Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Composites à Matrice Polymère (CMP)'
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Tuloup, Corentin. "Process and structural health monitoring of Polymer-Matrix Composites (PMC) using embedded piezoelectric transducers." Thesis, Compiègne, 2020. https://bibliotheque.utc.fr/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/2020COMP2593.
Full textThis innovative work studies the interest of integrating piezoelectric transducers (ceramic and/or polymer-based) within Polymer- Matrix Composite materials (PMC) to perform real-time and in-situ monitoring of their manufacturing process (Process Monitoring PM) as well as their lifespan (Structural Health Monitoring SHM). To do this, the piezoelectric transducers were integrated into the heart of the fibrous stacks using an innovative methodology developed within the "Materials and Surfaces" research team at the Roberval laboratory. The Liquid Resin Infusion (LRI) manufacturing system used (PM campaign), as well as the resulting samples tested mechanically (SHM campaign), were multi-instrumented using several Non-Destructive Testing devices (NDT: Acoustic Emission (AE), Infrared Thermography (IRT), Digital Image Correlation (DIC), etc.) in order to establish multi-physical couplings between the signals of external NDT techniques and the internal signature (electrical capacitance) coming from the transducers integrated into the heart of the material. In PM, the piezoceramic (PZT) transducers were found to be sensitive to the various key steps of the LRI process (flow front passing, impregnation, end of injection, chemo-physical transitions during curing and associated consolidation rates) achieved at different hardener rates, and able to detect manufacturing defects. These results showed great potential, worthy of future use on an industrial scale. In SHM, after verification of the non-intrusiveness of the ceramic and polymer-based transducers integrated into the heart of the mechanical test specimens, the polymer transducers allowed a real-time evaluation of the triaxial strain state and the rigidity loss experienced by the host PMC during its mechanical loading. However, despite a Non-Working Threshold (NWT) linked to the brittleness of their constitutive material, the piezoceramic transducers have shown a high sensitivity to the detection and monitoring of damage in real-time when they are positioned intelligently with respect to the mechanical stress. These thesis works ended with a first attempt aimed at transposing the knowledge acquired on PM and SHM of in-situ piezoelectric transducers from a 2D “laboratory” scale to a 3D structural one closer to industrial realities. The multi-instrumented manufacturing of an “Omega” stiffener PMC structure integrating 14 piezoelectric transducers (PZT and P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer) and reinforced through-the-thickness by a carbon tuft thread allowed confirming the previously evidenced PM abilities of the PZT, and showed a difference between how the electrical capacitance signals of PZT and copolymers react to the whole manufacturing process
Chabert, Emmanuelle. "Propriétés mécaniques de nanocomposites à matrice polymère : approche expérimentale et modélisation." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0011/these.pdf.
Full textThis work aims to analyse the mechanical properties of polymer based composites reinforced by spherical nanofillers. The role of each component has been investigated: the polymer matrix, the filler and the interphase (matrix-filler, filler-filler). Firstly, the mechanical behaviour of polymer has been analysed through the molecular approach (“quasi point defect theory”) developped in GEMPPM laboratory. Based on an new formalism, a original method leading to the determination of physical parameters has been proposed. We have then validated this method for various polymers (PMMA, PET and P(S-ABu)). In a second step, the effect of grafted reactive surfactant on mechanical properties of latex films has been investigated. The comparison of self made model systems with grafted and non grafted surfactant has suggested that the grafting of surfactant affects slightly both the small and the large mechanical properties of latex films. On the contrary, the nature of the surfactant might affect the microstructure of complex latex, and in this way their mechanical properties. The last part is devoted to the effect of nanofillers. We have studied the role played by different parameters (concentration, filler nature (organic or mineral), filler/filler interactions) on the elastic mechanical properties. To model these properties, we have developped a discrete numerical approach taking into account the microstructure and the local contact (filler-filler and matrix-filler). The variation of contact caracteristics has thus enabled us to describe the different experimental results below and above the geometric percolation threshold. Finally, the analysis of tensile strain properties has suggested a rupture of the filler network from the first percent of elongation
Guigon, Camille. "Vieillissement par cyclage thermique de composites interlocks 3D à matrice polymère." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ESMA0004.
Full textThe introduction of composite materials in critical structural parts for aircrafts represents a real technological breakthrough and requires specific studies to understand their behavior and durability. This work aims to characterize and understand the ageing mechanisms incarbon/epoxy 3D interlock composites when they are submitted to thermal cycling.For this purpose, a thermal cycle test (-55°C/120°C), whose heat and gaseous environment istotally mastered, was set up for the ageing of composite samples of elemental interlock pattern dimensions. Analysis of induced degradation mechanisms was achieved by i/ the development ofa 3D quantitative characterization method of the evolution of microcracks during cycling, basedon observations by microtomography RX and the development of a specific image processing procedure, ii/ the development of an in situ thermal cycle test under synchrotron light, coupled to a digital volume correlation technique, and iii/finite elements simulations taking into account the actual mesoscopic architecture of the samples and the thermo-viscoelastic behavior of thematrix.The results reveal complex thermo-chemo-mechanical couplings that are linked to four important parameters: time (and the number of cycles), the interlock architecture, the matrix toughness andits sensitivity to thermo-oxidation
Pubellier, Pierre. "Influence de charges micrométriques sur le vieillissement de composites à matrice polymère." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1177/document.
Full textA deep understanding of the ageing behaviour within cross-linked elastomers filled by inorganic particles is a key feature to propose a criterion for the end of life of electric cables in nuclear power plants. Indeed, materials used for wire insulation are usually composed of rubbers designed with several adjuvants and fillers. A significant amount of inorganic particles, such as aluminium trihydrate (ATH), is usually incorporated with the polymer matrix in order to achieve satisfactory fire-retardant properties. The ATH particles used are characterized by a micrometric-size and due to the weak polymer / filler contact area involved in such composites, the ageing mechanisms of the polymer matrix are expected to be essentially unchanged compared to the ones involved in the unfilled matrix. However, recent studies pointed out some differences in the thermal-ageing mechanisms between a cross-linked EPDM rubber (elastomer based on ethylene, propylene and diene units) filled by micrometric ATH (aluminium trihydrate) particles and the corresponding unfilled cross-linked EPDM.In that respect, this work aims at investigating the extent of generality of the above-mentioned filler effect on both thermo- and radio-oxidative ageing behaviour of an EPDM matrix filled by ATH particles. In particular, the influence of both filler content and filler surface functionalization is investigated. A special attention was paid to the evolution of the network at the macromolecular scale by determining the fraction of the various network components (elastically active chains, dangling chains and extractibles) as well as the cross-link density distribution. Such information have been derived using solid-state NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance).The results obtained evidence a significant decrease of the thermal-ageing induction period for the EPDM network filled by ATH particles. This effect display a strong dependence with the amount and the surface functionalization of the ATH particles. However, no modifications of the oxidation kinetics may be observed under radio-chemical ageing. The comparison between the results suggests a possible modification of the oxidation initiation mechanisms within EPDM networks filled by ATH particles. Therefore, interfacial areas should play a great role in the observed modifications
Droulas, Jean-Luc. "Chimie interfaciale des systèmes métal - polymère." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10082.
Full textDalmas, Florent. "Composites à matrice polymère et nano-renforts flexibles : propriétés mécaniques et électriques." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012111.
Full textFrada, Jean-Michel. "Contribution à l'étude des multimatériaux acier-polymère-acier : caractérisation chimique et structurale des interphases dans des systèmes métal-oxyde-polymère." Nancy 1, 1992. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_1992_0408_FRADA.pdf.
Full textLafabrier, Aurore. "Etude de l'adhérence de revêtements poudre appliqués sur substrats composites à matrice polymère." Thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0017.
Full textOn many products and structures, the painting ensures surface protection and provides aesthetic of final product. However, the new guidelines to reduce the main release's sources of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) incite the industrials to use alternative to usual solvent-based paints such as powder coatings. In the case of non-conductive and heat-sensitive substrate, this substitution involves the development of new processes and the optimization of their parameters.This thesis is about controlling adhesion and understanding the adhesion of powder coatings on organic matrix composites substrates, on a physico-chemical point of view. Our work focus on a powder coating and two substrates, one containing thermosetting resin (epoxy) and the other a thermoplastic resin (PEEK) .As a first step, we analyzed the influence of the characteristic of the process on the epoxy substrate/coating interface to determine which one promotes the best adhesion between the "in mold-coating" and direct application. Then we studied the durability of these coated systems in a hydrothermal aging. Finally, we studied the effect of atmospheric plasma treatment and low pressure plasma treatment on the adhesion between powder coating and PEEK matrix substrate
Boudenne, Abderrahim. "Étude expérimentale et théorique des propriétés thermophysiques de matériaux composites à matrice polymère." Paris 12, 2003. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990002111180204611&vid=upec.
Full textThis work is devoted to the experimental and theoretical study of thermophysical properties of polymer matrix composites containing aluminium (Al) and cooper (Cu) powders dispersed in a polypropylene (PP) matrix. The first objective was the improvement of a simultaneous thermal conductivity and diffusivity measurement method. The characterisation of reference samples allowed the validation of the measurement protocol. Thereafter, several PP/Cu and PP/Al composites were achieved for various concentrations and particles sizes. Measurements of specific heat, thermal conductivity and diffusivity of theses composites showed the effect of concentration and particle size effect on the thermophysical behaviour of these composites
Lachi, Mohand Tayeb. "Fluage en torsion de composites à renforts filamentaires et matrice polymère : influence de l'humidité." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10237.
Full textDe, Rancourt Yoann. "Dispersion de charges d'oxydes de terres rares, Er2O3 et Pr6O11, dans une matrice polymère." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20202.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the incorporation of mineral fillers of erbium oxide, Er2O3, and praseodymium oxide, Pr6O11, in an elastomeric polymer matrix, in the context of an industrial project to replace the lead in radiation protection equipment. The actual purpose of this thesis was to improve the dispersion of the fillers in the matrix through chemical treatment processes of these particles. Various types of surface functionalization were used to compatibilize them with an organic matrix, in particular by grafting compounds such as phosphonic acids. Hence, several phosphonic acids have been successfully used for the functionalization of both types of fillers. The characterization of these functionalizations is an important part of this project. Innovative analysis techniques, both direct and indirect have been used for this purpose, namely Py-GC/MS to detect the chemical compounds anchored to the surface of the fillers, X-ray fluorescence and FTIR spectroscopy with a quantification target, but also a study of sedimentation kinetics of the fillers in an organic medium. Finally, composites were obtained by mixing the fillers, untreated and treated, with a polyurethane matrix. Tensile tests have clearly shown an improvement of mechanical properties for some of the composites, due to the functionalization of the fillers by phosphonic acids
Saktoun, El Mostapha. "Etude de la morphologie de composites à matrice polymère thermoplastique par microscopie électronique en transmission." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30170.
Full textLasri, Larbi. "Modélisation macromécanique et micromécanique de l'usinage des composites à matrice polymère et fibres longues." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005643.
Full textGabet, Yann. "Étude et optimisation des interfaces fibre-matrice polymère de composites structuraux à base thermoplastique." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1244/document.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study and optimisation of glass/PA 6-6 interfacial properties for the conception of structural composite materials. A method to clean and reactivate glass surface was first developed. It allowed us to work with glass fibres and model substrates (glass plates), aiming to get controlled surfaces before the application of new coatings. Controlling the interface between the reinforcement and the matrix requires the optimisation of the sizing, which is mainly composed of film formers and coupling agents. This study consisted in the characterisation of thermal, mechanical and surface properties of the new coatings applied to the glass substrates. Different film former bases, selected for their compatibility with the processing conditions of PA 6-6, and two usual coupling agents were studied. This work allowed to identify different parameters that play a role in the improvement of interfacial properties. By working with a wide range of film formers, we could show that the use of a film former with close chemical composition from the matrix allows to reach better interfacial properties. Increasing the surface roughness of coatings also participates in this improvement. The grafting of coupling agents was more efficient after 150°C thermal treatment than 110°C, and a synergistic effect was obtained by their association to a film former. The use of film formers with high thermal resistance provided very interesting interfacial properties, also improved, for some, by the addition of silica nanoparticles. Finally, DCB mode I mechanical test was adapted to our system, allowing to estimate the fracture toughness of the glass/PA 6-6 interface which is a complementary result to the estimation of the adhesion force measured by pull-off and pull-out tests
Galicia, Alberto. "Matériaux composites : association de gels polymères et de nanoparticules magnétiques." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066377.
Full textChapelle, Éric. "Analyse de la résistance thermique d'interface entre inclusion et matrice dans les matériaux composites bons conducteurs de chaleur : application aux matériaux composites à matrice polymère ou métallique." Nantes, 2008. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=31e01db6-b585-44d2-9b67-f64d19e00022.
Full textThe addition of thermally conductive particles is an effective way to increase thermal conductivity of polymers or to reduce thermal expansion coefficient of metals. For highly filled composites and therefore for a high effective thermal conductivity, the heat transfer at the matrix/particle interface becomes a key point to obtain further improvement. However the thermal interface resistance Ri between particles and matrix is difficult to measure because of the low sensitivity to Ri and because of the small size of the particles. A setup has been developed to measure Ri between nickel wires (fiber-like particle) of a few tens microns diameter and a polymer matrix. The temperature measurement of the heating wire associated with a thermal model allowed to estimate values of Ri between 0. 1 10-5 and 1. 7 10-5 m2K/W and this for various wire diameters, temperatures and polymer matrix (thermoset: epoxy, thermoplastics: EVA and PP). Some Ri measurements have been validated using a thermo-elastic model. Another method based on a homemade thermal microscope was developed in order to measure Ri between particle and matrix in a copper matrix composite with spherical glassy carbon particles. A 3D numerical model in steady periodic regime was developed to study the effect of other particles in the vicinity on the estimated Ri values. The thermal excitation is performed using a modulated laser beam and the temperature is measured using a novel microprobe which consists of a semi-intrinsic thermocouple. Finally, an estimation procedure using a mono-inclusion thermal model was performed and a first value of Ri of 6. 1 10-5 m2K/W was obtained
Zenia, Sofiane. "Modélisation numérique de l’usinage des matériaux composites à matrice polymère et fibres longues de carbone." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0126/document.
Full textThe machining of composite materials is often necessary for material removal operations by cutting tools such as drilling. These operations can generate a lot of damage in the machined workpiece (fiber fracture, matrix craking, intralaminar and interlaminar delamination and thermal degradation of the matrix), which can cause a decrease of mechanical performance of the structure. The PhD thesis objective is to set up a reliable accurate model to analyze the machining of CFRP composites and to predict the different damage modes induced by the cutting tool. This model is based on a mesomechanical constitutive law combining the stiffness degradation concept into the material behavior, the plasticity, the initiation and the evolution of the damage during the machining process. Two 2D and 3D models adopting an explicit scheme were implemented in Abaqus/Explicit analysis code through the user subroutine VUMAT. Furthermore, interlaminar delamination is taken into account using the cohesive elements available in the ABAQUS / Explicit code. This work allowed to realistic numerical simulation of orthogonal cutting and drilling operations of CFRP composites in terms of chip formation process, cutting forces prediction and induced damage. These studies have shown that the fiber orientation and the depth of cut were the most influential parameters in orthogonal cutting while for the drilling process, the feed rate and the tool geometry are the most important parameters
Harizi, Walid. "Caractérisation de l'endommagement des composites à matrice polymère par une approche multi-technique non destructive." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VALE0033.
Full textThis innovative study consists to implement in the same experimental procedure three non destructive techniques simultaneously: acoustic emission, infrared thermography and ultrasonic waves for the characterization of damage in cross ply Polymer Composite Materials (PCM) [0/90]S. Each technique has demonstrated its potential to reveal the damage that depends on its intrinsic characteristics. Acoustic emission has been used in its classical form and coupled with a data classification obtained by k-means and Kohonen map. Infrared thermography has been studied using both passive and active forms, ultrasonic methods have been used by exploiting amplitude and velocity of longitudinal and Lamb waves respectively. It has been shown that the adopted multi-technique approach is veryinteresting to obtain a full diagnostic of the health state of the material before and after uniaxial mechanical loading. The “complementarity” aspect between the three used techniques is showed more interesting that “redundancy” aspect. The data fusion theory was used to have a reliable, comprehensive and credible decision about the different damage mechanisms may appear in PCM material. This has been possible only for the two imaging techniques, ultrasonic C-scan and infrared thermography. All in all, the results show that these three techniques are potentially able to describe the damage state of the material, but they don’t quantify it with the same manner
Shaterzadeh, Yazdi Mohsen. "Etude et modélisation physique et mécanique du comportement viscoélastique et plastique de composites particulaires à matrice polymère." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0092.
Full textThe aim of this work is to try to understand the influence of the interfaces and interphases (surface treatment of the reinforcements), and the morphology of the material on the mechanical behavior (viscoelastic and plastic) of particulate composites with a polymer matrix. So, adding to DGEBA/IPD matrix, three type of the composite materials have been studied: -Composites with DGEBA/IPD matrix- non treated glassy beads, -Composites with DGEBA/IPD matrix- aminosilane-treated fillers (interface), - Composites with DGEBA/IPD matrix- elastomer coated glassy beads based on a layer of CTBN-IPD-DGEBA (interphase), The mechanical properties of these materials have been studied by mechanical spectroscopy and by compression technics. The analysis and the interpretation of viscoelastic properties are based on the molecular mobility, physical model of the Perez and al. , and in the other hand on the self-consistent model (homogenisation) developed by Hervé and Zaoui. The contribution of this study in comprehension of the mechanical properties (viscoelastic and plastic) is double: i) considering the real morphology of the composites (spatial distribution of glass particles) in the self-consistent mode!. The model of Hervé and Zaoui was completed to prediction correctly the dynamics response. Ii) physical modelling of the polymeric matrix and mechanical modelling of the composites based on the local stress concentration for best comprehension of the mechanical behaviour on the large deformation and at high stress
Savard, Mathieu. "Plastification de composites à base de polyacrylates pour le développement d'une matrice polymère alternative au PVC." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6603.
Full textCarponcin, Delphine. "Composite hybride à matrice polymère pour l'amortissement de vibrations par transduction-dissipation locale." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1763/.
Full textThis work deals with processing of a polymer based composite for vibration damping by transduction-local dissipation. Two preliminary steps have been performed. In a first time, a conductive composite has been elaborated. Carbon nanotubes, as conductive fillers, have allowed reaching an electrical percolation threshold for a low filler content (0,55 % vol. ). In the same time, polyamide matrix became piezoelectric by dispersion of PZT particles and after a poling step. Mechanical properties are maintained until 30 % in volume for submicronic particles. An increase of the conservative and dissipative part of the mechanical modulus has been observed by dynamic mechanical analysis after a simultaneous dispersion of NTC and poled PZT. Vibration tests have highlighted the contribution of the transduction-local dissipation phenomenon to the damping factor of the polymer matrix, mainly through a sandwich configuration. The influence of various parameters on this new kind of damping has been discussed
Baziard, Yves. "Synthèse sous micro-ondes et caractérisation physico-chimique de matériaux composites à matrice polymère thermodurcissable et à renfort métallique finement divisé." Toulouse, INPT, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986INPT002G.
Full textFischer, Guillaume. "Matériaux composites aéronautiques hautes températures à matrice bismaléimide renforcée." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0117/document.
Full textAeronautics use more and more composite materials to reduce structures weight, in order to improve performance and to limit fuel consumption. Polymer matrix composite materials represent today more than 50% of last generation civil aircrafts structure (A350, B787). Most of thermoset matrices are epoxies with service temperatures below 110°C for long time services. To further optimize the composite part ratio, it is now necessary to use those materials in structural parts exposed to higher temperatures, for instance, near engines. Among high performance thermoset matrices, bismaleimides offer potential in service temperature up to at least 200°C, but their brittleness makes them non-suitable for structural applications. Epoxy-based composite materials have gone through improvements, increasing their toughness by mixing with soluble and non-soluble thermoplastics to hold in delamination crack propagation. Starting with methods and knowledge from epoxies toughening strategies, this work is dedicated to develop toughened bismaleimide systems and to identify relevant parameters to reach this aim
Benethuilière, Thibaut. "Phénomènes physico-chimiques aux interfaces fibre/matrice dans des composites SMC structuraux : Du mouillage à l'adhésion." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI151.
Full textLiu, Yu. "Etude d'interface entre matrice polymère et renforts à base de carbone, à l'aide d'observations multiéchelles et multimodales en microscopie électronique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLC059/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to investigate the multiscale (nano-, micro-, and macro-scopic) behavior of the composites based on a fine investigation using the most modern techniques, to understand the interfaces and to quantify them. Two series of reinforcements on a micrometer scale, carbon fibers (CFs) and graphene-based materials, were studied here. To improve the interactions between these nanofillers and the surrounding polymer matrix, two major routes were used in this thesis: the oxidation of the fillers and the grafting of carbon nanotubes on their surface.The study itself was conducted on a microscopic scale on the interfacial strength between CFs and the epoxy matrix, with tensile tests carried out in-situ in the chamber of a double-column FIB-SEM microscope (scanning electron microscope coupled to a focused ion beam). The ion beam was used to mill a thin bond-shaped tensile specimen of composite containing both an epoxy and a CF part. Thetensile stress field was applied using the nanomanipulator and the test was observed both via the ionic and the electronic columns (with two different angles of view) to estimate the strain field, hence the interfacial strength when the failure is observed. A similar experiment was led on a composite with GNPs.Finally, the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) study of the interface region between the epoxy and the graphene-based nanofillers revealed the existence of an interphase and allowed to measure its thickness and give an indication of its nature. For this purpose, an EELS (electron energy-loss spectroscopy) analysis was carried out, making it possible to measure the density of the sample very locally (probe size of the order of a tenth of a nanometer) across or parallelly to an interface. A scenario on the chemical bonding modes between the two media as a function of the surface treatment used makes it possible to explain the nature of the observed interphases
Zellouf, Djamel-Eddine. "Etude de la dégradation hygrothermique de matériaux composites à matrice polymère par des techniques ultrasonores : corrélations avec des mesures mécaniques et micromécaniques." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0022.
Full textThe hygrothermal degradation of polymer-matrix composite materials is one of the most important processes that lead to the decrease of the viscoelastic properties of these materials. The aim of this work is to detect and evaluate the hot water-induced damage within the composite, both upon matrix and interfaces. Thus, an experimental device has been implemented, based on the ultrasonic spectroscopy principle, and validated by mean of samples of polymeric materials having different structures and morphologies. Such an apparatus makes easy to follow the evolution of the damage by measuring of the frequential dependencies of the ultrasonic velocity and attenuation. However, since this reliable technique doesn't allow the following of the material anisotropy during a long hot water immersion, a variable incidence characterization technique have been used, which is capable to give informations about the evolution of the elastic tensor of this material. Ali ultrasonic results are then compared with those obtained from several well-known techniques like a dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, creep, micro indentation and the 3 points bending. This study showed the high ability of the ultrasonic techniques to identify each type of damage process that could be induced within the composite, both on matrix and interfaces regions
Dubois, Frédéric. "Elaboration et caractérisations électro-optique et diélectrique de composites à cristaux liquides ferroélectriques dispersés dans une matrice polymère." Phd thesis, Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009656.
Full textCe travail concerne l'élaboration et l'étude des propriétés structurales, diélectriques et électro-optiques de composites PDFLC. L'objectif principal est d'étudier l'influence de la nature dispersée et confinée du cristal liquide sur les propriétés des composites. Pour cela, deux cristaux liquides ferroélectriques présentant respectivement un pas d'hélice faible et élevé par rapport à la taille des gouttelettes ont été utilisés pour élaborer ces composites.
Une étude comparative des propriétés des cristaux liquides et des films PDFLC a été réalisée. Les composites étudiés présentent des propriétés électro-optiques intéressantes, tels que l'existence d'un ancrage bistable, des temps de réponse et des tensions de commutation relativement faibles. La caractérisation des mécanismes de relaxation observés pour les composites montrent qu'ils sont liés à la ferroélectricité des cristaux liquides utilisés. Les caractéristiques de ces mécanismes, à savoir leur amplitude et leur fréquence critique, diffèrent fortement de celles observées pour les cristaux liquides purs. Ces différences ont été attribuées à l'hétérogénéité diélectrique des composites PDFLC.
Ghidossi, Patrick. "Contribution à l'étude de l'effet des conditions d'usinage d'éprouvettes en composites à matrice polymère sur leur réponse mécanique." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001050.
Full textParenteau, Thomas. "Modélisation micromécanique de composites thermoplastiques élastomères à matrice polypropylène." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne Sud, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00404452.
Full textL'objectif de cette étude est la caractérisation expérimentale et la modélisation du comportement mécanique de composites thermoplastiques élastomères (TPE). Ces matériaux sont composés d'une matrice en homopolymère polypropylène isotactique (PP) et de particules d'élastomère recyclées à base d'éthylène propylène diène monomère (EPDM). La nature complexe du PP nous a incité à développer un modèle micromécanique, en distinguant dans ce polymère une phase amorphe et une phase cristalline. A partir d'un motif représentatif permettant d'estimer les propriétés élastiques du PP en fonction du taux de cristallinité, un modèle micromécanique de type autocohérent généralisé est comparé à un modèle macroscopique plus simple pour décrire son comportement élastoviscoplastique. La loi de comportement des TPE est construite, via une démarche d'homogénéisation, à partir du comportement mécanique des particules d'EPDM et de la loi macroscopique déterminée pour le PP. Les prévisions des modèles sont analysées et comparées aux résultats d'essais de flexion, de traction et d'indentation. Les modèles développés ont été implantés dans le code « éléments finis » Abaqus afin de permettre le calcul de pièces industrielles.
Akinnifesi, Josiah. "Synthèse par décharge luminescente radio-fréquence de matériaux composites métal-polymère. Etude des propriétés de transport électrique et diélectrique." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30149.
Full textMarouani, Sofiène. "Approche expérimentale du vieillissement des matériaux composites à matrice polymère utilisés dans la réparation et/ou le renforcement des ouvrages d'art." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10269.
Full textThe objective of this PhD thesis is to treat the ageing of composite materials with polymeric matrix used in the reinforcement and/or repair of Civil Engineering structures. Indeed the ignorance of the durability of theses materials is a barrier to their use. During this analysis, we initially studied the influence of the implementation conditions on the initial properties of the composite. Carbon-Epoxy and carbon-vinylester composites were manufactured by hand lay-up process. To simulate errors inherent to the transformation process of composite, we intentionally varied the implementation conditions (temperature, moisture, the formulation of the reactive systems,…). In a second time, we selected cycles of ageing reflecting the real civil engineering conditions during the service life of composite. The experimental program considers two main orientations: the first approach consists in submitting composites samples and mixed concrete-composites specimens to real external conditions defined by the location of the experimental site. On the other hand, laboratory accelerated tests are carried out where the ageing factors selected are separated or combined. We have essentially considered the influence of the temperature, the moisture and alkaline solution. : In order to follow the evolution of the aged composites properties, several tests of characterization (mechanical and thermo-rheological) were carried out. The finality of these tests consists in testing representative methods of ageing in real civil engineering applications conditions and developing precise tests of characterization in order to determine reliable indicators of durability and design factors. The results recorded after 18 months of exposition show that according to the medium of ageing, the nature of the matrix (epoxy or vinylester) and the implementation conditions, the properties of the composites and concrete-composites interfaces evolve differently
Le, Thai Hung. "Rhéologie et microstructures des matériaux composites à matrice polymère thermodurcissable chargée minéralement et renforcée par des fibres de verre." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00369701.
Full textBréard, Joël. "Matériaux composites à matrice polymère : modélisation numérique de la phase de remplissage du procédé R.T.M. et détermination expérimentale de la perméabilité d'un renfort fibreux." Le Havre, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LEHA0006.
Full textNestler, Daisy Julia. "Beitrag zum Thema VERBUNDWERKSTOFFE - WERKSTOFFVERBUNDE." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-134459.
Full textComplex property profiles require increasingly advanced composite materials and material compounds, including the rapid deployment of new production technologies, because the monolithic material or a single material can no longer satisfy today's complex requirements. Future material systems are fundamentally important to growth markets, in which they have an economically key position. Tailor-made lightweight materials (tailor-made composites) with an adapted design are needed. These concepts have to be developed to design the optimum combination of components. This requires material-specific knowledge and the ability to make correlations, as well as the design of complex technologies. Continuous large-scale and mass production (in-line, in-situ), thus reducing the costs of previously expensive composite materials and material compounds, is also necessary. The present work spans the entire field of composite materials and material compounds in a comparable and comparative manner and abstract form. A summarizing publication on this still very new, but already broad-based scientific field is not yet available. The separation of the individual, firmly divided groups of the composite materials is the reason for this. Cross-connections are rarely made. The objective of this work is to compensate to some extent for this deficiency. Special consideration is given to definitions and classifications, manufacturing processes and the properties of the materials. Clear structures and overviews are presented. Mapping established and new technologies will contribute to the stability of the terms "mixed material compounds" and "hybrid material compounds". In addition, the problem of recycling and recycling technologies is discussed. In summary, areas for future research and development projects will be specified. Generalized concepts for tailor-made composite materials and material compounds are proposed ("adjusting screw scheme") with an eye toward various production routes, especially for semi-finished products and components, and the associated findings. These general material concepts are applied to own current research projects pertaining to metal-matrix and polymer-matrix composites and hybrid material compounds. Research fields for future projects are extrapolated. Particular attention is paid to hybrid material compounds as the mainstay of future developments in lightweight construction. In-line and in-situ processes play a key role for large-scale, cost- and resource-efficient production
Bier, Frédéric. "Conception et synthèse d’une matrice polymère thermoplastique pour l’obtention de matériaux composites recyclables, résistants au feu et utilisables dans l’industrie." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0040.
Full textNovel poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thermoplastic matrices which can be used in the elaboration of composite materials have been synthesized and characterized from the point of view of their glass transition temperature (by differential scanning calorimetry) and their thermal degradation (by thermogravimetric analysis and by pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry). The strategy followed was to incorporate in the PMMA chains repeat units comprising a flame retardant phosphorous side group via a radical copolymerization of MMA with a phosphorus-containing monomer. A set of phosphorus-containing flame retardant monomers has been synthesized from 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10 oxide (DOPO) by varying the nature of the polymerizable function (styrenic, acrylic, methacrylic), the nature of the atom bound to the phophore (oxygen, carbon, nitrogen) and the length of the spacer arm. We have shown that by adapting the structure and the quantity of the phosphorus repeating units, the glass transition temperature of the material was kept close to that of the PMMA while the thermal degradation of the materials was shifted to higher temperatures. Comparatively, physical blends of PMMA and DOPO with equivalent phosphorus contents exhibited significantly lower glass transition temperatures
Schmidt, Marion. "Développement de matrice Si-C-(B,N) de composites à renfort fibreux par modification chimique de polycarbosilanes/polysilazanes." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT191.
Full textNon-oxide Si-based ceramics (SiC, Si3N4, Si-C-N) have been extensively studied as matrices in Fiber-Reinforced Ceramics Matrix Composites (CMCs) because of their thermostructural properties which are generally significantly higher than those displaying by more conventional materials such as metals and oxide ceramics. These materials also offer superior mechanical properties (hardness, resistance to creep and rupture) and excellent resistance toward oxidation. As a matrix, they are produced in gas phase by the well-known Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI) process. Within the framework of the thesis, we focus on their synthesis in liquid phase through the PDCs (Polymer Derived Ceramics) route because of its easier access and lower production cost. The main objective is to focus on the chemistry of preceramic polymers to 1) optimize each step of the PIP (Infiltration and Pyrolysis Polymer) process and 2) improve the thermostructural properties of SiC, Si-C-N matrix composites prepared from commercially-available preceramic polymers. After a state-of-the art part (Chapter 1) on the targeted topic and an experimental part completed by the description of the characterization tools (Chapter 2), the manuscript focused on the modification of commercial preceramic polymers such as allylhydridopolycarbosilane (AHPCS, SiC precursor) and poly(vinylmethyl)-co-(hydridomethyl)silazane (HTT1800, Si-C-N precursor) with boron elements. The idea behind this work was to reduce the gelification temperature of these polymers while to increase their ceramic yield. Thus, after pyrolysis, we obtain amorphous Si-B-C-(N) ceramics with better thermal stability at high temperature. This work is described in the chapters 3 and 4 of the manuscript. In chapter 5, the work concerned the preparation of polymer blends based on HTT1800 and perhydridopolysilazane (PHPS, precursor Si3N4). The idea behind the chapter 5 was to avoid the presence of free carbon in the final materials. A complete characterization, ranging from the chemical structure of the polymers to the evolution of the microstructure of the final materials, is done in each chapter. Dense pieces were prepared by the casting method from the selected polymers and their mechanical properties have been investigated. Composite materials have been also prepared to evaluate the quality of interface between the matrix and the surface of the fibers which is presented at the end of each chapter
Vu, Anh Thang. "Endommagement de stratifiés aéronautiques à fibre de carbone et matrice polymère soumis à des chargements monotones ou cycliques à plusieurs températures : expériences et modélisation." Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aéronautique, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ESMA0009.
Full textThe main objective of this study is to investigate the transverse cracking kinetics in [0m/90n]S cross-ply laminates made of IM7/977-2 or IMS/M21 composite systems, which are used in the aeronautic industry, from monotonic or cyclic tensile tests performed at several temperatures. An energetic cracking criterion is used. Several strain energy release rate expressions are compared, in order to obtain a realistic curve of fracture energy versus crack density. The influence of delamination and temperature on the cracking curves (crack density versus applied stress) is also considered. For the IM7/977-2 composite sysstem, the temperature effect can be accounted for using the time-temperature superposition principle, by constructing master curves of equal damage. A transition from monotonic cracking to fatigue cracking is investigated. Experimental results and simulations of transverse crack growth during fatigue tests are presented. The cracking criterion uses a fracture energy expression stemming from an extension of Vinogradov’s model which relies upon a simple assumption regarding the shape of first cracking S-N curves, and takes into account the R-curve effect
Di, Stasio Luca. "Effet de la microstructure sur le décollement à l'interface fibre/matrice dans les stratifiés à matrice polymère avec renfort en fibre soumis à traction." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0229.
Full textThe main objective of the present work is to investigate the influence of the microstructure on debond growth along the fiber arc direction. To this end, models of 2-dimensional Representative Volume Elements (RVEs) of Uni-Directional (UD) composites and cross-ply laminates are developed. The Representative Volume Elements are characterized by different configurations of fibers and different damage states. Debond initiation is studied through the analysis of the distribution of stresses at the fiber/matrix interface in the absence of damage. Debond growth on the other hand is characterized using the approach of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM), specifically through the evaluation of the Mode I, Mode II and total Energy Release Rate (ERR). Displacement and stress fields are evaluated by means of the Finite Element Method (FEM) using the commercial solver Abaqus. The components of the Energy Release Rate are then evaluated using the Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT), implemented in a custom Python routine. The elastic solution of the debonding problem presents two different regimes: the open crack and the closed crack behavior. In the latter, debond faces are in contact in a region of finite size at the debond tip and it is known that stress and displacement fields at the debond tip present an oscillating singularity. A convergence analysis of the VCCT in the context of the FEM solution is thus required to guarantee the validity of results and represents the first step of the work presented in this thesis. Debond growth under remote tensile loading is then studied in Representative Volume Elements of: UD composites of varying thickness, measured in terms of number of rows of fibers; cross-ply laminates with a central 90° ply of varying thickness, measured as well in terms of number of rows of fibers; thick UD composites (modelled as infinite along the through-the-thickness direction). Different damage configurations are also considered, corresponding to different stages of transverse crack onset: non-interacting isolated debonds; interacting debonds distributed along the loading direction; debonds on consecutive fibers along the through-the-thickness direction. Finally, an estimation of debond size at initiation and of debond maximum size is proposed based on arguments from stress analysis (for initiation) and on Griffith's criterion from LEFM (for propagation)
Huguet, Stéphane. "Application de classificateurs aux données d'émission acoustique : identification de la signature acoustique des mécanismes d'endommagement dans les composites à matrice polymère." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2002ISAL0087/these.pdf.
Full textComposites. Unidirectional samples tested in off-axis tensile tests, associated with tensile tests on resin and microcomposite, allow the identification of AE signatures of the three damage modes in composite materials: matrix cracking, fiber/matrix decohesion and fiber fracture. Statistical analysis techniques, with Keywords nearest neighbors and neural networks (Kohonen map) were used to build an automatic recognition tool able to distinguish between the signals from those damage modes. This methodology was successfully also applied on +-55 degrees glass-fiber/epoxy-resin laminates
Nestler, Daisy Julia. "Beitrag zum Thema VERBUNDWERKSTOFFE - WERKSTOFFVERBUNDE: Status quo und Forschungsansätze." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsverlag Chemnitz, 2012. https://monarch.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A20009.
Full textComplex property profiles require increasingly advanced composite materials and material compounds, including the rapid deployment of new production technologies, because the monolithic material or a single material can no longer satisfy today's complex requirements. Future material systems are fundamentally important to growth markets, in which they have an economically key position. Tailor-made lightweight materials (tailor-made composites) with an adapted design are needed. These concepts have to be developed to design the optimum combination of components. This requires material-specific knowledge and the ability to make correlations, as well as the design of complex technologies. Continuous large-scale and mass production (in-line, in-situ), thus reducing the costs of previously expensive composite materials and material compounds, is also necessary. The present work spans the entire field of composite materials and material compounds in a comparable and comparative manner and abstract form. A summarizing publication on this still very new, but already broad-based scientific field is not yet available. The separation of the individual, firmly divided groups of the composite materials is the reason for this. Cross-connections are rarely made. The objective of this work is to compensate to some extent for this deficiency. Special consideration is given to definitions and classifications, manufacturing processes and the properties of the materials. Clear structures and overviews are presented. Mapping established and new technologies will contribute to the stability of the terms "mixed material compounds" and "hybrid material compounds". In addition, the problem of recycling and recycling technologies is discussed. In summary, areas for future research and development projects will be specified. Generalized concepts for tailor-made composite materials and material compounds are proposed ("adjusting screw scheme") with an eye toward various production routes, especially for semi-finished products and components, and the associated findings. These general material concepts are applied to own current research projects pertaining to metal-matrix and polymer-matrix composites and hybrid material compounds. Research fields for future projects are extrapolated. Particular attention is paid to hybrid material compounds as the mainstay of future developments in lightweight construction. In-line and in-situ processes play a key role for large-scale, cost- and resource-efficient production.
Salem, Asma. "Propriétés diélectriques des composites à matrice PVDF comportant des nanotubes de carbone et du BaTiO3." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT047.
Full textIn a capacitor integrating concern for microelectronic applications, the scientific community is always looking for innovative materials. Needs have been created for a capacitive storage system with low cost and high efficiency, it is essential for the development of materials with high dielectric permittivity .The dielectric composites with polymer matrix had an increasing attention because of their good dielectric performances. The work of Asma SALEM's thesis joins in this context through the study of capacitives structures of polymer PVDF incorporating nanoparticles. The final goal is to estimate the potentialities in terms of gain of dielectric constant with regard to the inherent degradation waited in the dielectric losses. The works presented in this thesis carry on various composite structures with a polymer matrix PVDF incorporating carbon nanotubes and titanate barium
Guillemenet, Jérôme. "Etude expérimentale de la mise en forme de systèmes acier-polymère-acier." Mulhouse, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MULH0626.
Full textLe, Duc Anne. "Comportement et rupture de fibres cellulosiques lors de leur compoundage avec une matrice polymère." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00982245.
Full textKhemakhem, Marwa. "Valorisation du grignon d’olives : Utilisation comme charge dans des mélanges à matrice polymère." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI002.
Full textThis study is a contribution to the valorization of Olive Solid Waste (OSW) which displays a Lignocellulosic nature. The proposed approach consists in using the OSW as a filler in commodity polymers namely the poly (ethylene/propylene) [CEP] of fossil origin and the poly (lactic acid), derived from renewable resources. The different formulations, CEP/GO and PLA/GO, processed in the molten state in a twin screw extruder were studied from the side of rheological, thermal, mechanical properties and morphology. Different copolymers of various structures were used in order to promote the adhesion in the interface of the components and/or to reduce the polymer matrix degradation and to improve the composite systems performances. Morphological observations corroborated perfectly the studied properties
Van, Den Broek D'Obrenan Ghislain. "Adaptation du procédé RTM (Moulage par Transfert de Résine) à la mise en œuvre de matériaux composites à matrice thermoplastique." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00715806.
Full textMareri, Pascale. "Etude de la dispersion de fines particules de kaolin au sein d'une matrice polypropylène. Influence sur les propriétés mécaniques du polymère chargé." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20055.
Full textSbiai, Adil. "Matériaux composites à matrice époxyde chargée par des fibres de palmier dattier : effet de l'oxydation au tempo sur les fibres." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00738814.
Full textBahloul, Walid. "Génération in situ de dioxyde de titane par réactions d’hydrolysecondensations dans une matrice polymère fondu." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10124/document.
Full textPolypropylene/Titanium dioxide (PP/TiO2) nanocomposites were prepared from an original method based on the hydrolysis-condensation reactions of titanium alkoxide inorganic precursor premixed with PP under molten conditions. The synthesis is based on sol-gel method without solvent through extrusion process. A second treatment in hot water was applied in order to improve final conversion degree. First, hydrolysis-condensation reactions of titanium n-butoxide precursor were studied in model medium. Based on a kinetic equation carried out in the model medium, then the synthesis of titanium dioxide particles was transposed and modelled in polypropylene medium with high molar mass. Chemical, structural and morphological analyses highlight the in situ synthesis of bactericides PP/TiO2 nanocomposites andpresenting a particular morphological and rheological behaviour
Raud, Christophe. "Fissuration des composites carbone à matrice thermostable en traction isotherme et cyclage thermique." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DENS0013.
Full textVan, Durmen Pauline. "Étude de l'influence de la dispersion de nanotubes de carbone sur les propriétés électriques de composites à matrice PEEK." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2392/.
Full textThis thesis presents the processing and the characterization of electrically conductive composites for aeronautic applications. The multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) dispersion in a thermoplastic Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) (PEEK) was realized according to a solvent way followed by hightemperature extrusion. The study of the electrical properties of PEEK/MWNT composites showed a percolation threshold at 1. 5 wt. % MWNTs and a maximum electrical conductivity of 1 S/m. The change of the composites dielectric properties with the MWNTs weight fraction reveals a percolation phenomenon in the dielectric permittivity behavior at the electrical percolation. The low filler content enables the maintenance of the structural and mechanical properties of PEEK matrix. The MWNTs dispersion state and the electrical properties of composites were studied and discussed according to the amphiphilic molecules (palmitic acid) and Poly (Ether Ketone Ketone) (PEKK) oligomers addition and MWNTs purification