Academic literature on the topic 'Composites polymères – Additifs – Essais de comportement au feu'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Composites polymères – Additifs – Essais de comportement au feu":
Samyn, Fabienne. "Compréhension des procédés d'ignifugation du polyamide 6 : apport des nanocomposites aux systèmes retardateurs de flamme phosphorés." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Samyn.pdf.
Solarski, Samuel. "Développement de nouveaux filaments de polylactide nanocomposites." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Solarski.pdf.
Almirón, Baca Jonathan Joseph. "Etude des propriétés thermo mécaniques des matériaux polymères avec addition du résidu solide de pyrolyses." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ULILR039.
The final disposal of vehicles at their end-of-life is generating a world environmental problem. Nowadays, in Europe there are companies dedicated to the disassembly and recovery of the components that can be reused, being plastic wastes among these components. Thus, in the first part of this research, it was proposed to treat these plastic wastes through a pyrolytic process in order to transform them into solid wastes, to be used as part of the additives in a flame retardant system for a polypropylene matrix. Vehicle residues were segregated according to their densities and characterized. They were subsequently incorporated into a thermal pyrolysis process giving, as a result, a solid pyrolytic residue (RSP). Using the RSP, the polymer blends were prepared composed of polypropylene, ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol. Their thermal, mechanical and flammability properties were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis, modulus of elasticity, tensile strength, percentage of deformation and the limiting oxygen index.In the second part of this research, it was determined and compared whether the heat treated solid waste from the pyrolysis of plastic waste of vehicles (RS-T), volcanic ash (CV) and rice husk ash (CR) have any synergistic action when added to polypropylene flame retardant additives (such as ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol). These materials were characterized by nitrogen adsorption analysis (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method), X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction. The abundant presence of SiO2 and Al2O3 was determined, which are considered flame-retardant minerals. Polymer matrix composites were synthetized, which were composed of polypropylene, ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and CV, CR and RS-T materials (at 1% to 9% by wt.). The thermal stability and fire resistance of the synthesized polymer mixtures were evaluated through the limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry. It was determined that these materials have a synergistic action with flame-retardant additives as an increase in their fire resistance has been demonstrated.In the final part of this research, the influence of natural zeolites obtained from ashes of the Ubinas volcano, as synergistic agents in a flame-retardant system, has been studied. Four different zeolites were synthesized from volcanic ash, including calcined and not calcined ashes, being placed in an alkaline solution at three synthesis temperatures. Zeolites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption analysis (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method) and scanning electron microscopy. Polypropylene polymer blends were prepared with ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and the zeolites at 1, 5 and 9% (by wt.). Their thermal stability and fire resistance were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis, limiting oxygen index, ULV-94 vertical flammability test and cone calorimetry. Their morphological structure was tested by scanning electron microscopy. It was determined that the synthesis temperature and the use of calcined and non-calcined volcanic ashes has an influence on the characteristics of zeolites and on their synergistic action with flame retardants and therefore, on their flame-retardant properties
Mandlekar, Neeraj Kumar. "Integration of wood waste to develop multifunctional fully biobased textile structure." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I062/document.
It has been chosen to study valorization of low-cost industrial lignin as additive in designing the flame retardant (FR) system for polyamide 11 (PA) to develop biobased textile structure. The main focus of this thesis work is to consider lignin as carbon source and introduce in a textile structure in combination with phosphinate salt (FR agent). In the primary study, chemically different industrial lignins were incorporated in PA by extrusion to investigate the charring and fire retardant behaviour of the prepared binary blends. In addition, the introduction of sulphonated lignins significantly reduced the peak of the heat release rate (PHRR) and of the total heat release (THR), and a noticeable increase of the char residue was observed after forced combustion test. In the next approach, lignin was exploited as carbon source in combination with commercially available phosphinate FR (i.e., ZnP and AlP). To achieve this objective, a preliminary study carried out with laboratory grade lignin (LS) combined with ZnP to investigate the thermal stability and fire performance as well as the possible synergy between lignin and ZnP and with the polymer matrix. The results obtained in this study permitted to continue further, the practical implementation of lignin and multifilament production. In the next step, flame retarded blends were developed with direct addition of low-cost industrial lignins (LL and DL) with phosphinate FR. For the systematic understanding, various FR formulations were developed by varying the lignin and FR loading and characterized. Thermal decomposition analysis showed that the presence of lignin decreases the initial decomposition temperature (T5%) due to the decomposition of lignin which starts at a lower temperature region with the evolution of less thermally stable compounds and the maximum decomposition temperature (Tmax) shifts to higher temperature region, at this stage the formation of phenolic, carbonyls, hydrocarbons and CO2 along with phosphinate compounds occurs. Meanwhile, in the condensed phase thermally stable aromatic charred layer is formed because of lignin decomposition and phosphate compounds formation due to the presence of phosphinate metal salt. A higher amount of char residue is obtained when LL combined with ZnP/AlP as compared to the DL and ZnP/AlP blends. It is assumed that, during decomposition of LL, the sulfonate compounds release SO2 and transformed into thermally stable Na2SO4, hence giving rise to the stable char residue. The fire properties were assessed by cone calorimeter tests revealed the combination of lignin and phosphinate FR significantly reduced the PHRR and other fire-related parameters due to the formation of a protective char layer. The presence of lignin not only improve fire retardancy but also reduced the evolution of carbon monoxide (CO). More enhanced fire retardant properties were obtained with LL and ZnP/AlP combination reaches to 10 wt% in ternary blends, which not only promotes char formation but also confer the stability to char in the condensed phase. Furthermore, the most enhanced forced combustion results were obtained with LL and AlP (in particular, PA80-LL10-AlP10). Multifilament yarns were successfully produced for PA-DL-ZnP and PA-LL-ZnP combinations. However, the blends of AlP with lignin were not spinnable because of low compatibility and dispersion level of AlP in the polymer. Optical microscopy and tensile tests were performed to study the physical properties of multifilaments. A double layer (interlock structure) knitted fabrics were developed to evaluate fire behaviour analysis on fabric samples
Le, Goff Ronan. "Étude et modélisation des transferts thermiques lors de la solidification de pièces injectées en polymère semi-cristallin chargé de fibres." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2069.
A major issue of the injection process simulation is the prediction of shrinkage and warpage during the packing and cooling stage. In this context, this work contributes to a better understanding of the thermal phenomena that occur during the injection and the solidification of semi-crystalline polymer fiber-filled parts. Indeed, crystallization of that category of material is an exothermic reaction et the phase change modifies thermal properties and boundary conditions. The characterization and the modeling of the thermal properties of the materials have been carried out. We focus on the thermal conductivity through the validation of on prediction model taking into account the fiber orientation. An experimental study also permits to validate thermal a model of coupling between crystallization and heat transfer. Then, the influence of the crystallization on heat transfer has been emphasized, on one hand for high cooling without shear, in the second hand in industrial injection conditions. Interface conditions have been analyzed especially thanks to the evaluation of a thermal contact resistance
Davesne, Anne-Lise. "New designs of thin coatings for fire protection." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R017.
The extensive use of highly flammable polymeric materials requires the development of innovative fire protective solutions to lower the threat on human lives and infrastructures integrity. Thin coatings especially act on the mass and heat transfer responsible for the combustion process directly at the interface between the substrate and the flame. They also have the advantage of concentrating the fire retardant system on one place, therefore using the smallest amount of material as possible, and with minimal impact on the bulk properties of the material. The aim of this Ph.D is to design innovative thin coatings adapted to various substrates, based on an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of action of effective systems. Layer-by-layer coatings are seen as a very efficient solution to lower the flammability of polymers and are particularly adapted to porous substrates. Though extensively studied, their mechanism of action remains unclear. Layer-by-layer coatings, composed either of chitosan and vermiculite or of polyethyleneimine and hexagonal boron nitride, were deposited on flexible polyurethane foam. Extensive analysis of the material before and after being exposed to various thermal constraints allowed to gather more insights on their mechanism of action. This knowledge was applied to develop new concepts. On the first hand, high-filler content composite coatings based on alginate/clay hydrogels were applied in a one pot process on polyamide 66 fabrics. The cross-linked network improved the thermal stability and physical barrier effect of the coating, and the approach was proven to be efficient as the samples were rated V-0 at UL94 test. On the other hand, another kind of thin physical barrier deposited by PVD and composed of protected metal was deposited on polyamide 6 plate. Relying on the reflection of infrared rays, this type of coating reduced the heat absorption by the substrate, and considerably increased the time to ignition in a radiative fire scenario. This concept was proven particularly efficient when combined with thermally triggered bulk fire retardant (FR) fillers. It was found that both approaches have a complementary effect. The coating acts first by reducing the heat absorption, delaying the activation of the FR systems. Once it fails, the fillers take over unhindered, allowing to reduce the peak of Heat Release Rate and Total Heat Release of polyamide 6 thanks to physical and chemical mechanisms
Davesne, Anne-Lise. "New designs of thin coatings for fire protection." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LILUR017.
The extensive use of highly flammable polymeric materials requires the development of innovative fire protective solutions to lower the threat on human lives and infrastructures integrity. Thin coatings especially act on the mass and heat transfer responsible for the combustion process directly at the interface between the substrate and the flame. They also have the advantage of concentrating the fire retardant system on one place, therefore using the smallest amount of material as possible, and with minimal impact on the bulk properties of the material. The aim of this Ph.D is to design innovative thin coatings adapted to various substrates, based on an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of action of effective systems. Layer-by-layer coatings are seen as a very efficient solution to lower the flammability of polymers and are particularly adapted to porous substrates. Though extensively studied, their mechanism of action remains unclear. Layer-by-layer coatings, composed either of chitosan and vermiculite or of polyethyleneimine and hexagonal boron nitride, were deposited on flexible polyurethane foam. Extensive analysis of the material before and after being exposed to various thermal constraints allowed to gather more insights on their mechanism of action. This knowledge was applied to develop new concepts. On the first hand, high-filler content composite coatings based on alginate/clay hydrogels were applied in a one pot process on polyamide 66 fabrics. The cross-linked network improved the thermal stability and physical barrier effect of the coating, and the approach was proven to be efficient as the samples were rated V-0 at UL94 test. On the other hand, another kind of thin physical barrier deposited by PVD and composed of protected metal was deposited on polyamide 6 plate. Relying on the reflection of infrared rays, this type of coating reduced the heat absorption by the substrate, and considerably increased the time to ignition in a radiative fire scenario. This concept was proven particularly efficient when combined with thermally triggered bulk fire retardant (FR) fillers. It was found that both approaches have a complementary effect. The coating acts first by reducing the heat absorption, delaying the activation of the FR systems. Once it fails, the fillers take over unhindered, allowing to reduce the peak of Heat Release Rate and Total Heat Release of polyamide 6 thanks to physical and chemical mechanisms
Batistella, Marcos. "Modification de kaolinites submicroniques en vue de leur incorporation dans des matrices polymères." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001912.
Gallos, Antoine. "Polylactides stéréocomplexés et ignifugés : élaboration par extrusion réactive et caractérisations." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10155/document.
The aim of this work is to enhance the physical and chemical properties and the fire reaction of polylactides for durable applications. A state of the art first reviews the properties and fire retardancy of polylactide. Then, a reactive extrusion process to polymerize L and D lactides monomers into various polylactides, including stereocomplexes polylactides (PLA), has been developed and optimized. The multibloc stereocomplexed polylactide shows enhanced properties compared to commercial PLA (increased fusion temperature and crystallinity rate), but less thermal stability due to residual catalyst of polymerization. Reactive extrusion process is thereafter updated in order to enhance thermal stability and to make PLA nanocomposites. The thermal stability is increased by catalyst deactivation with a ligand (α-tropolon). The polylactides filled with carbon nanotubes exhibit slight improvement in terms of fire retardancy. To overcome this issue, intumescent polylactides have been processed by combination of conventional fire retardants (ammonium polyphosphate and melamine) and nanofillers (organoclay). The fire retardancy of these materials is dramatically enhanced, especially when organoclay is used as synergist. A mechanism of action explaining synergy between fire retardant and organoclay is then proposed
Camillo, Anycée. "Etude multi-échelle du comportement au feu d'un siège et d'une paroi types issus d'un système de transport ferroviaire européen." Phd thesis, ISAE-ENSMA Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et d'Aérotechique - Poitiers, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00924616.