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Academic literature on the topic 'Composting process'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Composting process"

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Kollárová, M., V. Altmann, A. Jelínek, and M. Češpiva. "Effect of bio-technological agents on the composting process and gaseous emissions production from the composting process." Research in Agricultural Engineering 52, No. 4 (February 7, 2012): 145–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4891-rae.

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In the contribution are presented results of two experiments with utilisation of bio-technological agents Bacteriocomposter Plus and Bio-Algeen G40. The effect of these agents on the course of the composting process and emissions production from the composting was investigated. The experiment was also carried out with utilisation of biofilter. The emissions measuring was carried out by the continual method utilising the measuring apparatus INNOVA MULTIGAS (monitor 1312)MultipointSampler 1309 INNOVA. The results of the experiments have confirmed that the bio-technological agents have effect on the reduction of the emissions production from the composting activity.

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Raza, Shahid, and Jalil Ahmad. "Composting process: a review." International Journal of Biological Research 4, no. 2 (July 31, 2016): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijbr.v4i2.6354.

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Composting is one of the important and economical method of recycling organic waste. Composting process involve a number of microbes. Composting have several benefits, it improves manure handling , possible saleable product , improves land application, weed seed and pathogen destruction by high temperature in compost pile, minimum risk of different pollution problems, perfect soil conditioner. Composting is a process in which biological breakdown of organic waste under different controlled conditions takes place.

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Ribeiro, Noelly de Queiroz, Thiago Pereira Souza, Lívia Martinez Abreu Soares Costa, Cibelli Paula de Castro, and Eustáquio Souza Dias. "Microbial additives in the composting process." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 41, no. 2 (April 2017): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542017412038216.

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ABSTRACT Composting is the process of natural degradation of organic matter carried out by environmental microorganisms whose metabolic activities cause the mineralization and partial humification of substances in the pile. This compost can be beneficially applied to the soil as organic fertilizer in horticulture and agriculture. The number of studies involving microbial inoculants has been growing, and they aim to improve processes such as composting. However, the behavior of these inoculants and other microorganisms during the composting process have not yet been described. In this context, this work aimed to investigate the effects of using a microbial inoculum that can improve the composting process and to follow the bacterial population dynamics throughout the process using the high-resolution melt (HRM) technique. To do so, we analysed four compost piles inoculated with Bacillus cereus, Bacillus megaterium, B. cereus + B. megaterium and a control with no inoculum. The analyses were carried out using samples collected at different stages of the process (5th to 110th days). The results showed that the bacterial inocula influenced the process of composting, altering the breakdown of cellulose and hemicelluloses and causing alterations to the temperature and nitrogen levels throughout the composting process. The use of a universal primer (rDNA 16S) allowed to follow the microbial succession during the process. However, the design of a specific primer is necessary to follow the inoculum throughout the composting process with more accuracy.

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Hotta, S., T. Noguchi, and N. Funamizu. "Experimental study on nitrogen components during composting process of feces." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 7 (April 1, 2007): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.143.

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We measured nitrogen components during composting process of feces in a batch test in which sawdust was used as a matrix. Further decomposition rates of fecal nitrogen and carbon were obtained in the batch tests of different feces loading. In composting material that was a mixture of sawdust and fresh feces, fecal organic matter decomposed to CO2 and fecal nitrogen mineralized to ammonia during the composting process. The biological response of organic matter and nitrogen in the composting material was evaluated by oxygen consumption (OUR) and ammonia production that was a sum of volatilized ammonia gas and ammonia remaining in the composting material. Since composting material contains two different sources of organic matter from feces and sawdust, the OUR by using the sawdust matrix only was evaluated in preliminary tests. The fecal contribution to the OUR in the composting material was therefore calculated by subtraction of the result in the preliminary tests from the one in the composting material. The ammonia production from the fecal nitrogen was obtained by the same procedure. The decomposition rates of input organic matter in feces were approximately 83 and 70% respectively, whereas ammonia production rates were approximately 73 and 58% of input fecal nitrogen. There was an interesting time lag of the peak time between volatilisation rates of ammonia and CO2 during the composting process while fecal carbon and nitrogen simultaneously decomposed to ammonia and CO2 in the composting material.

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Qin, Xiaosheng, Guohe Huang, Guangming Zeng, Amit Chakma, and Beidou Xi. "A Fuzzy Composting Process Model." Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 57, no. 5 (May 2007): 535–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3155/1047-3289.57.5.535.

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H. L. Person and W. H. Shayya. "Composting Process Design Computer Model." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 10, no. 2 (1994): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.25852.

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Huang, Chong Hao, Yong Zhang, and Jun Hong Luo. "Rapid and High-Efficient Composting Process of Municipal Sewage Surplus Sludge." Applied Mechanics and Materials 464 (November 2013): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.464.184.

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This thesis is based on the target of the sludge which was dehydrated and percolated by sewage treatment plant. It conducts the feasibility analysis for the agricultural usage of sludge in cities, and carries out composting experiment of dehydrated and filtered sludge which lasts for about fifteen days. This thesis also does some research on the techniques of composting and parameters of sludge. This thesis has some researches on the temperature of sludge, moisture, organic matter, pH, total phosphorus content of nitrogen, heavy metals content and forms, the germination rate index (GI), and other changes during the process of composting. The results show that, after the composting, there has a significant decline in moisture content of the sludge and the organic matters; pH remains neutral; nitrogen has declined; total phosphorus increased. Composting can make majority of heavy metals reduced which was absorbed by the plant that means the decline of unstable heavy metal content. After the composting, germinations rate index (GI) is more than 50 percent, which shows that the composting products have no toxicity and indicates the maturity of composting. Through the analysis of the organic matter of the sludge plant, PH, plant nutrients (N, P,) content, heavy metal content and its forms of distribution and germination rate index (GI), it shows that the sludge of this plant has a good agricultural prospect.

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Lew, Pei Sze, Nik Nor Liyana Nik Ibrahim, Suryani Kamarudin, Norashikin M. Thamrin, and Mohamad Farid Misnan. "Optimization of Bokashi-Composting Process Using Effective Microorganisms-1 in Smart Composting Bin." Sensors 21, no. 8 (April 18, 2021): 2847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21082847.

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Malaysians generate 15,000 tons of food waste per day and dispose of it in the landfill, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. As a solution for the stated problem, this research aims to produce an excellent quality bokashi compost from household organic waste using a smart composting bin. The bokashi composting method is conducted, whereby banana peels are composted with three types of bokashi brans prepared using 12, 22, and 32 mL of EM-1 mother cultured. During the 14 days composting process, the smart composting bin collected the temperature, air humidity, and moisture content produced by the bokashi-composting process. With the ATmega328 microcontroller, these data were uploaded and synchronized to Google Sheet via WIFI. After the bokashi-composting process was completed, three of each bokashi compost and a control sample were buried in separate black soil for three weeks to determine each compost’s effectiveness. NPK values and the C/N ratio were analyzed on the soil compost. From the research, 12 mL of EM-1 shows the most effective ratio to the bokashi composting, as it resulted in a faster decomposition rate and has an optimum C/N ratio. Bokashi composting can help to reduce household food wastes. An optimum amount of the EM-1 used during the bokashi-composting process will produce good quality soil without contributing to environmental issues.

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Assandri, Davide, Niccolò Pampuro, Giacomo Zara, Eugenio Cavallo, and Marilena Budroni. "Suitability of Composting Process for the Disposal and Valorization of Brewer’s Spent Grain." Agriculture 11, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11010002.

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The brewing industry is characterized by the large production of by-products. Following the fundamentals of a circular economy, several attempts to recycle brewers’ spent grain (BSG) have been investigated. However, little information is available on its use for composting. Considering the main parameters required for optimal development of composting, the objective of the present review was to analyze the literature to determine whether the microbial and physicochemical characteristics of BSG make it suitable for direct composting. As the main factors in the composting process, we considered the BSG moisture content, total carbon, total nitrogen, C/N ratio, and pH. As described in the literature, the BSG moisture content, C/N ratio, and pH range from 70.6% to 81.3%, 7.1 to 26.5, and 3.8 to 6.9, respectively. This C/N ratio range is lower than the composting target range (20–30). Instead, the mean moisture content in the literature is higher than the 60% to 65% recommended for composting. Optimum pH for aerobic stabilization of compost ranges from 5.5 to 7.5, while the BSG pH in the literature is typically more acidic. Therefore, BSG is not suitable for direct composting. Addition of lignocellulosic bulking agents improves the reduction of moisture content during composting, while also optimizing the substrate properties, such as C/N ratio, air spaces, and pH, to positively affect the composting process. Moreover, livestock manure should be included as a starting material to promote the composting process. In this context, two hypothetical initial mixtures of BSG plus a lignocellulosic bulking agent and livestock manure are presented.

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Vallini, G., A. Pera, M. Valdrighi, and F. Cecchi. "Process Constraints in Source-Collected Vegetable Waste Composting." Water Science and Technology 28, no. 2 (July 1, 1993): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0110.

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A pilot plant for compost stabilization of the vegetable waste (green waste or residues) which daily accumulates at the garden-produce markets in Florence (Italy) is described here. The green residues are source-collected. After shredding they are mixed with a ligno-cellulosic bulking agent in order to reduce their high moisture content and to promote porosity of the vegetable biomass. Composting is carried out in a special kind of open reactor (Aerated Dynamic Composting Trench) with forced ventilation and turning machinery. Retention time for composting in the biooxidation trench is 35 days. Following this the compost is placed in a post-maturation yard. This paper gives information about the main aspects to be taken into account for the management of the composting process applied to vegetable waste in order to obtain a high-quality organic soil amendant.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Composting process"

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Song, Qi Jun. "Elemental speciation in the composting process by ICPMS." Thesis, University of Hull, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397887.

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Fung, Shun On. "Reduction of odor generation through composting process control." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2007. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/827.

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Chan, Man Ting. "Optimizing food waste composting process in fed-batch composter." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/217.

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Composting is considered as an effective and sustainable food waste treatment technology from the perspectives of volume reduction, stabilization and releasing the pressure on landfills. Community composter is a decentralized composting facility in fed-batch operational mode which is usually being installed in the backyard of institutes, hospitals, housing estate etc. to handle the food wastes generated daily. Albeit numerous operational issues including high initial acidity and oil content, poor decomposition and odor generation are commonly encountered in these facilities, which make it difficult to be accepted by the public. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to develop a composting mix formulation that can provide a solution to all these issues in a fed-batch food waste composting process. The first phase of this study aims at finding out an optimized formulation in a batch-scale food waste composting process through the use of alkaline amendments and microbial inoculum. For the first two experiments, artificial food wastes were prepared by mixing 1.3kg bread, 1kg boiled rice, 1kg cabbage, 0.5kg fully boiled pork and mixed with sawdust to obtain a C/N of 30 and adjusted moisture of the mixtures to 55%. The effect of different concentrations of zeolite compared to lime was studied in the first experiment. Zeolite was amended with food wastes and sawdust mixtures at 2% (ZI-2), 5% (ZI-5), 10% (ZI-10) to compare with lime in 2.25% (L-2.25) w/w (dry weight basis) and composted for 56 days. Results demonstrated that 10% of zeolite was optimal amendment rate compared to lower dosage of zeolite (2% & 5%) with stronger pH buffering capacity and greater decomposition efficiency. Addition of 2.25% of lime buffered the pH efficiently but increased the ammonia loss significantly which eventually reduced total nitrogen (TN) content of final product and posed odor emission problem. Amendment of 10% zeolite provided a higher adsorption affinity on ammonia resulting in 2.05% of TN value of final product which was higher than 1.72% of lime treatment. Furthermore, significantly higher seed germination 150% was achieved of ZI-10 compost compared to 135% of L-2.25 due to low ammonium content of product. The first experiment showed that application of less than 10% zeolite was not sufficient to buffer the acidity; as a result, organic matter decomposition was inhibited. However, the cost and reduction in treatment percentage of food waste in 10% application rate of zeolite is an issue of concern. To tackle this dilemma, food waste was amended with struvite salts at 1:2 molar ratio of MgO and K2HPO4 (Mg:P) with or without zeolite amended at either 5% or 10% amendment (Mg:P, Z5 + Mg:P & Z10 + Mg:P) and a control treatment with food waste only was also included. Results showed that treatment of Z10 + Mg:P was synergistically achieved of pH and EC buffering, and N conservation but not for the case of 5 % zeolite. Treatment of Z10 + Mg:P further reduced the N loss to 18% compared to 25% and 27% of Mg:P and Z5 + Mg:P respectively. However, there was insignificant difference in the final nitrogen content and decomposition rate among all treatments with struvite salts amendment. Comparing to the treatment of Z-10 of the first experiment to Z10 + Mg:P of the second experiment, Z-10 showed superior performance since better decomposition efficiency, shorter time to require to pass the GI (28 Days) and lower cost because of salts exclusion. To develop a multipurpose formulation for the fed-batch operational food waste composter, high lipids problem in food waste cannot be neglected because it is a critical factor to hinder the decomposition efficiency. Inoculation of oil degradative microorganisms was reported as an effective approach to facilitate the lipids. Therefore, the third experiment was to investigate the overall composting performance supplemented with 10% zeolite and microbial consortium. 10% zeolite with bacterial consortium significantly reduced the lipid contents from 7% to 1% compared to control treatments. Furthermore, treatments amended with 10% zeolite was proved to reduce ammonia emission and total volatile fatty acids level in the composting mass, therefore the total odor emission level can be reduced. Zeolite at 10% was found to be a suitable optimum additive for both synthetic and real-food wastes. Therefore, treatment of 10% zeolite with bacterial consortium is selected as an optimized formulation for further study of its application in a fed-batch composter. Following the food waste zeolite composting formulation obtained in Phase I, the aim of Phase II was to develop an ideal composting mix formulation for on-site commercial composters. Although the results have been demonstrated 10% zeolite with bacterial consortium facilitated the composting efficiency in batch composter, those amendments may be over-estimated if applied in a fed batch composter by using real food wastes. With this constraint, the applicability of these additives in commercial fed-batch composter needs to be assessed using locally generated food wastes. Treatments included food waste and sawdust mixtures at 4:1 mixing ratio (wet weight basis) were mixed with 2.25% of lime (L2.25), 10% of zeolite (Z10) and 10% zeolite with bacterial inoculum (Z10+O) and a control of food waste with sawdust mixture only was also included. 35 kg compost mixture was fed into each composter respectively daily for a period of 42 days. Only Z10+O was the most suitable composting mix for fed-batch food waste composting process with continuous sustained high temperature (55-60oC), optimal moisture (55%-60%), alkaline pH and low EC during the experimental period. Bacterial inoculum significantly improved the lipids decomposition from 22.16% (C) to 3.10% (Z10+O) after the composting period. In contrast, lime and zeolite alone treatments could not maintain the optimal pH that led to reduce degradation and longer stabilization period. Only compost taken from Z10+O treatment could be classified as mature compost. The aim of the third study phase was to examine an optimal application rate of food waste compost produced from decentralized food waste composter for plant. A plant growth experiment was conducted in this phase to evaluate the change in soil properties and plant growth of Brassica chinensis and Lycopersicon esculentum. The experiment was conducted in a loamy soil amended with 0%, 2.5%, 5% and 10% food waste compost amendment rate compared to the control soil with chemical fertilizer amendment only. Results indicated that 5% was the optimal application rate of food waste compost for both crops among all treatments which can be evidenced by the highest biomass production and nutrients value of the plant tissues. Plant available nutrients such as NH4+, NO3-, PO43- were proportionally increased with increase in compost application rate. However, 2.5% of the food waste compost did not provide sufficient nutrients for plant growth and 10% showed negative effects due to increased salts content. Plants amended with chemical fertilizer had relatively low biomass production compared to compost amended treatments due to soil compaction and fast leaching of nutrients. It can be concluded that application of 10% zeolite with microbial consortium is an ideal composting mix formulation for on-site commercial composters and 5% is an optimal application rate of food waste compost of Brassica chinensis and Lycopersicon esculentum

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Francois, A. Joyce. "Composting phosphorus fertilizer with organic wastes to stablize the fertilizer against fixation by phosphate-fixing soils." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236297.

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Abu, Qdais Hani A. "Management of municipal solid waste composting process in hot climates." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242361.

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Mangum, Lauren Heard. "Treatment of Timtek process water by co-composting and aqueous phytoremediation." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2009. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04022009-101708.

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Mason, Ian George. "A study of power, kinetics, and modelling in the composting process." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1214.

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This thesis explores the roles of physical and mathematical modelling in the prediction of temperature profiles in the composting process. A literature-based evaluation of the performance of laboratory- and pilot scale composting reactors, showed that physical models used in composting research frequently do not properly simulate the full-scale composting environment, and may therefore produce results which are not applicable at full scale. In particular, self-heating, laboratory-scale, reactors typically involve significant convective/conductive/radiative losses, even with insulation present. This problem can be overcome by using controlled temperature difference or controlled heat flux laboratory reactors, which allow convective/conductive/radiative heat fluxes to be controlled to levels close to those occurring in full-scale systems. A new method of assessing the simulation performance of composting systems is presented. This utilises the areas bounded by the temperature-time profile and reference temperatures of 40 and 55 ℃ (A₄₀ and A₅₅), the times for which these temperatures are exceeded (t₄₀ and t₅₅), and times to peak temperature. An evaluation of published temperature profiles showed a marked difference in these parameters when comparing many laboratory- and full-scale reactors. The impact of aeration is illustrated, and laboratory- and pilot-scale reactors able to provide good temperature profile simulation, both qualitatively and quantitatively, are identified. Mathematical models of the composting process are reviewed and their ability to predict temperature profiles assessed. The most successful models in predicting temperature profiles have incorporated either empirical kinetic expressions, or utilised a first-order model, with empirical corrections for temperature and moisture. However, no temperature models have been able to predict maximum, average and peak temperatures to within 5, 2 and 2 ℃ respectively, or to predict the times to reach peak temperatures to within 8 h, although many models were able to successfully predict temperature profile shape characteristics. An evaluation of published constant-temperature and varying-temperature substrate degradation profiles revealed very limited evidence to support the application of single exponential, double exponential or non-logarithmic Gompertz functions in modelling substrate degradation kinetics, and this was identified as a potential weakness in the temperature prediction model. A new procedure for correcting substrate degradation profiles generated at varying temperature to a constant temperature of 40 ℃ was developed and applied in this analysis, and on experimental data generated in the present work. A new approach to the estimation of substrate degradation profiles in the composting process, based on a re-arrangement of the heat balance around a reactor, was developed, and implemented with both a simulated data set, and data from composting experiments conducted in a laboratory-scale constant temperature difference (CTD) reactor. A new simulated composting feedstock for use in these experiments was prepared from ostrich feed pellets, office paper, finished compost and woodchips. The new modelling approach successfully predicted the generic shape of experimental substrate degradation profiles obtained from CO2 measurements, but under the conditions and assumptions of the experiment, the profiles were quantitatively different. Both measured CO2-carbon (CO2-C) and predicted biodegradable volatile solids carbon (BVS-C) profiles were moderately to well fitted by single exponential functions with similar rate coefficients. When corrected to a constant temperature of 40 ℃, these profiles gave either multi-phase or double exponential profiles, depending upon the cardinal temperatures used in the temperature correction procedure. If it is assumed that the double exponential model generated is correct, this work provides strong evidence that a substrate degradation curve generated under appropriate laboratory conditions at 40 ℃ would, given the correct cardinal temperatures, generate a correct substrate degradation profile under varying temperature conditions, and that this in turn would enable an accurate and precise prediction of the temperature profile using a heat and mass balance approach. This finding opens the door for the development of a simple laboratory test for composting raw material characterisation, but underlines the need for accurate estimates of the physical cardinal temperatures. Experimental factors appear to be the likely cause of the dysfunction between previously reported substrate degradation patterns and existing substrate degradation models, and suggestions for further research are provided in order to more precisely and accurately quantify these factors.

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Christian, Archer H. "Municipal yard waste composting : process parameters, windrow gases, and leachate quality /." Thesis, This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-063549/.

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Wang, Xuan. "Nitrogen conservation by struvite formation during composting process with food wastes." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/201.

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Food waste as a dominant fraction of municipal solid waste was in most of cases buried in landfills creating a burden on big cities with large populations such as Hong Kong. Composting provided an environmentally viable technology to divert food waste to resource utilization for the production of valuable organic fertilizer. The main problem associated with food waste composting was the intensive acidification prior the commencement of the composting process, which is commonly adjusted by the addition of alkaline materials such as lime. However, more than 50% of the initial nitrogen will be lost as ammonia, which not just reduces the nutrient value of the compost but also leads to serious odour generation. Therefore the objective of this study was to develop means to reduce the nitrogen loss through struvite formation. The first experiment of this research investigated the feasibility of controlling the nitrogen loss through struvite formation during food waste composting. Struvite forms when magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) salts exist in equimolar ratio at a slightly alkaline pH. Thus to fix the ammonia, MgO and K2HPO4 were added to food waste indifferent molar ratios (P1, 0.05M/kg MgO and 0.05M/kg K2HPO4; P2, 0.05M/kg MgO and 0.1M/kg K2HPO4) to induce struvite formation that can fix the compost-borne ammonia during composting. The pH of the composting mass of P1 was below 5 for more than one. However, the pH of P2 was controlled in a narrow range from 6.8 to 8.7. This slightly alkaline pH ensured a good microbial activity and improved the degradation rate as well as the precipitation of struvite. In treatment P2, the formation of struvite effectively reduced the nitrogen loss from 40.8% to 23.3% when compared to treatment with lime amendment. However, electrical conductivity (EC) of the compost increased to 6.4 mS/cm due to the addition of Mg and P salts. High salinity of the compost retarded seed germination which required further investigation to reduce the salinity while maintaining good nitrogen removal. To overcome this issue, lime as the more effective alkaline amendment, was supplemented in different concentrations along with struvite salts (to P1 treatment having less Mg salt that could reduce the salinity) to alleviate the low pH and struvite formation. The pH of the composting masses were effectively increased with increasing lime dosages and 2.25% lime was sufficient to maintain the pH in alkaline condition that significantly improved the degradation of active organic compounds resulting in increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and soluble organic nitrogen (SON) contents. With 2.25% lime and struvite salts, ammonia emission was significantly reduced from 44.3 to 27.4% through struvite formation compared with lime alone treatment. Furthermore, the EC were also decreased from 5.21to 3.40 mS/cm when lime amendment rate increased from 0.75% to 3%. However, the ammonia emission increased with an increase in lime dosage. Interfering ions such as calcium and potassium were reported to affect the struvite formation and pH control. Therefore, in the subsequent experiment, the influence of different types of P salts was investigated to reduce the salinity as well as N loss. When K2HPO4, Na2HPO4 and H3PO4 were used as the supplementary P salts, there were no significant differences on nitrogen conservation. In addition, the results indicated that K+ and Na+ were attached on the surface of struvite rather than constituted the crystal structure. Compared with other P salts, the presence of K+ in K2HPO4 also made a contribution to total nutrient content that benefited the final product. When CaO was gradually substituted with MgO as pH amendment, ammonia emission was significantly reduced implying that Ca2+ ions would influence the struvite formation, either by competing for phosphate ions or by interfering with the crystallization. However, this negative effect could be ignored when the Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio was below 1:2. Considering the cost of MgO, supplementation of Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio at 1:2 (0.15M CaO and 0.3M MgO) with 0.05M K2HPO4 was identified as the optimum conditions (Treatment M0.3) that effectively reduced the nitrogen loss to 28% in contrast to 46% with lime addition. The significant reduction of ammonia emission through struvite formation was observed with the optimum condition that the odour unit (OU) of ammonia emission was reduced to 1.8×104 when compared with lime treatment (3.0×104) indicating a significant reduction of OIMAX (maximum odour index). Meanwhile, the well-controlled pH of this technology ensured the effective decomposition of organic matter that significantly reduced the emission of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) also. The population of total bacteria was also improved due to the addition of phosphate salts. The total nutrient content of struvite composts of treatment with optimum condition (M0.3) was 4.14% (1.5% N, 0.44% P and 2.2% K) that was higher than normal lime treated compost 2.92% (1.3% N, 0.34% P and 1.28% K). In pot experiment, soil was amended with composts at 0, 2.5%, 5% or 10% (w/w dry wt. basis). At the same application rate, the biomass yields of Chinese cabbage and cherry tomato plants were improved by struvite compost when compared tonormal compost. Considering the increasing salinity of soil with high application rate, the optimum dosage of 5% struvite compost is recommended. To conclude, a food waste composting technology was developed to achieve good nitrogen conservation and decomposition that alleviated odour issue and produced compost with higher nutrient contents, which increased its application value

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Robinson, J. J. "Composting of sewage sludge using aerated static piles under varying process conditions." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505923.

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Books on the topic "Composting process"

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Preston, Kurt T. Bench-scale remediation composting: Process principles and protocol. Vicksburg, Miss: U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, 1997.

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1929-, Epstein Eliot, and Alpert Joel E, eds. Composting municipal sludge: A technology evaluation. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Data Corp., 1988.

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Site selection process: composting. [Toronto, Ont.]: Dept. of Works, Solid Waste Management Divisi, 1990.

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The Rutgers strategy for composting: Process design and control. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.

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Minimisation of odour from composting of food waste through process optimisation. Nordic Council of Ministers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/tn2009-561.

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Composting Council (U.S.). and Louisiana Cooperative Extension Service, eds. Compost facility operating guide: A reference guide for composting facility and process management. Alexandria, VA: The Composting Council, 1994.

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Bioavailability, Leachability, Chemical Speciation and Bioremediation of Heavy Metals in the Process of Composting. Taylor & Francis Group, 2018.

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New York State Energy Research and Development Authority. and Cornell University, eds. Controlling odors and waste stabilization in composting systems through process design, analysis, and monitoring: Final report. Albany, N.Y: NYSERDA, 1999.

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Szucs, Julie Ann. The effects of explicit instruction in the compostion process of second language writing. 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Composting process"

1

Singh, Jiwan, and Ajay Kalamdhad. "Composting Process." In Bioavailability, Leachability, Chemical Speciation, and Bioremediation of Heavy Metals in the Process of Composting, 11–31. Boca Raton: CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429486395-2.

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Stentiford, Edward, and Marco de Bertoldi. "Composting: Process." In Solid Waste Technology & Management, 513–32. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470666883.ch34.

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Stentiford, E. I. "Composting Process." In The Science of Composting, 1037–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1569-5_99.

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Nielsen, Lars Krogsgaard. "The Compodan Composting Process Features Rapid Process Set-off, Uniform Process Conditions and a Built-in Biofilter." In The Science of Composting, 1251–53. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1569-5_153.

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Szmidt, R. A. K. "Review of Compost Process-control for Product Function." In Microbiology of Composting, 217–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08724-4_18.

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Silveira, A., and R. Ganho. "Improvement of the Composting Process." In The Science of Composting, 1339–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1569-5_172.

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Jeridi, Mouna, Amel Ayari-Akkari, Sazada Siddiqui, and K. K. Chaudhary. "Nematode Succession During Composting Process." In Soil Biology, 49–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39173-7_3.

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Fantoni, A., P. Muraro, C. Picco, and G. Zorzi. "Biodegradation of ‘Thiram’ in Composting Process." In The Science of Composting, 1152–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1569-5_130.

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Haug, Roger T. "Composting Plant Design and Process Management." In The Science of Composting, 60–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1569-5_7.

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Kubocz, T., and C. E. Grüneklee. "Microbial Succession in a Technical Composting Process." In The Science of Composting, 1193–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1569-5_139.

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Conference papers on the topic "Composting process"

1

Gironi, F., and V. Piemonte. "Development of a mathematical model for the composting process." In WASTE MANAGEMENT 2010. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wm100181.

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Abu-Bakar, Nurul-Ain, and Nazlina Ibrahim. "Indigenous microorganisms production and the effect on composting process." In THE 2013 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2013 Postgraduate Colloquium. AIP Publishing LLC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4858669.

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"ZINC IN CONTROLLED COMPOSTING PROCESS BASED ON ORGANIC WASTE." In 21st Century Watershed Technology Conference and Workshop Improving Water Quality and the Environment. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/wtcw.2016007.

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Liu, Qiang, Ling Chen, You Huang, Wuliang Cheng, and Jianfu Zhao. "Toxicity Evaluation of Sewage Sludge Before and After Composting Process." In 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2008.530.

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Kechaou, Nabil, and E. Ammar. "Biodrying process: a sustainable technology for treatment of municipal solid wastes organic fraction." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7842.

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Abstract:

The Municipal Solid Waste of Agareb (Sfax –Tunisia), characterized by high organic fraction and moisture contents is the most worrying pollution source that must be managed by innovative treatment and recycling technologies. Bio-drying, as a waste to energy conversion technology, aims at reducing moisture content of this organic matter. This concept, similar to composting, is accomplished by using the heat generated from the microbial degradation of the waste matrix, while forced aeration is used. The purpose of this work was to reduce the moisture content of the waste, by maximizing drying and minimizing organic matter biodegradation, in order to produce a solid recovered fuel with high calorific value.Keywords: Municipal solid wastes; organic matter; biodrying; composting; energy recovery.

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Janczak, Damian. "INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON CO2 EMISSION FROM SEWAGE SLUDGE COMPOSTING PROCESS." In 19th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference EXPO Proceedings. STEF92 Technology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2019v/4.2/s11.045.

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Sokolova, V., and G. Krusir. "RESEARCH OF THE INFLUENCE OF MICROBIOLOGICAL ADDITIVES ON THE COMPOSTING PROCESS." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2020: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. Minsk, ICC of Minfin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2020-1-298-302.

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Frank, Y. А., R. V. Perchenko, К. S. Savelieva, А. S. Trushina, and D. V. Antsiferov. "NOVEL BACTERIAL PRODUCER STRAINS FOR INTENSIVE COMPOSTING OF POULTRY LITTER." In STATE AND DEVELOPMENT PROSPECTS OF AGRIBUSINESS Volume 2. DSTU-Print, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23947/interagro.2020.2.240-243.

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Poultry waste composting in natural conditions is a rather slow process. Application of biological preparations based on thermo-tolerant and thermophilic microorganisms can intensify the compost maturation. Novel strains of thermophilic microorganisms — organic matter destructors — were isolated in the current work. The isolates were identified as representatives of Bacillus, Aneurinibacillus, Aeribacillus, and Ureibacillus genera. Isolated strains can be recommended for biological preparations to accelerate composting of poultry litter and other livestock farming waste.

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Nurhasanah, Santi Nurbaiti, Fida Madayanti, and Akhmaloka. "Amplification of thermostable lipase genes fragment from thermogenic phase of domestic waste composting process." In THE 5TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES. AIP Publishing LLC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4930748.

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Yuan, Haoran, Shiyou Xing, Tao Lu, Huhetaoli, Yong Chen, and Noriyuki Kobayashi. "Main organic pollutants migration and transformation laws in sewage sludge landfill and composting process." In International conference on Human Health and Medical Engineering. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/hhme131562.

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Reports on the topic "Composting process"

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Preston, Kurt T., Steven Seiden, and Kyoung S. Ro. Bench-Scale Remediation Composting: Process Principles and Protocol. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada323632.

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