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Kugler, Danielle. "Experimental investigation of the effect of changes in processing history on compositie laminates and cylinders /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Freitas, Ricardo Luiz Barros de [UNESP]. "Fabricação, caracterização e aplicações do compósito PZT/PVDF." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100281.
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Um material compósito é constituído pela combinação de dois ou mais materiais, onde se procura sintetizar um novo material multifásico, e que abrigue as melhores características individuais de cada um de seus constituintes. Compósitos de polímeros (matriz) e ferroelétricos (inclusões) podem manifestar piezoeletricidade, ou seja, a produção de uma resposta elétrica devido a uma excitação mecânica, e vice-versa. Nesta tese o material polimérico usado para preparar os filmes ou lâminas de nanocompósitos é o PVDF, e, o material cerâmico é formado por nanopartículas de PZT. Ambos os materiais são dielétricos, porém, com características muito distintas (por exemplo, o PVDF tem aproximadamente 1/4 da densidade e 1/250 da constante dielétrica do PZT). O PZT é muito utilizado em transdutores, principalmente devido aos seus elevados coeficientes piezoelétricos, contudo, é quebradiço e sofre desgaste quando empregado na forma de filmes ou lâminas. Por outro lado, o PVDF é um polímero piezoelétrico que apresenta grande flexibilidade e excelentes resistências mecânica e química, porém, seus coeficientes piezoelétricos são apenas moderados. A fim de se aumentar a flexibilidade do PZT, mistura-se o pó cerâmico, na forma de nanopartículas, com o PVDF, também pulverizado. Na tese, evidencia-se que o compósito constituído por esta combinação cerâmica-polímero proporciona uma nova classe de materiais funcionais com grande potencial de aplicação, por terem combinadas a resistência e rigidez das cerâmicas, e, a elasticidade, flexibilidade, baixa densidade e elevada resistência a ruptura mecânica dos polímeros. O novo material tem grande resistência a choques mecânicos, flexibilidade, maleabilidade, e, principalmente, coeficientes piezoelétricos relativamente elevados. Amostras do compósito...
A composite material is constituted by the combination of two or more materials, which synthesizes a new multiphase material, and has the best individual characteristics of each of its constituents. Polymer composites (matrix) and ferroelectric (inclusions) can express piezoelectricity, i.e. the production of an electrical response due to a mechanical excitation, and vice versa. In this thesis the polymeric material used to prepare the films or slides of nanocomposites is the PVDF, and, ceramic material is formed by PZT nanoparticles. Both materials are dielectrics, however, with very different characteristics (for example, the PVDF is approximately 1/4 density and 1/250 relative permittivity from PZT). The PZT is widely used in transducers, mainly due to their high piezoelectric coefficients, however, is brittle and suffers wear and tear when employed in the form of films or slides. On the other hand, the PVDF is a piezoelectric polymer that offers great flexibility and excellent mechanical and chemical resistances, however, its piezoelectric coefficients are only moderate. In order to increase the flexibility of PZT, ceramic powder is mix, in the form of nanoparticles, with PVDF, also sprayed. In theory, it becomes evident that composite consisting of this ceramic- polymer combination delivers a new class of functional materials with great potential for application, because they combine the strength and rigidity of ceramics, and elasticity, flexibility, low density and high resistance to mechanical disruption of polymers. The new material has great resistance to mechanical shock, flexibility, suppleness, and, primarily, relatively high piezoelectric coefficients. PZT/PVDF composite samples were fabricated and characterized aiming to applications such as: piezoelectric actuators, acoustic emission detectors, and energy... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Lorandi, Natália Pagnoncelli. "Estudo das propriedades dinâmico-mecânicas e fluência de compósitos epóxi/tecido não-dobrável de carbono produzidos por VARTM e RFI." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2016. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/1844.
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A excelente relação custo-peso-desempenho de compósitos poliméricos em relação aos materiais tradicionais tornou-se motivo para o desenvolvimento de materiais avançados para aplicação estrutural, como compósitos epóxi/fibra de carbono, e com isso, novos métodos de processamento, diferentes resinas (matriz) e tecidos de fibras (reforço). Polímeros e seus compósitos apresentam comportamento viscoelástico, e fatores como estabilidade dimensional e resistência mecânica a longo prazo devem ser considerados quando utilizados na indústria aeronáutica. A análise dinâmico-mecânica (DMA) permite a avaliação das propriedades viscoelásticas do material, e ensaios de fluência possibilitam o estudo da deformação do material em função do tempo, sob tensão e temperatura constantes. Neste trabalho, compósitos epóxi/tecido não-dobrável (NCF) de carbono foram produzidos utilizando-se duas técnicas de fabricação: moldagem por transferência de resina com vácuo assistido (VARTM) e infusão de resina em filme (RFI), e uma análise comparativa entre os dois compósitos foi realizada. O módulo de armazenamento, E’, do compósito RFI foi aproximadamente 10 GPa maior ao longo da região vítrea e a Tonset aproximadamente 60°C mais alta em relação ao VARTM. O compósito RFI também apresentou uma região de transição vítrea mais larga (a partir da curva de tan δ). Esses resultados foram associados às relaxações moleculares e maior cooperatividade das cadeias, assim como maior rigidez do compósito RFI. Os ensaios de fluência foram realizados em três diferentes tensões e temperaturas, e o compósito VARTM apresentou maior deformação em função do tempo, indicando uma interface fibra/matriz mais fraca e um compósito menos rígido, e corroborando com os resultados de resistência ao cisalhamento interlaminar, a qual foi maior para o compósito RFI. Os modelos de Findley e de Burger foram aplicados e ambos ajustaram-se bem às curvas experimentais de fluência. Os parâmetros de cada modelo foram associados ao comportamento viscoelástico dos compósitos e relacionados com os demais resultados.Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2017-03-16T17:48:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Natalia Pagnoncelli Lorandi.pdf: 2042542 bytes, checksum: a231d9dd1acdbee5c47b2794a5af07be (MD5)
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The excellent cost-weigh-performance relationship of polymeric composites compared to traditional materials became a reason to development of advanced materials for structural application such as carbon/epoxy composites, and with that, new processing methods, different resins (matrix) and fabrics (reinforcement) producing. Polymers and their composites present viscoelastic behavior, and so issues such as dimensional stability and long-term resistance must be taken into account when used by aeronautic industry. Dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA) allows the evaluation of viscoelastic properties, and with creep tests, it is possible to study materials strain as function of time, under constant stress and temperature. In this study, epoxy/carbon NCF composites were manufactured by two techniques: vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) and resin film infusion (RFI), and a comparative analysis between both composites was made. Storage modulus, E’, for RFI composite was approximately 10 GPa higher along the glassy region and Tonset approximately 60°C higher than VARTM composite. RFI composite also presented a wider glass transition region (form tan δ curve). These results were associated to the molecular relaxation and higher chain cooperative motion, and to the higher stiffness of RFI composite. Creep strain tests were performed in three different stress levels and temperatures, and VARTM composite presented larger creep strain with time, indicating a weaker interface fiber/matrix and a lower stiffness composite, and corroborating with short-beam shear resistance. Findley and Burger’s model were applied and both agreed well with experimental creep curves. Parameters of each model were associated to composites viscoelastic behavior and they were related to the other results.
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Karlsson, Johan. "Composite material in car hood : Investigation of possible sandwich materials." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-45633.
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Palmer, Nathan Reed. "Smart Composites evaluation of embedded sensors in composite materials /." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/palmer/PalmerN0809.pdf.
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As an emerging form of renewable energy, horizontal wind turbines have experienced advancements in improving efficiency and reliability. These advances have pushed the limits of current technology used in wind turbines. Smart blades have been proposed as a method of addressing these limitations. Sensor integration within blade construction is the first step in development of smart blades. Thus, several low cost sensors were chosen, 1 axis strain gages, polyvinylidene fluoride films (PVDF), and single mode fiber optics either coated in acrylate or polyimide. To ensure successful bonding between sensor and composite two surface treatment techniques were developed. The first, dipping of the sensor into a bath of 20% by weight solution of nitric acid and the second was submersion of the sensor in the nitric acid for ten seconds prior to removal. These treatments were compared against sensors not surface treated prior to embedding. These sensors were embedded within samples created of fiberglass and epoxy or vinyl ester resin. Two different material tests were conducted. Tensile testing allowed for evaluation of sensor sensitivity, sensor failure point, material tensile modulus, and material tensile strength. Mode I fracture toughness evaluation, indicated the level of successful bonding which occurred during resin curing. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) was conducted to further confirm the level of bonding between resin and sensor, post fracture. Results for embedded strain gages showed an adverse effect for vinyl ester samples. Epoxy samples fared better, thus concluding manufacturing success for epoxy samples, submersion being preferred, and alternative methods needed for vinyl ester samples. PVDF films had good qualitative FESEM images combined with increasing trends. It was concluded that integration for both resin groups with sensors submerged in nitric acid was successful. Fiber optics coated in acrylate also showed good bonding under FESEM imaging as well as testing. It was thus concluded that submersion was the preferred treatment. Lastly, fiber optics coated in polyimide embedded in vinyl ester composites showed significant drawbacks and it was concluded that alternative methods need exploration. Those embedded in epoxy were successfully integrated and submersion in nitric acid showed the most potential.
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Bovicelli, Federico. "On the influence of polymeric nanofibers in laminated composite materials. Studio dell'influenza di nanofibre polimeriche in materiali compositi laminati." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6784/.
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During the last years an increased interest about the reinforcement of laminated composites by means of polymeric nanofibers has been growth. During this master-degree-thesis work, unidirectional and plane-textile composites have been interleaved with Nylon 6.6, PCL and mixed (Nylon 6.6+PCL) nanofibrous mats and the DCB (mode I interlaminar fracture toughness), ENF (mode II interlaminar fracture toughness and DMA (damping capability) tests have been performed. Regarding the interlaminar fracture toughness, marked increases have been recorded; while further investigation about damping capability is requested.
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Freitas, Ricardo Luiz Barros de. "Fabricação, caracterização e aplicações do compósito PZT/PVDF /." Ilha Solteira, [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100281.
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Orientador: Aparecido Augusto de CarvalhoCoorientador: Antônio de Pádua Lima Filho
Banca: Cláudio Kitano
Banca: João Antonio Pereira
Banca: Adriano Rogério Bruno Tech
Resumo: Um material compósito é constituído pela combinação de dois ou mais materiais, onde se procura sintetizar um novo material multifásico, e que abrigue as melhores características individuais de cada um de seus constituintes. Compósitos de polímeros (matriz) e ferroelétricos (inclusões) podem manifestar piezoeletricidade, ou seja, a produção de uma resposta elétrica devido a uma excitação mecânica, e vice-versa. Nesta tese o material polimérico usado para preparar os filmes ou lâminas de nanocompósitos é o PVDF, e, o material cerâmico é formado por nanopartículas de PZT. Ambos os materiais são dielétricos, porém, com características muito distintas (por exemplo, o PVDF tem aproximadamente 1/4 da densidade e 1/250 da constante dielétrica do PZT). O PZT é muito utilizado em transdutores, principalmente devido aos seus elevados coeficientes piezoelétricos, contudo, é quebradiço e sofre desgaste quando empregado na forma de filmes ou lâminas. Por outro lado, o PVDF é um polímero piezoelétrico que apresenta grande flexibilidade e excelentes resistências mecânica e química, porém, seus coeficientes piezoelétricos são apenas moderados. A fim de se aumentar a flexibilidade do PZT, mistura-se o pó cerâmico, na forma de nanopartículas, com o PVDF, também pulverizado. Na tese, evidencia-se que o compósito constituído por esta combinação cerâmica-polímero proporciona uma nova classe de materiais funcionais com grande potencial de aplicação, por terem combinadas a resistência e rigidez das cerâmicas, e, a elasticidade, flexibilidade, baixa densidade e elevada resistência a ruptura mecânica dos polímeros. O novo material tem grande resistência a choques mecânicos, flexibilidade, maleabilidade, e, principalmente, coeficientes piezoelétricos relativamente elevados. Amostras do compósito... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: A composite material is constituted by the combination of two or more materials, which synthesizes a new multiphase material, and has the best individual characteristics of each of its constituents. Polymer composites (matrix) and ferroelectric (inclusions) can express piezoelectricity, i.e. the production of an electrical response due to a mechanical excitation, and vice versa. In this thesis the polymeric material used to prepare the films or slides of nanocomposites is the PVDF, and, ceramic material is formed by PZT nanoparticles. Both materials are dielectrics, however, with very different characteristics (for example, the PVDF is approximately 1/4 density and 1/250 relative permittivity from PZT). The PZT is widely used in transducers, mainly due to their high piezoelectric coefficients, however, is brittle and suffers wear and tear when employed in the form of films or slides. On the other hand, the PVDF is a piezoelectric polymer that offers great flexibility and excellent mechanical and chemical resistances, however, its piezoelectric coefficients are only moderate. In order to increase the flexibility of PZT, ceramic powder is mix, in the form of nanoparticles, with PVDF, also sprayed. In theory, it becomes evident that composite consisting of this ceramic- polymer combination delivers a new class of functional materials with great potential for application, because they combine the strength and rigidity of ceramics, and elasticity, flexibility, low density and high resistance to mechanical disruption of polymers. The new material has great resistance to mechanical shock, flexibility, suppleness, and, primarily, relatively high piezoelectric coefficients. PZT/PVDF composite samples were fabricated and characterized aiming to applications such as: piezoelectric actuators, acoustic emission detectors, and energy... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Podnos, Eugene Grigorievich. "Application of fictitious domain method to analysis of composite materials /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Yang, Heechun. "Modeling the processing science of thermoplastic composite tow prepreg materials." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17217.
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Conejo, Luíza dos Santos [UNESP]. "Obtenção e caracterização térmica de compósitos nanoestruturados de resina fenol-furfurílica/CNT." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/123107.
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000824684.pdf: 1722914 bytes, checksum: 2c784deea3baa14e38d63ec970e7a3bb (MD5)As resinas fenólica e furfurílica possuem elevada densidade de ligações cruzadas e alto teor de carbono fixo, sendo, portanto, amplamente aplicadas na área aeroespacial, principalmente na obtenção de carbono vítreo. Apesar do domínio da produção de resinas fenol-furfurílica (FF) já se encontrar disponível em literatura, poucos dados a respeito de suas propriedades são publicados. Além disso, quase nenhuma informação pode ser encontrada a respeito da produção de compósitos nanoestruturados de resina fenol-furfurílica reforçada com nanotubos de carbono. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho é a obtenção de resina fenol-furfurílica e seus compósitos nanoestruturados com diferentes concentrações de nanotubos de carbono (0,1; 0,5 e 1,0 % m/m) e a caracterização térmica dos mesmos. Durante o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, as amostras foram avaliadas via calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), visando obter informações a respeito do seu calor específico (cp); análise termomecânica (TMA) para obtenção do coeficiente de expansão térmica linear (α) e termogravimetria (TGA) para o conhecimento da temperatura de degradação térmica, tanto via análises reais como simuladas por software, conhecido como Highway Simulation. As análises de DSC mostram que os valores de cp tendem a aumentar com a temperatura até aproximadamente 150°C, a partir da qual tendem a decrescer. Além disso, a introdução dos CNT na resina FF aumenta o valor de cp até a concentração de 0,5%. O coeficiente de expansão térmica linear obtido pela técnica de TMA para a amostra de FF foi 33.10-6 °C-1. A introdução de CNT nas amostras de FF não afeta significativamente sua estabilidade térmica. Os valores encontrados de cp, α e temperatura inicial de degradação térmica para a resina FF são próximos aos valores da resina fenólica encontrados na literatura
Phenolic and furfuryl alcohol resins have a high density of cross-links and high carbon yield, and thus widely applied in the aerospace area, mainly in the vitreous carbon processing. The production of phenol-furfuryl alcohol resin (FF) is already available in the literature, however, few works report its properties. Furthermore, almost no information can be found regarding the production of nanostructured composites of FF/carbon nanotubes (CNT). In this way, the aim of this work is to obtain nanostructured composites of FF/CNT with different concentrations of carbon nanotubes (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0% w/w) and thermal characterization. The specimens were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in order to obtain information regarding your specific heat (cp); thermo-mechanical analysis (TMA) for obtaining the linear thermal expansion coefficient (α) and thermogravimetry (TGA) to knowledge of the temperature of thermal degradation, either by actual analyses as simulated by software known as Highway Simulation. The DSC analysis shows that the samples studied show that cp values tend to increase with the increase of temperature up to 150°C. Furthermore, the introduction of the CNT in FF resin increases the value of cp up to a concentration of 0.5%. The coefficient of linear thermal expansion obtained by the TMA technique for sample FF was 33.10-6 °C-1. The introduction of the CNT samples FF does not affect its thermal stability. The values found in the analyses are close to the values of the phenolic resin in the literature
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Pacheco, João Felipe Mota. "Influencia do tratamento superficial na resistencia a tração da união polimero de vidro-cimento resinoso." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/288172.
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Orientador: Mario Fernando de GoesTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba
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Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência de diferentes tratamentos na superfície do polímero de vidro Artglass (HERAEUS, Kulzer - Germany). Foi verificado também o efeito do agente de silanização (Porcelain Primer - BISCO, lnc. ltasca IL), do ativador superficial de compósitos (Composite Activator BISCO, lnc. ltasca IL) e do líquido para reparos do sistema Artglass na resistência à tração com o sistema adesivo All Bond 2 (BISCO, lnc. ltasca IL) associado ao cimento Choice Porcelain Venner System (BISCO, lnc. ltasca IL). Foram confeccionadas duzentos e quarenta amostras e divididas em 12 grupos com 20 amostras cada. Cada grupo foi submetido aos seguintes tratamentos: grupo 1 - jateamento com óxido de alumínio; grupo 2 - jateamento com óxido de alumínio e aplicação do Porcelain Primer; grupo 3 jateamento com óxido de alumínio e aplicação do Composite Activator; grupo 4 - jateamento com óxido de alumínio e aplicação do Artglass Liquid; grupo 5 - condicionamento com ácido fosfórico; grupo 6 - condicionamento com ácido fosfórico e aplicação do Porcelain Primer; grupo 7 - condicionamento com ácido fosfórico e aplicação do Composite Activator; grupo 8 condicionamento com ácido fosfórico e aplicação do Artglass Liquid; grupo 9 - condicionamento com ácido fluorídrico; grupo 10 - condicionamento COIIJ ácido fluorídrico e aplicação do Porcelain Primer; grupo 11 - condicionamento com ácido fluorídrico e aplicação do Composite Activator; grupo 12 - condicionamento com ácido fluorídrico e aplicação do Artglass Liquid. Após o tratamento, as amostras foram unidas em pares com auxílio do sistema adesivo e do cimento resinoso manipulados de acordo com as instruções do fabricante. Em seguida, os corpos-de-prova foram armazenados a 37 'GRAUS'C com umidade relativa do ar em 100%, durante 24 horas e, logo após, foram submetidos a 500 ciclos térmicos ajustados às temperaturas de 5'GRAUS'C, 37°C e 60°C, com duração de 30 segundos cada. Decorrido o período de 48 horas, os corpos-de-prova foram submetidos ao ensaio de tração em uma máquina de ensaio universal (Otto Wolpert Werke, Germany), a uma velocidade de 6 mm/minuto. As médias dos resultados obtidos foram: grupo 1 - 11,46 MPa; grupo 2 - 12,28 MPa; grupo 3 - 9,45 MPa, grupo 4 - 11,53 MPa; grupo 5 - 3,83 MPa; grupo 6 - 4,84 MPa; grupo 7 - 3,94 MPa; grupo 8 - 5,67 MPa; grupo 9 - 6,51 MPa; grupo 10 - 6,36 MPa; grupo 11 - 7,86 MPa; grupo 12 - 8,34 MPa. A seguir os resultados foram submetidos análise de variância e ao Teste de Tukey. Após os testes de resistência à tração as amostras foram examinadas em lupa estereoscópica com aumento de 16 vezes, onde foi verificado predomínio de fraturas coesivas do polímero de vidro para os grupos tratados com jateamento com óxido de alumínio. O efeito dos tratamentos de superfície foi analisado com auxílio de um microscópio eletrônico de varredura (Zeiss DSM 960, Germany). Os resultados indicaram que o maior valor de resistência de união foi obtido através do jateamento com óxido de alumínio associado ao agente de silanização. Nos demais grupos onde também foi realizado o jateamento com óxido de alumínio os valores de resistência de união foram superiores e diferentes estatisticamente, quando comparados aos outros grupos, com exceção da associação do ácido fluorídrico com o Composite Activator, que não diferiu do grupo 3. A análise através de M.E.V. das superfícies tratadas demonstrou um padrão morfológico mais favorável ao imbricamento micromecânico produzido com o jateamento com óxido de alumínio
Abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of different superficial treatment of glass polymeric material Artglass (Heraeus, Kulzer). The effect of the silane agent application (Porcelain Primer - Bisco, lnc., ltasca, IL), a superficial Composite activator mixture (Composite Activator - Disco, Inc., ltasca, lL) and also the Artglass Liquid was verified in the tensile strength with adhesive system AllBond 2 (Bisco, lnc., !tasca, lL) associated with the resin cement Choice Porcelain Venner System (Bisco, lnc., !tasca, IL). Two hundred and torty samples were made and divided into 12 groups. Each group contained 20 samples submitted to treatments: Group 1 sandblasting with aluminum oxide; Group 2 - sandblasting with aluminum oxide and Porcelain Primer application; Group 3 - sandblasting with aluminum oxide and Composite Activator application; Group 4 - sandblasting with aluminum oxide and Artglass liquid application; Group 5 - acid etching with phosphoric acid; Group 6 - acid etching with phosphoric acid and Porcelain Primer application; Group 7 - acid etching with phosphoric acid and Composite Activator application; Group 8 acid etching with phosphoric acid and Artglass Liquid application; Group 9 acid etching with hydrofluoridric acid; Group 10 - acid etching with hydrofluoridric acid and Porcelain Primer application; Group 11 - acid etching with hydrotluoridric acid and Composite Activator application; Group 12 - acid etching with. hydrofluoridric acid and Artglass Liquid application. Following the treatment, the samples were bonded into pairs with the adhesive system and the resin cement, applied according with the manufacturer's instructions. Then, the samples were stored in 37° with a relative humidity of 100% during 24 hours. Submitted into 500 thermal circles, adjusted to 5 'DEGREE'C, 37 'DEGREE'C and 60'DEGREE'C, lasting 30 second each. After 48 hours, the samples were submitted to a tensile strength test in a Universal test machine (Otto Wolpert Werke, Germany) with a crosshead speed 6 mm / minute. The average results were : Group 1 - 11,46 MPa; Group 2 - 12,28 MPa; Group 3 - 9,45 MPa; Group 4 - 11,53 MPa; Group 5 - 3,83 MPa; Group 6 - 4,84 MPa; Group 7 - 3.94 MPa; Group 8 - 5,67 MPA; Group 9 - 6,51 MPA; Group 10 6,36 MPa; Group 11 - 7,86 MPa; Group 12 - 8,34 MPa. ThereFore, the results were submitted to Anova and Tukey Test. Then the samples were examined in a stereoscopic magnifying glass (x16), where it was verified the prevailing of cohesive rupture of the Glass Polymer in the groups treated with aluminum oxide sandblasting. The efFect of the superficial treatments was analyzed by a Scanning Electron Microscopy. The results indicated that sandblasting with aluminum oxide associated with the silane agent attained the biggest value of the bond strength. ln groups where the aluminum oxide sandblasting was performed the values presented were higher and statistically significant comparing with the others groups, except the association between hydrotluoridric acid and Composite Activator, which did not differ from group 3. The analysis of the treated surface was made using the Scanning Electron Microscopy and showed a more suitable morphologic pattem to the micromechanic retention produced with aluminum oxide sandblasting
Doutorado
Doutor em Materiais Dentários
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Counts, William Arthur. "Mechanical behavior of bolted composite joints at elevated temperature." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17315.
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Yan, Chang (Karen). "On homogenization and de-homogenization of composite materials /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2003. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/246.
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Somanath, Nagendra. "A finite element cure model and cure cycle optimization for composite structures." Thesis, This resource online, 1987. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04272010-020304/.
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Call, Russell Kent. "Parameter establishment and verification of a fabrication stress model and a thermo-kinetic cure model for filament wound structures." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08142009-040256/.
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Chang, Sheau-Miin. "Critical evaluation of strong organic fibers vis-a-vis mechanical performance in flexible structures." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8479.
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Kokan, David R. "Development and use of an improved filament-winding process model." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/12261.
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Ward, William F. "A theoretical investigation into the inelastic behavior of metal-matrix composites." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17244.
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Veazie, David R. "Modeling of fiber reinforced composites incorporating distinct interface properties." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17385.
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Kothidar, Arjun. "Use of finite element method to evaluate the strength response of notched composite laminates under tension." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2008/A_Kothidar_120508.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in mechanical engineering)--Washington State University, December 2008.Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 6, 2009). "Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering." Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-118).
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Wood, Geoffrey Michael. "Treatment of polyethylene fibre for improved fibre to resin adhesion in composite applications." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28528.
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Tensile properties of polyethylene fibres are shown to be very good in comparison to properties of other advanced composite reinforcing fibres. Nevertheless, the use of polyethylene fibres in polymeric matrix composites suffers due to a poor fibre to resin adhesion. However, its ballistic properties are excellent because of the poor adhesion and also fibre ductility.
Applications involving structural use of polyethylene fibres are limited by, among others, the low compressive and shear strengths. These are affected strongly by the degree of adhesion. Improvements in bonding are expected to result in greater commercial appeal for the fibres as the property limitations are reduced.
Ultra Violet radiation has been shown previously, in laboratory scale batch studies, to induce graft co-polymerization of monomers to polyethylene films. Improvements in wettability and adhesion result when the grafted polymer is compatible to the bonding medium. In this study the technique was adapted to bench scale, continuous fibre treatment, whereby the monomer was surface grafted to the polyethylene substrate. Acrylic acid monomer was used for this due to its relative safety, small molecular size, and high reactivity. Reaction initiation was provided by use of a benzophenone photosensitizer due to the stability of polyethylene to UV radiation. The reaction was performed by pre-coating the fibres with reactants, then exposure to UV radiation. Results of the continuous process for fibre treatment indicate that the monomer concentration and temperature of the preliminary soakings are key variables.
Adhesion improvement was measured by single fibre pullout tests and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) tests. Of these, the ILSS appeared to be more sensitive for judging small improvements. Tensile tests were used to judge property deterioration due to treatment, and flexural property tests gave a preliminary indication of material behavior. The ILSS showed marked improvement from 1.5 ksi for untreated material to over 5.2 ksi for the better treatments. A competing treatment, plasma, shows ILSS values around 3 ksi. The flexural test indicated that failure of UV-grafted polyethylene was in tension, whereas failure of plasma and untreated material was in compression.
The study has proven successful in improving the adhesion of polyethylene fibres to an epoxy resin matrix. Commercial viability is currently being developed through decreased process residence times and irradiation exposures.Applied Science, Faculty of
Materials Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Wright, Richard J. "Bolt bearing creep behavior of highly loaded polymer matrix composites at elevated temperatures." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17362.
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Bulsara, Vatsal N. "Effects of fiber spatial distribution and interphase on transverse damage in fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21429.
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Gopalan, Sriram. "Quasi-static and dynamic mechanical characterization of reinforced polyurethane foam /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418024.
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Wu, Xiang. "Thermoforming continuous fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9383.
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Hsu, Sheng-yuan. "On the prediction of compressive strength and propagation stress of aligned fiber-matrix composites /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Gambone, Livio R. "The effect of R-ratio on the mode II fatigue delamination growth of unidirectional carbon/epoxy composites." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29968.
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An investigation of the effect of R-ratio on the mode II fatigue delamination of AS4/3501-6 carbon/epoxy composites has been undertaken. Experiments have been performed on end notched cantilever beam specimens over a wide range of R-ratios (-l ≤R ≤0.50). The measured delamination growth rate data have been correlated with the mode II values of strain energy release rate range ∆G[formula omitted]), maximum strain energy release rate (G[formula omitted]) and stress intensity factor range (∆K[formula omitted]). The growth rate is dependent on the R-ratio over the range tested. For a constant level of ∆G[formula omitted], the crack growth rate decreases with increasing R-ratio. A similar trend is observed when the data is plotted as a function of G[formula omitted]. The effect of plotting the growth rate as a function of ∆K[formula omitted] is to produce an R-ratio dependence opposite to that obtained by either the ∆G[formula omitted] or G[formula omitted] approach. For a constant level of ∆K[formula omitted], the crack growth rate increases with increasing R-ratio.
Master equations which completely characterize the fatigue behaviour as a function of ∆G[formula omitted] and ∆K[formula omitted] have been derived, based on the observation that the growth rate law exponent, n and constant, A are unique functions of R-ratio. Values for n are surprisingly large and increase with increasing R-ratio whereas values for A decrease with increasing R-ratio.
The effect of time-at-load has been considered in an attempt to explain the existence of the R-ratio dependence of the growth rate. The correct trend can be established for the exponent, n but not for the constant, A. Friction between the crack faces, particularly at higher R-ratios, is proposed as a possible explanation for the observed anomaly. Further evidence of a frictional mechanism operating at higher R-ratios has been discovered through a postmortem fracture surface examination.
Additional fractographic observations are presented over the entire range of R-ratios tested. In regions subjected to negative R-ratio cycling, there is no evidence of the characteristic mode II hackle features. Instead, loose rounded particles of matrix material are found. An extensive amount of hackling is observed in regions subjected to low positive R-ratio cycles. The extent of hackle damage visibly decreases in areas where higher levels of R-ratio are imposed. A correlation between the general fracture surface morphology and the fatigue data provides support for the hypothesis that energy for delamination is always available in sufficient quantity, and that growth is dependent on the stresses ahead of the crack tip being sufficiently high.Applied Science, Faculty of
Materials Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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James, Aaron. "Development of composites materials from waste paper and plastic." Australian Digital Thesis Program, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au/public/adt-VSWT20070130.165426/index.html.
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Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, Industrial Research Institute Swinburne - 2006.A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Industrial Research Institute Swinburne, Swinburne University of Technology - 2006. Typescript. "August 2006". Includes bibliographical references (p. 361-389).
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Abrahão, Ana Beatriz Ramos Moreira [UNESP]. "Otimização do processo de soldagem por resistência elétrica em compósitos PEI/fibras contínuas para aplicações aeronáuticas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/127942.
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000846966.pdf: 13367025 bytes, checksum: e59ba0e51ffa0493423b80aa0e707de3 (MD5)As matrizes poliméricas atualmente disponíveis para compósitos avançados têm evoluído progressivamente como alternativa para a indústria aeronáutica sendo que nos últimos anos diversas matrizes termoplásticas especiais e de alto desempenho mecânico vem sendo estudadas para utilização na fabricação de compósitos avançados. Dentre as matrizes termoplásticas mais utilizadas na área aeronáutica destaca-se a poli(éter-imida) (PEI) por apresentar baixo custo, boas propriedades mecânicas e ser de fácil manuseio. Por outro lado, um dos principais problemas da utilização de compósitos termoplásticos em aplicações estruturais consiste em sua união efetiva para a integração de componentes. Entre os diversos métodos disponíveis destinados à soldagem, a utilização do processo de soldagem por resistência elétrica vem sendo considerado como um dos mais promissores para união de compósitos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a otimização do processo de soldagem por resistência elétrica utilizando compósitos de matriz constituída do polímero termoplástico PEI reforçado por fibras contínuas de vidro, carbono e por um sistema híbrido constituído de fibras de carbono e de vidro, com foco em aplicações aeronáuticas. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho, foi utilizado um planejamento experimental para a determinação e otimização dos melhores parâmetros sendo aqui considerados tempo, corrente elétrica e pressão na soldagem de laminados em estudo. Além disso, foram avaliados 4 tipos de elementos resistivos (malhas metálicas de aço inox de 100, 200 e 300 mesh e fibra de carbono com bronze). Os melhores parâmetros de otimização foram determinados a partir de ensaios de Lap Shear. Baseando-se nos resultados encontrados quanto à otimização destes sistemas, foi concluído que para o compósito PEI/ fibra de vidro os melhores valores ...( Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Thermoplastic composites reinforced with continuous fibers are being studied in a wide range of applications, such as commercial use for their low cost and for engineering with higher associated value. Currently, available polymer matrices for advanced composites have been progressively developed as an alternative for the aeronautical industry and, in the latest years, several special and high performance thermoplastic matrices have been studied for their use in manufacturing advanced composites. Among the thermoplastic matrixes, the poly (ether imide) (PEI) should be highlighted due mainly to its low cost, good mechanical properties, and for being easy to be handled. Moreover, a major problem concerning the use of thermoplastic polymer composites for structural applications is their effectiveness in the integration of structural components. Among the methods available for welding these composites is the use of the electrical resistance welding process which has been considered as the most promising for joining composites. The present work aims to optimize the welding process using electrical resistance matrix composites, consisting of thermoplastic polymer PEI reinforced by glass fiber, carbon fiber and a hybrid system consisting of carbon fiber and glass fiber for aeronautical applications. For the development this work, an experimental design was carried out to determine optimal parameters of time, electrical current and pressure on the welding of the laminates used in this study. Also it was evaluate 4 types of resistive elements (metal mesh stainless steel 100, 200 and 300 mesh, and carbon fiber with bronze). The best optimization parameters were confirmed from the Lap Shear tests. From the main results of these optimization, it was concluded that, for PEI / glass fiber laminates, the best acquired experimental values of current, ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Lee, Jaehong. "Vibration, buckling and postbuckling of laminated composites with delaminations." Diss., This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-170322/.
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Souza, André Rangel. "Obtenção e caracterização de compostos de poli(etér-siloxano) e titanato de bário." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-17082010-104230/.
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O desenvolvimento da sociedade humana somente atingiu o estágio atual devido à utilização de materiais compósitos de diferentes misturas, que vem desempenhando um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento da sociedade moderna. Com a finalidade de explorar o crescente interesse nas pesquisas de novos materiais, este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre as propriedades do compósito elastomérico a base de poli(éter-siloxano) e sólido particulado cerâmico de titanato de bário (3 BaTiO). Amostras com quantidades adequadas dos componentes, matriz polimérica não curada e particulada de titanato de bário, foram curadas em diferentes concentrações (puro, 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 %) por meio de mistura em massa em uma câmara glove box em ambiente de nitrogênio, até obtenção de mistura homogênea. O copolímero puro e uma série de compósitos com diferentes concentrações foram submetidos a ensaios de inchamento, análises térmicas gravimétricas, calorimetria diferencial exploratória, caracterização morfológica por microscopia eletrônica de varredura, ensaios mecânicos de tração e medidas elétricas. Por meio dessa série de técnicas de caracterização foram observadas propriedades bem distintas entre o polímero puro e os compósitos, caracterizado pelo aumento das ligações cruzadas. Neste trabalho foi também construído um capacitor de placas paralelas para teste de capacitância elétrica dos materiais preparados, visando o estudo do comportamento elétrico dos materiais em estudo.The present development of the human society should be credited to the use of the composite and blend materials. In this dissertation composites of an elastomer, poly(ether-siloxane), along with barium titanate are prepared and their properties are studied. Nanoparticles of barium titanate were incorporated in the elastomer in the range 0-50 wt% through bulk mixing under nitrogen atmosphere in a glovebox, using a porcelain mortar and pestle. The mixtures thus prepared were placed in molds and allowed to cure in order to prepare specimens for properties analyses. The composites were submitted to swelling tests, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), mechanical strength tension test, electrical measurements and electron scanning microscopy (SEM). It was possible to make a correlation between the observed properties and the morphology and composition of the composites. Additionally, a parallel plates capacitor for injection and test of small samples was built and used to evaluate the electrical capacitance of the composites prepared in this work.
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Brocks, Thatiane [UNESP]. "Compósito estrutural carbono/epóxi via RTM para aplicação aeronáutica: processamento e caracterização." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94458.
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brocks_t_me_guara.pdf: 1127902 bytes, checksum: d3d7631f1ee3c081efb6530997375ebd (MD5)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
A indústria aeronáutica nacional tem intensificado sua busca por materiais alternativos, com características e propriedades que permitam a substituição segura do material metálico. Com o objetivo de ganhar competitividade no mercado internacional e contribuir para o desenvolvimento tecnológico no país, o presente trabalho apresenta a técnica de processamento de moldagem por transferência de resina (RTM), utilizada na fabricação de materiais compósitos estruturais e ainda pouco estudada no Brasil. Os compósitos processados por essa técnica apresentam maior fração volumétrica de fibras, melhor acabamento superficial e pouca ou nenhuma necessidade de acabamento do componente produzido. Este trabalho compreende o processamento e a caracterização de compósitos produzidos com resina epóxi monocomponente Cycom 890 e dois tipos de tecidos, plain weave e twill 2x2, ambos de fibra de carbono. Para a determinação dos parâmetros de processamento, a resina foi caracterizada quanto aos seus comportamentos térmico e viscoso. Com base nos resultados e testes preliminares foi determinada a temperatura mais adequada de injeção em 100°C, a pressão de injeção entre 0,2 e 0,4 MPa e de vácuo em 250 mPa.s. Os compósitos produzidos foram analisados pela técnica de ultrassom C-Scan e os resultados mostraram que os laminados processados estão homogêneos quanto à impregnação. Testes de tração mostram que os laminados com tecido tipo Twill apresentam maior média de resistência à tração, enquanto que a diferença de trama não influencia significativamente às propriedades de flexão e cisalhamento, que se mostraram superiores as propriedades de compósitos produzidos em autoclave com maiores porcentagens de reforço. Em fadiga, ambos os laminados apresentaram um curto intervalo, com tensões próximas à de tração, no entanto, o laminado PW/Cycom apresentou maior...
The national aeronautical industry has intensified your search for alternative materials, with characteristics and properties that allow the safety replacement of metallic material. The goal is to gain competitiveness on international market and contribute with technological development in the country. This work presents a processing technique of resin transfer molding (RTM), used on manufacture of structural composites and understudied in Brazil. Composites processed by this method have a higher fibers volume fraction, better surface finish and little or no finishing require of produced component. This work includes the processing and characterization of composites made with monocomponent epoxy resin Cycon 890 and two types of carbon fiber fabrics, plain weave and twill 2x2. To determine processing parameters, the resin was characterized regarding thermal behavior and viscosity. Based on this results and preliminary tests, it was determined the most appropiate injection temperature at 100°C, the injection pressure between 0.2 and 0.4 MPa and vacuum pressure in 250 mPa.s. Composites produced were analyzed by C-scan ultrasound technique showing a homogeneous impregnation of processed panels. Tensile and flexural tests characterized mechanically composites, allowing seeing that Twill fabric has higher medium tensile performance, while the difference of weft does not influence significantly the flexural and shear properties, that are superior than properties of composites made by autoclaving with higher reinforced volume. In fatigue, both composites showed short interval, close to ultimate tensile strength (uts), however, the PW/Cycom laminated showed higher fatigue resistance, with an interval between 85-92% of uts. About the thermal behavior, it was observed an improvement in properties with the addition of carbon... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Vogler, Tracy John. "On the failure and post-failure of fiber composites in compression /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Ellerby, Donald Thomas. "Processing and mechanical properties of metal-ceramic composites with controlled microstructure formed by reactive metal penetration /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10583.
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Zhang, Fangzhou. "Multiscale modeling of laminated composites under extreme environmental conditions." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DENS0027/document.
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À haute température, l'oxygène réagit avec la matrice organique du matériau composite, ce qui change les propriétés du matériau et réduit la résistance à la rupture globale. Mais la compréhension de la dégradation du composite stratifié oxydé, en particulier son comportement à l'échelle du pli, est aujourd'hui limitée et phénoménologique. Les travaux dans cette thèse ont été réalisés pour donner notre contribution sur les aspects méthodologiques de ce sujet. Des essais sont réalisés pour caractériser expérimentalement le comportement d'éprouvette oxydée : en particulier, un nouveau essai, l'essai 'oxy-délaminage', a été développé pour identifier la ténacité du matériau composite vieilli. Une stratégie a été proposée d'étudier le problème à partir des propriétés de la matrice oxydée à l'échelle fibre/matrice et jusqu'à la reproduction et la prédiction du comportement de fissuration transversale des échantillons oxydés à échelle méso via un procédé d'homogénéisationAt high temperature, the oxygen reacts with the organic matrix of composite material, which changes the material properties and reduces the resistance to global failure. But understanding on the degradation of the oxidized composite laminate, particularly its damage behavior, is now limited and phenomenological. Work in this thesis has been made to give our contribution to the methodological aspects of this topic. Tests are performed to characterize experimentally the behaviors of the oxidized specimens: in particular, a new test test oxy-delamination ', was developed to identify the tenacity of composite material aged. A strategy has been proposed to study the problem from the properties the oxidized matrix at the fiber/matrix scale up to the reproduction and predicting the behavior of transverse cracking of the sample at the scale of a ply via a homogenization process
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Peterson, Nels Royal. "Wood-thermoplastic composites manufactured using beetle-killed spruce from Alaska's Kenai Peninsula." Online access for everyone, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2008/N_Peterson_060508.pdf.
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Sacks, Serena. "Effects of thermal aging on the mechanical behavior of K3B matrix material and its relationship to composite behavior." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18865.
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Breunig, Thomas M. "Nondestructive evaluation of damage in SiC/Al metal matrix composite using x-ray tomographic microscopy." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19999.
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Klug, Jeremy Hager. "High-performance adhesive systems for polymer composite bonding applications /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9883.
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Anegunta, Swetha. "Manufacture and rehabilitation of guard-rail posts using composites for superior performance." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1419.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2000.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 153 p. : ill. (some col.) Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 120-123).
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Na, Gwang-Seok. "Load-displacement behavior of frame structures composed of fiber reinforced polymeric composite materials." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26699.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Dr. Leroy Z. Emkin; Committee Co-Chair: Dr. Abdul-Hamid Zureick; Committee Member: Dr. Dewey H. Hodges; Committee Member: Dr. Kenneth M. Will; Committee Member: Dr. Rami M. Haj-ali. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Teh, Kuen Tat. "Impact damage resistance and tolerance of advanced composite material systems." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-170512/.
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Tompson, Carl G. "Radiographic determination of the lay-up influence on fatigue damage development under bearing/bypass conditions." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29689.
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Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.Committee Chair: Dr. Steve Johnson; Committee Member: Dr. Andrew Makeev; Committee Member: Kyriaki Kalaitzidou. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Do, Nascimento Oliveira Jose Emidio. "Deformation and damage analysis of composite beams equipped with polyvinylidene fluoride film sensors /." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008. http://dk.cput.ac.za/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1001&context=td_cput.
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Galvão, Luís Flávio Balieiro [UNESP]. "A influência do processo de cura nas propriedades do compósito estrutural carbono/epóxi fabricado via VARTM: processamento e caracterização." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94411.
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galvao_lfb_me_guara.pdf: 5860874 bytes, checksum: c57fbd9408296bb95c9dc0c8db4822c3 (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A indústria de transporte como um todo tem intensificado sua busca por materiais e processos de fabricação que atendam as necessidades de redução de custo e peso. Esta busca entretanto deve estar correlacionada ao aumento da resistência mecânica e da produtibilidade de peças cada vez mais complexas. Desta forma, o processo de infusão de resina líquida como a Moldagem por Transferência de Resina Assistida por Vácuo (VARTM) vem se destacando, em especial na indústria aeronáutica, como um meio de produção destas peças. O presente trabalho visa avaliar comparativamente laminados processados pelo método VARTM polimerizados de diferentes formas, onde um dos laminados foi polimerizado em uma estufa e outro polimerizado por meio do aquecimento do molde de infusão. Cada um dos laminados possuía três espessuras, e foram produzidos com resina epóxi bi-componente e tecido plain weave de fibra de carbono. Para a determinação dos parâmetros de processamento, a resina foi caracterizada quanto ao comportamento térmico. Para avaliar a presença de defeitos (poros e vazios) foi utilizada a inspeção por ultrassom, a digestão ácida e a porosimetria de mercúrio. Para a caracterização mecânica, foram utilizados os ensaios de resistência à tração, cisalhamento no plano e cisalhamento interlaminar, com posterior análise fractográfica. Os laminados produzidos tiveram suas propriedades térmicas avaliadas pela análise dinâmico-mecânica. Os resultados destas análises mostraram uma baixa influência do processo de cura sobre as propriedades dos compósitos produzidos e uma limitação na utilização do VARTM para produção de laminados com elevada espessura
The transportation industry has intensified materials research and manufacturing processes development in order to reduce cost and weight, linked to increase mechanical strength and reproducibility of complex parts. In this regarding the liquid resin infusion process such as Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) has been highlighting, specially for the aircraft components. The present work aims to compare two composites laminates processed in different cure program. One of them was cured in an oven and other one by heating the manufacturing mold using electrical resistance. Each laminate was manufactured with three thickness using a bi-component epoxy resin and plain weave carbon fiber fabric, processed by VARTM. For choose process parameters the resin thermal behavior was conducted. In order to evaluate the presence of defects (voids and poros) ultrasonic inspection, acid digestion evaluation and mercury porosimetry technique were used. For the mechanical characterization tensile, in-plane shear and interlaminar shear tests were used, with subsequent fractographic analysis by SEM. Laminates also had its thermal behavior evaluated by a dynamic mechanical analysis. Results showed a low influence of curing process over laminate properties and a limitation of VARTM process application to manufacture parts with a high number of plies
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Brocks, Thatiane. "Compósito estrutural carbono/epóxi via RTM para aplicação aeronáutica : processamento e caracterização /." Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94458.
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Orientador: Maria Odila Hilário CioffiCoorientador: Herman Jacobus Cornelis Voorwald
Banca: Mirabel Cerqueira Rezende
Banca: Carlos Alberto Cimini Junior
Resumo: A indústria aeronáutica nacional tem intensificado sua busca por materiais alternativos, com características e propriedades que permitam a substituição segura do material metálico. Com o objetivo de ganhar competitividade no mercado internacional e contribuir para o desenvolvimento tecnológico no país, o presente trabalho apresenta a técnica de processamento de moldagem por transferência de resina (RTM), utilizada na fabricação de materiais compósitos estruturais e ainda pouco estudada no Brasil. Os compósitos processados por essa técnica apresentam maior fração volumétrica de fibras, melhor acabamento superficial e pouca ou nenhuma necessidade de acabamento do componente produzido. Este trabalho compreende o processamento e a caracterização de compósitos produzidos com resina epóxi monocomponente Cycom 890 e dois tipos de tecidos, plain weave e twill 2x2, ambos de fibra de carbono. Para a determinação dos parâmetros de processamento, a resina foi caracterizada quanto aos seus comportamentos térmico e viscoso. Com base nos resultados e testes preliminares foi determinada a temperatura mais adequada de injeção em 100°C, a pressão de injeção entre 0,2 e 0,4 MPa e de vácuo em 250 mPa.s. Os compósitos produzidos foram analisados pela técnica de ultrassom C-Scan e os resultados mostraram que os laminados processados estão homogêneos quanto à impregnação. Testes de tração mostram que os laminados com tecido tipo Twill apresentam maior média de resistência à tração, enquanto que a diferença de trama não influencia significativamente às propriedades de flexão e cisalhamento, que se mostraram superiores as propriedades de compósitos produzidos em autoclave com maiores porcentagens de reforço. Em fadiga, ambos os laminados apresentaram um curto intervalo, com tensões próximas à de tração, no entanto, o laminado PW/Cycom apresentou maior... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The national aeronautical industry has intensified your search for alternative materials, with characteristics and properties that allow the safety replacement of metallic material. The goal is to gain competitiveness on international market and contribute with technological development in the country. This work presents a processing technique of resin transfer molding (RTM), used on manufacture of structural composites and understudied in Brazil. Composites processed by this method have a higher fibers volume fraction, better surface finish and little or no finishing require of produced component. This work includes the processing and characterization of composites made with monocomponent epoxy resin Cycon 890 and two types of carbon fiber fabrics, plain weave and twill 2x2. To determine processing parameters, the resin was characterized regarding thermal behavior and viscosity. Based on this results and preliminary tests, it was determined the most appropiate injection temperature at 100°C, the injection pressure between 0.2 and 0.4 MPa and vacuum pressure in 250 mPa.s. Composites produced were analyzed by C-scan ultrasound technique showing a homogeneous impregnation of processed panels. Tensile and flexural tests characterized mechanically composites, allowing seeing that Twill fabric has higher medium tensile performance, while the difference of weft does not influence significantly the flexural and shear properties, that are superior than properties of composites made by autoclaving with higher reinforced volume. In fatigue, both composites showed short interval, close to ultimate tensile strength (uts), however, the PW/Cycom laminated showed higher fatigue resistance, with an interval between 85-92% of uts. About the thermal behavior, it was observed an improvement in properties with the addition of carbon... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Galvão, Luís Flávio Balieiro. "A influência do processo de cura nas propriedades do compósito estrutural carbono/epóxi fabricado via VARTM : processamento e caracterização /." Guaratinguetá : [s.n.], 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94411.
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Orientador: Maria Odila Hilario CioffiBanca: Tessie Gouvea da Cruz
Banca: Mirabel Cerqueira Rezende
Resumo: A indústria de transporte como um todo tem intensificado sua busca por materiais e processos de fabricação que atendam as necessidades de redução de custo e peso. Esta busca entretanto deve estar correlacionada ao aumento da resistência mecânica e da produtibilidade de peças cada vez mais complexas. Desta forma, o processo de infusão de resina líquida como a Moldagem por Transferência de Resina Assistida por Vácuo (VARTM) vem se destacando, em especial na indústria aeronáutica, como um meio de produção destas peças. O presente trabalho visa avaliar comparativamente laminados processados pelo método VARTM polimerizados de diferentes formas, onde um dos laminados foi polimerizado em uma estufa e outro polimerizado por meio do aquecimento do molde de infusão. Cada um dos laminados possuía três espessuras, e foram produzidos com resina epóxi bi-componente e tecido plain weave de fibra de carbono. Para a determinação dos parâmetros de processamento, a resina foi caracterizada quanto ao comportamento térmico. Para avaliar a presença de defeitos (poros e vazios) foi utilizada a inspeção por ultrassom, a digestão ácida e a porosimetria de mercúrio. Para a caracterização mecânica, foram utilizados os ensaios de resistência à tração, cisalhamento no plano e cisalhamento interlaminar, com posterior análise fractográfica. Os laminados produzidos tiveram suas propriedades térmicas avaliadas pela análise dinâmico-mecânica. Os resultados destas análises mostraram uma baixa influência do processo de cura sobre as propriedades dos compósitos produzidos e uma limitação na utilização do VARTM para produção de laminados com elevada espessura
Abstract:The transportation industry has intensified materials research and manufacturing processes development in order to reduce cost and weight, linked to increase mechanical strength and reproducibility of complex parts. In this regarding the liquid resin infusion process such as Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) has been highlighting, specially for the aircraft components. The present work aims to compare two composites laminates processed in different cure program. One of them was cured in an oven and other one by heating the manufacturing mold using electrical resistance. Each laminate was manufactured with three thickness using a bi-component epoxy resin and plain weave carbon fiber fabric, processed by VARTM. For choose process parameters the resin thermal behavior was conducted. In order to evaluate the presence of defects (voids and poros) ultrasonic inspection, acid digestion evaluation and mercury porosimetry technique were used. For the mechanical characterization tensile, in-plane shear and interlaminar shear tests were used, with subsequent fractographic analysis by SEM. Laminates also had its thermal behavior evaluated by a dynamic mechanical analysis. Results showed a low influence of curing process over laminate properties and a limitation of VARTM process application to manufacture parts with a high number of plies
Mestre
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Joyce, Peter James. "Experimental investigation of defect criticality in FRP laminate composites /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Oliveira, Cibele Aparecida de [UNESP]. "Otimização do processamento para obtenção de compósitos polímero/cerâmica com propriedades piezo e piroelétricas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92050.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Materiais eletrocerâmicos possuem diversas aplicações, tais como: capacitor de multicamadas, transdutores, sensor piroelétrico e dispositivos eletro-ópticos. Nos últimos anos, tem ocorrido uma crescente demanda por eletrocerâmicas de melhor desempenho e funcionalidade acelerando o desenvolvimento de técnicas de síntese e visando a produção de pós com partículas bem definidas em tamanho, forma e cristalinidade. O método dos precursores poliméricos e a síntese hidrotérmica, tem se destacado entre as demais técnicas, pois são consideradas ideais para a preparação destas partículas. Baseado neste contexto, este projeto teve como objetivo utilizar o método dos precursores poliméricos e a síntese hidrotérmica assistida por microondas para preparar pós com estrutura perovskitas, como o titanato zirconato de chumbo Pb(Zrx,Ti1-x)O3, com tamanho de partículas controlado, boa cristalinidade e estabilidade química. A cerâmica foi associada a um polímero para formar um compósito na forma de filmes. O polímero usado foi fluoreto de polivinideno, PVDF, já conhecido na literatura. Foram controlados o tamanho das partículas cerâmicas e a espessura dos filmes compósitos visando estabelecer um ótimo para as propriedades piezoelétricas e piroelétricas. A polarização tornou-se mais efetiva com a inclusão do polímero condutor a polianilina (PAni). A condutividade foi controlada pelos processos de protonação, desprotonação e reprotonação. Os resultados mostraram que é possível obter filmes compósitos e a melhor proporção foi de 30/70 v/v (cerâmica/polímero) garantindo boas propriedades eletrocerâmicas e ainda a flexibilidade proporcionada pelo polímero. Para a formação do compósito, PZT-PAni-rp/PVDF, a melhor condição encontrada foi para os filmes...
Electroceramic materials have many applications such as multilayer capacitor, transducer, pyroelectric sensor and electro-optical devices. In recent years, there has been a growing demand for electroceramics with better performance and functionality, accelerating the development of synthesis techniques and focusing on the production of powders with well-defined particle size, shape and crystallinity. The polymeric precursor method developed by Pechini and hydrothermal synthesis have stood out among the other techniques and they are considered ideal for the preparation of these particles. Based on this context, this project aimed to use the polymeric precursor method and hydrothermal synthesis assisted by microwave to prepare powders with perovskite structure, such as lead zirconate titanate Pb (Zrx, Ti1-x) O3, with controlled particle size, good crystallinity and chemical stability. The ceramic was associated with a polymer to form a composite in the form of films. The used polymer was polyvinylidene fluoride, PVDF, already known in the literature. We controlled the size of the ceramic particles and the thickness of the composite films to establish the best for the pyroelectric and piezoelectric properties. The polarization has become more effective with the inclusion of the conducting polymer polyaniline (PAni). The conductivity was controlled by the processes of protonation, deprotonation - reprotonation. The results showed that is possible to obtain composite films and the best ratio was 30/70 v / v (ceramic / polymer) electroceramics ensuring good properties and also the flexibility offered by the polymer. To formation the composite PZT-PAni-rp/PVDF, was the best condition found for the films that the PZT was obtained by the method of the polymeric precursor to larger particle sizes and rounded morphology... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Lin, Shih-Yung. "Feasibility of fiber reinforced composite materials used in highway bridge superstructures." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45894.
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Composite materials are considered here as structural materials of highway bridge superstructures. Bridge deck designs can be done according to AASHTO1 specification and elastic design concepts.
In order to evaluate the feasibility of composites as structural materials of highway bridge superstructures, composite materials are compared not only to composite materials themselves but also to the most popular bridge structural materials, which are reinforced concrete and structural steel.
The AASHTO1 HS2O-44 truck load is selected as the standard loading condition of all designs. Loads other than dead load and live load are not considered. Configurations of the bridges are different. Appropriate cross-section of girders are selected according to the material types. For fiber reinforced composite materials, box girder is used, for reinforced concrete, T-beam is selected; in addition, steel concrete composite section is another case.
Design methods are different from material to material. Reinforced concrete T-beam design is based on the 'Ultimate Strength Design' method. Steel concrete composite sections are designed according to the 'Load & Resistance Factor Design'. For composite materials, 'Elastic Design' is selected.
The results derived are as expected. Substantial weight saving is achieved by simply replacing concrete or steel with composite materials. This also results in many other advantages such as construction time, cost, foundation settlement and support requirements.
Master of Science