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Journal articles on the topic 'Composites'
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1
Zhou, Hao, Qing Meng Zhang, Qun Tang, Hang Cui, Yao Hua Xu, and Jun Du. "Effect of the Difference in Dielectric Constant of the Phases on Dielectric Property of the Composites." Materials Science Forum 814 (March 2015): 137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.814.137.
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The composites have a great use in practical application. In common, the phases in composite have different relative dielectric constant and in order to reveal how the phases with different permittivity affect the composite’s dielectric properties, the experiments were carried out using inorganic and organic composite with different dielectric constant phases to make that clear. The barium niobate-based SiO2system glass–ceramic and fillers-epoxy resin composites were chosen, and the dielectric properties were tested to compare the difference of those composites. The results show that the existence of high dielectric constant phases in composites can improve the permittivity of composites and make the composites present ferroelectric properties, while the dielectric loss can also increased, and the difference in dielectric constant of the phases can decrease the dielectric breakdown strength.
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Kobayashi, Junya, Masahiro Kaneko, Chamaiporn Supachettapun, Kenji Takada, Tatsuo Kaneko, Joon Yang Kim, Minori Ishida, Mika Kawai, and Tetsu Mitsumata. "Mechanical Properties and Reinforcement of Paper Sheets Composited with Carboxymethyl Cellulose." Polymers 16, no. 1 (December 26, 2023): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym16010080.
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The mechanical properties for paper sheets composited with glucose (Glc), methyl cellulose (MC), and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) were investigated. The paper composites were prepared by immersing paper sheets in aqueous solutions of these materials and drying at 100 °C for 30 min. The stress–strain curves for these paper composites were measured by a uniaxial tensile apparatus with a stretching speed of 2 mm/min. The breaking stress and strain for untreated paper were 24 MPa and 0.016, respectively. The paper composites demonstrated stress–strain curves similar to the untreated paper; however, the breaking point largely differed for these composites. The breaking strain and breaking stress for the Glc composite slightly decreased and those for the MC composite gradually increased with the concentration of materials composited. Significant increases in the mechanical properties were observed for the CMC composite. The breaking stress, breaking strain, and breaking energy for the 3 wt.% CMC composite were 2.0-, 3.9-, and 8.0-fold higher than those for untreated paper, respectively. SEM photographs indicated that the CMC penetrated into the inner part of the paper. These results strongly suggest that the mechanical improvement for CMC composites can be understood as an enhancement of the bond strength between the paper fibrils by CMC, which acts as a bonding agent. It was also revealed that the breaking strain, breaking stress, and breaking energy for the CMC composites were at maximum at the first cycle and decreased gradually as the immersion cycles increased.
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Gc, V., R. Joshi, H. Giri, S. Sujakhu, and M. Shah. "Experimental Study of Mechanical Properties of Natural Fiber Polymer Composite." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1314, no. 1 (September 1, 2024): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1314/1/012005.
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Abstract Numerous studies and research projects have been conducted to develop natural fiber polymer composites. The researcher and engineers develop a composite by reinforcing natural fiber with a polymer that exhibits the desired mechanical properties. The experiment determines the composite’s mechanical properties, such as tensile, compression, flexural, and impact strength. This paper presents the experimental study of the natural fiber-reinforced composite, where hemp and jute fibers were reinforced with epoxy polymer as the test specimens for the experiment. The primary approach involved fabricating composite samples with fiber-weight fractions and matrix compositions. Then the appropriate sample is experimented with for its tensile strength, compression strength, and impact strength. Another property of the composite’s the composite’s water absorption was investigated through a water absorbability test. Key results show that composites containing a 30% weight fraction of natural hemp fiber demonstrated promising mechanical properties. This composite showed a tensile strength of 50 MPa, a compression strength of 55.6 N/m2, an impact strength of 58.9 kJ/m2, and a water absorbability of 7%. These results may offer valuable insight into the mechanical behavior of natural fiber composites, which can be used to optimize material design and engineering applications. Understanding the limitations and strengths of these composites allows for informed decision-making in selecting appropriate materials for specific engineering projects.
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Vedanarayanan, V., B. S. Praveen Kumar, M. S. Karuna, A. Jayanthi, K. V. Pradeep Kumar, A. Radha, G. Ramkumar, and David Christopher. "Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Behaviour of Kevlar and Ramie Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composites." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (February 2, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8802222.
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Natural fibre composites have been replacing synthetic fibre composites in practical applications for the last several years because of the features such as low densities, low weight, relatively inexpensive, recyclability, and excellent mechanical qualities unique to the substance. Thus, the current study examines how Kevlar/Ramie/Nano SiC hybrid fibre reinforced composites are made and their mechanical properties, and it compares them to those made using a single natural fibre reinforced composite. It was found that natural fibre composite densities and hardness were all within acceptable ranges by performing composites’ tensile and flexural strength tests. The hand-lay-up technique used ASTM standards samples to construct the composite specimens with various fibre weight percentages. Increase in mechanical characteristics was achieved by adding the glass and the epoxy fibres into the epoxy matrix. The hybrid composite’s performance is promising, especially those of individual fibre-reinforced composites.
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Kala, Shiva Kumar, and Chennakesava Reddy Alavala. "Enhancement of Mechanical and Wear Behavior of ABS/Teflon Composites." Trends in Sciences 19, no. 9 (April 8, 2022): 3670. http://dx.doi.org/10.48048/tis.2022.3670.
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In the present investigations, Most of the engineering applications of metallic materials are replaced by polymeric based composite materials. Because of the low cost and accessible handling of polymer composite materials such as Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) matrix materials are used to make the composites with additions of filler enhance the properties of the matrix materials. In the present study, ABS matrix material is used to make the composite materials by adding the Teflon materials. Investigations are carried out to find the enhancement of the composites' mechanical properties. Optimizing the process parameters is done to identify the composite's most optimum used to get composite with better mechanical properties. SEM analysis and wear Debris are investigated to study the microscopic surface nature and behavior of the composites.
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Skaria, Sunny, and Kenneth J. Berk. "Experimental Dental Composites Containing a Novel Methacrylate-Functionalized Calcium Phosphate Component: Evaluation of Bioactivity and Physical Properties." Polymers 13, no. 13 (June 25, 2021): 2095. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132095.
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The aim of this study was to synthesize and characterize a novel methacrylate-functionalized calcium phosphate (MCP) to be used as a bioactive compound for innovative dental composites. The characterization was accomplished by attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The incorporation of MCP as a bioactive filler in esthetic dental composite formulations and the ability of MCP containing dental composites to promote the precipitation of hydroxyapatite (HAp) on the surfaces of those dental composites was explored. The translucency parameter, depth of cure, degree of conversion, ion release profile, and other physical properties of the composites were studied with respect to the amount of MCP added to the composites. Composite with 3 wt.% MCP showed the highest flexural strength and translucency compared to the control composite and composites with 6 wt.% and 20 wt.% MCP. The progress of the surface precipitation of hydroxyapatite on the MCP containing dental composites was studied by systematically increasing the MCP content in the composite and the time of specimen storage in Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered solution with calcium and magnesium. The results suggested that good bioactivity properties are exhibited by MCP containing composites. A direct correlation between the percentage of MCP in a composite formulation, the amount of time the specimen was stored in PBS, and the deposition of hydroxyapatite on the composite’s surface was observed.
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Gopalan, Venkatachalam, Mugatha Surya Vardhan, Vishal Thakur, Annamalai Krishnamoorthy, Vignesh Pragasam, Mallikarjuna Reddy Degalahal, Pitchumani Shenbaga Velu, A. Raja Annamalai, and Chun-Ping Jen. "Studies on Numerical Buckling Analysis of Cellulose Microfibrils Reinforced Polymer Composites." Materials 16, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16030894.
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Scientists are drawn to the new green composites because they may demonstrate qualities that are comparable to those of composites made of synthetic fibers due to concerns about environmental contamination. In this work, the potential for using the produced green composite in different buckling load-bearing structural applications is explored. The work on composite buckling characteristics is vital because one needs to know the composite’s structural stability since buckling leads to structural instability. The buckling properties of composite specimens with epoxy as the matrix and chemically treated cellulose microfibrils as reinforcements are examined numerically in this study when exposed to axial compressive stress. The numerical model is first created based on the finite element method model. Its validity is checked using ANSYS software by contrasting the critical buckling loads determined through research for three samples. The numerical findings acquired using the finite element method are then contrasted with those produced using the regression equation derived from the ANOVA. The utilization of the created green composite in different buckling load-bearing structural applications is investigated in this study. As a result of the green composite’s unaltered buckling properties compared to synthetic composites, it has the potential to replace numerous synthetic composites, improving environmental sustainability.
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Sari, Nasmi Herlina, Suteja Suteja, and Yusuf Akhyar Sutaryono. "The Mechanical Properties of a Water Hyacinth/Rice Husk Powders Composite for Tissue Engineering Applications." Journal of Fibers and Polymer Composites 2, no. 2 (October 30, 2023): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.55043/jfpc.v2i2.123.
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In this study, composites made from water hyacinth powder (WPH) and rice husk powder (RH) were created using the hot press method, and the composites were characterized to determine their suitability for biomedical applications such as tissue engineering. The mixing ratio of WPH/RH was investigated. Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the presence of chemical bonds in the composites under investigation. Tensile tests were used to investigate the mechanical properties of the composite, which revealed that adding water WPH to the rice husk composite reduced the composite's strength. A composite with a 5% WPH content had the highest tensile strength of 32.72 MPa. Meanwhile, the mechanical strength of the other composites studied ranged from 25,537 MPa to 29.43 MPa. However, the elastic modulus of the composite increased with the addition of WPH. The SEM image shows that the powder distribution is less even, the interface between WPH-RH and polyester is quite tight, and the composite contains a number of voids. Characterization of the developed composite demonstrates that the WPH/RH addition ratio can be adjusted to achieve the desired composite properties for tissue engineering and cartilage regeneration applications.
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Prakoso, Medhi Wiratama, Dina Nikmatul Baroroh, and Keagisitswe Setswalo. "Water Absorption Rate of Kenaf Fiber (KF)/ Hydroxiteapatite (HA) in Simulated Sea Water." Mechanics Exploration and Material Innovation 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.memi.2024.001.01.5.
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Hydroxiteapatie (HA) as a filler is a mixture that is often added to alloy or composite products. This study investigates the development of polyester composites reinforced with kenaf fiber (KF) and hydroxiteapatite (HA) fillers in order to reduce their environmental impact. The strength, decomposability, and low weight of these composites make them ideal for a wide range of applications due to their exceptional mechanical properties. In addition to tensile and bending tests, water absorption tests, and immersion in seawater simulations, the composites were evaluated under demanding conditions. The water absorption rate increased with increasing fiber volume percentages in the composite, primarily due to the water-absorbing properties of the KF and HA particles. In contrast, the KF-15%HA-reinforced composite, which underwent soaking at 50 °C, exhibited the lowest tensile strength of the three composites. Additionally, the temperature at which aging occurs influences the composite's ability to absorb water and its mechanical properties. A filler may improve the mechanical properties of composites made from kenaf fibers, and it can also affect moisture absorption, reducing moisture absorption and increasing adhesion.
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Wang, Yuxuan, Min Wang, Weichao Zhang, and Chunxia He. "Performance comparison of different plant fiber/soybean protein adhesive composites." BioResources 12, no. 4 (October 6, 2017): 8813–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.12.4.8813-8826.
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To compare the properties of different plant fiber/soybean protein adhesive composites, six types of plant fibers (rice straw, wheat straw, peanut straw, rice husk, wheat husk, and peanut shell) were selected as reinforced materials, and soybean protein adhesive was used as the adhesive. Six types of different bio-composites were prepared by the compression molding process. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, mechanical properties, moisture absorption, and thermal stability of the composites were measured. The tensile cross-section microstructure of the composites was examined. Results showed that the peanut straw/soybean protein adhesive composite contained more hydrophilic groups. The wheat fiber-based composites possessed more hydrogen bonds, leading to the best binding interface compatibility and mechanical properties. The wheat straw/soybean protein adhesive composite had the highest tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength, which were 337.7%, 638.6%, and 483.4%, compared to those of the rice husk/soybean protein adhesive composite, respectively. The peanut shell/soybean protein adhesive composite’s equilibrium moisture content was the lowest (8.70%). The rice husk/soybean protein adhesive composite had the highest equilibrium moisture content (14.23%), and the best thermal stability as the initial temperature of pyrolysis was 283.4 °C and the residual mass was 34.45%.
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Wang, Jing, Ying Bin Cao, Dong Lin, Rong Jun Liu, and Chang Rui Zhang. "Effect of Infiltration Temperature on the Composition and Mechanical Property of RMI C/C-SiC Composite." Materials Science Forum 816 (April 2015): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.816.71.
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C/C-SiC composites were prepared by reactive melt infiltration process at different temperatures. The composition, microstructures and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated. The results showed that infiltration temperature could affect composite’s properties through regulating the chemical composition and interfacial bonding strength of the composites. The C/C-SiC composite prepared at 1650°C exhibited the relatively highest performance with density of 2.24 g·cm-3 and SiC content of 31.44 vol.%. The flexural strength and the fracture toughness were 238MPa and 10.04 MPa·m1/2, respectively.
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Ikbal, Muhammad, Muhammad Rizal, Nurdin Ali, and Teuku Edisah Putra. "Effect of Hybridization of Ramie Fibers on the Vibrational and Damping Responses of Ramie/Glass/Epoxy Resin Composite Laminates." Key Engineering Materials 951 (August 7, 2023): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-vhk2we.
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Fiber reinforced polymer composites made with glass fibers are among the oldest and most popular kinds of composites in use today. Glass fiber reinforced composites' key benefits are their adaptability for specific material applications, which allows them to give a number of design advantages relating to strength, chemical stability, impact damage tolerance, heat insulation, and low cost. The focus of this research is to investigate the role of hybridized ramie fibers in the assessment of enhanced vibrational damping capabilities in fiber glass reinforced composites, as well as in the initial assessment to verify their acceptability for real-time applications. Composite molding employing the hand layup technique was used to fabricate hybrid epoxy composites with ramie to glass fiber weight ratios from 0 to 50%. A free vibration test was performed to determine the hybrid composite's vibration dampening capabilities as a function of the ramie fiber filler content. The results demonstrated that the damping ratio was reduced when the percentage of ramie fiber in the GFRP composite was raised from 10% weight to about 50% weight. But adding up to 40% wt of ramie fiber to the hybrid composite had the biggest effect on the damping ratio, natural frequency, storage modulus, and loss modulus. This means that using ramie fiber in hybrid composites will be cost-effective and good for the environment.
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Natrayan, L., T. Sathish, S. Baskara Sethupathy, S. Sekar, Pravin P. Patil, G. Velmurugan, and Hunde Hailu. "Interlaminar Shear, Bending, and Water Retention Behavior of Nano-SiO2 Filler-Incorporated Dharbai/Glass Fiber-Based Hybrid Composites under Cryogenic Environment." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (July 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3810884.
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In current history, adding nanoscale and micron-sized filler materials to composite materials for fabrication has been a popular approach for improving the composite’s mechanical characteristics. Due to their lower friction coefficient, excellent mechanical strength modulus, and low moisture uptake, filler-based hybrid composite materials are replacing metallic materials. Glass/Dharbai hybrid composites with nano-SiO2 fillers have been created in this study. After manufacture, the composite materials were treated with liquid nitrogen at 177 K for various durations. Every sample material was cut according to ASTM standards to investigate mechanical features such as ILSS, impact test, and flexural strength. The broken composite specimen was studied using a scanning electron microscope. Water retention studies have been conducted under two distinct liquid solutions: tab or regular water and seawater. ILSS, flexural strength, and water retention were all greater in 4 wt.% of nanofiller-rich composites than in ordinary composites. Compared to 30 minutes, the 15-minute cryo-treated specimens provide the highest mechanical strength. On the other hand, the automobile, aviation, and shipbuilding sectors would benefit from a nanofiller-based composite.
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Arun, M., K. Ragupathy, T. Anand, and S. Vishvanathperumal. "Fabrication and Characterization of a Stir Casting-Based Aluminium Hybrid MMC Reinforced with SiC, TiC, and MoS2." MATEC Web of Conferences 393 (2024): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202439301007.
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The need for strong, lightweight materials has prompted the creation of innovative metal matrix composites based on aluminum. The properties of metal matrix composites that are uniformly dispersed with nanoparticles are much superior to those of monolithic alloy and microparticle-reinforced composites. The objective of this work was to create and evaluate a metal matrix composite reinforced with MoS2, SiC, and TiC that is a hybrid aluminum alloy, Al6061. It was also investigated how the weight percentages (3, 6, 9, and 12%) of MoS2, SiC, and TiC reinforcement affected the mechanical, morphological, tribological, and physical characteristics of the metal matrix composite. The addition of SiC and MoS2 increased the density of the reinforced Al6061 composite when compared to as-cast non-reinforced Al6061. It was found that the hybrid composite Al6061/12% SiC/4% MoS2 had the maximum density. The hybrid metal matrix composite's toughness increased as the proportion of TiC weight increased. The composite made of Al6061, 12% TiC, and 4% MoS2 had the maximum hardness, measuring 114.03 HV. The composite Al6061/12% TiC/4% MoS2 has the most ultimate tensile strength. The tribology analysis revealed that when applied stress increased from 10 to 50 N, mass loss increased dramatically. Because of the solid MoS2 lubricant and the development of the TiC layer at the contact zone, Double- and triple-reinforced specimens had less wear loss than non-reinforced specimens, as shown by the wear performance of hybrid composites. The main wear mechanisms of the composites were delamination wear and wear debris.
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Kustiningsih, Indar, Fajariswaan Nurrahman, Hasby Ashyra Rinaldi, Ipah Ema Jumiati, Denni Kartika Sari, and Jayanudin Jayanudin. "Synthesize Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-TiO<sub>2 </sub>Composite for Methyl Orange Photocatalytic Degradation." Materials Science Forum 1057 (March 31, 2022): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-9q4ts9.
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The effect of Fe3O4 percentage on Fe3O4-TiO2 composite for methyl orange photocatalytic degradation has been investigated. Hydrothermal was carried out on TiO2 before being combined with Fe3O4 by precipitation method. The composites were characterized by means of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis diffuse and reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS). The photocatalytic activity of Fe3O4-TiO2 composites were evaluated for methyl orange degradation. The addition of Fe3O4 to TiO2 could reduce the bandgap energy. The lowest bandgap energy was obtained at 20% Fe3O4-TiO2 composite. By using this composited, the degradation of methyl orange was 90%.
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Madhuranthakam, Chandra Mouli R., Sudharsan Pandiyan, Omar Chaalal, and Ali Elkamel. "Study of Water Sorption in Methacryl-Based Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Dental Composites Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations." Polymers 15, no. 20 (October 20, 2023): 4161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15204161.
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Methacrylate-based polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) is one of the new composites used as a dental resin. Both monofunctional methacryl isobutyl POSS (MIPOSS) and multifunctional methacryl POSS (MAPOSS) are reported to be possible resins that possess the desired properties for using them as dental resins. Our group’s previous comparative study on these two resins showed that the MAPOSS composite has superior mechanical properties compared with the MIPOSS composite. In this article, molecular dynamic simulations (MD simulations) are performed to study the water sorption in these two composites. Water sorption in dental composites can have several effects on the material properties, performance, and longevity of dental restorations. Water sorption in MAPOSS and MIPOSS composites is analyzed by studying the hydrogen bonding, cluster analysis, density projection calculations, and diffusion coefficient calculation of water molecules within the resin matrix. MD simulations results are further used to understand the interaction of water molecules with the resin matrix comprehensively, which governs the composite’s mechanical properties. The water sorption study showed that the MAPOSS composite has less water sorption capacity than the MIPOSS composite. The practical significance of this study is to find properties that affect dental restoration and longevity, which can help in the design of better materials for dental applications.
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Muthu Kamatchi, R., R. Muraliraja, J. Vijay, C. Sabari Bharathi, M. Kiruthick Eswar, and S. Padmanabhan. "Synthesis of Newly Formulated Aluminium Composite through Powder Metallurgy using Waste Bone Material." E3S Web of Conferences 399 (2023): 03016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339903016.
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The increasing concern for sustainable materials and waste management has led to innovative approaches in material science. This study explores the potential benefit of aggregate waste in the production of aluminum composites practicing powder metallurgy techniques. The aim is to investigate the feasibility of incorporating bone material into aluminium matrices to enhance the composite’s mechanical properties. The research involves several key steps. Firstly, waste bone material is collected and processed to obtain a fine powder suitable for powder metallurgy. Various techniques such as grinding, milling, or pulverization are employed to achieve the desired particle size distribution. Next, the bone powder is mixed with aluminium powder in predetermined ratios to create composite blends. The composite blends are then subjected to compaction using powder metallurgy techniques, including cold pressing and sintering. The compaction process aims to consolidate the powders and facilitate the formation of a solid composite structure. The aluminum composites mechanical characteristics are then assessed. The effects of incorporating bone material are assessed using tests on tensile strength, ductility, hardness, and other relevant mechanical properties. Comparative analysis is performed between the composites with bone material and traditional aluminium composites to assess any improvements or changes in performance.
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Lebedev, Oleg V., Olga I. Bogdanova, Galina P. Goncharuk, and Alexander N. Ozerin. "Tribological and percolation properties of polypropylene/nanodiamond soot composites." Polymers and Polymer Composites 28, no. 6 (October 3, 2019): 369–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391119879280.
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The relationship between surface- and bulk-related physical and mechanical characteristics of polypropylene (PP)-based composites filled with nanodiamond soot (NDS) particles was investigated. The tribological properties of a composite were considered as surface properties. Wear and friction coefficient values were measured using a steel pin-on-composite disk testing procedure under the justified set of test parameters. Loading of NDS particles to the PP matrix resulted in a drastic increase in the composite’s wear resistance. A significant increase in friction coefficient and contact temperature was observed for the composites with NDS content below a certain value assumed to be the percolation threshold for the selected processing method and components used. After the percolation threshold is reached, the friction coefficient decreases sharply and returns to the value characteristic of a filler-free PP. The effects observed were attributed to changes in properties of polymer matrix and composite melt.
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Huang, J. Y., Z. H. Ling, and Guo Qing Wu. "Effects of Particle-Reinforcement on Elastic Modulus of Metal-Matrix Composites." Materials Science Forum 650 (May 2010): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.650.285.
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To study the influence of particle’s characteristics on mechanical properties of the metal-matrix composites (MMCs), A two-dimensional randomly-distributed ellipsoidal particles finite element model was proposed and the tensile process of composites was simulated. The effects of adding proportion, geometrical parameters and attribute features of the particle-reinforcement on elastic modulus of composite were investigated and analyzed. The results show that there are several factors affect elastic modulus of the composite, including the adding proportion, elastic modulus, shape, size and tilt angle of the particles, etc. Among them, the elastic modulus and adding proportion of the reinforcement can primarily enhance the elastic modulus of the composite by 25% - 40% and 50% or more respectively, while the effects of particle shape, size and tilt angle on composite’s elastic modulus is relatively minor.
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Hidzir, Norsyahidah Mohd, Afifah Mardhiah Mohamed Radzi, and Nur Ain Mohd Radzali. "Effects of gamma radiation on sheep wool fiber composites reinforced with rice husk ash." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1285, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1285/1/012009.
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Abstract It is well known that animal fiber is one of the potential pollutants to the environment if not been well disposed. Besides animal fiber, rice husk ash has also been considered as a type of waste that are able to pollute the air and soil. Recently, there are plenty of research for the purpose of reusing this type of waste in the composite making. It has been established that irradiation on composite at dose of more than 3 kGy can potentially increase the properties of the composite as it becomes harder and able to hold huge loads. Therefore, this research is conducted to study the effect of irradiated composites of sheep wool fibers reinforced with rice husk ash. The composites were prepared with different percentage of sheep wool (3% and 5%) as well as the addition of rice husk ash as filler. The gamma irradiation of 7 kGy of dose is used on the composites and later analysed for the changes in the chemical and physical properties. New chemical bonds were observed for irradiated composites through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. Irradiated composite with 5% of wool has higher strength (0.16 MPa) compared to the irradiated composite with 3% of wool (0.09 MPa) from Izod fracture test. Meanwhile, composite without rice husk ash added were measured to have higher strength compared to the addition of rice husk ash as filler for both unirradiated and irradiated samples. The addition of rice husk ash increased the brittleness of the composite. In conclusion, the sheep wool fibers without the addition of rice hush ash are suitable to be used as reinforcing fibers in composites with gamma irradiation play insignificant part of the composite’s strength.
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Dahal, Raj Kumar, Bishnu Acharya, and Animesh Dutta. "The Interaction Effect of the Design Parameters on the Water Absorption of the Hemp-Reinforced Biocarbon-Filled Bio-Epoxy Composites." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 7 (March 23, 2023): 6093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076093.
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Natural fiber-reinforced composites perform poorly when exposed to moisture. Biocarbon has been proven to improve the water-absorbing behavior of natural fiber composites. However, the interaction effect of the design parameters on the biocarbon-filled hemp fiber-reinforced bio-epoxy composites has not been studied. In this study, the effects of the design parameters (pyrolysis temperature, biocarbon particle size, and filler loading) on the water absorptivity and water diffusivity of hemp-reinforced biopolymer composites have been investigated. Biocarbon from the pyrolysis of hemp and switchgrass was produced at 450, 550, and 650 °C. Composite samples with 10 wt.%, 15 wt.%, and 20 wt.% of biocarbon fillers of sizes below 50, 75, and 100 microns were used. The hemp fiber in polymer composites showed a significant influence in its water uptake behavior with the value of water absorptivity 2.41 × 10−6 g/m2.s1/2. The incorporation of biocarbon fillers in the hemp biopolymer composites reduces the average water absorptivity by 44.17% and diffusivity by 42.02%. At the optimized conditions, the value of water absorptivity with hemp biocarbon and switchgrass biocarbon fillers was found to be 0.72 × 10−6 g/m2.s1/2 and 0.73 × 10−6 g/m2.s1/2, respectively. The biocarbon at 650 °C showed the least composite thickness swelling due to its higher porosity and lower surface area. Biocarbon-filled hemp composites showed higher flexural strength and energy at the break due to the enhanced mechanical interlocking between the filler particles and the matrix materials. Smaller filler particle size lowered the composite’s water diffusivity, whereas the larger particle size of the biocarbon fillers in composites minimizes the water absorption. Additionally, higher filler loading results in weaker composite tensile energy at the break due to the filler agglomeration, reduced polymer-filler interactions, reduced polymer chain mobility, and inadequate dispersion of the filler.
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Mir, Arash Poorsattar Bejeh, and Morvarid Poorsattar Bejeh Mir. "The Effect of Different Curing Time Regimens on Immediate Postpolymerization Color Changes of Resin Composites." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 4 (2012): 472–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1171.
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ABSTRACT Aim Light curing of resin composites may considerably change the color of resin composites. The aim of this study was to evaluate the changing pattern of resin composite's color by different curing times. Materials and methods Fifteen, 1 mm-thick, samples of each A2 shade Clearfill and Filtek P60 composites were prepared. First five samples were cured for 10s (400 mW/cm2) in each pole of the rectangular samples (right upper, right lower, left lower, left upper plus central zone). Consecutive sets of samples, each consists of five, were irradiated by doubling and tripling the curing time to 20 and 30s. Color change were measured by means of CIE 1976 L*a*b system equation (ΔE) for each digitalized picture of the corresponding sample. Results Color of samples was clinically significant changed by increasing the curing time from 10 to 20s and from 20 to 30s for Clearfil (ΔE = 13.86 and 14.11 respectively,) and Filtek P60 (ΔE = 7.68 and 11.66 respectively). The ‘b’ component change was responsible for the most color alteration confirmed by the linear regression model (p < 0.001). Conclusion This study revealed the contrasting pattern of resin composite's color change with the different curing times. Our findings support that light curing is accompanied by a higher attained blue chroma and diminished yellowness of resin composites. Clinical significance A complete and proper curing of sample resin composites on buccal surface of particular tooth, as a common practice to ensure the maximize concordance composite and tooth color, is reassured according to the considerable differences of undercured and overcured in comparison to normocured composite. How to cite this article Poorsattar Bejeh Mir A, Poorsattar Bejeh Mir M. The Effect of Different Curing Time Regimens on Immediate Postpolymerization Color Changes of Resin Composites. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(4):472-475.
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Nirmal Kumar, K., P. Dinesh Babu, Raviteja Surakasi, P. Manoj Kumar, P. Ashokkumar, Rashid Khan, Adel Alfozan, and Dawit Tafesse Gebreyohannes. "Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Bamboo Fiber–Reinforced PLA Polymer Composites: A Critical Study." International Journal of Polymer Science 2022 (December 27, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1332157.
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In the past few years, a new passion for the growth of biodegradable polymers based on elements derived from natural sources has been getting much attention. Natural fiber-based polymer matrix composites offer weight loss, reduction in cost and carbon dioxide emission, and recyclability. In addition, natural fiber composites have a minimal impact on the environment in regards to global warming, health, and pollution. Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the best natural resource polymers available among biodegradable polymers. Natural fiber–reinforced PLA polymer composites have been extensively researched by polymer researchers to compete with conventional polymers. The type of fiber used plays a massive part in fiber and matrix bonds and, thereby, influences the composite’s mechanical properties and thermal properties. Among the various natural fibers, low density, high strength bamboo fibers (BF) have attracted attention. PLA and bamboo fiber composites play a vital character in an extensive range of structural and non-structural applications. This review briefly discussed on currently developed PLA-based natural bamboo fiber–reinforced polymer composites concentrating on the property affiliation of fibers. PLA polymer–reinforced natural bamboo fiber used to establish composite materials, various composite fabrication methods, various pretreatment methods on fibers, their effect on mechanical properties, as well as thermal properties and applications on different fields of such composites are discussed in this study. This review also presents a summary of the issues in the fabrication of natural fiber composites.
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Thovichit, K., N. Chaiwong, I. Sukjumreansri, and T. Amornsakchai. "F-8 HIGH IMPACT STRENGTH COMPOSITE FROM POLYETHYLENE FIBER(Session: Composites II)." Proceedings of the Asian Symposium on Materials and Processing 2006 (2006): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeasmp.2006.123.
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Li, Yaxuan, Haoyang Wang, Tuo Pan, Tianran Zhong, Jing Jiang, Lihui Wei, and Pen Jin. "Study on Co-Pyrolysis and Characteristics of Calcite/Biochar Composites." Coatings 14, no. 8 (August 16, 2024): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14081044.
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There has been an increasing recognition of the efficacy of various clay mineral elements in absorbing heavy metallic ions, which can be attributed to their cost-effectiveness, widespread, precise floor area, and remarkable practical groups. A co-pyrolyzing calcite/biochar (CP-CAL/BC) composite was prepared in this study by co-pyrolyzing calcite (CP-CAL) and coconut shell (CS) at 650–750 °C. Several methods were employed to analyze the properties of the synthesized composite. The composite showed efficient adsorption of Pb2+ at a pH of 4.5, primarily by the process of monolayer chemisorption, which is influenced by the composite’s pore structure and boundary layer diffusion. After several repeated experiments, it was observed that all of the CP-CAL/BC composites possessed exceptional regeneration capabilities, consistently removing Pb2+ at high rates. The CP-CAL/BC composite produced at 750 °C showed the greatest extent of resistance to corrosion, surpassing all other composites with a decrease in corrosion of 7.298 × 10−6 A/cm2. The present study confirmed that the CP-CAL/BC composite material has efficient adsorption features for Pb2+ and strong regenerative capability. Furthermore, the material synthesized at high temperatures demonstrated superior corrosion resistance.
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Kulhan, Taniya, Arun Kamboj, Nitin Kumar Gupta, and Nalin Somani. "Fabrication methods of glass fibre composites—a review." Functional Composites and Structures 4, no. 2 (April 21, 2022): 022001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-6331/ac6411.
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Abstract The use of polymer composite has been implemented since 3400 B.C, the very first known composite’s application is attributed to the Mesopotamians. These ancient people fabricated plywood with glued wood strips placed at various distinct angles and in the late 1930s glass fiber thin strands have been developed. Glass fibre polymer composites have a wide scope in various engineering structures submarines, spacecraft, airplanes, automobiles, sports, and many more, over traditional materials because of their superior properties including lightweight, high fracture toughness, corrosion, fatigue, wear & fire resistance, high strength to weight ratio, high modulus and low coefficient of expansion. Various technologies have been developed so far to create different types of polymer composites in accordance with their properties and applications. Glass fiber possesses better properties as great strength, better flexibility, stiffness, and chemical corrosion resistance. Glass fibers are generally in the form of cut-up strand, fabrics and mats. Every kind of glass fibers has different properties and has various applications as in polymer composites. The aim of this review paper is to provide updated technological insights regarding the evolution of composite, classification of gass fibre polymer composites, development methodology in contrast with various applications, advantages and limitations and their behavioral properties.
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D. Rama Devi and B. Saritha. "Experimental investigation of Camellia Sinensis Dust Filler on the Vachellia Nilotica Blended Hybrid Epoxy Composites: A Comprehensive Analysis of Mechanical, Viscoelastic, and Dielectric Behavior." Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology 13, no. 3 (September 30, 2024): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.13074/jent.2024.09.243901.
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This research work presents the influence of Camellia sinensis dust powder on the mechanical, dynamic, and dielectric properties of the hybrid epoxy composites containing Vachellia Nilotica (VN). The hand layup method was used to make the composite specimens at different volume fractions of the Camellia sinensis dust used as a particle filler (3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 v/v%). The Vachellia Nilotica content was kept at 15 v/v%. The hybrid composites' mechanical, viscoelastic, and dielectric strengths were investigated experimentally. The results indicate that the composite with 9 v/v% Camellia sinensis dust has superior mechanical and dielectric properties when compared to other volume percentages. The epoxy composite with the highest glass transition temperature and storage modulus also contained 9 v/v% filler. The inclusion of Camellia sinensis dust in the Vachellia Nilotica incorporated hybrid exposed had improved the thermal stability of the composite, as revealed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Furthermore, the dielectric test demonstrated that the addition of the Camellia sinensis dust filler strengthened the dielectric strength of the composite. The structural morphology of the composite's tensile fracture was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipment to investigate the interaction between the epoxy matrix and the fillers in the hybrid composites.
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Mansor, Muhd Ridzuan, Mohd Sapuan Salit, Edi Syams Zainudin, Nuraini Abd Aziz, Hambali Arep, and Mohd Fuad Alias. "A Simplified Life Cycle Analysis of an Automotive Parking Brake Lever Using Polymer Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 395–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.395.
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This paper presents a simplified life cycle analysis case study of a new developed automotive parking brake lever using polymer composites. Two composite materials were analysed for the component construction, namely glass fiber/polypropylene composites and hybrid kenaf/glass fiber/polypropylene composites. The rule of mixture and hybrid rule of mixture composite’s micromechanical models were utilized to determine the functional unit in the life cycle analysis. Later, the life cycle inventory data were defined for the production, use and end-of-life stages for the component. The Eco-indicator 99 method was selected for the overall LCA process. The final life cycle analysis results show that parking brake lever using the hybrid kenaf/glass fiber/polypropylene composites scores better environmental impact when compared to the similar component using glass fiber composites. This proved that the introduction of kenaf natural fiber, as the alternative reinforcement material in the polymer composites construction, is able to reduce the environmental impact throughout the product life cycle towards achieving better sustainable performance of the product.
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Mishra, Avishek, Nam Kyeun Kim, and Debes Bhattacharyya. "Keratinous Natural Fibres as Sustainable Flame Retardants and Reinforcements in Polymer Composites." Journal of Composites Science 8, no. 6 (June 17, 2024): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs8060230.
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Natural fibres have been used as fibre reinforcements in composites as they offer eco-friendly and economic advantages, but their susceptibility to deterioration when exposed to heat and flames has limited their practical application in fibre-reinforced polymeric composites. Fire-reaction properties have been explored in reasonable detail for plant fibres, but a gap exists in the understanding of animal fibre-reinforced composites. Understanding the thermal and fire reactions of these keratin-rich animal fibres is crucial for material selection and advancing composite product development. The current paper critically discusses the existing research landscape and suggests future research directions. The use of keratinous fibres in composites can definitely improve their thermal stability and fire performance, but it also appears to adversely affect the composite’s mechanical performance. The main part of this paper focuses on the flame-retardant treatment of keratinous fibres and polymer composites, and their behaviour under fire conditions. The final part of this paper includes a brief look at the environmental impact of the treatment methods; the overall processing of keratinous fibre-reinforced composites is also presented to gain further insight.
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a, Busoni, Moch Jonny Putra, Salim Ashar Hanafi, Riza Ummami, Bambang Piluharto, and Achmad Sjaifullah. "DOPANT, IMMERSION TIME EFFECT, AND HYDROLYSIS ONTO POLYANILINE/BACTERIAL- COMPOSITES: CONDUCTIVITY STUDIES." International Journal of Advanced Research 10, no. 09 (September 30, 2022): 853–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/15431.
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The composite of conductive polyaniline was synthesized using the in situ chemical polymerization methods on cellulose to form PANI-cellulose composites. Polyaniline can be composited with a cellulose matrix (nata de coco) due to its abundance, low price, and environmental friendliness. Ammoniumperoxodisulfate (APS) was used as an initiator forthe oxidative polymerization of aniline. Characterization of PANI-Cellulose Bacterial composite was drawn using FT-IR and SEM, while the conductivity and electric quantities both using LCR-meter, FT-IR spectra, and SEM The PANI-cellulose bacterial composite with the various concentration dopant of H2SO4 methods has the highest conductivity than PANI-cellulose bacterial composite with the dopant of HCl methods.
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Schalek, Richard L., John Helmuth, and Lawrence T. Drzal. "Evaluation of Boron Nitride Coated Nextel 312TM Fiber/BlackglasTM Composites Using an Environmental SEM." Microscopy and Microanalysis 4, S2 (July 1998): 282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s143192760002153x.
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The most critical technical issue preventing large scale application of ceramic matrix composites is the cost-effective application of stable interface coatings on continuous ceramic fibers. Currently, an alumina-silica ceramic fiber containing up to 14 wt. % boria (Nextel 312TM) is composited at elevated temperatures to form a boron nitride (BN) coating on the fiber surface. This BN coating serves as a compliant layer facilitating crack deflection and producing a non-catastrophic failure mode. Continued development of these ceramic matrix composites requires a more complete understanding of the mechanistic paths involved in composite densification. The objective of this work is to investigate and more clearly describe the role of the BN coating and its relation to composite processing and properties of the densified Nextel 312TM fiber/BlackglasTM (silicon oxycarbide) composites.Three composites consisting of as-received fibers (coated with an organic sizing), desized fibers (sizing removed by heating), and boron nitride coated fibers were fabricated using BlackglasTM preceramic polymer 489C B-stage resin.
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Saxena, Tanvi, and V. K. Chawla. "Elastic properties evaluation of banana-hemp fiber-based hybrid composite with nano-titanium oxide filler: Analytical and Simulation Study." Engineering Solid Mechanics 12, no. 1 (2024): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2023.7.001.
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In recent years, nano-filler-based hybrid composites have gained significant attention from the research community; The nano-filler-based hybrid composites can have potential applications in numerous sectors. Nano-fillers are bringing a leading development in material science and natural fibers-based composites. The present study considers the impact of various weight percentages of nano-titanium oxide (NTiO2) fillers (2%, 4%, and 6%) on the elastic features of novel hybridized banana-hemp fiber-reinforced epoxy composites. The proposed composite is analyzed for its elastic properties like longitudinal and transverse elastic modulus, axial Poisson's ratio, and axial shear modulus using homogenized micromechanical models, namely, Mori-Tanaka (M-T) model, Generalized self-consistent (G-SC) model and Modified Halpin-Tsai (M-HTS) model. The composite is modeled using one layer of banana fiber, one layer of NTiO2 and epoxy, and one layer of hemp fiber. All three layers of the composite are arranged in the sequence of banana fiber at 450, a layer of NTiO2 and epoxy at 00, and hemp fiber at 450. The proposed composite's vector sum deformation and strength are examined by employing the ANSYS APDL application. The results obtained in this study are compared with the experimental work mentioned in the literature. The composite reinforced with six weight% NTiO2 has the highest mechanical strength, and the modified Halpin-Tsai (M-HTS) model is the most effective in calculating the elastic features of the proposed composite. In addition to the above, the hybridization effect for the proposed composite is also estimated to analyze the tensile failure strain of banana and hemp fiber in the proposed hybrid composite structure.
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Mawardi, Indra, Hanif Razak, Zaini Akadir, and Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya. "The effect of containing Al2O3 microparticles in different matrix polymers on properties of pineapple fiber-reinforced composites." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 18, no. 67 (December 17, 2023): 94–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.67.07.
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In this study, Al2O3 microparticle was used as a filler for pineapple fiber reinforced composites with different matrix polymers. The effect of Al2O3 microparticles in the epoxy and unsaturated polyester matrix on the mechanical, physical, and thermal properties of pineapple fiber reinforced composites was investigated. Pineapple fiber composite was manufactured by hand layup with various Al2O3 contents, 0, 5, 10, and 15 wt%, and a 30 wt% continuous pineapple fiber. The tensile, flexural strength, hardness, water absorption, and thermal stability were investigated according to ASTM. The results showed that flexural strength, hardness, density, and water resistance gradually increased, and the tensile strength rate gradually decreased with more the wt.% of Al2O3 microparticle. The TGA observation results indicated that the Al2O3 microparticles improved the composite's thermal stability. Composites with the epoxy matrix are superior in tensile strength and thermal stability compared to composites made of unsaturated polyester. In contrast, unsaturated polyester matrix composites had higher flexural strength, hardness, density, and water resistance than epoxy matrix composites. The effect of the content of 15 wt% Al2O3 microparticles in the composites resulted in the highest flexural strength, hardness, density, and water absorption resistance, while the tensile strength showed the lowest value.
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Karthick, L., R. Rathinam, Sd Abdul Kalam, Ganesh Babu Loganathan, R. S. Sabeenian, S. K. Joshi, L. Ramesh, H. Mohammed Ali, and Wubishet Degife Mammo. "Influence of Nano-/Microfiller Addition on Mechanical and Morphological Performance of Kenaf/Glass Fibre-Reinforced Hybrid Composites." Journal of Nanomaterials 2022 (September 5, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9778224.
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Natural-based composite’s progress as carriers has revealed many benefits in biomedicine, notably in the construction field, synthetic biology, and genetic engineering. Compared to analogous composites without nanoparticles, incorporating nanoparticles into polymeric materials improved architectural performance, physiological connections, and ecological features. The major goal of the current investigation is to determine the impact of nano-/micro-TiO2 on the mechanical characteristics of kenaf/glass/epoxy hybrids. The samples have been created using a hand layup method and a variety of filler loading and stacking sequences. The addition of nano-/microfiller significantly improved the mechanical performance of the epoxy/hybrid composite material. It was discovered that nanofiller-added composite materials fared better when composites were compared to and without microfilter-added composites. SEM was used to investigate the microstructure of the interfaces to ensure a good understanding of interfacial adherence between the reinforcement and their matrix. Compared to pure epoxy resin, the 15 wt% of microfiller additions of glass-kenaf-kenaf-glass type composites exhibit a 39.48% improvement in tensile and a 42.88% improvement in flexural. Similarly, 5 wt% nanofiller addition reveals a 44.214% improvement in tensile and a 50.50% improvement in flexural.
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Markovičová, Lenka, and Viera Zatkalíková. "The Effect of Filler Content on the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 858 (November 2016): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.858.190.
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A composite material is a macroscopic combination of two or more distinct materials, having a recognizable interface between them. Modern composite materials are usually optimized to achieve a particular balance of properties for a given range of applications. Composites are commonly classified at two distinct levels. The first level of classification is usually made with respect to the matrix constituent. The major composite classes include organic – matrix composites (OMC's), metal – matrix composites (MMC's), and ceramic – matrix composites (CMC's). The OMC's is generally assumed to include two classes of composites: polymer – matrix composites (PMC's) and carbon – matrix composites [1]. The composite material used in the work belongs to the PMC's and the composite is formed by the polymer matrix - high density polyethylene. As filler was used hard-magnetic strontium ferrite. Composite samples were prepared with different filler content (0%, 60%, 70%, 80%). Testing of polymer composites included: tensile test, elongation at break, impact test, hardness test.
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Markovičová, Lenka, and Viera Zatkalíková. "Composites With Rubber Matrix And Ferrimagnetic Filling." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 776–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2019-0099.
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AbstractA composite material is a macroscopic combination of two or more distinct materials, having a recognizable interface between them. Modern composite materials are usually optimized to achieve a particular balance of properties for a given range of applications. Composites are commonly classified at two distinct levels. The first level of classification is usually made with respect to the matrix constituent. The major composite classes include organic – matrix composites (OMC's), metal – matrix composites (MMC's), and ceramic – matrix composites (CMC's). The OMC's is generally assumed to include two classes of composites: polymer – matrix composites (PMC's) and carbon – matrix composites (Peters, 1998). The composite material used in the work belongs to the PMC's and the composite is formed by the polymer matrix – rubber (sidewall mixture). As filler was used hard-magnetic strontium ferrite. Composite samples were prepared with different filler content (20%, 30%, 40%, 50%). Testing of polymer composites included: tensile test, elongation at break, hardness test and study of morphology.
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Tezara, Cionita, Agung Efriyo Hadi, Januar Parlaungan Siregar, Zalinawati Muhamad, Mohammad Hazim Mohamad Hamdan, Ahmed Nurye Oumer, Jamiluddin Jaafar, Agustinus Purna Irawan, Teuku Rihayat, and Deni Fajar Fitriyana. "The Effect of Hybridisation on Mechanical Properties and Water Absorption Behaviour of Woven Jute/Ramie Reinforced Epoxy Composites." Polymers 13, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 2964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172964.
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Recently, the most critical issue related to the use of natural fibre-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPC) is the degradation properties of composites exposed to the environment. NFRPC’s moisture absorption behaviour has adverse effects on the composite’s mechanical properties and dimensional stability. The purpose of this study is to analyse the mechanical properties of epoxy composites reinforced by jute–ramie hybridisation. This study also analysed the effect of stacking sequence hybridisation of the jute–ramie composite on water absorption behaviour. A five-layer different type of stacking sequence of single and hybrid jute–ramie is produced with the hand lay-up method. The results obtained from this study found that the mechanical properties and water absorption behaviour of a single jute fibre are lower compared to a single ramie fibre. The hybrid of jute–ramie has been able to increase the performance of composite compared to pure jute composites. The mechanical properties of the hybrid jute–ramie composite show a reduction effect after exposure to an aqueous environment due to the breakdown of fibre matrix interfacial bonding. However, after 28 days of immersion, all types of the stacking sequence’s mechanical properties are still higher than that of pure epoxy resin. In conclusion, the appropriate sequence of stacking and selecting the material used are two factors that predominantly affect the mechanical properties and water absorption behaviour. The hybrid composites with the desired and preferable properties can be manufactured using a hand-lay-up technique and used in the various industrial applications.
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Zhang, Jun, Zude Zhou, Fan Zhang, Yuegang Tan, and Renhui Yi. "Molding process and properties of continuous carbon fiber three-dimensional printing." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 11, no. 3 (March 2019): 168781401983569. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814019835698.
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Currently, carbon fiber composite has been applied in the field of three-dimensional printing to produce the high-performance parts with complex geometric features. This technique comprise both the advantages of three-dimensional printing and the material, which are light weight, high strength, integrated molding, and without mold, and the limitation of model complexity. In order to improve the performance of three-dimensional printing process using carbon fiber composite, in this article, a novel molding process of three-dimensional printing for continuous carbon fiber composites is developed, including the construction of printing material, the design of printer nozzle, and the modification of printing process. A suitable structure of nozzle on the printer is adjusted for the continuous carbon fiber composites. For the sake of ensuring the continuity of composited material during the processing, a cutting algorithm for jumping point is proposed to improve the printing path during process. On this basis, the experiment of continuous carbon fiber composite is performed and the mechanical properties of the printed test samples are analyzed. The results show that the tensile strength and bending strength of the sample printed by polylactic acid–continuous carbon fiber composites increased by 204.7% and 116.3%, respectively compared with pure polylactic acid materials, and those of the sample printed by nylon–continuous carbon fiber composites increased by 301.1% and 17.4% compared with pure nylon materials, and those of test sample by nylon–continuous carbon fiber composites under the heated and pressurized treatment increased by 383.6% and 233.2% compared with pure nylon material.
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Lichtenberg, Klaudia, Eric Orsolani-Uhlig, Ralf Roessler, and Kay André Weidenmann. "Influence of heat treatment on the properties of AlSi10Mg-based metal matrix composites reinforced with metallic glass flakes processed by gas pressure infiltration." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 30 (March 20, 2017): 4165–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317699867.
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The reinforcement of a soft matrix material with hard particles is an established strategy to develop materials with tailored properties. In this regard, using metallic glasses with high crystallization temperatures, e.g. in the system NiNbX (X = Sn, Ta), for composites produced by liquid metal infiltration is a novel approach. The current work deals with the characterization of such metallic glass particle-reinforced AlSi10Mg-based metal matrix composites manufactured by gas pressure infiltration. Processing–structure–property relations were investigated with a special focus on the influence of an additional heat treatment on the metal matrix composite’s properties. Metallographic methods were used to investigate infiltration quality, particle distribution within the composite and the composite’s microstructure. Moreover, X-ray diffraction measurements, elastic analysis using ultrasonic spectroscopy and compression tests were performed to analyze its properties. The X-ray diffraction results indicate that there is no crystallization of the glass during processing. Metallographic investigations show that the flakes are arranged in a layered structure within the composite. The embedding of metallic glass flakes leads to an increase in Young’s modulus and compressive strength in comparison to the unreinforced material. The composite’s strength can be further increased by a heat treatment.
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Hamdy, Tamer M., Ali Abdelnabi, Maha S. Othman, and Rania E. Bayoumi. "Alterations in Surface Gloss and Hardness of Direct Dental Resin Composites and Indirect CAD/CAM Composite Block after Single Application of Bifluorid 10 Varnish: An In Vitro Study." Journal of Composites Science 8, no. 2 (February 3, 2024): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs8020058.
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The surface characteristics of the restorative material are essential to its longevity. Since resin composites are polymeric-based materials, they could be degraded when exposed to oral conditions and chemical treatment. Certain chemical solutions, such as fluoride varnish, have the potential to deteriorate the resin composite’s surface properties such as gloss and hardness. The current study aimed to assess and compare the surface gloss and hardness of different types of dental resin composites (nanohybrid, ormocer, bulk-fill flowable direct composites, and indirect CAD/CAM resin composite blocks (BreCAM.HIPC)) after a single application of Bifluorid 10 varnish. A total of 80 disc-shaped resin composite specimens were evenly distributed in four groups of 20 specimens. These were divided into two equal subgroups of specimens with topical fluoride (TF) application (n = 10) and without TF application (n = 10). The specimens were examined for surface gloss and hardness. Independent sample t-test was used to investigate statistically the effect of TF on the gloss as well as the hardness of each material. One-way ANOVA and post hoc tests were used to assess the difference in gloss and hardness among the materials without and with TF application. The significance level was adjusted to p ≤ 0.05. The results of gloss showed that the TF application led to a significant reduction in gloss values of all tested composites. The gloss among the various materials was significantly different. The TF had no significant effect on the hardness of nanohybrid, bulk-fill flowable, and BreCAM.HIPC composites (p = 0.8, 0.6, and 0.3, respectively). On the other hand, the hardness of ormocer was significantly reduced after TF application. Comparing the different resin composite materials, the hardness significantly differed. This study concluded that surface gloss and hardness seem to be impacted by the type and composition of the resin composites and vary depending on fluoride application.
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Setyawan, P. D., S. Sugiman, S. Sinarep, H. Hilwan, and H. Hilwan. "Karakteristik komposit sandwich dengan inti (core) open cell foam bambu berlubang." Dinamika Teknik Mesin 13, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/dtm.v13i2.654.
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The sandwich composite employed in this study is made of bamboo open-cell foam with plywood skin. The fibre volume percentage in the bamboo foam core was 15%, and PVAc glue was used. The open-cell foam core has a square-shaped hollow in the centre with spacings of 30mm, 40mm, and 60mm. The goal of this study is to describe sandwich composites made using hollow bamboo open-cell foam cores. Density testing (ASTM C271), flatwise compression testing (ASTM C365-05), flexural testing (ASTM C393), and water absorption testing (ASTM C272) were among the tests performed. Sandwich composites with core-opened cell foam with holes had lower average density, specific flatwise compressive strength, and specific bending strength than sandwich composites without holes, according to the study's findings. The average density of the sandwich composite with core-opened cell foam with holes dropped by 6-13% as compared to the sandwich composite without holes. The average-specific flatwise compressive strength of the sandwich composite with a hollow core decreased by 2-20%. The sandwich composite's average specific bending strength was reduced by 40-50% when the core-opened cell foam with holes was used. The percentage of water absorption in the sandwich composite is the inverse. With this feature, it is believed that hollow bamboo open-cell foam would become more widely used.
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Oun, Amer, Allan Manalo, Omar Alajarmeh, Rajab Abousnina, and Andreas Gerdes. "Long-Term Water Absorption of Hybrid Flax Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy Composites with Graphene and Its Influence on Mechanical Properties." Polymers 14, no. 17 (September 5, 2022): 3679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14173679.
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Interest in the use of natural fibres as an alternative for artificial fibres in polymer composite manufacturing is increasing for various engineering applications. Their suitability for use in outdoor environments should be demonstrated due to their perceived hydrophilic behaviour. This study investigated the water absorption behaviour of hybrid flax fibre-reinforced epoxy composites with 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% graphene by weight that were immersed in water for 1000, 2000, and 3000 h. The flexural and interlaminar shear strength before and after immersion in water was then evaluated. The results showed that graphene nanoparticles improved the mechanical properties of the composites. The moisture absorption process of hybrid natural fibre composites followed the Fickian law, whereas the addition of graphene significantly reduced the moisture absorption and moisture diffusion, especially for hybrid composites with 1.5% graphene. However, the flexural and ILSS properties of the composites with and without graphene decreased with the increase in the exposure duration. The flexural strength of hybrid composites with 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% graphene decreased by 32%, 11%, 17.5% and 13.4%, respectively, after exposure for 3000 h. For inter-laminar shear strength at the same conditioning of 3000 h, hybrid composites with 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% graphene also decreased by 13.2%, 21% and 17.5%, respectively, compared to the dry composite’s strength. The specimens with 0.5% graphene showed the lowest reduction in strength for both the flexural and interlaminar tests, due to good filler dispersion in the matrix, but all of them were still higher than that of flax fibre composites. Scanning electron microscope observations showed a reduction in voids in the composite matrix after the introduction of graphene, resulting in reduced moisture absorption and moisture diffusion.
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Liu, Shih-Ming, Wen-Cheng Chen, Chia-Ling Ko, Hsu-Ting Chang, Ya-Shun Chen, Ssu-Meng Haung, Kai-Chi Chang, and Jian-Chih Chen. "In Vitro Evaluation of Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement Composite Hydrogel Beads of Cross-Linked Gelatin-Alginate with Gentamicin-Impregnated Porous Scaffold." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 10 (September 29, 2021): 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14101000.
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Calcium phosphate bone cement (CPC) is in the form of a paste, and its special advantage is that it can repair small and complex bone defects. In the case of open wounds, tissue debridement is necessary before tissue repair and the subsequent control of wound infection; therefore, CPC composite hydrogel beads containing antibiotics provide an excellent option to fill bone defects and deliver antibiotics locally for a long period. In this study, CPC was composited with the millimeter-sized spherical beads of cross-linked gelatin–alginate hydrogels at the different ratios of 0 (control), 12.5, 25, and 50 vol.%. The hydrogel was impregnated with gentamicin and characterized before compositing with CPC. The physicochemical properties, gentamicin release, antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, and mineralization of the CPC/hydrogel composites were characterized. The compressive strength of the CPC/hydrogel composites gradually decreased as the hydrogel content increased, and the compressive strength of composites containing gentamicin had the largest decrease. The working time and setting time of each group can be adjusted to 8 and 16 min, respectively, using a hardening solution to make the composite suitable for clinical use. The release of gentamicin before the hydrogel beads was composited with CPC varied greatly with immersion time. However, a stable controlled release effect was obtained in the CPC/gentamicin-impregnated hydrogel composite. The 50 vol.% hydrogel/CPC composite had the best antibacterial effect and no cytotoxicity but had reduced cell mineralization. Therefore, the optimal hydrogel beads content can be 25 vol.% to obtain a CPC/gentamicin-impregnated hydrogel composite with adequate strength, antibacterial activity, and bio-reactivity. This CPC/hydrogel containing gentamicin is expected to be used in clinical surgery in the future to accelerate bone regeneration and prevent prosthesis infection after surgery.
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McCoy, Laurel P., Patrick S. Market, Chad M. Gravelle, Charles E. Graves, Neil I. Fox, Scott M. Rochette, Joshua Kastman, and Bohumil Svoma. "Composites of Heavy Rain Producing Elevated Thunderstorms in the Central United States." Advances in Meteorology 2017 (2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6932798.
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Composite analyses of the atmosphere over the central United States during elevated thunderstorms producing heavy rainfall are presented. Composites were created for five National Weather Service County Warning Areas (CWAs) in the region. Events studied occurred during the warm season (April–September) during 1979–2012. These CWAs encompass the region determined previously to experience the greatest frequency of elevated thunderstorms in the United States. Composited events produced rainfall of >50 mm 24 hr−1 within the selected CWA. Composites were generated for the 0–3 hr period prior to the heaviest rainfall, 6–9 hours prior to it, and 12–15 hours prior to it. This paper focuses on the Pleasant Hill, Missouri (EAX) composites, as all CWA results were similar; also these analyses focus on the period 0–3 hours prior to event occurrence. These findings corroborate the findings of previous authors. What is offered here that is unique is (1) a measure of the interquartile range within the composite mean fields, allowing for discrimination between variable fields that provided a strong reliable signal, from those that may appear strong but possess large variability, and (2) composite soundings of two subclasses of elevated thunderstorms. Also, a null case (one that fits the composite but failed to produce significant rainfall) is also examined for comparison.
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Han, Xiaoshuai, Qinqin Zhang, Yihui Yin, and Junwen Pu. "Fire retardancy of graphene oxide/wood composite (GOW) prepared by a vacuum-pulse dipping technique." Holzforschung 72, no. 5 (April 25, 2018): 375–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2017-0111.
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AbstractGraphene oxide/wood (GOW) composite was fabricated by a vacuum-pulse dipping technique, and the resulting composites were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Raman spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). As demonstrated, the wood matrix became filled by the dense multilayer graphene oxide (GO) membrane structure, which was formed by the layer-by-layer self-assembly of GO nano-sheets. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the amorphous GO decreased the composite’s relative degree of crystallinity. Additionally, the filled GO generated improvement in the thermal stability of GOW composites in comparison with that of the natural wood (NW).
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Liang, Yun Xing, Li Chen, Hai Wen Liu, and Hua Wu Liu. "The Development of a High Elastic 3D Prefabricated Composite." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 1773–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.1773.
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With the development of modern technology, fiberglass composite materials are widely applied. The advantages of fiberglass reinforced composite materials are high strength and light weight. In order to produce a prefabricated fiberglass composite, a machine chart was drafted for weaving the 3D fiberglass fabric with five layers. The obtained five-layer 3D fabrics were composited with polyurethane matrix. Afterwards, the performance of the prefabricated composites was tested and the optimal ratio of fiberglass to matrix was determined by statistical analysis.
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Panumati, S., T. Amornsakchai, and C. Ramesh. "F-9 HIGH STRENGTH POLYPROPYLENE FIBER FROM POLYPROPYLENE/CLAY COMPOSITE(Session: Composites II)." Proceedings of the Asian Symposium on Materials and Processing 2006 (2006): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeasmp.2006.124.
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Bhat, Ritesh, Nanjangud Mohan, Sathyashankara Sharma, and Suma Rao. "Influence of Seawater Absorption on the Hardness of Glass Fiber/Polyester Composite." Journal of Computers, Mechanical and Management 1, no. 1 (October 30, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.57159/gadl.jcmm.1.1.22003.
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In the marine industry, glass fibers are commonly used to reinforce polyesters for ship hulls, submarine components, and other marine structures. Isophthalic polyesters are a feasible alternative due to their superior mechanical qualities and added end-of-life scenarios compared to orthophthalic polyesters. However, like other fiber composite systems, glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites are also water sensitive. Here, GFRP composites of three different thicknesses are aged under three different immersion periods in seawater (20, 40 and 60 days). All samples are reconditioned and evaluated for hardness following aging. Significant emphasis is placed on the presence of calcium carbonate, over which increases in moisture content irrevocably reduce the composite’s hardness. Compared to untreated material, the hardness of 6, 8, and 10 mm composites decreased by 25.64, 10.92, and 4.63% after the 60-day aging period. This drop is mostly the result of microstructure evolution manifesting as an increase in porosity. Consequently, fiber deterioration, fiber cracks, and degradation of polymer-fiber bonding emerge in the composite, decreasing hardness.
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Herlinasari, Nasmi, and Suteja Suteja. "Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composite Modified with Particles from Horse Dung Waste: Characterization of Mechanical Properties and Morphology." Journal of Fibers and Polymer Composites 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 20–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.55043/jfpc.v1i1.38.
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Abstract. The modification of the characteristics of natural fiber composites with components derived from abundant and environmentally beneficial horse dung waste has piqued interest. The purpose of this investigation was to see how adding horse dung particles (DN) to pineapple leaf fiber (DN)/polyester composites affected the results. To create new samples, different percentages of HF (5–30%) are utilized. Hand-layup method was used to create the DN/HF composite. The results revealed that adding 30% (vol. percent) HF to the composite improved elongation, flexural strength, and flexural modulus, while adding 5% (vol. percent) HF improved impact strength, tensile strength, and tensile modulus of elasticity. At 30% HF concentration, maximum flexural strength values of 63.91 5.1 MPa were recorded. The composite's fracture morphology revealed weak interfacial interactions between DN-polyester-HF, and particle accumulation.
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Rahman, Mohammad Mizanur. "Polyurethane/Zinc Oxide (PU/ZnO) Composite—Synthesis, Protective Property and Application." Polymers 12, no. 7 (July 11, 2020): 1535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12071535.
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A polyurethane (PU) is a multifunctional polymer prepared by using more than two types of monomers. The unique properties of PU come from monomers, thus broadening the applicability of PU in many different sectors. The properties can be further improved by using many nanoparticles. Different metal oxides as nanoparticles are also widely used in PU materials. ZnO is a widely used inorganic metal oxide nanoparticle for improving polymer properties. In this review article, the techniques to prepare a PU/ZnO composite are reviewed; the key protective properties, such as adhesive strength and self-healing, and applications of PU/ZnO composites are also highlighted. This review also highlights the PU/ZnO composite’s current challenges and future prospects, which will help to broaden the composite practical application by preparing environmentally friendly composites.