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Journal articles on the topic 'Composition and Structure'

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Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Barsky, Vadim, Gennady Vlasov, and Andriy Rudnitsky. "Composition and Structure of Coal Organic Mass. 4. Generalized Conception of the Composition of Solid Fuel Molecular Structures and Chemism of Metamorphism Process." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 5, no. 4 (December 15, 2011): 439–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht05.04.439.

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2

EARL, C. F. "Generated designs: Structure and composition." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 13, no. 4 (September 1999): 277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060499134036.

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Generated designs are formed through rules that change, and structures that interpret, descriptions. The structure of design descriptions is examined with particular reference to generative shape descriptions acting as the infrastructure for attributes. Structure is represented by relations among the parts of descriptions. In particular, a closure structure allows relations to be described by the parts themselves. Design processes use descriptions in combination. It is shown how to combine separate descriptions in parallel and sequentially. Rules change descriptions. It is shown how to aggregate local changes consistently across a design and to use rules with structure on their component shapes to highlight selected emergent features. Further, multiple attribute descriptions, including shape and associated properties, are constructed. Their structures are represented algebraically.

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3

Barsky, Vadim, Vitaly Gulyaev, and Andriy Rudnitsky. "Composition and Structure of Coal Organic Mass. Analytical Review." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 3, no. 4 (December 15, 2009): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht03.04.315.

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The research works dedicated to the formation regularities of solid fuels chemical structure were analyzed. Modern conceptions of coals chemical structure, which are becoming deeper owing to tooling growth and facts accumulation, were examined by means of critical comparison of different hypothetical models of solid fuels “molecular” structure. The most general points of the respective theories were formulated, according to which “soft” influence on coal structure primary elements bonds system allows bringing its chemical potential to the maximum.

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4

Lenz, Stephan, Johannes Birkenstock, Lennart A. Fischer, Willi Schüller, Hartmut Schneider, and Reinhard X. Fischer. "Natural mullites: chemical composition, crystal structure, and optical properties." European Journal of Mineralogy 31, no. 2 (June 7, 2019): 353–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2019/0031-2812.

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5

Abad-Javier, ME, Marcos Cajero-Juárez, and María Eugenia Contreras García. "45S5 Bioglass porous scaffolds: structure, composition and bioactivity characterization." Epitoanyag - Journal of Silicate Based and Composite Materials 68, no. 4 (2016): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14382/epitoanyag-jsbcm.2016.22.

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6

Barsky, Vadim, Gennady Vlasov, and Andriy Rudnitsky. "Composition and Structure of Coal Organic Mass. 3. Dinamics of Coal Chemical Structure During Metamorphism." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 5, no. 3 (September 15, 2011): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht05.03.285.

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7

Evers, A. D., L. O'Brien, and A. B. Blakeney. "Cereal structure and composition." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 50, no. 5 (1999): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar98158.

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Cereals are cultivated grasses that are grown throughout the world. As well as providing food for man, they, or fractions derived from processing them, make an important contribution to the diets of farm stock. Cereal grains have a long storage life under favourable conditions because they are harvested at a relatively low moisture content and comprise stable components. The principal energy sources within the grains are protected from infestation by outer coverings that are difficult to penetrate and in some cases unpalatable components in the coverings discourage predation by wild populations. The largest morphological component of all grains is the starchy endosperm, and approximately 80% of this is starch, occurring as microscopical granules with forms characteristic of the species. Also characteristic of the species are the storage proteins, which make the next largest contribution to endosperm dry weight. Proteins are important both as nutrients and by virtue of the fact that the class includes enzymes which, although making a small contribution to grain weight, can have a marked effect on grain quality and hence price. Other chemical components present as minor contributors, but with potential for exerting significant nutritional influence, are phytates and tannins, and current knowledge of these is briefly discussed. The walls of endosperm cells comprise a complex mixture of polysaccharides including cellulose, arabinoxylans, and β-glucans, as well as proteins and esterified phenolic acids. Attention is drawn to the difficulty in defining ‘fibre’ as it is method- or function-dependent and includes contributions from the endosperm cell wall components as well as the lignified walls of cells in the outer protective pericarp and the contents and cuticle of the testa.

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8

Anikin, A. A., S. B. Venig, D. I. Bilenko, A. N. Gribov, and A. G. Zhukov. "Globular Graphite: Structure, Composition." Metal Science and Heat Treatment 56, no. 3-4 (July 2014): 113–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11041-014-9715-z.

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9

Leitch, A. R. "Chromosome structure and composition." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 81, no. 2 (1998): 106–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000015011.

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10

Red’ko, V. N. "Composition structure of programmology." Cybernetics and Systems Analysis 34, no. 4 (July 1998): 518–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02666996.

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11

Iminova, R. S., Sh N. Zhumagalieva, M. K. Beisebekov, Zh A. Abilov, and G. A. Mun. "Structure and swelling of polymer-clay composites." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 11, no. 3 (April 4, 2016): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj283.

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<p>Composition gels on the basis of bentonite clay of Manrak deposit (East-Kazakhstan region) and nonionogenic polymers - poly-2-hydroxyethyl-acrylate and polyacrylamide were synthesized by radical intercalative polymerization in situ with various content o f cross-linking agent N,N-methylene-bisacrylamide and with time of intercalation about 8 hours. The morphological structure, the nature of interaction of components and the swelling ability of composition gels were studied by scanner electron microscopy, equilibrium swelling and IR- spectroscopy methods. By studying of morphological structure it was determined, that the polymer-clay composition gels, synthesized by intercalative polymerization, are most homogenous and interconsistency in case of “acrylamide-clay” composition in contrast with “2-hydroxyethylacrylate-clay” composition. For “acrylamide-clay” gels the swelling degree of gels was stated to decrease with the increase in the content of cross-linking agent and ionic strength, but “2-hydroxyethylacrylate -clay” compositions have the extremely character of swelling, where maximum degree of swelling account for gel with content of cross-linking agent 1*10<sup>-2</sup>М. Interaction of composition components was realized on account of hydrogen bonds with formation of chemically cross-linked complex polymer-clay. Decrease of swelling degree of compositions in physiological solution points to acquisition of polyelectrolyte nature of composition gels on account of combination of nonionogenic macromolecules of polymers with negatively charged particles of bentonite clay. For intercalated samples of polymer-clay compositions, the degree of swelling at all degrees of cross-linking is between those for pure polymers and pure clay, that in turn, agrees with the conclusion on the great composition homogeneity of samples with preliminary intercalation. As of results of holding investigation fit is safe to say, that obtained polymer-clay composition gels are potential sorbents and prolongated carriers of medicine</p>

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12

Pushkarev, Y. M., and S. V. Saitarly. "Rheological properties of liquid ebonite compositions filled with shungite." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 6 (December 2021): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2021-139-6-65-70.

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The effect of shungite on the structural and viscous-flow properties of compositions based on oligobutadiene was studied. The strength of coagulation structures of ebonite compositions filled with shungite was determined. The critical filling concentration was established and it is 40 wt.% of shungite per 100 wt.% of oligobutadiene. It was shown that increasing the temperature from 200C to 800C leads to a significant reduction in the shear stress required to destroy the structure of the composition. Temperature and shear rate independently affect the structured composition. Thus, it was shown that shungite powder can be used as a filler in liquid ebonite compositions based on oligobutadiene.

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13

El-Shami, S. M. "Glyceride structure and sterol composition of SOS-7 halophyte oil." Grasas y Aceites 42, no. 3 (June 30, 1991): 211–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.1991.v42.i3.1246.

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14

Figovsky, Oleg, Dmitry Pashin, Zufar Khalitov, and Diana Valeeva Diana Valeeva. "The structure and Diffraction by Chiral Nanotubes of Arbitrary Composition." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 6, no. 2 (June 20, 2012): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht06.02.167.

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15

Opanasyuk, A. S. "The structure, phase and chemical composition of CZTSe thin films." Functional Materials 21, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm21.02.164.

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16

Volkova, Irina, Alexander Solodunov, and Larisa Kondratenko. "Composition and structure of regrowth forests on abandoned agricultural land." Journal of Forest Science 66, No. 10 (October 29, 2020): 436–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/100/2020-jfs.

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Overgrowing of agricultural land by forest in Russia is a large-scale process. This study aims to examine the composition and structure of forests that took over abandoned agricultural lands in Belorechensky district, Krasnodar Krai (Russia). The research on 4 farmland plots was carried out in 2018. At the time of observation agricultural land has been abandoned for 7 to 8 years. Research methodology was developed to determine parameters such as tree and shrub density per ha, height and age at 50 m and up to 100 m from the forest. Two study sites were dominated by mesophytes, whilst the other two sites were invaded by xerophytes. Xerophytic landscapes were co-dominated by downy oaks and dog roses. The stand density of examined plants was 1.7 times lower at 51 to 100 m than near the forest (P ≤ 0.05). There were 3.3 times as many dog roses as downy oaks. The stand density of common ash stand at 51 to 100 m from the forest edge was 10 times lower than that of dog rose (P ≤ 0.01). Mesophytic landscapes were co-dominated by black poplars and crack willows. Black poplar was 4.3 times more frequent than dog rose (P ≤ 0.002) and 130 times more common than elm (P ≤ 0.0001). Natural overgrowth or succession can affect vast areas of land. It was established that dog roses and downy oaks regenerate xerophytic fields within 6 to 7 years, whereas mesophytic fields become dominated by black poplars and crack willows within 5 to 7 years.

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17

Li, Mei, and Yan Dong. "The Structure Composition Principles of the Component." Applied Mechanics and Materials 488-489 (January 2014): 1134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.488-489.1134.

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Aim at the characteristics of components made up the machine is able to maintain the assembly relationship, this paper put forward the concept of the component structure, discuss the condition of being a component structure. According to the phenomenon that the component structure can contain more fundamental component structure, Component structure was proposed by one or several structural units with three fundamental principles: Join the components structures into the assembly structure, join the level I components structural units to the assembly structure as the assembly structure, join the level II and above structural units providing independent component structure as the assembly structure. Discuss the component definition and classification of structural Unit, division rules and procedures of the component decomposition.

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18

Pieczka, Adam. "Modelling of some structural parameters of tourmalines on the basis of their chemical composition. I. Ordered structure model." European Journal of Mineralogy 12, no. 3 (May 31, 2000): 589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2000/0012-0589.

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19

Abebaw, Gashaw. "Review on Structure, Functional and Nutritional Composition of Barley (Hordeum vulgare)." Nutrition and Food Processing 4, no. 2 (April 5, 2021): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/046.

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Barley is a resilient plant, tolerant of a range of conditions, which may have been cultivated since 15 000 BC (Fast & Caldwell, 2000). Cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare, is mainly grown for animal feed, especially for pigs, for malting and brewing in the manufacture of beer, and distilling in whisky manufacture. A small amount of barley is used for food. Barley is one of the leading grain crops produced in the world with growing worldwide recognized as a source of food and many valuable nutritional components that enrich the human diet. Barley grain is used primarily for malting and livestock feeding, and the straw is also an important feedstuff when more desirable forages are not available

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20

Kalinnikov, A. A., I. V. Pushkareva, V. I. Porembskii, A. S. Pushkarev, M. V. Kozlova, S. A. Grigoriev, S. V. Ostrovskii, V. N. Fateev, and A. Sh Aliyev. "OPTIMIZATION OF A REVERSIBLE FUEL CELL OXYGEN ELECTRODE COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE." Chemical Problems 17, no. 4 (2019): 535–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32737/2221-8688-2019-4-535-545.

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21

Galuskin, Eugeny, and Antoni Winiarski. "Syngenetic whisker inclusions of pyrite in quartz: morphology, structure and composition." Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Monatshefte 1997, no. 5 (June 23, 1997): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njmm/1997/1997/229.

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22

Yermolenko, I. Yu. "Galvanic ternary Fe-Co-W coatings: structure, composition and magnetic properties." Functional materials 25, no. 2 (June 27, 2018): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/fm25.02.274.

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23

Rakić, Srdjan, and Volker Kahlenberg. "The crystal structure of a mixed alkali phyllosilicate with composition Na1.55K0.45Si2O5." European Journal of Mineralogy 13, no. 6 (November 26, 2001): 1215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2001/0013-1215.

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24

Sokolova, Elena Cámara, Frank C. Hawthorne, and Yassir Abdu. "From structure topology to chemical composition. VII. Titanium silicates: the crystal structure and crystal chemistry of jinshajiangite." European Journal of Mineralogy 21, no. 4 (August 31, 2009): 871–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0935-1221/2009/0021-1945.

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25

Gershman, Mironov, Podrabinnik, Kuznetsova, Gershman, and Peretyagin. "Relationship of Secondary Structures and Wear Resistance of Antifriction Aluminum Alloys for Journal Bearings from the Point of View of Self-Organization During Friction." Entropy 21, no. 11 (October 27, 2019): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21111048.

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The paper investigates the relationship between the tribological properties/compositions of new aluminum antifriction alloys and compositions of the secondary structures formed on their friction surfaces. Eight alloys with various compositions have been analyzed. The elemental compositions of the secondary structures on their friction surfaces have been determined. The relationship between the alloy secondary structure compositions with wear rate has been found. An attempt has been made to determine the secondary structure composition patterns based on the non-equilibrium thermodynamics and self-organization theory.

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26

Kazanskaya, Maria N. "Posidippus 122: composition and structure." Philologia Classica II, no. I (June 2016): 31–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu20.2016.103.

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27

Baranov, Victor. "Copies: Composition, Structure, Analytical Markup." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 6 (February 2021): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2021.6.1.

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The article gives grounds for marking up machine-readable transcriptions of medieval Slavic manuscripts, which serve as textual material for the historical corpora, the excerpts are viewed as possessing valuable codicological or textological characteristics. Composition analysis of four manuscripts from the Slavonic Parimejnik (12 th – 14 th cc.) and modeling their structure with application of generally accepted tools of linguistic analysis have enabled solving the following tasks: analytical units identification, text format elaboration and search process algorithmization based on the natural language units characteristics. A suggested format of lectionaries description includes data on the section (sub-section) of the liturgical year, the number of the lectionary in this section, textual composition in relation to the texts of the Bible, the topic. The format of dates, days and time of lectionaries reading throughout the year includes data on the section (sub-section), the date of the fixed calendar or the week and the day within the section (sub-section) of the nonfixed calendar, the time of the church service, the event to which the service is devoted. The markup of the Parimejnik texts included indication of the excerpts boundaries and determination of their relations with the dictionary unitwith the aim to ensure the parallel corpus of four Slavic manuscripts of the Parimejnik with ranging the corresponding excerpts at the level of the lectionaries and Bible verses within the corpus "Manuscript" (manuscripts.ru).

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28

Nenadovic, Snezana, Milos Nenadovic, Ljiljana Kljajevic, Vladimir Pavlovic, Aleksandar Djordjevic, and Branko Matovic. "Structure and composition of soils." Processing and Application of Ceramics 4, no. 4 (2010): 259–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pac1004259n.

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This paper presents a study of soils structure and composition using up to date technique, such as scanning electronic microscopy, atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, as well as some other characterization methods. It was shown that soil particles have porous structure and dimensions in the range from several millimeters to several hundreds of nanometers and consist of different minerals such as kaolin, quartz and feldspate.

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29

Sands, T., V. G. Keramidas, J. Washburn, and R. Gronsky. "Structure and composition of NixGaAs." Applied Physics Letters 48, no. 6 (February 10, 1986): 402–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.96511.

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30

Rudd, Pauline. "Glycoconjugates — Composition, structure and function." Trends in Biotechnology 11, no. 7 (July 1993): 313–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-7799(93)90020-a.

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31

Kennedy, John F., and Yu Fang. "Glycoconjugates—Composition, structure, and function." Carbohydrate Polymers 24, no. 3 (January 1994): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0144-8617(94)90137-6.

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32

Garrod, David, and Martyn Chidgey. "Desmosome structure, composition and function." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes 1778, no. 3 (March 2008): 572–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2007.07.014.

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33

Duchateau, Guus S. M. J. E., and Werner Klaffke. "Product Composition, Structure, and Bioavailability." Food Biophysics 3, no. 2 (March 28, 2008): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11483-008-9076-5.

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34

Goldberg, Michel. "Dentin structure composition and mineralization." Frontiers in Bioscience E3, no. 2 (2011): 711–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2741/e281.

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35

Epel, Bernard L. "Plasmodesmata: composition, structure and trafficking." Plant Molecular Biology 26, no. 5 (December 1994): 1343–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00016479.

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36

Zhang, Runwei, Xu Wang, Zhichao Zhang, Jacob C. Huang, Feng Shi, and Ming Wu. "Structure analysis of precursor alloy and diffusion during dealloying of Ag–Al alloy." RSC Advances 8, no. 17 (2018): 9462–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra12915g.

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Nanoporous silver (NPS) was fabricated by dealloying Ag–Al alloy ribbons with nominal compositions of 30, 35 and 40 at% Ag (corresponding to hypoeutectic composition, eutectic composition and hypereutectic composition, respectively).

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37

Romero Marcia, Arianna D., Tianming Yao, Ming-Hsu Chen, Renee E. Oles, and Stephen R. Lindemann. "Fine Carbohydrate Structure of Dietary Resistant Glucans Governs the Structure and Function of Human Gut Microbiota." Nutrients 13, no. 9 (August 24, 2021): 2924. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13092924.

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Increased dietary fiber consumption has been shown to increase human gut microbial diversity, but the mechanisms driving this effect remain unclear. One possible explanation is that microbes are able to divide metabolic labor in consumption of complex carbohydrates, which are composed of diverse glycosidic linkages that require specific cognate enzymes for degradation. However, as naturally derived fibers vary in both sugar composition and linkage structure, it is challenging to separate out the impact of each of these variables. We hypothesized that fine differences in carbohydrate linkage structure would govern microbial community structure and function independently of variation in glycosyl residue composition. To test this hypothesis, we fermented commercially available soluble resistant glucans, which are uniformly composed of glucose linked in different structural arrangements, in vitro with fecal inocula from each of three individuals. We measured metabolic outputs (pH, gas, and short-chain fatty acid production) and community structure via 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We determined that community metabolic outputs from identical glucans were highly individual, emerging from divergent initial microbiome structures. However, specific operational taxonomic units (OTUs) responded similarly in growth responses across individuals’ microbiota, though in context-dependent ways; these data suggested that certain taxa were more efficient in competing for some structures than others. Together, these data support the hypothesis that variation in linkage structure, independent of sugar composition, governs compositional and functional responses of microbiota.

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38

Wang, Yi Pin, Yan He, Jing Liu, and Xue Min Cui. "Phase-Structure Transformation in Low-Si/Al-Ratio Geopolymers." Key Engineering Materials 602-603 (March 2014): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.602-603.76.

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To obtain low-Si/Al-ratio geopolymers and overcome the disadvantage of impure raw materials, amorphous Al2O3-SiO2 powder was first prepared using a sol-gel method in accordance with specially designed chemical compositions. The composition of the geopolymers was designed according to the NaA zeolite composition (Si/Al/Na atom ratio is 1:1:1), and the zeolite crystal structure was obtained by geopolymers with high Na/Al ratios through hydrothermal processing at 90oC for 6 h. The geopolymers with Si/Al ratios ranging from 0.9 to 1.05 exhibited amorphous structures after being cured at 60oC for 24 h; however, the geopolymer sample with a Si/Al ratio of 1.1 exhibited crystallization. After the hydrothermal treatment of these geopolymers , the XRD, SEM and NMR results show that the phase structure of the geopolymers may transform into a crystalline structure under appropriate compositions and external conditions. Hence, the alkalinity, Si/Al ratio and hydrothermal conditions determined the crystallinity of the geopolymers that were synthesized.

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39

Li, Cui Xia, Zhi Hong Li, Xue Yan Du, and Shi Yi Shi. "Structure and Properties of Electrodeposited FePt Films." Advanced Materials Research 178 (December 2010): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.178.270.

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Fe-Pt binary alloy thin films were fabricated through a pluse electrodeposition in a novel bath with a simple composition on copper substrates. Composition, morphology and structure of electrodeposited Fe-Pt films were investigated in dependence on deposition potential. In a broad potential range from 2.0 to 6.0V, oxygen was detected in the films. Continuous Fe-Pt alloy films with controllable compositions in 16-58 atom% Fe were achieved on copper substrates. In particular, the films with a composition close to 1:1 Fe/Pt was obtained at -4.7V. All Fe-Pt films as-synthesized exhibited essential characteristics of soft magnetic and isotropic behavior, as investigated by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM).

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40

Творогова, Антонина, Antonina Tvorogova, Татьяна Шобанова, Tatyana Shobanova, Анна Ландиховская, Anna Landikhovskaya, Румия Закирова, and Rumiya Zakirova. "Milk ice cream composition and structure improvement." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 48, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2018-2-109-116.

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The work reveals the results of the study devoted to milk ice cream composition improvement in order to meet the requirements for healthy foods (with satisfactory nutritional value) to the fullest extent and to obtain creamy consistency as well as high dispersity of structural elements typical for products with high mass fractions of fat and dry substances. The significance of the research is determined by the worldwide trend in the production of healthy foods which is developed in our country by a number of legislative documents. The purpose of the research was to develop on the basis of the composition a milk ice cream product with low energy value and high organoleptic parameters including the state of its structure. Within the framework of the given research the author used such modern research methods as rheological, microstructural and thermostating ones as well as photographic survey method. The author justified analytically and experimentally the use of such food additive as polydextrose having low energy value. It increases the feeling that food product has high fat content and it does not have any negative effect on ice cream production process. The possibility of improving the product structure using synergistic compositions such as emulsifiers based on distilled monoglycerides and polyglycerol and fatty acids esters as well as stabilizers containing mainly locust bean gum which promotes the formation of small ice crystals was confirmed experimentally. The mentioned compositions of emulsifiers and stabilizers when used with polydextrose made it possible to achieve technologically significant results in milk ice cream production. They increased the effective viscosity of the mixtures, provided high form and thermal stability, and made it possible to get high dispersion of ice crystals. The accepted technological solutions had positive effect on the consistency and structure of milk ice cream with improved composition.

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41

Dovgan, A. D., and V. М. Vyrovoy. "STRUCTURE FORMATION OF DISPERSED-REINFORCED BUILDING COMPOSITES." Bulletin of Odessa State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 85 (December 28, 2021): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2415-377x-2021-85-71-78.

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Abstract. The results of the study of the mechanism of structure formation of cement compositions reinforced with finely dispersed monofilament are presented in the article. The mechanism of microstructure organization of construction composites was studied on models of dispersed systems, with different qualitative and quantitative composition of linear and dispersed particles. At the same time, restrictions had been placed on particle size – fiber diameter and diameter of dispersed particles are proportional to each other. Study of cracking formation kinetics was carried out on disk-shaped samples made of water-clay and water-cement compositions. Physical and mechanical characteristics of dispersed-reinforced cement stone, including non-reinforced stone, have been defined on prisms-shaped samples of square section with size 40×40×160 mm. The analysis of physical models showed that cluster structures filling with particles of various nature and shape increases structural diversity of entire dispersed system. An inserting of linear particles changes nature of system structure formation. Depending on the characteristics, structural components of the system, substructures are formed, which differ in the periods of their formation and geometric parameters. It has been established that dispersed particles of different nature are structured in different ways into clusters with discrete fibers of different length. Linear particles were more active in the creation of structural aggregates (clusters) comparing to dispersed grains. The impact of highly dispersed fibers on the structure organization of the binder compositions was quantified by the damage coefficient determined on samples of different types. The presence of discrete fibers in the composition of the material leads to modify the qualitative characteristic of compositions cracking formation. Improvement of physical and mechanical properties of the dispersed-reinforced composite confirms the ability of the fiber to change a mechanism of material destruction due to a probable deposition of hydration products on monofilaments, to densify and strengthen the interfacial transitional zone.

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42

Shestakova, Maryna, and Olexandr Chebotarev. "Research of composition and structure of complex Cd(II) tetrafluoroborates with phenylenediamines." Odes’kyi Politechnichnyi Universytet. Pratsi, no. 1 (April 27, 2016): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.15276/opu.1.48.2016.17.

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Barsky, Vadim, Gennady Vlasov Gennady Vlasov, and Andriy Rudnitsky. "Composition and Structure of Coal Organic Mass. 2. Kinetic Models of Metamorphism." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 5, no. 2 (June 15, 2011): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht05.02.139.

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Cametti, Georgia, Mariko Nagashima, Martin Fisch, and Thomas Armbruster. "New data on cafarsite: reinvestigation of its crystal structure and chemical composition." European Journal of Mineralogy 30, no. 4 (October 31, 2018): 859–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2756.

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Kostrovitsky, Sergey. "Deciphering kimberlite-field structure using ilmenite composition: example of Daldyn field (Yakutia)." European Journal of Mineralogy 30, no. 6 (December 20, 2018): 1083–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2018/0030-2783.

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Handley, Pauline S. "Structure, composition and functions of surface structures on oral bacteria." Biofouling 2, no. 3 (September 1990): 239–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927019009378148.

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Kaurova, I. A., D. M. Gorshkov, G. M. Kuz'micheva, and V. B. Rybakov. "COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF THE HUNTITE-FAMILY COMPOUNDS." Fine Chemical Technologies 13, no. 6 (December 28, 2018): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.32362/2410-6593-2018-13-6-42-51.

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The literature data on the composition and structure of rare-earth borate compounds of the huntite family with the general composition LnM3(BO3)4, where Ln3+ = Y, La = Lu and M3+ = Al, Fe, Cr, Ga, Sc as well as a number of solid solutions with М3+ = Sc are systematized. The difference between the real compositions of crystals and the compositions of the initial mixture, the most characteristic of rare-earth scandium borates, is shown. The significant role of the composition in the manifestation of the compounds symmetry is established. The necessity of determining the crystals symmetry only on single-crystals with detailed analysis of diffraction reflections is proved. Morphotropic series were selected depending on changes in the ionic radii of Ln and M. Attention is paid to the peculiarity of the structural behavior of Cr3+ ions. It was revealed that the formation of solid solutions and internal solid solutions is most likely for rare-earth scandium borates. The implementation of polytypic modifications for LnM3(BO3)4, where M3+ = Al, Cr, and polymorphs for a number of Ln ions with M3+ = Fe, the existence of which is not excluded for M3+ = Sc, is demonstrated. Crystal-chemical effects observed for huntite-like crystals (morphotropy, isomorphism, polymorphism, polytypy; internal solid solutions; phase order-disorder phase transitions of different nature) with specific features of scandium borates are presented. The realization of polymorphism and polytypism for compounds of the huntite family confirms the crystal-chemical situation, according to which hightemperature polymorphic modifications should form more symmetrical compounds, but it is not typical of polytypic modifications.

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Vymětal, Jiří, Jiří Vondrášek, and Klára Hlouchová. "Sequence Versus Composition: What Prescribes IDP Biophysical Properties?" Entropy 21, no. 7 (July 3, 2019): 654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21070654.

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Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) represent a distinct class of proteins and are distinguished from globular proteins by conformational plasticity, high evolvability and a broad functional repertoire. Some of their properties are reminiscent of early proteins, but their abundance in eukaryotes, functional properties and compositional bias suggest that IDPs appeared at later evolutionary stages. The spectrum of IDP properties and their determinants are still not well defined. This study compares rudimentary physicochemical properties of IDPs and globular proteins using bioinformatic analysis on the level of their native sequences and random sequence permutations, addressing the contributions of composition versus sequence as determinants of the properties. IDPs have, on average, lower predicted secondary structure contents and aggregation propensities and biased amino acid compositions. However, our study shows that IDPs exhibit a broad range of these properties. Induced fold IDPs exhibit very similar compositions and secondary structure/aggregation propensities to globular proteins, and can be distinguished from unfoldable IDPs based on analysis of these sequence properties. While amino acid composition seems to be a major determinant of aggregation and secondary structure propensities, sequence randomization does not result in dramatic changes to these properties, but for both IDPs and globular proteins seems to fine-tune the tradeoff between folding and aggregation.

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Wang, Haipeng, Yushuang Yang, Jianli Yang, Yihang Nie, Jing Jia, and Yudan Wang. "Evaluation of Multiple-Scale 3D Characterization for Coal Physical Structure with DCM Method and Synchrotron X-Ray CT." Scientific World Journal 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/414262.

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Multiscale nondestructive characterization of coal microscopic physical structure can provide important information for coal conversion and coal-bed methane extraction. In this study, the physical structure of a coal sample was investigated by synchrotron-based multiple-energy X-ray CT at three beam energies and two different spatial resolutions. A data-constrained modeling (DCM) approach was used to quantitatively characterize the multiscale compositional distributions at the two resolutions. The volume fractions of each voxel for four different composition groups were obtained at the two resolutions. Between the two resolutions, the difference for DCM computed volume fractions of coal matrix and pores is less than 0.3%, and the difference for mineral composition groups is less than 0.17%. This demonstrates that the DCM approach can account for compositions beyond the X-ray CT imaging resolution with adequate accuracy. By using DCM, it is possible to characterize a relatively large coal sample at a relatively low spatial resolution with minimal loss of the effect due to subpixel fine length scale structures.

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Fox, G. R., S. B. Krupanidhi, K. L. More, and L. F. Allard. "Composition/structure/property relations of multi-ion-beam reactive sputtered lead lanthanum titanate thin films: Part I. Composition and structure analysis." Journal of Materials Research 7, no. 11 (November 1992): 3039–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1992.3039.

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Material properties are greatly dependent upon the structure of the material. This paper, the first of three parts, discusses how composition influences the crystallographic structure and microstructure of lead lanthanum titanate (PLT) thin films grown by the multi-ion-beam reactive sputtering (MIBERS) technique. A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study detailing the relationship between crystallographic texturing and microstructure development will be presented in a second paper. The dependence of the ferroelectric properties on observed crystallographic structure and microstructure is presented in the third paper of this series. As-deposited PLT microstructures coincide with the structure zone model (SZM) which has been developed to describe the microstructure of thin films deposited by physical vapor deposition. The as-deposited PLT structures are altered during post-deposition annealing as a result of crystallization and PbO evaporation. Amorphous films with more than 10 mole % excess PbO become polycrystalline with porous microstructures after annealing. When there is less PbO in the as-deposited film, 〈100〉 texture and dense structures are observed. Porosity results from PbO evaporation, and 〈100〉 texture is inhibited by excess PbO.

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