Journal articles on the topic 'Compost workers'
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Phillips, M. S., A. A. Robinson, T. W. Higenbottam, and I. M. Calder. "Mushroom Compost Worker's Lung." Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 80, no. 11 (November 1987): 674–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/014107688708001105.
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This study draws attention to difficulties in the diagnosis and the understanding of the mechanism of action of mushroom compost worker's lung. Descriptions are given of 4 workers in one factory who developed acute respiratory failure within a 6-month period; 13 others who were unaffected were also studied. Serological investigation appears to be largely unhelpful, and the evidence against the condition being included amongst the extrinsic allergic alveolitides is discussed. A detailed clinical and occupational history is essential for diagnosis.
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Hamidi, Irfan. "DESCRIPTION OF PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS, CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIVIDUALS, USE OF PPE AND IRRITANT CONTACT DERMATITIS IN BRATANG COMPOST HOUSES." Indonesian Journal of Public Health 17, no. 3 (November 4, 2022): 418–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijph.v17i3.2022.418-428.
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Introduction: Compost house is one of the government's efforts to overcome the adverse effects of increasing the volume of waste; one of the large compost houses is the Bratang Compost House. One of the health risks faced by workers is irritant contact dermatitis. The purpose of this study was to individual characteristics and use of PPE with the incidence of irritant contact dermatitis in workers at the Bratang Compost House. Methods: The study was descriptive observational with a cross-sectional model. Calculation of RR values was used to see the characteristics of the relationship between the use of PPE and the incidence of irritant contact dermatitis in workers at the Bratang Compost House. Result: The results showed that there were 9 workers affected by irritant contact dermatitis and 6 workers who were not affected by irritant contact dermatitis. Most workers affected by irritant contact dermatitis were dominated by workers age less than 30 years old and have a service life of more than 5 years. The results of the calculation of RR values indicated that poor usage of PPE can increase the risk of developing irritant contact dermatitis. Conclusion: What needs to be done by workers is to increase awareness of the importance of occupational health and safety especially the usage of PPE. The thing that needs to be done by the manager of the compost house is to fix the physical environmental factors, conduct socialization of health risks in the workplace and provide PPE to improve the safety of workers.
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Heldal, Kari, Lene Madsø, and Wijnand Eduard. "Airway inflammation among compost workers exposed to actinomycetes spores." Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 22, no. 2 (May 11, 2015): 253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1152076.
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Anggraitya Dhera, Shenna Fielrantika. "HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK PEKERJA, KELENGKAPAN DAN HIGIENITAS APD DENGAN KEJADIAN DERMATITIS KONTAK (Studi Kasus Di Rumah Kompos Jambangan Surabaya)." Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 6, no. 1 (November 8, 2017): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v6i1.2017.16-26.
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Contact dermatitis is an inflammation of skin which is caused by a substance that sticks to somebody’s skin. The cause of contact dermatitis is physical factor, a substance of plants, and other chemicals. One of prevention contact dermatitis because of working is the usage of personal protection equipments like mask, gloves, goggles, shoes, and body protection. The objectives of this research was to analyze the relation between the characteristics of worker, the completeness and the hygiene of personal protection equipments with the contact dermatitis occurrence in the house of compost Jambangan Surabaya. The methodology of this research was observational using cross sectional approach. The target of this research was all workers who have worked in the house of compost Jambangan Surabaya as 21 people were taken by total sampling technique. The variable that was observed included contact dermatitis occurrence, gender, the history of skin allergy, age, knowledge, attitude, action, and the completeness of using personal protection equipments. The primer data was taken by interview with questionnaire paper and observation. The secondary data was taken from the house of compost Jambangan Surabaya. Then, data that was taken from questionnaire was analyzed by descriptive as the narration form. The result of this research explained that the completeness of using personal protection equipments by the worker have not completed yet and for the main characteristics of the worker was their knowledge. The conclusion was using complete personal protection equipments could prevent contact dermatitis of the worker in the house of compost Jambangan Surabaya. Keywords: Individual characteristics, Completeness and The hygiene of personal protection equipments, Contact dermatitis
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Sema, Alaki-Issi Massimapatom, Edem K. Koledzi, Nitale M’Balikine Krou, and Maglwa Tcha-Thom. "Etude comparée de la ventilation naturelle et automatique à l’aide de tuyaux perforés et du procédé classique de retournements des andains en compostage." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 15, no. 1 (April 21, 2021): 354–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v15i1.30.
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Sur la plateforme de compostage de l’ONG ENPRO, pour chaque tas de compost, cinq retournements sont nécessaires en vue d’apporter de l’air pour une bonne décomposition aérobie. Le retournement d’un seul tas de compost nécessite trois ouvriers pour une durée de trois heures. Donc, pour chaque fréquence de retournement, il faut mobiliser dix-sept ouvriers en une journée. Leur prise en charge pour les cinq retournements s’élève à 595000 FCFA. Face à ce coût élevé, la recherche d’alternatives de réduction du nombre d’ouvriers et du temps s’impose. La ventilation naturelle qui consiste à renouveler de l’air par des forces naturelles à travers des ouvertures, se présente comme la technique la plus optimiste. Ainsi, l’objectif de ce travail est d’optimiser la main d’œuvre et le temps accordé aux retournements. Cinq andains sont élaborés dont un standard et les quatre autres à ventilation naturelle. L’étude comparative des critères de maturité et de stabilité a montré des valeurs similaires pour les deux types de compost. Aussi, la ventilation naturelle a permis de réduire le nombre de retournements à deux et le nombre d’ouvriers à dix contre cinq et dix-sept pour le compostage standard puis le coût de prise en charge des ouvriers d’environ 25%.Mots clés : Compostage, retournement des andains, optimisation du temps, ventilation naturelle.
English title: Comparative study of natural and automatic ventilation using perforated pipes and the classic method of turning windrows in compostingOn the composting platform of the NGO ENPRO, for each pile of compost, five turns are necessary in order to provide air for good aerobic decomposition. Turning a single compost heap requires three workers for three hours. So, for each turnaround frequency, seventeen workers must be mobilized in one day. Their cost for the five turnarounds amounts to FCFA 595,000. Faced with this high cost, the search for alternatives to reduce the number of workers and time is essential. Natural ventilation, which consists of renewing air by natural forces through openings, is presented as the most optimistic technique. Thus, the objective of this work is to optimize the manpower and the time allocated to turnarounds. Five windrows are produced, one of which is standard and the other four have natural ventilation. The comparative study of the maturity and stability criteria showed similar values for the two types of compost. Also, natural ventilation has reduced the number of turnovers to two and the number of workers to ten against five and seventeen for standard composting and the cost of supporting workers by around 25%.
Keywords: composting, windrow turning, time optimization, natural ventilation
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Heldal, Kari Kulvik, Lars Barregard, and Dag G. Ellingsen. "Biomarkers of inflammation in workers exposed to compost and sewage dust." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 89, no. 5 (December 23, 2015): 711–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00420-015-1109-z.
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Al-Salhi, A. T. "EXTENSION ACTIVITIES PROVIDED TO RICE FARMERS IN RAISING THE AWARENESS FOR COMPOST MANUFACTURE IN AL-DIWANIYAH PROVINCE." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 51, no. 6 (December 23, 2020): 1678–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v51i6.1196.
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This study was aimed to determine extension activities provided to rice farmers in raising the awareness for compost manufacture in Al-Diwaniyah province and investigate the level of awareness of rice farmers in the field of compost manufacturing , as well as the problems facing farmers when manufacturing compost, mythology a questionnaire design to collect data from rice farmers during the 2018 . The research society consisted of the agricultural departments of the directorate of Agriculture in Al Diwaniyah province. A random sample was taken from rice farmers related to the agricultural departments in the Directorate of Agriculture with their (632) farmers, The results of this study inculcated that the level of awareness for the farmers in the manufacture of compost, The average tends to weak in their awareness, The role of the agricultural extension has also just through extension seminars, which is considered one of the most extension activities were used to rice farmers of compost manufacturing, In addition, there is an absence of workers in the field of composting of rice residues,It could be to pay adequate attention to the rice crop as a strategic crop through the utilization of its waste and the elimination of environmental pollution that occurs as a result of burning those waste.
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Al-Salhi, A. T. H. "EXTENSION ACTIVITIES PROVIDED TO RICE FARMERS IN RAISING THE AWARENESS FOR COMPOST MANUFACTURE IN AL-DIWANIYAH PROVINCE." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 52, no. 2 (April 19, 2021): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i2.1303.
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This study was aimed to determine extension activities provided to rice farmers in raising the awareness for compost manufacture in Al-Diwaniyah province and investigate the level of awareness of rice farmers in the field of compost manufacturing, as well as the problems facing farmers when manufacturing compost, mythology a questionnaire design to collect data from rice farmers during 2018 . The research society consisted of the agricultural departments of the directorate of Agriculture in Al Diwaniyah province. A random sample was taken from rice farmers related to the agricultural departments in the Directorate of Agriculture with their (632) farmers, The results of this study inculcated that the level of awareness for the farmers in the manufacture of compost, The average tends to weak in their awareness, The role of the agricultural extension has also just through extension seminars, which is considered one of the most extension activities were used to rice farmers of compost manufacturing, In addition, there is an absence of workers in the field of composting of rice residues, It could be to pay adequate attention to the rice crop as a strategic crop through the utilization of its waste and the elimination of environmental pollution that occurs as a result of burning those waste.
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van Kampen, Vera, Anja Deckert, Frank Hoffmeyer, Dirk Taeger, Elmar Brinkmann, Thomas Brüning, Monika Raulf-Heimsoth, and Jürgen Bünger. "Symptoms, Spirometry, and Serum Antibody Concentrations Among Compost Workers Exposed to Organic Dust." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 75, no. 8-10 (April 15, 2012): 492–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287394.2012.674918.
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Montoya, John E., Tina M. Waliczek, and Michael L. Abbott. "Large Scale Composting as a Means of Managing Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes)." Invasive Plant Science and Management 6, no. 2 (June 2013): 243–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-12-00013.1.
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AbstractThe intent of this study was to determine if composting is an effective means of managing water hyacinth while producing a quality horticultural compost product. Preliminary tests for the study included germination and seed mortality tests. Germination tests found that water hyacinth seeds germinated on filter paper media soaked in distilled water while placed in petri dishes held at a constant temperature of 27 C for 14 d. Seed mortality test results found that seeds of water hyacinth were rendered inviable at temperatures equal to or above 57 C. The study successfully developed a large-scale composting system that used water hyacinth as a primary feedstock. Eleven compost piles were derived from 10,000 kg of water hyacinth, 9,000 kg of food waste, 11,300 kg of poultry litter, and 17,200 kg of wood chips. Results indicated that the composting process reached and sustained sufficiently high enough temperatures to inactivate and fully decompose seeds and other propagules of water hyacinth. Therefore, water hyacinth can be composted without the potential danger of it spreading. Compost quality tests found that the compost produced was within acceptable to ideal ranges of accepted industry quality standards, though there was a learning curve by student workers in the preparation of the piles using the large equipment.
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Košarčić, Slavica, Mira Kovačević, and Nada Plavša. "ANIMAL WASTE MANAGEMENT – A PRACTICAL SOLUTION." Archives of Veterinary Medicine 2, no. 1 (June 29, 2009): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.46784/e-avm.v2i1.205.
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Management of animal waste, originating from agriculture and food production, has to be disposed in a safe, financially justified manner and practical solutions which are in accordance to EU regulations, have to be applied. According to the Regulation (EC) No 1774/2002 animal waste is categorized in three categories. Categorization of the waste is a precondition for proper and harmless treatment of waste from the aspect of public health and protection of the environment. The first category consists of dangerous matters that are disposed in an incinerator at 1200oC. The second and third category may be used in processing or in production of biogas and compost, but according to the prescribed procedures. This paper presents a practical solution in processing of animal waste of all three categories: building a composting facility and an incinerator. The composting facility consists of covered concrete plateau, boxes for composting, area for keeping the compost, roads for mechanization, premises for maintaining hygiene of workers, space for incinerator and a fence with a gate. This facility should be built according to the previously designed construction project. Safe management of animal waste is, according to this suggestion, possible because biodegradation is carried out by the help of commercial heterotrophic microorganisms and plants distributed in layers. Compost, originating from the litter on farms, is mixed with the compost that originates from animal waste. The obtained compost has to be analyzed on pathogen microorganisms and pedology composition and than used in crop production. It was concluded that this way of animal waste is safe, financially justified and according to the European regulations.
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Kolachi, Meer Muhammad, Ashfaque Ahmed Nahiyoon, Ghulam Nabi Sehto, and Babar Zaman. "Effect of Different Doses of Compost on Growth and Yield of Cotton." Biological Sciences - PJSIR 64, no. 3 (October 11, 2021): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.64.3.2021.283.287.
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Effect of Different Doses of Compost on Growth and Yield of Cotton
Cotton is main cash crop of Pakistan that is also called "white gold". Majority of farmers from Punjab and Sindh cultivate it and earn high value in market to improve their livelihood. It is very important crop for cotton industry and people because, it provide raw material to industry and job to workers who serve in this sector from sowing to harvesting,ginning to weaving and selling. Cotton sector play important role in National economy as it is also a rich source of edible oil. In current scenario, growing cotton is becoming costly due to use of expensive inputs. To play part in reducing input cost of cotton present study conducted. The study aimed to evaluate efficacy of compost developed from crop refuse at zero cost. For this purpose performance of three cotton varieties MNH 886, FH 142 and IR 901 checked at five doses100 Kg, 200 Kg, 300 Kg, 400 Kg and 500 Kg of compost per acre. Results revealed that MNH 886 performed good among all three varieties on all doses followed by FH 142 and IR 901 respectively. MNH 886 performed good than all others, where maximum seed germination recorded 72.67%, plant height 138.93 cm, root length 35.43 cm, numbers of branches11.56, numbers of bolls 45.78 and yield 1840 Kg per acre on 500 Kg compost per acre recorded.However, minimum seed germination 48.56%, plant height 93.02 cm, root length 25.24 cm, numbers of branches 8.67, numbers of bolls 11.89 and yield was recorded 1042 Kg on 100 Kg compost per acre. Same trend of maximum growth at 500 Kg and minimum at 100 Kg compost observed on FH142 and IR901.
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Rana, Dipika, and Anupam Bhatt. "Evaluation of socio-economic status of the skilled and unskilled workers of an organic farm of Himachal Pradesh, India- A case study." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 643–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i2.1755.
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In this study, an attempt was made to study the socio-economic status of the workers engaged in organic farming. The various healthy practices under organic farming like compost production, use of bio-pesticides, crop rotations, etc. increases soil health and quality of the food. The organic practices including Homa bhasm, Agnihotra and Biodynamic farming besides promoting healthy agriculture are expected to have seeming effects on behavioral aspects of the farm workers. However, apparently systemic information on social attributes of organic farm is still limited. The socio- economic aspects of an organic farm CSKHPKV, Palampur were documented through structured questionnaires. The data was analyzed by the use of indices, ratios and percentages. The various aspects as family structure and size, age distribution, caste structure, literacy level, occupational pattern, economic status behavioral aspects were evaluated. The skilled workers had nuclear family while unskilled workers had joint families, larger portion of workers in the organic farm belonged to younger age group (31 years), literacy index was high (4.32) in case of skilled workers while low (3.23) for unskilled workers. It was observed that in case of skilled workers majority of individuals were positively affected through increased farming knowledge, better wage rate, improved ethical and spiritual thinking while in case of unskilled workers no obvious positive reaction was observed for farming knowledge and wage rate though there was perceptible change in punctuality and spiritual thinking.
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Bunger, J. "Health complaints and immunological markers of exposure to bioaerosols among biowaste collectors and compost workers." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 57, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 458–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.57.7.458.
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Suparmin, Suparmin, Sugeng Abdullah, and Wahyu Putriyantari. "The use of Waste Sieving Tools to Support the Waste Composting Process In the Campus 7 of Health Polytechnic of Ministry of Health Semarang." Buletin Keslingmas 39, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/keslingmas.v39i4.6575.
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Introduction: Campus 7 Health Polytechnic of the Ministry of Health Semarang, is an educational institution that is integrated with a canteen, housing for lecturers and has an open area of 2.3 ha where organic waste is generated on average 4 m3 / week and an average of 0.85 inorganic waste m3 / week predominantly plastic. Campus 7 as an educational institution in which there is a Department of Environmental Health and has qualified human resources (HR) in the field of waste processing has pioneered a composter pilot unit with the run way method which is arranged in 10 basins. Based on the description above, the formulation of the problem in this study is to determine the effectiveness of the compost sieve engineering tool in supporting the waste processing process. Methods: Pre-experiment with Post Test Only Design research design. With the design of tools for comparing the results before and after using the tools used. This research was conducted at a waste processing place (composter) at Campus 7 Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang. The population in this study is all of the waste generation from campus 7 residents . The sample of this research is the waste contained in the final tub (10th) of compost processing, with a volume of 0.5-1 m3 / week. The data analysis used in this research is table analysis and the average value calculated from the results of sieving the waste. Result and discussion: Research and Development is a research method that uses to obtain or develop products and test the effectiveness of these products. The volume of waste from the end of final processing (tub 10) is around 531.2 liters (238.5 kg). The amount of plastic waste that was sorted manually was 176 lt (43.5 kg), so the amount of waste that needed to be sieved was around 355.2 liters (195 kg). Comparison of the results of manual sifting of waste takes about 75 minutes with 3 workers, it is obtained that the waste is separated into 3 parts as follows : Plastic waste by the size 5cm (24.5 kg), large compost waste by the size 5cm s. D 1 cm by 94.4 lt (53kg) and small compost by the size 1cm by 188.8 lt (117.5 kg). Sifting capability is approximately 4,74 lt/ minute (2.6 kg/ minute). Machine-sifting takes about 23 minutes with 2 workers, collected waste into 4 parts as follows: plastic trash by the size 5cm as much as 73.6 lt (33.05 kg), large composite waste and plastic D 2cm as much as 61% lt (27.39 kg), huge compost waste D 1 cm as much as 35 lt (15.715 kg) and a small compost measure 1cm as much as 185.6 lt (83.33 kg). The capability of sifting about 1544 lt/ minute (8.5 kg/ minute)
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Achdiyat and Siti Fatimah Annisa. "LEVEL OF FARMER PARTICIPATION IN THE UTILIZATION OF RICE PAPER WASTE AS A COMPOST." Jurnal Penyuluhan Pertanian 17, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.51852/jpp.v17i2.527.
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The population of Tambaksari District is only about 20% of farmers who use straw as compost, there is a need for farmer participation in dealing with agricultural waste issues, especially rice straw as compost fertilizer. This study is to: Describe the level of participation of the utilization of straw waste, and factors related to the level of participation of farmers. The activity was carried out in Tambaksari Subdistrict, Ciamis Regency, from April to July 2019. Determination of the sample was carried out randomly using the Slovin formula and obtained 55 respondents. The results of the study, the level of participation of farmers included in the category of "high" that is 94.5%, internal factors associated with the level of participation of farmers is the area of land. Meanwhile, external factors related to the level of participation of farmers are the role of extension workers as facilitators, motivators and initiators, availability of facilities and infrastructure, and availability of information. Opportunities are the "lowest" indicator of farmer participation. The level of farmer participation in this assessment falls into the "high" category. Internal factors related to the level of farmer participation are land area. External factors related to the level of farmer participation are the role of extension workers, the availability of infrastructure, and the availability of information. To increase farmers' participation, a demonstration plot is needed. So that it can be used as an extension material but adapted to the conditions and needs of farmers.
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Demange, Valérie, Coralie Barrera, Audrey Laboissière, Philippe Duquenne, Xavier Simon, Laurence Millon, Gabriel Reboux, and Michel Grzebyk. "Effects of plant features on symptoms and airway inflammation in compost workers followed over 18 months." Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health 75, no. 4 (March 18, 2019): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2019.1584086.
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Douwes, Jeroen, Inge Wouters, Helianthe Dubbeld, L�anne van Zwieten, Peter Steerenberg, Gert Doekes, and Dick Heederik. "Upper airway inflammation assessed by nasal lavage in compost workers: A relation with bio-aerosol exposure." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 37, no. 5 (May 2000): 459–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(200005)37:5<459::aid-ajim2>3.0.co;2-j.
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Sobieraj, Karolina, Sylwia Stegenta-Dąbrowska, Jacek A. Koziel, and Andrzej Białowiec. "Modeling of CO Accumulation in the Headspace of the Bioreactor during Organic Waste Composting." Energies 14, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051367.
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Advanced technologies call for composting indoors for minimized impact on the surrounding environment. However, enclosing compost piles inside halls may cause the accumulation of toxic pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO). Thus, there is a need to assess the occupational risk to workers that can be exposed to CO concentrations > 300 ppm at the initial stage of the process. The objectives were to (1) develop a model of CO accumulation in the headspace of the bioreactor during organic waste composting and (2) assess the impact of headspace ventilation of enclosed compost. The maximum allowable CO level inside the bioreactor headspace for potential short-term occupational exposure up to 10 min was 100 ppm. The composting was modeled in the horizontal static reactor over 14 days in seven scenarios, differing in the ratio of headspace-to-waste volumes (H:W) (4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4). Headspace CO concentration exceeded 100 ppm in each variant with the maximum value of 36.1% without ventilation and 3.2% with the daily release of accumulated CO. The airflow necessary to maintain CO < 100 ppmv should be at least 7.15 m3·(h·Mg w.m.)−1. The H:W > 4:1 and the height of compost pile < 1 m were less susceptible to CO accumulation.
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N., El-Laithy, Abbas A., El-Hawary A., Sabik M., Eassa M., and El-Sebaey *. A. "IMMUNE, REPRODUCTIVE, AND CYTOGENETIC CHANGES AMONG WASTE INCINERATION WORKERS AT THE COMPOST FERTILIZER PLANT IN ZAGAZIG CITY." Egyptian Journal of Occupational Medicine 31, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 163–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejom.2007.624.
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Di Piazza, Simone, Jos Houbraken, Martin Meijer, Grazia Cecchi, Bart Kraak, Ester Rosa, and Mirca Zotti. "Thermotolerant and Thermophilic Mycobiota in Different Steps of Compost Maturation." Microorganisms 8, no. 6 (June 11, 2020): 880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060880.
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Composting is a complex process in which various micro-organisms, mainly fungi and bacteria, are involved. The process depends on a large number of factors (biological, chemical, and physical) among which microbial populations play a fundamental role. The high temperatures that occur during the composting process indicate the presence of thermotolerant and thermophilic micro-organisms that are key for the optimization of the process. However, the same micro-organisms can be harmful (allergenic, pathogenic) for workers that handle large quantities of material in the plant, and for end users, for example, in the indoor environment (e.g., pots in houses and offices). Accurate knowledge of thermotolerant and thermophilic organisms present during the composting stages is required to find key organisms to improve the process and estimate potential health risks. The objective of the present work was to study thermotolerant and thermophilic mycobiota at different time points of compost maturation. Fungi were isolated at four temperatures (25, 37, 45, and 50 °C) from compost samples collected at five different steps during a 21-day compost-maturation period in an active composting plant in Liguria (northwestern Italy). The samples were subsequently plated on three different media. Our results showed a high presence of fungi with an order of magnitude ranging from 1 × 104 to 3 × 105 colony-forming units (CFU) g−1. The isolated strains, identified by means of specific molecular tools (ITS, beta-tubulin, calmodulin, elongation factor 1-alpha, and LSU sequencing), belonged to 45 different species. Several thermophilic species belonging to genera Thermoascus and Thermomyces were detected, which could be key during composting. Moreover, the presence of several potentially harmful fungal species, such as Aspergillus fumigatus, A. terreus, and Scedosporium apiospermum, were found during the whole process, including the final product. Results highlighted the importance of surveying the mycobiota involved in the composting process in order to: (i) find solutions to improve efficiency and (ii) reduce health risks.
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Zhukorskyi, O., Ye Kryvokhyzha, S. Mazur, and N. Boltik. "Analysis of energy efficiency of production of compost from manure of cattle." Balanced nature using, no. 2 (April 4, 2022): 100–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.33730/2310-4678.2.2022.261258.
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Organic fertilizer is a source of necessary for agricultural plants macro-, microelements and carbon dioxide. Due to their gradual mineralization nutrients enter the plants during the whole period of vegetation. In the production, in particular organic fertilizers, the main factor determining profitability is the effective use of energy. The aim of the work was carry out analysis of energy efficiency of production of compost and vermicompost from manure of cattle. Research materials was data of technical information, scientific literature for technologies of composting and vermicomposting manure of cattle, Internet information and the results of own research. Energy efficiency of producing organic fertilizer from animal waste was determined by the method of direct cost of energy. It was determined that at the production of compost and vermicompost from manure of cattle, to a great degree, using energy of diesel fuel (98.3%). A small percentage is occupied by energy of workers (1.7%). It is established, that at the production of compost from manure of cattle consumption of energy, in particular diesel fuel and human accounts for 0.39±0.08 MJ/kg. The most energy-intensive production processes are mixing of compost and watering his water, which is spent 0.17±0.05 MJ/kg. Less energy-intensive: transporting of manure and formation of stacks (0.06±0.01 MJ/kg); filling a container with water and its transporting (0.07±0.01 MJ/kg); covering of stacks, drying and packing of compost (0.11±0.02 MJ/kg). When preparing of 1 kg of substrate from manure of cattle for later vermicultivation consumption of energy (diesel fuel and human) amounted to 0.16±0.04 MJ. During the process of vermicultivation, consumption of energy amounted to 0.41±0.08 MJ/kg. During vermicomposting, more energy is spent on mixing of stacks and watering their water 0.23±0.07 MJ/kg. Less energy-intensive such production processes as: formation of vermi bed and colonization of their vermiculture (0.07±0.01 MJ/kg); separating of worms from vermicompost and drying of biohumus (0.07±0.01MJ/kg); covering of stacks and packing of biohumus (0.05±0.1 MJ/kg). At the production of 1 kg of vermicompost, consumption of energy amounted to 0.57±0.12 MJ, worth 0.87±0.12 UAH. At the production of organic fertilizers through composting, consumption of energy is reduced of an average of 31.6% and its cost by 26.4%.
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Maksuk and Lukman. "Pendampingan Kader Puskesmas Dalam Pengelolaan Limbah Rumah Tangga Sebagai Kompos." Dinamisia : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 4, no. 4 (September 4, 2020): 643–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31849/dinamisia.v4i4.4159.
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The cadres of public health center have an important role in managing of households in the community, therefore it is important to improve skills to manage such waste so that the waste can be utilized and beneficial. The method of managing household waste in this activity uses the concept of Pilah – Kumpul - Manfaat - Untung (PKMU) to reduce the volume of household waste and provide benefits to the community. Participants involved in this activity were health workers, kader of community health centers and the community of RT 14 and RT 33. The Achievement targets in this activity were to improve the ability of health workers and cadres to manage of household waste, use of household waste for the planting of medicinal plants, families and the formation of independent care working groups for batra activities in health center and the formation of waste bank managers. The results of this activity show that cadres and the community can use household waste as compost, in addition, household waste such as plastic can be reused. The follow up of this activity is the formation of a waste bank manager at the location of the activity.
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Andrianisa, Harinaivo A., Fanilo M. Randriatsiferana, Serge L. Rakotoson, and Fanja Rakotoaritera. "Socio-economic integration of the informal recycling sector through an NGO intervention at the Andralanitra dumpsite in Antananarivo, Madagascar." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 36, no. 1 (November 16, 2017): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x17739971.
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The social status improvement and the degree of integration of the informal recycling sector, by using InteRa, made by the AKAMASOA association interventions at the Andralanitra dumpsite (Antananarivo, Madagascar) was assessed. 20% of the workers from the three activities at the site were interviewed: 325 scavengers, 12 compost producers and three soap manufacturers. It was found that the incomes of Andralanitra workers are relatively low compared to that of people working in the same field in other countries (30–60 USD/month). However, with the social support from AKAMASOA, their living conditions were greatly improved, allowing them to own their house, have access to water and sanitation facilities and send their children to school or subscribe to health insurance and bank savings. Though they do not experience the common socio-economic issues faced by informal workers at dumpsites and their works are highly appreciated by the solid waste management (SWM) stakeholders, there is no official planned intervention to formalise their situation. Thus, InteRa has shown low scores in SWM and organisational interfaces and high scores in materials/value chain and social interfaces. AKAMASOA actions are good examples of successful NGO interventions to improve the dumpsites’ informal recycling social status. The findings suggest that full integration into the SWM system should be supported by municipalities through the setting of policy and regulations on the access to dumpsites and the exploitation of the wastes.
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Kalahasthi, RaviBabu, HR Rajmohan, Pavitra Narendranan, and Adithya Pradyumna. "Serum total immunoglobin-E and health hazards in workers involved in land fill and compost areas of hazardous waste management plants." Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 16, no. 1 (2012): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0019-5278.99681.
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Hoffmeyer, Frank, Vera van Kampen, Dirk Taeger, Anja Deckert, Nina Rosenkranz, Marita Kaßen, Agnès Schantora, Thomas Brüning, Monika Raulf, and Jürgen Bünger. "Prevalence of and relationship between rhinoconjunctivitis and lower airway diseases in compost workers with current or former exposure to organic dust." Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 21, no. 4 (November 26, 2014): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/12321966.1129919.
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Gutarowska, B., J. Skóra, L. Stępień, M. Twarużek, A. Błajet-Kosicka, A. Otlewska, and J. Grajewski. "Estimation of fungal contamination and mycotoxin production at workplaces in composting plants, tanneries, archives and libraries." World Mycotoxin Journal 7, no. 3 (January 1, 2014): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2013.1640.
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The aim of this research was to estimate fungal contamination at workplaces in composting plants, tanneries, libraries and archives. The influence of raw material processed or stored at these workplaces (compost, leather, cellulose) on the toxigenicity and cytotoxicity of fungi was also investigated. Qualitative and quantitative mycological analysis confirmed a high contamination in composting plants and tanneries, while materials in archives and libraries were less contaminated. Among the 74 fungal species present in the studied work environments, 15 species were identified as useful indicators of microbial contamination based on their presence at the workplace, frequency of occurrence and harmfulness to health. For nine Aspergillus and Penicillium isolates, identification was confirmed on the basis of molecular techniques, i.e. internal transcribed spacer region and β-tubulin gene sequencing, and the obtained nucleotide sequences were deposited into the NCBI GenBank Database. Five strains were cytotoxic to swine kidney cells. Strains of Aspergillus fumigatus originating from a composting plant produced large quantities of fumitremorgin C, fumiquinazoline F, fumagillin, fumigaclavine, helvolic acid, methylsulochrin, pyripyropene A, brevianamid F, verruculogen and others, as analysed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. In the case of Penicillium chrysogenum originating from a tannery, meleagrin, secalonic acid D, roquefortine C, emodin and other metabolites were detected. These findings confirmed the hypothesis that these species may be a health risk factor to workers. Interestingly, the presence of compost extract, leather or cellulose in the culture medium apparently affected the ability of the selected fungi to produce (cytotoxic) mycotoxins.
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Cardoza, Yasmin J., Gabriel K. Harris, and Christina M. Grozinger. "Effects of Soil Quality Enhancement on Pollinator-Plant Interactions." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/581458.
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Both biotic and abiotic factors can affect soil quality, which can significantly impact plant growth, productivity, and resistance to pests. However, the effects of soil quality on the interactions of plants with beneficial arthropods, such as pollinators, have not been extensively examined. We studied the effects of vermicompost (earthworm compost, VC) soil amendment on behavioral and physiological responses of pollinators to flowers and floral resources, using cucumbers,Cucumis sativus, as our model system. Results from experiments conducted over three field seasons demonstrated that, in at least two out of three years, VC amendment significantly increased visit length, while reducing the time to first discovery. Bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) workers that fed on flowers from VC-amended plants had significantly larger and more active ovaries, a measure of nutritional quality. Pollen fractions of flowers from VC-grown plants had higher protein compared to those of plants grown in chemically fertilized potting soil. Nectar sugar content also tended to be higher in flowers from VC-grown plants, but differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion, soil quality enhancement, as achieved with VC amendment in this study, can significantly affect plant-pollinator interactions and directly influences pollinator nutrition and overall performance.
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Sari, Mega Mutiara, Takanobu Inoue, Regil Kentaurus Harryes, Kuriko Yokota, Iva Yenis Septiariva, Sapta Suhardono, Shigeru Kato, Suprihanto Notodarmojo, Stacia Dea Prameswari, and I. Wayan Koko Suryawan. "Decision Analysis of the Composting Unit at Pluit Emplacement, Jakarta Using the Open Bin, Windrow, and Static Pile Methods for Biodegradable Waste." Jurnal Presipitasi : Media Komunikasi dan Pengembangan Teknik Lingkungan 19, no. 1 (February 10, 2022): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/presipitasi.v19i1.89-98.
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Indonesian marine debris of aquatic waste in Jakarta is managed by the UPK of the Water Agency, one of which is the Pluit Employment. Several composting methods can be used and adapted to the available circumstances and needs. The composting process is carried out by utilizing the supply of oxygen, nutrients, water, and temperature control. This study aims to analyze the selection of alternative composting systems that can be carried out for planning the composting unit at Pluit Employment. Selection analysis was carried out using the Utility Theory and Compromise program methods. Alternative 1: This alternative uses a composting system using an open bin. Alternative 2 uses a simple windrow system with garbage piled up without heavy equipment during operation. Alternative 3 uses a composting system with a static pile system with a machine turning it over. In the composting method chosen, alternative 2. The distance between compost for workers' movement space, it can reach 1 m as in the TPS 3R Technical instructions, that because it does not use machines, the land used for machine movement is reduced. Limited land can be utilized for the amount of windrow so that the amount of processed waste can be more significant.
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Ruskandar, Ade, Elis Septianingrum, and Widyantoro Widyantoro. "ANALISIS FAKTOR – FAKTOR PRODUKSI USAHATANI PADI GOGO DI KABUPATEN KEBUMEN." Agroswagati Jurnal Agronomi 7, no. 1 (April 20, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33603/agroswagati.v7i1.2845.
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The efforts to increase rice production is still focused on irrigated paddy field, especially by intesification. On the other hand, there are other land resources, such as dry land that can be used for rice extensification by cultivating upland rice. Dry land area in Kebumen regency reaches 88.364 ha. This number gives a significant meaning to the total rice production in Kebumen. The objective of the study was to investigate the variability of the farming bussiness and the factors influencing upland rice production in Mirit district, Kebumen regency. The variability of farming bussiness in the regency could be seen from several thing. Upland rice varieties (Inpago 8, Situ Bagendit, dan Situ Patenggang) used in one planting cropping pattern per year. Planting was carried out by tugal (3-4 seeds/hole). Seeds used were non-labeled and produced from government assistance of farmers’ group. Manpower was needed at land cultivation, planting, harvesting, threshing, and drying of the paddy. The workforce mostly were men and came from farmer’s family. The women were only utilitized on planting activity. F test showed that the number of workers, seeds, urea, SP, and KCl, NPK, compost fertilizer, and seeds’ type were simultaneously affecting production result and t-test indicated that the number of SP, NPK, and manure fertilizer partially affecting the production of upland rice.
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Ruskandar, Ade, Elis Septianingrum, and Widyantoro Widyantoro. "ANALISIS FAKTOR – FAKTOR PRODUKSI USAHATANI PADI GOGO DI KABUPATEN KEBUMEN." Agroswagati Jurnal Agronomi 7, no. 1 (April 20, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33603/agroswagati.v7i1.2845.
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The efforts to increase rice production is still focused on irrigated paddy field, especially by intesification. On the other hand, there are other land resources, such as dry land that can be used for rice extensification by cultivating upland rice. Dry land area in Kebumen regency reaches 88.364 ha. This number gives a significant meaning to the total rice production in Kebumen. The objective of the study was to investigate the variability of the farming bussiness and the factors influencing upland rice production in Mirit district, Kebumen regency. The variability of farming bussiness in the regency could be seen from several thing. Upland rice varieties (Inpago 8, Situ Bagendit, dan Situ Patenggang) used in one planting cropping pattern per year. Planting was carried out by tugal (3-4 seeds/hole). Seeds used were non-labeled and produced from government assistance of farmers’ group. Manpower was needed at land cultivation, planting, harvesting, threshing, and drying of the paddy. The workforce mostly were men and came from farmer’s family. The women were only utilitized on planting activity. F test showed that the number of workers, seeds, urea, SP, and KCl, NPK, compost fertilizer, and seeds’ type were simultaneously affecting production result and t-test indicated that the number of SP, NPK, and manure fertilizer partially affecting the production of upland rice.
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Siregar, Ameilia Zuliyanti, Nurliana Harahap, Mahmudah Mahmudah, and Libra Oktavianus. "PERAN PENYULUH DALAM PENERAPAN PERTANIAN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN DI KECAMATAN HILIRAN GUMANTI KABUPATEN SOLOK PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian 28, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.55259/jiip.v28i2.643.
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Farmers in Hiliran Gumanti District still often use pesticides and other inorganic materials. Farmers' knowledge in environmentally friendly agriculture is still relatively low because they have not been able to optimize the existing potential, utilizing rice straw as the basic material for making compost. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of extension workers and analyze the factors that influence the role of extension workers in the application of environmentally friendly agriculture in March-July 2021 in Hiliran Gumanti District, Solok Regency, West Sumatra Province. Furthermore, the descriptive analysis method with a quantitative approach was carried out from a questionnaire instrument distributed to 624 farmers, 33 poktan and 6 urban villages. Then test the validity and reliability of the data collected. The results showed that the results of the validity test on the questionnaire stated that 30 items were valid questionnaire statements, 5 were invalid spread over several variables. While the reliability test data shows that all of these variables can be said to be reliable and can be tested for consistency. This is because the Cronbach's Alpha value of the total rdata > rtable. It is necessary to provide assistance to farmers so that innovations in organic rice cultivation can be implemented properly, in addition to the role of extension workers are expected to regularly hold meetings and discussions with farmers so that the level of knowledge of farmers increases. Keywords: extension, farmers, environmentally friendly ABSTRAK Petani di Kecamatan Hiliran Gumanti masih sering menggunakan pestisida dan bahan anorganik lainnya. Pengetahuan petani dalam pertanian ramah lingkungan masih terbilang rendah karena belum mampu mengoptimalkan potensi yang ada, memanfaatkan jerami padi sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan pupuk kompos. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis peran penyuluh dan menganalisis faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi peran penyuluh dalam penerapan pertanian ramah lingkungan pada bulan Maret-Juli 2021 di Kecamatan Hiliran Gumanti, Kabupaten Solok, Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Selanjutnya metode deskriptif analisis dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dilakukan dari instrumen kuesioner dibagikan kepada 624 petani, 33 poktan dan 6 kelurahan. Kemudian dilakukan uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas data yang dikumpulkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil uji validitas terhadap kuesioner dinyatakan 30 item pernyataan kuesioner valid, 5 tidak valid tersebar pada beberapa variabel. Sedangkan data uji reliabilitas menunjukkan semua variabel tersebut dapat dikatakan reliabel dan dapat teruji kekonsistenannya. Hal ini karena nilai Cronbach’s Alpha dari keseluruhan rdata >rtabel. Perlu dilakukannya pendampingan terhadap petani agar inovasi budidaya padi sawah secara organik dapat diterapkan dengan baik, di samping peran penyuluh diharapkan rutin mengadakan pertemuan dan diskusi dengan petani sehingga tingkat pengetahuan petani bertambah. Kata kunci: penyuluhan, petani, ramah lingkungan
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Hasbullah, Hasbullah, Taufik Ashar, and Nurmaini Nurmaini. "ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH DI KOTA SUBULUSSALAM." JUMANTIK (Jurnal Ilmiah Penelitian Kesehatan) 4, no. 2 (August 11, 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.30829/jumantik.v4i2.4147.
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<p align="center"><strong><em>ABSTRACT</em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em>Waste is the outcome and activities of human beings. Its existence cannot be avoided so that it has to be managed well because unhygienic waste will cause environmental pollution. There are 126 cubic meters of waste per day transported to the garbage dump in Subulussalam with 42% of services of the total of 542 cubic meters per day. The objective of the research was to analyze Waste Management in Subulussalam, in 2017.</em></p><p><em>The research used descriptive method by conducting in-depth interviews with 10 respondents.</em><em> The data were obtained from the Sanitation Agency and gathered by using questionnaires, observation, and documentary study.</em></p><p><em>The result of the research showed that organic waste (70%) was more than the waste from batteries (0.02%). The income and retribution obtained</em><em> from waste management</em><em> in Subulussalam increase</em><em>d to 25.2% each year. Facility and infrastructure indicated that waste transportation from the people’s homes used pushcarts (69.2%) since their houses were far from the main street and served by workers manually, while 30.7% were transported by garbage trucks.</em></p><p><em>It is recommended that the City Administration promote the program which encourages waste recycling in order to decrease the waste volumes to the garbage dump and encourage compost making program, the stem of discriminating, collecting, transporting, and dumping waste by adding garbage trucks and workers. </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords: Analysis, Waste Management, Landfill</em></strong><em></em></p>
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Kristina, Helena Juliana, Agustina Christiani, Ishak Ishak, and Meli Puspitasari. "Ergonomi Partisipasi dalam Memprediksi Tingkat Kesediaan untuk Perubahan Kualitas Hidup Keluarga Tukang Sampah/Pemulung." Jurnal Rekayasa Sistem Industri 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26593/jrsi.v7i1.2672.21-30.
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<p><em>Bintara – Bekasi is one area where garbage becomes a source of living for people staying in that area. There are approximately 200 families living in Bintara traditional material recovery site. This facility is managed by 10 bosses, who rent land to collect trash. Each boss manages 17 -20 families. Their main jobs are scavengers and trash collectors in the neighbourhood area. The type of this research is experimental research, because there are no available data yet so that data have to be created first. The result of this research can be used to develop innovation in order to increase the quality of life of the trash collectors community.</em><em>Total participants are 14 families who have been working as scavengers for more than 5 years in Bintara</em><em>. The first questionnaires were developed to measure attitude, intention and behavior to have a changing quality of life, based on the theory of reasoned action. The second questionnaires were developed to predict the level of knowledge, orientation and motivation of participants. The first part of education theme consisted of four modules: </em><em>biopore absorption hole, making compost and local microorganism , handicraft from recycled materials and planting vegetable seed in used plastic container. The second education materials are delivered into several scenarios, including: together nurturing the material recovery site as the economic source of families, together nurturing the surrounding environment for the health of community</em><em>, together maintaining good attitude (greet and respect each other, willingness to listen, eagerness to learn, willingness to cooperate, and openess), occupational safety and health as well as the concept of separating organic and inorganic waste at the source. The implementation of these modules was quite successful because the participants were willing to follow the education process and participate actively. Overall, the </em><em>attitude, intention and behavior</em><em> of the participants on education process were strongly positive, although there were decreasing score on the final measurement. The decreasing score was influenced by the education process that has been conducted before, because some participants were facing difficulties in implementing the education materials in their daily lives, they were reluctant due to extra energy needed to implement it, and the hot environment that makes them feel tired rapidly. The family background of the participants were farm workers in Karawang and Indramayu, where they thought farm workers were more difiicult to make a living. They considered that being scavengers and trash collectors gave them more economic benefit , so that they do not want to do any more work related to cultivate soils and planting crops.</em></p>
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Langa, Rogério, Armindo Cambule, Felicidade Jorge, Américo Uaciquete, Gabriel Barros, and Neid Ali Ferreira. "Managing Cashew Rootstock Grafting Size Through Organic Fertilizers." Journal of Agricultural Studies 9, no. 3 (August 8, 2021): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jas.v9i3.17693.
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Seed born cashew (Anacardium occidentale L) seedlings are planted directly when they are produced from polyclonal orchards. In a common scenario, cashew seedlings are grafted before transplanting. For this purpose, adjusting the size between scions and rootstock is highly important for the success of grafts and it can be achieved through a visual selection of scions. However, when working with large numbers of seedlings physical and visual selection becomes laborious and time consuming for the workers. Therefore, creating uniformity in seedlings size before grafting is crucial. We present experimental results showing the linear regression between the fertilization level and seedling stem size. Two experiments were conducted in Mozambique: One at Nassuruma cashew Research Station, Nampula province, following a Completely Randonmized Block Design (CRBD), seven treatments, ten bags per treatment and five replicates. The treatments consisted of a fertilizer organically composted from cashew nut shells and applied at rates of 0, 4, 8, 16, 32, 40 and 48% of the total amount of soil in each bag. The second experiment was carried out at Chizavane nursery, in Gaza Province, also based on CRBD, in factorial arrangement of 4 and 3 levels of Kelp and Stimu biofertilizers respectively. Two stem size variables, diameter and height, were considered and data collected at 120 days after seedlings emergence in Nampula and 45 days after emergence in Gaza Province. Polynomial or simple regression analysis model for stem diameter and plant height was performed. The stem diameter was linearly described as an increasing equation. The height was also linearly related to fertilizer but following a decreased equation. We concluded that applying appropriate dosage of fertilizer in the soil or on the leaves could adjust the stem size of the rootstock required for grafting and therefore adjust the stem to the size of scions available. The treatments with high level of Kelp, Stimu and cashew compost fertilization resulted in increase of 8,5%, 6% and 16,6% of diameter respectively. However, the treatments caused a reduction of height at rate of 14,3%, 3,2% and 25,08% respectively. The stem and scion size adjustment are highly important for increasing the grafting success rate in a cashew nursery.
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Pekarčik, Peter. "Kompozytor Peter Machajdík – życie i twórczość." Edukacja Muzyczna 13 (2018): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/em.2018.13.05.
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Lau, Joseph C. Y., and Catherine C. H. Chiu. "Accessibility of workers in a compact city:." Habitat International 28, no. 1 (March 2004): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-3975(03)00015-8.
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Vogt, Jeffrey S. "The Bangladesh Sustainability Compact: An Effective Tool for Promoting Workers’ Rights?" Politics and Governance 5, no. 4 (December 14, 2017): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v5i4.1093.
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The impetus for the Bangladesh Sustainability Compact was the Rana Plaza industrial disaster, which took the lives of roughly 1,200 garment workers and injured twice. The Compact required the fulfilment of several time-bound commitments by the Bangladesh government in two key areas—labour law reform and protection of the right to freedom of association and ensuring fire and building safety. The EU heralded the Compact as an innovative, multilateral approach to encourage its trade partners to comply with ILO core labour rights. The editors of this issue of Politics and Governance asked the contributing authors to examine effectiveness of trade and labour standards and to consider alternative mechanisms to advance workers’ rights. Specifically, they queried whether the Compact could be considered a new and effective alternative model. This hope appears misplaced.
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Lin, Christopher, Mausam Mausam, and Daniel Weld. "Dynamically Switching between Synergistic Workflows for Crowdsourcing." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 26, no. 1 (September 20, 2021): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v26i1.8121.
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To ensure quality results from unreliable crowdsourced workers, task designers often construct complex workflows and aggregate worker responses from redundant runs. Frequently, they experiment with several alternative workflows to accomplish the task, and eventually deploy the one that achieves the best performance during early trials. Surprisingly, this seemingly natural design paradigm does not achieve the full potential of crowdsourcing. In particular, using a single workflow (even the best) to accomplish a task is suboptimal. We show that alternative workflows can compose synergistically to yield much higher quality output. We formalize the insight with a novel probabilistic graphical model. Based on this model, we design and implement AGENTHUNT, a POMDP-based controller that dynamically switches between these workflows to achieve higher returns on investment. Additionally, we design offline and online methods for learning model parameters. Live experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk demonstrate the superiority of AGENTHUNT for the task of generating NLP training data, yielding up to 50% error reduction and greater net utility compared to previous methods.
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McWha-Hermann, Ishbel, Leo Marai, Malcolm MacLachlan, and Stuart C. Carr. "Developing Evidence-Based Alternatives to Dual Salary Systems." International Perspectives in Psychology 10, no. 4 (October 2021): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2157-3891/a000023.
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Abstract. The United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 8.5 aims to “achieve equal pay for work of equal value” globally by 2030. This goal conflicts with a widespread and continuing practice of paying skilled workers from higher-income economies working in lower-income settings more than their host worker counterparts. This brief summarizes research that has found that dual salaries undermine host colleagues' sense of wage justice, work motivation, and team relations. At organizational levels, they fuel turnover, increase brain drain, and reduce mental well-being of workers. Higher ratios fuel a “double demotivation” – extending to international staff who overrate their own abilities and reduce their effort at work. International, multisector evidence shows conventional dual salaries to be neither compatible nor to align with the SDGs. Organizational options for meeting SDG 8.5 identified in civil society groups include reducing dual salary ratios and implementing single salary systems at a national level. We offer three macro policy frameworks (Project Fair's Principles and Standards of INGO Fair Reward, the UN Global Compact, and OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises) that can serve to render salary systems more facilitative of the SDGs and the Decent Work Agenda.
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Bogdanchikova, Tatiana Yurievna, and Natalia Valentinovna Khokhlova. "INFORMAL MICROTOPONYMS AS MARKERS OF WORKERS’ PROFESSIONAL CORPORATE CULTURE." Globus 8, no. 1(66) (February 4, 2022): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.52013/2658-5197-66-1-11.
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The paper deals with informal microtoponyms which are a part of Severodvinsk defense plants workers’ professional slang and compose it’s specific onomastic layer. The microtoponyms are considered from the perspectives of their semantics and ways of formation. The paper states that a number of the microtoponyms which are the most popular and culturally significant for the citizens are a part of the urban onomasticon in general. The material of the research can be used in creating a dictionary of defense plants workers’ professional corporate culture.
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Gunawan, Asep Tata, Yulianto Yulianto, and Bahri Bahri. "ENGINEERING APPLICATION OF WASTE TURNING TOOLS TO SUPPORT WASTE MANAGEMENT IN CAMPUS 7 HEALTH POLYTECHNIC OF MINISTRY OF HEALTH SEMARANG." Buletin Keslingmas 39, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/keslingmas.v39i4.6579.
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Introduction: The government of banyumas district by decree number: 660. 7776/2018 concerning the management of the waste in banyumas district, in which the President's decree strongly recommends the closing of the TPA on January 2, 2019 and urges the management of waste through non-governmental groups (KSM) in trash management 3r (main, reuse and recycling). The application of 3r activities in communities is still hampered largely by the lack of awareness of people sorting waste. The world health ministry of semarang, which has an open land of 2.3 ha (2.3 ha), has an average of 4 m3/ week organic waste. Thus selecting a comprehensive waste management by using a 10-panted run way method, so each week it is used to invert waste from tub one to tub the next. Based on the above description, the formula of the problem in this study is knowing the effectiveness of the waste turning engineering tools in supporting the waste processing process. Methods: Research and Development is a research method that uses to obtain or develop products and test the effectiveness of these products. The turning tool is designed to compare the effectiveness of the waste turning process before and after using the tool. This research was conducted at a waste processing place (composter) at Campus 7 Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang. The population in this study were all of the campus residents' solid waste generation. The sample of this study was waste in each tub (from tub 1 to 10) compost processing volume of 0.5-4 m3 / week. This study used tables analysis and the average value calculated from the results of sieving the waste. Research and discussion: The design and assembly of a waste turning tool is appropriate and can support the composting process of waste at Campus 7 Purwokerto, Health polytechnic of Ministry of Health Semarang. The volume of waste in basins 1 to 10 is on average around 0.5-4 m3 / week, in each tub per week there is a decrease in waste by an average of about 8-9%, so that starting from basin 1 with a volume of waste 4 m3 / week decreasing in the basin 10 to 0.5 m3 / week. The comparison of manual waste reversal using a machine is as follows:Turning over manual waste takes about 5-7.5 minutes per basin with 4 workers, so it takes 50-75 minutes to reverse 10 basins. Turning the trash with a machine takes about 45-50 seconds withConclusion: A waste turning tool has been proven effective to assist and facilitate the process of waste reversal for the decomposition process in the composting basin at the campus 7 composting place.
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L. Sahwan, Firman. "KUALITAS PRODUK KOMPOS DAN KARAKTERISTIK PROSES PENGOMPOSAN SAMPAH KOTA TANPA PEMILAHAN AWAL." Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v11i1.1225.
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Early sorting process in composting municipal solid waste is labour intensive, so that the production cost is high. This research is carried out to know how the quality of the compost product and the characteristic of composting process if the early sorting is not done. The research result shows that without early sorting composting process has been done well, similar or not different significantly to the process with early sorting and has good quality. The positive result of this research is to increase the efficiency of the worker or reduce the production cost of manufacturing compost, because the process in making heap can increase from 1 m3 / person / day to 3 m3 / person / day. Key Words: Compost, composing,municipal solid waste, sorting
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Filipowicz, Katarzyna, Robert Syrek, and Tomasz Tokarski. "Growth Paths in the Solow Model with Alternative Trajectories of the Number of Workers." Przegląd Statystyczny 64, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0759.
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The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of growth paths of basic macroeconomic variables (labor productivity and capital labor ratio) in the Solow growth model with three alternative assumptions about the trajectory of the number of workers. There are standard trajectory (the number of workers increasing exponentially), logistics trajectory (the number of workers is growing to the certain asymptote) and so-called Gaussian trajectory (the number of workers is similar to the density function of Gaussian distribution). In the result, nonstandard growth paths of macroeconomic variables are defined by certain functions compose with hypergeometric function and Gauss error function (so called Gaussian special functions). Moreover, labor productivity and capital labor ratio for logistic trajectory is growing to asymptote, which is located higher than in the original Solow model. The labor productivity and capital labor ratio for Gaussian trajectory of the number of workers increase to infinity.
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Uchitelle, Louis. "Employer-Employee Social Contracts: Fashioning a New Compact for Workers." Academy of Management Perspectives 21, no. 2 (May 2007): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amp.2007.25356508.
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Lotfi, Maryam, Helen Walker, and Juan Rendon-Sanchez. "Supply Chains’ Failure in Workers’ Rights with Regards to the SDG Compass: A Doughnut Theory Perspective." Sustainability 13, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 12526. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132212526.
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Many supply chains have pledged to prevent the violation of workers’ rights as part of social sustainability in their far-flung supply chains. This paper provides a way to understand why supply chains fail to overcome the violation of workers’ rights by mapping the UN SDGs onto the social foundations of the doughnut model, with respect to workers’ rights in supply chains. We develop the sustainable supply chain doughnut model with regards to the SDGs, through which we investigate workers’ rights violations. Examples from both UK-based and world-wide supply chains illustrates our conceptual model. Supply chains have shortfalls in all aspects of the social foundation when it comes to workers as one of their main stakeholders. Until supply chains are successful in overcoming shortfalls across all elements of the social foundation, moving to the next layer of the doughnut framework is impossible, which is the safe and just space for all humans, including workers. This ‘safe and just space’ seems out of reach despite international efforts such as the SDGs. The resulting conceptual model can be the foundation for descriptive, instrumental, and normative research on workers’ rights in the supply chain as part of the social sustainability.
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Beršnak, Janja Vuga, and Iztok Prezelj. "Recognizing youth radicalization in schools: Slovenian ‘frontline’ school workers in search of a compass." International Sociology 36, no. 1 (November 17, 2020): 49–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580920953333.
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International research shows that youth is one of the groups that are the most vulnerable and most susceptible to radicalization. Some of the research findings show school workers’ lack of academic knowledge and practical experience with radicalized youth. As a result, they correlate general criminality with radicalization. The purpose of this study was to identify school workers’ readiness for detecting radicalization and taking preventive measures before the youth step on the path of radicalization. The authors applied a qualitative approach and conducted interviews and focus groups with 23 experts from the Slovenian educational system (i.e. top-down from the ministerial level and bottom-up from the primary and secondary school level). The results revealed that school workers can recognize vulnerable youth and are equipped with the appropriate knowledge and experience in terms of how to respond to different types of violence, but not radicalization. Even the elements that could be recognized as first steps in the radicalization process are reduced to deviant behaviour or simply peer violence. Bearing in mind this critical finding, school workers nevertheless are able to recognize certain types of deviant behaviour and know how to address them. By recognizing the problem and taking appropriate action, school workers can actually (unintentionally) prevent the continuation of the radicalization process.
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Olson, Ryan, Jennifer Hess, Kelsey Parker, Sharon Thompson, Anjali Rameshbabu, Kristy Luther Rhoten, and Miguel Marino. "From Research-to-Practice: An Adaptation and Dissemination of the COMPASS Program for Home Care Workers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (December 7, 2018): 2777. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122777.
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The COMmunity of Practice And Safety Support (COMPASS) program was developed to prevent injuries and advance the health and well-being of home care workers. The program integrates elements of peer-led social support groups with scripted team-based programs to help workers learn together, solve problems, set goals, make changes, and enrich their supportive professional network. After a successful pilot study and randomized controlled trial, COMPASS was adapted for the Oregon Home Care Commission’s training system for statewide dissemination. The adapted program included fewer total meetings (7 versus 13), an accelerated meeting schedule (every two weeks versus monthly), and a range of other adjustments. The revised approach was piloted with five groups of workers (total n = 42) and evaluated with pre- and post-program outcome measures. After further adjustments and planning, the statewide rollout is now in progress. In the adaptation pilot several psychosocial, safety, and health outcomes changed by a similar magnitude relative to the prior randomized controlled trial. Preliminary training evaluation data (n = 265) show high mean ratings indicating that workers like the program, find the content useful, and intend to make changes after meetings. Facilitating factors and lessons learned from the project may inform future similar efforts to translate research into practice.
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Santos, Ellen Caroline Da Silva, and Jair Magalhães Da Silva. "Função do Conselho de Saúde e Conhecimento de Trabalhadores e Conselheiros de Saúde: uma Revisão Integrativa." UNICIÊNCIAS 23, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-5141.2019v23n1p60-64.
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O presente estudo tem o objetivo de identificar a função do Conselho de Saúde, e o conhecimento de trabalhadores e de conselheiros de saúde sobre o mecanismo de controle social, por meio de uma revisão integrativa. Os estudos foram selecionados por meio de buscas na base de dados Literatura Latino-Americano e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs) e na biblioteca eletrônica Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), utilizando como descritores para a busca dos artigos: Participação social; Conselhos de saúde; Controle social; Política de saúde. Foram selecionados dez estudos publicados entre 2013 e 2018, publicados em português e na íntegra, e que abordassem sobre a temática. Evidencia-se a necessidade de conhecimento sobre os Conselhos, por parte dos trabalhadores da saúde e falta de capacitação por parte dos usuários que compõem o Conselho de Saúde (CS), o que dificulta uma participação representativa e efetiva do segmento representado. Diante das lacunas encontradas na literatura e a falta de conhecimento, pela maioria dos trabalhadores da saúde e de conselheiros de saúde, faz-se necessário a realização de novas pesquisas sobre a temática e investimentos em capacitações para trabalhadores de saúde e conselheiros. Palavras-chave: Conselho de Saúde. Trabalhador da Saúde. Conselheiros de Saúde.AbstractThis study aims to identify the role of the health council and the workers’ and health counselors’ knowledge about the mechanism of social control, through an integrative review. The studies were selected through studies in the Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences database (LILACS) and in the electronic library Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), using as descriptors for searching the articles: Social participation; Health Council; Social control; Health policy. tem Ten studies were selected, published between 2013 and 2018, in Portuguese and in full, that discussed on the subject. It is evidenced the need of knowledge about the councils, on the part of the health workers and lack of qualification by the users that compose the health council, what hinders a representative and effective participation of the represented segment. Given the gaps found in the literature and the lack of knowledge by the majority of health workers and health advisors, it is necessary to carry out new research on the subject and investments in training for health workers and counselors.Keywords: Health Council. Health Worker. Health Counselors.
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Chung, S. H., H. Park, K. D. Jeon, K. T. Kim, and S. M. Hwang. "An Optimal Container Design for Metal Powder Under Hot Isostatic Pressing." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 123, no. 2 (January 15, 2001): 234–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1354992.
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Near-net-shape forming of 316L stainless-steel powder was investigated under hot isostatic pressing. To simulate densification and deformation of a powder compact in a container during hot isostatic pressing, the constitutive model of Abouaf and co-workers was implemented into a finite element analysis. An optimal design technique based on the evaluation schemes of the design sensitivity was used to acquire the desired final shape of a powder compact. Experimental data of 316L stainless steel powder showed that the optimally designed container allowed near-net-shape forming of the desired powder compact during hot isostatic pressing.