environmental and health consequences, and appropriate decentralised technologies and strategies for sustainable management." Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Engineering and Sustainable Development, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-11579.
Full textThis paper reports on environmental impacts and health hazards as a result from inadequate management of organic household waste in developing countries. It gives details of water and soil contamination, air pollution and spread of diseases through expanding breeding grounds for pathogens, vectors and rodents. To manage this waste flow sustainably, decentralised composting and anaerobic digestions technologies have been studied to give an overall picture of existing appropriate technologies, including: windrow, box/bin/barrel, THM, aerated static pile, in-vessel, vermi, ARTI compact biogas digester and BARC’S NISARG-RUNA. Comparing different technologies showed that it is crucial to consider local conditions and markets when choosing which method to implement. However, the manual composting methods: windrow/box/bin/barrel, THM and vermi, are more likely to be appropriate in regard to current conditions in developing countries. A comparison between the environmental impacts of anaerobic digestion and composting did not result in a clear indication of which technology is most favourable. However, in the literature studied, biogas production showed an overall better energy balance, and composting a better result regarding nutrient recycling and xenobiotic compounds. In terms of the mitigation effect on global warming, the results varied essentially depending on the technology used and its loss of methane during the biogas production process. Finally, this paper investigates common constraints for implementation of the above-mentioned technologies, as well as recommendations for future projects. The study of general constraints revealed the need for directing attention to education, key consequences and benefits, co-operation, exchange of knowledge and bottom-up driving forces, for sustainable and successful implementation of organic household waste management practices in developing countries.
Dellorusso, Michele. "Messa a punto di una metodica di estrazione in fase solida(spe), per la valutazione dei composti polari in oli residui da frittura." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/4539/.
Full textMelhorn, Susan Jennifer. "The microstructure of food intake under conditions of high-fat diet, social stress and social subordination." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1243018975.
Full textBrunetti, Samanta. "Effetto di campi elettrici pulsati (PEF) su Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/14590/.
Full textPalagano, Rosa. "Un approccio analitico innovativo per lo studio della frazione volatile di oli vergini da olive: Flash-Gascromatography E-Nose." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11827/.
Full textBugli, Beatrice. "Caratterizzazione di olio ottenuto dalla co-frangitura di olive e grani di pepe." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Find full textD'Alessandro, Vittorio. "Principi attivi di prodotti fitoterapici a base di Aglio Rosso Di Sulmona in relazione alla tecnologia di produzione." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Find full textArushanyan, Yevgeniya. "Opportunities for Industrial Symbiosis BetweenCHP and Waste Treatment Facilities : (Case Study of Fortum and Ragn Sells, Brista)." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-30299.
Full textDivision Industrial Ecologywww.kth.se/itm/indecowww.ima.kth.se
Pancirov, Emma. "Effetto della fertilizzazione organica sulla qualità organolettica e funzionale di nettarine coltivate in biodinamico." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/19388/.
Full textDORDONI, ROBERTA. "Ottimazione dei processi di chiarificazione di vini bianchi mediante l'impiego di bentonite." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/963.
Full textThis PhD thesis dealt with the evaluation of different sodium bentonite samples. The planned activities were aimed to understand the interactions between bentonites and different molecular weight proteins naturally contained in white wines. Further investigations were related to the impact of the clays on varietal and fermentative aroma compounds of musts and/or wines. Results underscore the key role exerted by the “matrix factors”: bentonite dose and typology and wine style have to be carefully considered before planning a fining treatment.
Zama, Ayrton. "Olio Extra Vergine di oliva monovarietale "Nostrana di Brisighella": tecnologie di estrazione a confronto con considerazioni su fenoli totali e valutazione sensoriale." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Find full textPoletti, Marco. "La gestione innovativa del frantoio: ottimizzazione delle variabili di processo per il miglioramento qualitativo del prodotto." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Find full textBetelli, Laetitia. "Développement et évaluation d'une méthode fondée sur la PCR temps réel pour la caractérisation des bioaérosols : application au groupe des actinomycètes." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935647.
Full textPozzato, Luca. "Compositional profile study of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), at two different stages of harvesting, for a food use." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.
Find full textLindberg, Lovisa. "Utsläpp av växthusgaser och ammoniak under fluglarvskompostering." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-372893.
Full textThe need for better waste management is increasing as the population increases and agriculture is intensified. Organic waste management today is poorly designed in many countries leading to waste ending up in landfills which results in more greenhouse gases being emitted to the atmosphere, contributing to the global climate change. A possible solution is to implement a method that generates a valuable product such as fly larvae composting, which is an organic waste treatment method that uses larvae of the black soldier fly that can reduce the amount of waste. The waste is converted to the larval biomass which is rich in protein and possible to use as animal feed. Treatment residues can be used as fertilizers or to produce biogas. Very little is known about greenhouse gas emissions from fly larvae composting. Under current EU legislation in production contexts, the fly is considered a production animal that is not allowed to be raised on food waste containing animal by-products. Therefore, in this study, vegetable waste was investigated in order to be able to use fly larvae composting in production contexts. The vegetable waste used was orange peels and cauliflower mixed with broccoli (in this study referred to as cauliflower mix). Vegetable waste contains nutrients which are hard to digest for larvae and in order to improve digestibility, pretreatments were performed. The pretreatments carried out were with fungus and ammonia solution, as these have been shown to make hardly bound nutrients available. Food waste is known to work well in fly larvae composting and was used as a reference. Emissions of greenhouse gases CO2, NH3, N2O and CH4 were measured using chamber technique. In the treatment of cauliflower mix, the pretreatment improved the material reduction only slightly, which was on average 82 % but the overall total reduction was greater than that for food waste which had a reduction at 60 %. The reduction ranged between 38-86 % among all of the treatments of orange peels. Larvae treatment on food waste resulted in the largest biomass conversion ratio. Both vegetable substrates pretreated with NH4+ had high emissions of NH3. The treatments of cauliflower mix had higher emissions of N2O but they were lower than what is generally expected in conventional waste treatments such as composting. The non-pretreated substrates had low emissions of CH4, including the food waste compared to the pretreated ones which nevertheless were lower than in aerobic composting. When selecting a treatment strategy for fly larvae composting, to achieve low gas emissions, fungus pretreated substrates should be used while substrates pretreated with NH4+ result in higher material reduction.
Di, Sapio Mario. "Valutazione analitica e sensoriale di genotipi di fragola." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018.
Find full textOudart, Didier. "Modélisation de la stabilisation de la matière organique et des émissions gazeuses au cours du compostage d'effluents d'élevage." Phd thesis, INSA de Toulouse, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00935691.
Full textCATELAN, RACHEL. "L'organisation spatiale d'un réseau de centres de compostage des déchets verts en zone de montagne : le cas du département de la Savoie ; conception et mise en oeuvre d'un système d'information géographique pour la gestion spatiale de nouveaux équipements publics." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10271.
Full textDOMENEGHETTI, DANIELE. "Studio del profilo polifenolico ed aromatico di vini rossi da vitigni di antica coltivazione della Valle d'Aosta." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/73.
Full textAosta Valley has a little viticulture surface and it is characterised by a rich ampelographic collection including the following twelve red grape autochthonous varieties: Bonda, Cornalin, Crovassa, Fumin, Mayolet, Ner d'Ala, Petit rouge, Premetta, Roussin, Roussin de Morgex, Vien de Nus e Vuillermin. Only the 34% of the D.O.C. wine production is represented by some of the above mentioned cultivars, in particular the Petit Rouge, despite of the huge number of cultivars. The Petit rouge is used in purity or in miscellaneous in the D.O.C. wine production. In order to implement the presence of typical products, this study was carried out to evaluate the aptitude of Aosta Valley ancient grapes to produce quality red wines. Moreover to improve quality of the most diffused Aosta Valley red wine the effects of some alternative winemaking were evaluated on the Petit rouge characters.
Makita-Ngadi, Joseph. "Biodégradation et compostage des écorces de pin (pinus sylvestris) et d'Okoume (Aucoumea Klaineana ou Gaboon)." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10014.
Full textSussman, Reuven. "Effectiveness of prompts and models on food composting by restaurant patrons." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/3120.
Full textSaad, Sarra Ahmed Mohamed. "Processes and balance of organic matter turnover and transformation of mineral compounds during decomposition of biogenic material in the presence of soil material." Doctoral thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AEC0-3.
Full textJohannesdottir, Solveig. "Uppskalning av fluglarvskompostering : Luftningsbehov och ventilation." Thesis, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-331167.
Full textLarvae of the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) can convert organic waste into biomass. The residue is nutrient-rich and can be used as fertilizer or for biogas production. The aim of this study was to assess the aeration need for designing a ventilation system in a pilot plant for larvae composting in Sweden. First, a cabinet with required ventilation arrangement for performing the experiments was designed. Two experiments were performed, where three stacks each comprised of nine boxes with spacers were used. In the first experiment, a total of 15 kg of municipal food waste and 15 000 larvae were used per box. In the second experiment, a total of 11 kg food waste and 10 000 larvae were used per box. In the first experiment 6.2 kg of water evaporated per treatment box and in the second 4.8 kg, both corresponding to about 50 % of the water present in the substrate added. An average temperature of 31 °C in the inlet air resulted in temperatures of 27-30 °C in the material during the treatment. Based on the results, 8.4 m3/h of air is needed per treatment box to reach 50 % dry matter in the residue of food waste containing 15 % dry matter. The results also indicate that to reach the desired water content in the residue, there might be a need to adjust the initial water content in the food waste and use horizontal airflow in the treatment container. Before deciding on a ventilation design, further studies are necessary to assess how high airflows affect the treatment.