Journal articles on the topic 'Composite materials marine'
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1
Ertuğ, Burcu. "Advanced Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials for Marine Applications." Advanced Materials Research 772 (September 2013): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.772.173.
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Most widely used material in ship hull construction is undoubtedly the steel. Composite materials have become suitable choice for marine construction in 1960s. The usage of the fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) in marine applications offers ability to orient fiber strength, ability to mold complex shapes, low maintenance and flexibility. The most common reinforcement material in marine applications is E-glass fiber. Composite sandwich panels with FRP faces and low density foam cores have become the best choice for small craft applications. The U.S Navy is using honeycomb sandwich bulkheads to reduce the ship weight above the waterline. Composites will play their role in marine applications due to their lightness, strength, durability and ease of production. It is expected that especially FRP composites will endure their life for many years from now on in the construction of boat building.
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Li, Jun, Nan Huo Wu, You Hong Tang, Cheng Bi Zhao, De Yu Li, Wei Lin, and Fu Lin Liang. "Application of Composite Materials to Large Marine Hatch Cover." Advanced Materials Research 560-561 (August 2012): 809–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.560-561.809.
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A large number of laminates have been used in marine structures, such as small boat hulls, superstructures and propellers, etc. In this study, the using of composites in large scale marine hatch cover and comparison of strength, weight and cost between the conventional marine hatch cover and the composite hatch cover are investigated. The results show that the composite hatch cover is feasible and has great potential for future use because of its higher strength, lighter weight, super-corrosion resistance and economic.
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Koci, Mirela. "Composite Materials Behavior Analyze for Desk, Hull and Board Yacht's Panel." European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences 2, no. 3 (December 29, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejef.v2i3.p48-55.
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Materials science and composite technology are advancing rapidly, and new composites such as epoxy mixtures including the application of carbon nano tubes are becoming more popular with ever growing concern for high performance marine structures. Indeed, lightness, ease of production, durability and strength enable composites to play a vital role in marine applications. As the Marine sector continues to look at improving efficiency and reducing overall costs, Composite materials will play a huge part in the future of Marine construction. The paper is focused to the static linear simulation of elastic bodies using Solid Works Simulation. Stresses analyses have been developed in the static analyze which provide tools for the linear stress analysis of parts and assemblies loaded by static loads, taking in consideration for the analyze the most stressed part of the bottom, board and desk of the yachts Keywords: Static analyze, stress, composite materials, optimization, marine sector, leisure yachts.
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VIZENTIN, Goran, and Goran VUKELIC. "Degradation and Damage of Composite Materials in Marine Environment." Materials Science 26, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.26.3.22950.
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IIn spite the fact that composite materials have been in use in the maritime sector for over a half of century, classification societies regulations tend to limit the usage of composites at the larger scale. One of the reasons for such strict class rules is a lack of comprehensive analytical and numerical models representing the behaviour of composites in the sea environment. Understanding the process of degradation and damage of composite materials assisted by sea environment a crucial step in building such a model. This paper aims to give a critical review of the research advancements in assessments of the sea environment influence on the degradation of mechanical properties of composites with a special emphasis on developed models of processes containing water and moisture entering composite inner structure. The list of major references in the last five years is given and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Koci, Mirela, and Jorgaq Kacani. "Yahts Production, Traditional or Composite Materials, Advantages and Disadvantages." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 5, no. 1 (May 19, 2017): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v5i1.p462-467.
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In recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding the characteristic of composite materials and their tailored structures in the marine environment. Processing and production sectors also have received more attention resulting in the potential for the construction of complex, large assemblies capable of withstanding heavy loads. However, the key challenges involved in employing composites for marine applications include the need for optimization of capital expenditure and operating costs of boats, ships and other marine artefact's constructed using composites. The aim of this paper there is to analise the mechanical parameters of different materials for yahts production, focusing to the different composite materials, bringing in evidence the advantages and disadvantages, taking in consideration the yaht architecture, comfort, efective cost production and manteinance.
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KOCI, Mirela. "Stress Analysis of Composite Materials Used for Yacht Production Through Solid Work Simulation." European Journal of Economics and Business Studies 9, no. 1 (October 6, 2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejes.v9i1.p107-113.
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In recent years, considerable progress has been made in understanding the characteristic of composite materials and their tailored structures in the marine environment. Processing and production sectors also have received more attention resulting in the potential for the construction of complex, large assemblies capable of withstanding heavy loads. However, the key challenges involved in employing composites for marine applications include the need for optimization of capital expenditure and operating costs of boats, ships and other marine artifact’s constructed using composites. Materials science and composite technology are advancing rapidly, and new composites such as epoxy mixtures including the application of carbon nano tubes are becoming more popular with ever growing concern for high performance marine structures. Indeed, lightness, ease of production, durability and strength enable composites to play a vital role in marine applications. As the Marine sector continues to look at improving efficiency and reducing overall costs, Composite materials will play a huge part in the future of Marine construction. The paper is focused to the static linear simulation of elastic bodies using Solid Works Simulation. Stresses analyses have been developed in the static analyze which provide tools for the linear stress analysis of parts and assemblies loaded by static loads, taking in consideration for the analyze the most stressed part of the bottom, board and desk of the yachts
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Koci, Mirela. "Composite Materials Behavior Analyze for Desk, Hull and Board Yacht's Panel." European Journal of Engineering and Formal Sciences 2, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejef-2018-0016.
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Abstract Materials science and composite technology are advancing rapidly, and new composites such as epoxy mixtures including the application of carbon nano tubes are becoming more popular with ever growing concern for high performance marine structures. Indeed, lightness, ease of production, durability and strength enable composites to play a vital role in marine applications. As the Marine sector continues to look at improving efficiency and reducing overall costs, Composite materials will play a huge part in the future of Marine construction. The paper is focused to the static linear simulation of elastic bodies using Solid Works Simulation. Stresses analyses have been developed in the static analyze which provide tools for the linear stress analysis of parts and assemblies loaded by static loads, taking in consideration for the analyze the most stressed part of the bottom, board and desk of the yachts
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KIRATLI, Sakine. "Marine Applications of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites." International Journal of Advanced Natural Sciences and Engineering Researches 7, no. 7 (August 9, 2023): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.59287/ijanser.1338.
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Composite materials are formed by bringing together two or more materials that are insolublein each other at a macro level. Composites consist of two main elements such as reinforcement (thecarrier) and matrix (the binder). These materials are generally classified according to matrix andreinforcement elements. In the classification made according to the matrix element, polymer, metal, andceramic matrix composites are examined. In this classification, polymer matrix composites are widelyused in practice. A polymer matrix from the thermoset or thermoplastic group is reinforced with varioustypes of continuous or short fibers. Composites belonging to this group are widely used in basic sectorssuch as automotive, aviation, and marine. Especially in the marine sector, polymer matrix composites areused in the construction of marine vehicles (ships, boats, yachts, etc.) and equipment. Marine systems andstructures include the hull and shipbuilding industries (ship and submarine masts, propellers, and interiorparts), the offshore applications industry (gas pipelines, tendons, and support structures), and therenewable energy sector (turbine devices and rotor blades). The importance of lightweight design isincreasing day by day in vehicles used in land, air, and sea transportation. Today, the increase in the valueof both safety and energy savings causes research on composite materials to intensify in the marinesector. It is advantageous to use composite materials in many parts so that negative environmental effectssuch as corrosion, biological pollution, seawater aging, and hydrostatic pressure cause minimal damage tomarine structures. With the developments in composite science, the level of use of these materials isincreasing in the marine sector, as in every other field. This review presents an overview of the use ofpolymer matrix composites in the marine industry.
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Amaechi, Chiemela Victor, Cole Chesterton, Harrison Obed Butler, Nathaniel Gillet, Chunguang Wang, Idris Ahmed Ja’e, Ahmed Reda, and Agbomerie Charles Odijie. "Review of Composite Marine Risers for Deep-Water Applications: Design, Development and Mechanics." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 3 (March 17, 2022): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6030096.
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In recent times, the utilisation of marine composites in tubular structures has grown in popularity. These applications include composite risers and related SURF (subsea umbilicals, risers and flowlines) units. The composite industry has evolved in the development of advanced composites, such as thermoplastic composite pipes (TCP) and hybrid composite structures. However, there are gaps in the understanding of its performance in composite risers, hence the need for this review on the design, hydrodynamics and mechanics of composite risers. The review covers both the structure of the composite production riser (CPR) and its end-fittings for offshore marine applications. It also reviews the mechanical behaviour of composite risers, their microstructure and strength/stress profiles. In principle, designers now have a greater grasp of composite materials. It was concluded that composites differ from standard materials such as steel. Basically, composites have weight savings and a comparative stiffness-to-strength ratio, which are advantageous in marine composites. Also, the offshore sector has grown in response to newer innovations in composite structures such as composite risers, thereby providing new cost-effective techniques. This comprehensive review shows the necessity of optimising existing designs of composite risers. Conclusions drawn portray issues facing composite riser research. Recommendations were made to encourage composite riser developments, including elaboration of necessary standards and specifications.
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Sutherland, L. S. "A review of impact testing on marine composite materials: Part I – Marine impacts on marine composites." Composite Structures 188 (March 2018): 197–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.12.073.
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RAHEEM, ABDUL, and K. M. SUBBAYA. "A Review on Hybrid Composites used for Marine Propellers." Material Science Research India 18, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/msri/180101.
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Parts and constructions performance in the marine environments are subjected to high stress a priori to the measures of wind and waves. This review involve about the hybrid composite fabrication from artificial fibers of polymer composite. Hybrid composite furnish combination of property such as tensile modulus, compressive and impact strength which cannot realized in composite materials. The materials used for marine propellers of a varying number of blades with the fixed and controllable pitch having different diameters and skew angles and type of propellers were reviewed. Structural simulation, erosion wear tests, cavitations, bend twist coupling analyses, CFD case studies, fluid simulation method reviewed in this paper. Glass fiber composites proved to be economical and its adaptable in economical point of view. Carbon fiber composite propellers have more advantages than others with little compromise. In current scenario hybrid composite have been established as highly efficient, structural materials, high performances and their use is rapidly increasing. The current paper outline the utilizing of hybrid composite material for marine propellers as their versatility in enhancing good results.
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Summerscales, J. "Design of marine structures in composite materials." Composites Science and Technology 41, no. 1 (January 1991): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-3538(91)90055-t.
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Barah, Obinna O., Kennedy C. Onyelowe, Emmanuel B. O. Olotu, and Milon Selvam Dennison. "Aluminium 6061 and Hybridized Agro-Marine Waste Particulate Composite: Review." IDOSR JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 9, no. 2 (June 3, 2023): 83–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.59298/idosr/jst/03.1.12007.
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The use of agro-marine waste particulates in composites has gained attention as a result of the desire for sustainable and cost-effective materials. In this review, the biomechanical and crystallography properties of AA 6061 alloy reinforcement of various agro-marine waste particulates were investigated, including sugarcane bagasse, fly ash, coconut shell, eggshell, and seashell. The addition of agro-marine waste particulates significantly improved the mechanical characteristics of the composites, with coconut and egg shells hybridization showing the highest advancement in strength and resistance. TEM analysis confirmed good interfacial bonding. Agro-marine waste particulates are a promising candidate for sustainable and low-cost reinforcement materials in composites, owing to their abundance and environmental benefits. This review discusses recent research on how to use agro-marine particulates as reinforcement resources in Aluminium 6061 composites, including their mechanical, physical, and microstructural properties. The incorporation of agro-marine waste particulates has shown a substantial enhancement of the structural characteristics of the admixture, particularly tensile strength, stiffness, and resistivity of wear. Hybridization of different agro-marine waste particulates has further enhanced the quality of the composites, with microstructural analysis confirming good interfacial bonding. However, challenges such as optimizing processing methods, enhancing interfacial bonding, and assessing long-term durability must be addressed to realize the full potential of agro-marine waste particulates as reinforcement materials. This review highlights the potential of agromarine waste particulates as sustainable and low-cost reinforcement materials in Aluminium 6061 composites, which can contribute to environmental sustainability and improve the performance of composites in various applications. Future research should focus on addressing the challenges to optimize the properties of agro-marine waste particulatereinforced composites. Keywords: AA6061 composites, Agro-marine waste, Particulate composite, Sustainability, Interfacial bonding, Mechanical properties, Processing methods.
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El Hawary, Omar, Luca Boccarusso, Martin P. Ansell, Massimo Durante, and Fulvio Pinto. "An Overview of Natural Fiber Composites for Marine Applications." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 5 (May 19, 2023): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11051076.
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Environmental emergency awareness has been gaining momentum in recent years in the composite manufacturing industry, with a new generation of composite materials minimizing their harmful environmental impacts by employing more sustainable manufacturing processes and, where possible, replacing synthetic materials with more sustainable bio-based materials, thus more efficiently using energy and material resources. In this context, natural fiber composites are proposed as appealing candidates to replace or reduce the use of synthetic fibers for reinforcing polymers in several industrial fields, such as the marine sector, where composite usage has been extensively studied in recent years. This review aims to present a thorough overview of the usage of natural fiber composites for marine applications, discussing the most relevant criteria required for applications where water exposure is expected. For this purpose, the review outlines the natural fibers and matrices used, analyzes the resultant composites’ mechanical properties, and presents the fiber treatments required before manufacturing, as well as the main manufacturing processes adopted for natural fiber composite production. The advantages and disadvantages of natural fibers compared to synthetic fibers are also presented, including economic and environmental credentials. Finally, a list of marine components with natural fiber reinforcements developed in recent years is reported.
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Nayak, Sunil, M. Prasanna Kumar, and Vinay K M. "A Review on Recent Development in Advanced Composite Marine Propellers." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 1 (January 31, 2023): 547–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.48614.
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Abstract: The present status of research and technological development in the field of composite marine propeller. There is an increasing interest in the marine industry to use composite to improve the hydrodynamics and structural performance of naval structure. Composite materials have high strength to weight and stiffness to weight ratio. The use of composites considerably increased to optimize the physical and organizational reliability of such sea vessels and decrease the expense of establishment and utilisation
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Caramatescu, Adrian, and Costel Iulian Mocanu. "Review of composite materials applications in marine industry." Analele Universităţii "Dunărea de Jos" din Galaţi. Fascicula XI, Construcţii navale/ Annals of "Dunărea de Jos" of Galati, Fascicle XI, Shipbuilding 42 (November 26, 2019): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/annugalshipbuilding.2019.42.23.
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Kimpara, Isao. "Use of advanced composite materials in marine vehicles." Marine Structures 4, no. 2 (January 1991): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0951-8339(91)90016-5.
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Jena, Hemalata, and Abinash Panigrahi. "The effect of clam shell powder on kinetics of water absorption of jute epoxy composite." World Journal of Engineering 18, no. 5 (February 4, 2021): 684–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-08-2020-0334.
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Purpose Here, attempts have been made to explore the possible use of Marine waste as filler materials into the bio-fibre composites. Clam shell is a type of marine waste which belongs to the class of Bivalvia. It is mainly made of aragonite crystalline polymorphs. This paper aims to develop a new class of natural fibre composite in which jute fibre as reinforcement, epoxy as matrix and clam shell, as particulate microsphere filler. The study investigates the effects of different amounts of clam shell powder on the kinetics of water absorption of jute fibre-reinforced epoxy composite. Two different environmental conditions at room temperature, i.e. distilled water and seawater, are collected for this purpose. Moisture absorption reduces when clam shell is added to the jute-epoxy composite. The curve of water absorption of jute-epoxy composites with filler loading at both environmental conditions follows as Fickian behaviour. Design/methodology/approach Hand lay-up technique to fabricate the composite – Experimental observation Findings The incorporation of Clam shell filler in jute epoxy composite modified the water absorption property of the composite. Hence the present marine waste is an potential filler in jute fibre reinforced polymer composite. Originality/value The paper demonstrates a new class hybrid composite material which uses a marine waste as important phase in the bio-fibre-reinforced composite. It is a new work submitted for original research paper.
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Amaechi, Chiemela Victor, Nathaniel Gillet, Idris Ahmed Ja’e, and Chunguang Wang. "Tailoring the Local Design of Deep Water Composite Risers to Minimise Structural Weight." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 4 (March 26, 2022): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6040103.
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Following the rising technological advancements on composite marine structures, there is a corresponding surge in the demand for its deployment as ocean engineering applications. The push for exploration activities in deep waters necessitates the need for composite marine structures to reduce structural payload and lessen weights/loads on platform decks. This gain is achieved by its high strength–stiffness modulus and light-in-weight attributes, enabling easier marine/offshore operations. Thus, the development of composite marine risers considers critical composite characteristics to optimize marine risers’ design. Hence, an in-depth study on composite production risers (CPR) is quite pertinent in applying composite materials to deep water applications. Two riser sections of 3 m and 5 m were investigated under a 2030 m water depth environment to minimise structural weight. ANSYS Composites ACP was utilized for the CPR’s finite element model (FEM) under different load conditions. The choice of the material, the fibre orientation, and the lay-up configurations utilised in the modelling technique have been reported. In addition, the behaviour of the composite risers’ layers under four loadings has been investigated under marine conditions. Recommendations were made for the composite tubular structure. Results on stresses and weight savings were obtained from different composite riser configurations. The recommended composite riser design that showed the best performance is AS4/PEEK utilising PEEK liner, however more work is suggested using global design loadings on the CPR.
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Koci, Mirela. "Influence of Implementation of Composite Materials in Maritime Industry on CO2 Emission’s Reduction." European Journal of Natural Sciences and Medicine 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/306bab21.
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The future of the composites market looks attractive with opportunities in the transportation, construction, wind energy, pipe - tank, marine, consumer goods, electrical and electronics, aerospace, and others. The composite materials market is expected to reach an estimated $40.2 billion by 2024 and it is forecast to grow at a CAGR of 3.3% from 2019 to 2024. The composite materials that have started to be used in the production of tourist boats, especially those of the yacht type, have proved in practice the designers' expectations for the great advantages they have brought compared to steel. The performance of the new generation ships of this millennium, will require the ever-increasing use of new and innovative materials, to meet the also growing demands of potential buyers of these vehicles. On the other hand, based on the already sanctioned principles of the European Community for the observance of the norms set for CO2 emissions from maritime transport - (Green shipping) in respect of the Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change, it becomes more necessary to produce marine vehicles that significantly reduce the weight of marine vessels, consequently engine power and fuel consumption by significantly reducing CO2 emissions. This study aims to bring a specific analysis of the impact of composite materials to the CO2 emission’s reduction.
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Jelić, Aleksandra, Danijela Kovačević, Marina Stamenović, and Slaviša Putić. "Current technologies for recycling fiber-reinforced composites." Scientific Technical Review 70, no. 3 (2020): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/str2003024j.
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High strength, high toughness, and low weight make fiber-reinforced composite materials important as an alternative to traditional materials. Due to their application in different fields, such as construction, aviation, marine, automotive technologies and biomedicine, their production has increased leading to the increasement of composite wastes. New technologies for managing fiber-reinforced composite wastes have been developed to solve the issue of end-of-life of these materials. The aim of this paper is to emphasize recycling technologies used for fiber reinforced composites, and their potential reusage.
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Afshar, Arash. "Synergistic effects of marine environments and flexural fatigue on carbon fiber–vinyl ester composites protected by gelcoat." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 26 (February 1, 2017): 3711–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317691586.
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The current process for designing reliable and enduring naval composite crafts and structures is instrumentally dependent upon utilizing protective coatings to shield composite materials against environmental based degradation. However, as coatings can be vulnerable to corrosion and/or erosion in harsh marine environments, they may gradually lose their protective abilities, leading to damage accumulation in the protected composites. To demonstrate the criticality of this process, gel-coated carbon fiber–vinyl ester laminates are subjected to a simulated marine environment consisting of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, moisture, and cyclic mechanical loading. Next, degradation in composite laminates is probed through measuring the flexural strength. Damage in gelcoat is further characterized by digital microscopy of its surface. Correlation between degradation of the gelcoat surface and loss in the mechanical properties of coated composite laminates is also investigated.
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Abdurohman, Kosim, Mohammad Adhitya, and Afid Nugroho. "Durability Study of Glass/Carbon Hybrid Composites Immersed in Seawater for Marine Application." Key Engineering Materials 941 (March 17, 2023): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-7titb8.
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The hybridization of carbon fiber (CFRP) and glass fiber (GFRP) composites is required to overcome the disadvantages of GFRP composites and their commercial feasibility for marine applications. This study was conducted on a hybrid glass/carbon composite with a vinyl ester matrix made by vacuum-assisted resin infusion process with a stacking sequence of [GCG2CG2C] s. Composites are immersed in natural seawater for up to 6 months. The maximum weight gain of e-glass/carbon hybrid composite is 0.79%. The results showed that the tensile, shear and compressive strengths of the glass/carbon hybrid composite after immersion in natural seawater decreased to 19%, 13%, and 50%, respectively. The decrease in compressive strength is the highest compared to others. It indicates that compressive strength should be of more significant concern for marine environmental applications. SEM analysis exhibited that seawater absorption causes the matrix, fiber, and fiber/matrix interface degradation. It is indicated by the absence of a firm matrix fracture surface, the number of fractures in the thread, the presence of fiber/matrix debonding, and fiber pull-out in the specimen after immersion in seawater. It is the cause of the decrease in the mechanical properties of the hybrid composite.
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Lua, James, Christopher T. Key, Shane C. Schumacher, and Andrew C. Hansen. "Rate Dependent Multicontinuum Progressive Failure Analysis of Woven Fabric Composite Structures under Dynamic Impact." Shock and Vibration 11, no. 2 (2004): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2004/742085.
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Marine composite materials typically exhibit significant rate dependent response characteristics when subjected to extreme dynamic loading conditions. In this work, a strain-rate dependent continuum damage model is incorporated with multicontinuum technology (MCT) to predict damage and failure progression for composite material structures. MCT treats the constituents of a woven fabric composite as separate but linked continua, thereby allowing a designer to extract constituent stress/strain information in a structural analysis. The MCT algorithm and material damage model are numerically implemented with the explicit finite element code LS-DYNA3D via a user-defined material model (umat). The effects of the strain-rate hardening model are demonstrated through both simple single element analyses for woven fabric composites and also structural level impact simulations of a composite panel subjected to various impact conditions. Progressive damage at the constituent level is monitored throughout the loading. The results qualitatively illustrate the value of rate dependent material models for marine composite materials under extreme dynamic loading conditions.
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Vizentin, Goran, and Goran Vukelic. "Prediction of the Deterioration of FRP Composite Properties Induced by Marine Environments." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 4 (April 6, 2022): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10040510.
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In this paper, a model for the prediction of fatigue life degradation of fiber-reinforced (FRP) composite materials exposed for prolonged periods to real marine environments is proposed. The data collected during the previous phases of a more comprehensive research of real marine environment-induced changes of mechanical properties in FRP composites are used to assess the influence of these changes on the durability characteristics of composites. Attention is paid to the classification societies’ design and exploitation rules on this matter. The need for the modification of the process used for obtaining composite material S–N curves, considering the influence of the marine environment, is studied. A regression analysis of the experimental data is conducted, resulting in a mathematical model of strength degradation over time. The regression analysis shows an acceptable correlation value. The S–N curves for E-glass/polyester composites with three different fiber layout configurations are evaluated and modified to encompass the findings of this research.
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SEVART, JEFFREY L., O. HAYDEN GRIFFIN, ZAFER GÜRDAL, and GAIL A. WARNER. "Flammability and Toxicity of Composite Materials for Marine Vehicles." Naval Engineers Journal 102, no. 5 (September 1990): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1990.tb00899.x.
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Grenier, Andrew T., Nicholas A. Dembsey, and Jonathan R. Barnett. "Fire characteristics of cored composite materials for marine use." Fire Safety Journal 30, no. 2 (March 1998): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-7112(97)00059-3.
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Swiderski, Waldemar, and Martyna Strag. "Possibilities of Detecting Damage Due to Osmosis of GFRP Composites Used in Marine Applications." Applied Sciences 13, no. 7 (March 24, 2023): 4171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13074171.
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The marine composites market is driven by the increasing demand for lightweight, corrosion-resistant, and impact-resistant boats. Polymer matrix composites are currently the most popular composite material in marine applications. Fiberglass composites are practically the main type of fiber composites that are used extensively in marine applications. Due to the aggressive sea environment, composite structural elements of ships are exposed to damage due to the phenomenon of osmosis. This damage is also favored by defects that result from impacts and technological errors during the production of these elements. Non-destructive testing methods are necessary to detect damage in the internal structure of the composite. The paper presents a numerical analysis of the possibility of using vibrothermography in the detection of defects in glass–fiber reinforced laminates in marine applications. Numerical simulations have shown that the most favorable method for detecting defects will be acoustic waves. This is an unusual application because, as a rule, the range of ultrasonic waves is used in vibrothermography. In our further works, it is planned to verify numerical calculations through experimental research. The applicability of the terahertz technique was also assessed. During the experimental testing, all defects in the test sample of the glass–fiber reinforced composite were detected using this technique. The presented results indicate the applicability of the presented methods for the detection of defects in composites used in marine applications.
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Zhou, Haiyi, Pengcheng Jiao, and Yingtien Lin. "Emerging Deep-Sea Smart Composites: Advent, Performance, and Future Trends." Materials 15, no. 18 (September 17, 2022): 6469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15186469.
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To solve the global shortage of land and offshore resources, the development of deep-sea resources has become a popular topic in recent decades. Deep-sea composites are widely used materials in abyssal resources extraction, and corresponding marine exploration vehicles and monitoring devices for deep-sea engineering. This article firstly reviews the existing research results and limitations of marine composites and equipment or devices used for resource extraction. By combining the research progress of smart composites, deep-sea smart composite materials with the three characteristics of self-diagnosis, self-healing, and self-powered are proposed and relevant studies are summarized. Finally, the review summarizes research challenges for the materials, and looks forward to the development of new composites and their practical application in conjunction with the progress of composites disciplines and AI techniques.
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Solovyeva, Ya Yu. "Development of low-vibration marine propellers." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre S-I, no. 2 (December 21, 2021): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2021-2-s-i-40-43.
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This paper discusses excessive vibration of propulsion plants and analyses global experience in practical application of the propellers made of composite materials with improved acoustic performance. The author points out that composite materials and additive technologies could be a viable path towards marine propellers with improved acoustic and vibration properties.
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Ez-zaki, H., A. Diouri, S. Kamali-Bernard, and O. Sassi. "Composite cement mortars based on marine sediments and oyster shell powder." Materiales de Construcción 66, no. 321 (February 4, 2016): e080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/mc.2016.01915.
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Sangamesh, Rajole, Naveen Kumar, K. S. Ravishankar, and S. M. Kulkarni. "Mechanical Characterization and Finite Element Analysis of Jute-Epoxy Composite." MATEC Web of Conferences 144 (2018): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814402014.
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Natural fiber composite materials are such an appropriate material, that replaces synthetic composite materials for many of practical applications where we need high strength and low density. Natural fiber composites combine the technological, ecological and economical aspects. This leads to discovering its vast applications in the aeronautics, automotive, marine and sporting sectors. This paper deals with the study on mechanical characterization (Tensile, Compression and Flexural) of jute/epoxy (JE) polymer composite. The flexural properties of composites are experimentally tested and are simulated in commercially available FEA software. Flexural tested results are in good agreement with FEA results. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the failed samples reveals the matrix dominated failure.
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Davies, Peter. "Environmental degradation of composites for marine structures: new materials and new applications." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2071 (July 13, 2016): 20150272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0272.
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This paper describes the influence of seawater ageing on composites used in a range of marine structures, from boats to tidal turbines. Accounting for environmental degradation is an essential element in the multi-scale modelling of composite materials but it requires reliable test data input. The traditional approach to account for ageing effects, based on testing samples after immersion for different periods, is evolving towards coupled studies involving strong interactions between water diffusion and mechanical loading. These can provide a more realistic estimation of long-term behaviour but still require some form of acceleration if useful data, for 20 year lifetimes or more, are to be obtained in a reasonable time. In order to validate extrapolations from short to long times, it is essential to understand the degradation mechanisms, so both physico-chemical and mechanical test data are required. Examples of results from some current studies on more environmentally friendly materials including bio-sourced composites will be described first. Then a case study for renewable marine energy applications will be discussed. In both cases, studies were performed first on coupons at the material level, then during structural testing and analysis of large components, in order to evaluate their long-term behaviour. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Multiscale modelling of the structural integrity of composite materials’.
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Yang, Tian, Yongliang Jin, Haitao Duan, Jiesong Tu, Dan Jia, Shengpeng Zhan, Lian Liu, and Jianwei Qi. "Tribological properties of PAANa/UHMWPE composite materials in seawater lubrication." Journal of Polymer Engineering 39, no. 10 (November 26, 2019): 874–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2019-0149.
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Abstract To prepare a high-performance anti-friction and wear-resistant composite material for friction sub-components in marine equipment, a modification was made by adding different amounts sodium polyacrylate (PAANa) to ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). PAANa/UHMWPE-blended powders were prepared at individual weight ratios of 0/100, 3/97, 5/95, 8/92, 13/87, and 18/82 with hot-press molding. In seawater, experiments of PAANa/UHMWPE composites sliding against GCr15 have been conducted with a ball-on-disk configuration in this study. The results show the surface hardness of composites was almost the same with the increase in PAANa proportion, however, the friction coefficient and wear scars of PAANa/UHMWPE composites/GCr15 sliding pairs firstly decrease and then increase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show that wear mechanism of the composites is mainly plastic deformation and spalling. The composites with PAANa content of 3% and 5% achieves better tribological properties than the pure UHMWPE material.
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Maisha I Alam, Kazi M Maraz, and Ruhul A Khan. "A review on the application of high-performance fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 020–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2022.10.2.0036.
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Composites have been identified as the most promising and discriminating material now accessible in the twenty-first century. Currently, composites reinforced with high-performance fibers of synthetic or natural materials are gaining traction as the market's need for lightweight materials with high strength increases. Outstanding performance not only does a fiber-reinforced polymer composite have a high strength-to-weight ratio, but it also exhibits excellent qualities such as increased durability, stiffness, damping property, flexural strength, corrosion resistance, wear, impact, and fire. Composite materials have found uses in various industrial sectors, including mechanical, construction, aerospace, automotive, biomedical, and marine. Because their constituent elements and fabrication techniques primarily determine the performance of composite materials, it is necessary to investigate the functional properties of various fibers available worldwide, their classifications, and the fabrication techniques used to fabricate the composite materials. A survey of a broad range of high-performance fibers is offered, together with their qualities, functionality, categorization, and production procedures, to identify the optimal high-performance fiber-reinforced composite material for crucial applications. Due to their superior performance in a wide variety of applications, high-performance fiber-reinforced composite materials have emerged as a viable alternative to solo metals or alloys.
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Kim, Dong-Uk, Hyoung-Seock Seo, and Ho-Yun Jang. "Study on Mechanical Bearing Strength and Failure Modes of Composite Materials for Marine Structures." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9070726.
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With the gradual application of composite materials to ships and offshore structures, the structural strength of composites that can replace steel should be explored. In this study, the mechanical bearing strength and failure modes of a composite-to-metal joining structure connected by mechanically fastened joints were experimentally analyzed. The effects of the fiber tensile strength and stress concentration on the static bearing strength and failure modes of the composite structures were investigated. For the experiment, quasi-isotropic [45°/0°/–45°/90°]2S carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP) and glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) specimens were prepared with hole diameters of 5, 6, 8, and 10 mm. The experimental results showed that the average static bearing strength of the CFRP specimen was 30% or higher than that of the GFRP specimen. In terms of the failure mode of the mechanically fastened joint, a cleavage failure mode was observed in the GFRP specimen for hole diameters of 5 mm and 6 mm, whereas a net-tension failure mode was observed for hole diameters of 8 mm and 10 mm. Bearing failure occurred in the CFRP specimens.
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Seikh, Ziyauddin, Mukandar Sekh, Sandip Kunar, Golam Kibria, Rafiqul Haque, and Shamim Haidar. "Rice Husk Ash Reinforced Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites: A Review." Materials Science Forum 1070 (October 13, 2022): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-u8s016.
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Metal matrix composite materials are a novel material generation capable of handling the implementation of advanced technology's growing needs. Aluminium-based metal matrix composites are widely used in automobiles and aerospace, as well as other industries, including defence and marine systems, due to their relatively low processing costs as compared to other matrices such as magnesium, copper, titanium, and zinc. Ceramic particles were shown to improve mechanical properties like hardness and tensile strength. The product's compactness and price, however, were both boosted. Agricultural waste materials are widely available today in significant amounts, and researchers have focused on using wastes as reinforcing fillers in composites to counteract pollution. Rice husk ash added to an aluminium alloy matrix increases the composite's mechanical properties while also increasing its wear resistance. According to scanning electron micrographs of the composite, the ash from rice husks is evenly distributed all over the aluminium matrix. Wear can vary from micro-cutting to oxidation at high temperatures in an aluminium alloy. Strain fields are produced and composite material wear resistance is improved due to the difference in coefficients of thermal expansion between the matrix and reinforcing materials. This study focuses on the production process, properties, and performance of an aluminium alloy composite incorporating rice husk ash, which has high hardness as well as wear resistance.
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Rajak, Dipen, Durgesh Pagar, Pradeep Menezes, and Emanoil Linul. "Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites: Manufacturing, Properties, and Applications." Polymers 11, no. 10 (October 12, 2019): 1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11101667.
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Composites have been found to be the most promising and discerning material available in this century. Presently, composites reinforced with fibers of synthetic or natural materials are gaining more importance as demands for lightweight materials with high strength for specific applications are growing in the market. Fiber-reinforced polymer composite offers not only high strength to weight ratio, but also reveals exceptional properties such as high durability; stiffness; damping property; flexural strength; and resistance to corrosion, wear, impact, and fire. These wide ranges of diverse features have led composite materials to find applications in mechanical, construction, aerospace, automobile, biomedical, marine, and many other manufacturing industries. Performance of composite materials predominantly depends on their constituent elements and manufacturing techniques, therefore, functional properties of various fibers available worldwide, their classifications, and the manufacturing techniques used to fabricate the composite materials need to be studied in order to figure out the optimized characteristic of the material for the desired application. An overview of a diverse range of fibers, their properties, functionality, classification, and various fiber composite manufacturing techniques is presented to discover the optimized fiber-reinforced composite material for significant applications. Their exceptional performance in the numerous fields of applications have made fiber-reinforced composite materials a promising alternative over solitary metals or alloys.
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Muribwathoho, Oritonda, Velaphi Msomi, and Sipokazi Mabuwa. "Metal Matrix Composite Developed with Marine Grades: A Review." Materials Science Forum 1085 (April 20, 2023): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-jub91t.
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Metal matrix composites (MMCs) are now one of the most significant groups of modern engineering materials as a result of the increased attention they have received in recent years. MMCs have recently been manufactured using a variety of technical specifications and techniques, with properties such as the ability to withstand thermal stability at the lowest possible cost, reduced weight and density, increased strength and toughness, and improved wear resistance. It is crucial to homogenize the distribution of the reinforcing phase during composite processing in order to generate particulate or fibrous solid microstructures, depending on the form of the reinforcing phase of the composite. This implies that new procedures must be employed to enhance the mechanical and microstructural properties of metal products. One of the answers to the above challenges is friction stir processing (FSP). FSP improves the surface quality, ductility, formability, strength, hardness, and fatigue life of metal alloys without altering the properties of metals in bulk. This study aims to review MMCs suitable for FSP-designed marine structures and identify knowledge gaps. According to the literature, MMCs are advanced materials capable of exhibiting microstructure, increased hardness, strength, excellent damping, wear, and reduced thermal expansion, making them suitable for a wide range of applications. Although FSP is recognized as a new secondary processing approach to enhance the microstructure and properties of MMCs, few studies have reported the production of MMCs suitable for marine applications. Therefore, this opens a large gap that needs to be filled and requires further investigation of MMCs development.
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Xie, Hai Bo, Zheng Jiang Liu, Yang Song, and Shi Bo Zhou. "Research and Analysis on Damage of Marine Ship Structures by Composite Materials Based on FEM Numerical Simulation." Key Engineering Materials 852 (July 2020): 129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.852.129.
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In view of the particularity of marine foam sandwich composite structure, this paper establishes an equivalent parameter conversion system based on the classical sandwich structure design idea, and forms an equivalent simulation method to determine the initial stiffness, initial failure load and ultimate failure load of the structure. The simulation discriminant method makes the SHELL91 shell unit available for the marine foam sandwich composite structure. The bending test of the basic structure of marine foam sandwich composite beams and plates is described in detail. The equivalent simulation method is verified. The initial stiffness, initial failure load and ultimate failure load of the equivalent simulation are in good agreement with the experimental results. The paper finds through the finite element numerical simulation that the research results are consistent with the reality and have strong practicability and popularization. The paper preliminarily believes that this method can be applied to the simulation calculation of large foam sandwich composite ships and marine structures. The calculation amount is greatly reduced based on ensuring the accuracy, and the calculation work such as strength criterion and stiffness check of the overall structure has Strongly convincing.
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Qin, Yang, John Summerscales, Jasper Graham-Jones, Maozhou Meng, and Richard Pemberton. "Monomer Selection for In Situ Polymerization Infusion Manufacture of Natural-Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic-Matrix Marine Composites." Polymers 12, no. 12 (December 7, 2020): 2928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12122928.
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Awareness of environmental issues has led to increasing interest from composite researchers in using “greener” materials to replace synthetic fiber reinforcements and petrochemical polymer matrices. Natural fiber bio-based thermoplastic composites could be an appropriate choice with advantages including reducing environmental impacts, using renewable resources and being recyclable. The choice of polymer matrix will significantly affect the cost, manufacturing process, mechanical properties and durability of the composite system. The criteria for appropriate monomers are based on the processing temperature and viscosity, polymer mechanical properties, recyclability, etc. This review considers the selection of thermoplastic monomers suitable for in situ polymerization during resin, now monomer, infusion under flexible tooling (RIFT, now MIFT), with a primary focus on marine composite applications. Given the systems currently available, methyl methacrylate (MMA) may be the most suitable monomer, especially for marine composites. MMA has low process temperatures, a long open window for infusion, and low moisture absorption. However, end-of-life recovery may be limited to matrix depolymerization. Bio-based MMA is likely to become commercially available in a few years. Polylactide (PLA) is an alternative infusible monomer, but the relatively high processing temperature may require expensive consumable materials and could compromise natural fiber properties.
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Ghabezi, Pouyan, and Noel M. Harrison. "Hygrothermal deterioration in carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy composite laminates aged in marine-based environment (degradation mechanism, mechanical and physicochemical properties)." Journal of Materials Science 57, no. 6 (January 27, 2022): 4239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-022-06917-2.
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AbstractOne of the major challenges in off-shore tidal and wave energy devices is the ageing of these structures in the hostile marine environment, which limits their operating life. In this research, mechanical properties of aged glass/epoxy and carbon/epoxy composite specimens including tensile strength, Young’s modulus, flexural strength, and shear strength, following immersion in a representative accelerated marine degradation environment (artificial seawater, with 3.5% salinity at room temperature and 60 °C) have been investigated. The microstructure and physicochemical characterization of the aged samples were assessed via microscopic imaging, micro-CT scanning and differential scanning calorimetry. The degradation phenomenon was apparent in the change of mechanical properties and microstructure of composite laminates (micro-cracks and debonding between matrix and fibre). Generally, the ageing process had a more severe effect on tensile and shear strengths of glass/epoxy samples than those of carbon/epoxy specimens. Reversely, the results of bending tests of carbon/epoxy composites showed more drop-in flexural properties than glass/epoxy samples. The results revealed that degradation mechanisms continue even after reaching the saturation point in composite materials. The achievements of this research present a good understanding of the effect of degradation of composite materials in salt water to deal with their application in real service environment.
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Velavan, K., and K. Palanikumar. "Effect of Silicon Carbide (SiC) on Stir Cast Aluminium Metal Matrix Hybrid Composites – A Review." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.293.
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Nowadays, the usage of metal matrix composites is increased in aero space, automotive, marine, electronic and manufacturing industries. Aluminum metal matrix composites have attained significant attention due to their good mechanical properties like strength, stiffness, abrasion and impact resistant, corrosion resistance. When compared to the conventional materials Aluminum Silicon Carbide (AlSiC) hybrid materials available in minimum cost. In the present study, based on the literature review, the individual Silicon Carbide with aluminum and combined influence of Silicon Carbide with graphite reinforcements Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites and Silicon Carbide with mica reinforcement Aluminum is studied. The monolithic composite materials are combined in different compositions by stir casting fabrication techniques, to produce composite materials. The literature review framework in this paper provides a clear overview of the usage of Graphite and Mica as a reinforcing agent in different composition matrices along with its distinctive performances.
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Muribwathoho, Oritonda, Velaphi Msomi, and Sipokazi Mabuwa. "Metal Matrix Composite Fabricated with 5000 Series Marine Grades of Aluminium Using FSP Technique: State of the Art Review." Applied Sciences 12, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 12832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122412832.
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Aluminium metal matrix composites have been shown to make significant contributions to the area of new materials and have become widely accepted in high-tech structural and functional applications such as those in the aircraft, automobile, marine, mineral, defence, transportation, thermal management, automotive, and sports and recreation fields. Metal matrix composites are manufactured using a variety of manufacturing processes. Stirring casting, powder metallurgy, squeezing casting, in situ processes, deposition techniques, and electroplating are part of the manufacturing process used in the manufacture of aluminium-metal matrix composites. Metal matrix composites that use friction stir processing have a distinct advantage over metal matrix composites that use other manufacturing techniques. FSP’s benefits include a finer grain, processing zone homogeneity, densification, and the homogenization of aluminium alloy and composite precipitates. Most metal matrix composite investigations achieve aluminium-metal matrix composite precipitate grain refinement, treated zone homogeneity, densification, and homogenization. This part of the work examines the impact of reinforcing particles, process parameters, multiple passes, and active cooling on mechanical properties during the fabrication of 5000-series aluminium-metal matrix composites using friction stir processing. This paper reports on the available literature on aluminium metal matrix composites fabricated with 5xxx series marine grade aluminium alloy using FSP.
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Singh, Lokesh, Shankar Sehgal, and K. Saxena Kuldeep. "Behaviour of Al2O3 in aluminium matrix composites: An overview." E3S Web of Conferences 309 (2021): 01028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130901028.
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In this paper, behaviour of Al2O3 in aluminium matrix composites is reviewed for its properties and applications. In addition, many metal matrix composite fabrication processes are also elaborated. In the present days the aluminium metal matrix composite is in high demand because of its superior properties. Its demand is still on rise because of its widespread use in automotive industries, aerospace industries and marine industries. The method of the fabrication of aluminium matrix-based composite is also a deciding factor for its resultant properties. Desired composite-properties are achievable by proper selection of reinforcing materials as well as the physical conditions. Various sections of current information compile the details about the behaviour of alumina particles in aluminium-based matrix for formation of metal matrix composites.
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Pavlov, Akim Vladimirovich, and Konstantin Sakhno. "Basic problems of introducing methods of processing polymer composite materials and maintaining technological processes in marine equipment production." Vestnik of Astrakhan State Technical University. Series: Marine engineering and technologies 2022, no. 2 (May 31, 2022): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24143/2073-1574-2022-2-13-20.
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In the past few years there could be seen an increasing use of polymer composite materials in the marine industry. Polymer composite materials reach 70% in the volume of parts and structures of ships and marine equipment. The most intensive growth in the implementation of composite materials can be observed abroad. The problem of complete or partial absence of domestic original reinforcing fibers and polymer matrices is revealed. The necessity to define the limiting factors for using the polymer composite materials in the shipbuilding industry of the Russian Federation is substantiated. A study of domestic and foreign literature, industry regulations was carried out, in which the deductive methods, analysis and synthesis were used. The ecosystem of organizing the technological process from the polymer composite materials in the production of structures and parts of marine equipment is considered. The specific features of the technological process are listed, and a formula that describes the speed of the infusion process and determines the parameters on which the process depends is given. It has been found that the main documents regulating the use of polymer composite materials in shipbuilding are focused on the production processes in the 1970s. Nowadays, a competitive struggle for the orders and deadlines forces to use computer-aided design systems for creating 3D models of parts and structures in designing complex structures. There have been defined the restraining factors that have a negative impact on the development of technological processes of working up and introducing the polymer composite materials in in the national industry. The results of the study will further serve to form methodological materials and options for designing technological processes for the processing of polymer composite materials in the Russian industry.
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Djelal, Chafika, Mardy Long, Abdelkader Haddi, and Julien Szulc. "Effect of marine environment on the behaviour of concrete structures reinforced by composite materials." Mechanics & Industry 21, no. 4 (2020): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/meca/2020033.
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This study deals with experimental investigations of beam performances in a marine environment. Two kinds of concrete beams, unreinforced and reinforced with carbon plates and carbon rods, are being tested. The first one is stored in a laboratory, the other is exposed to a marine environment located in the north of France. After 12 months, all beams are tested via a four-point bending test in a laboratory. Results obtained have shown that beams stored in marine environment have a better behaviour than those stored in laboratory. It should be noted that no damage has occurred on these beams. However, we observe a significant increase of load of about 32% to 48% causing the first crack observed on the beams stored in marine environment compared to those stored in the laboratory. This means that beams in situ offer increased stiffness and a slight gain of failure loads. This may be due to the development of living organisms (in a marine environment) which acted as additional adhesive and sealing, providing a protection of concrete structures against damage.
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Bolf, Davor, Marko Hadjina, Albert Zamarin, and Tin Matulja. "Methodology for composite materials shrinkage definition for use in shipbuilding and marine technology." Pomorstvo 35, no. 2 (December 22, 2021): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31217/p.35.2.9.
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Deformations of steel material in shipbuilding and marine technology applications as a result of mechanical or temperature influences are a well-known problem. However, in the modern shipbuilding industry, the application of alternative materials, especially composite materials, in the structure and for the equipment of the ship is increasingly represented. Consequently, there is a need to determine the deformation and change of characteristics of such composite materials as a result of various mechanical, and especially temperature influences that cause the so-called shrinkage. The basic composite production process involves connecting the matrix with a catalyst and accelerators that create temperature, then the material shrinks by cooling when it can change its dimensions and characteristics. Also, in order to achieve the best possible mechanical properties, composite materials are specially heated and then cooled according to strictly defined processes and curves. The ability to predict the characteristics and parameters of such deformations is important in the context of the application of composite materials. To define such deformations, different methods are used within individual numerical solvers, whose results can differ significantly from each other. Therefore, the authors in this paper present an established methodology for predicting mechanical and temperature deformations, and modelling of composite materials, based on the analysis of analytical methods and numerical solvers with the aim of defining the most accurate numerical solver. By applying the presented methodology, it is expected to raise the level of accuracy and quality of composite materials production as well as to raise the quality of design solutions and efficiency of production procedures during shipbuilding in particular, but also within different marine technology applications and during the product’s life cycle.
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Hassan, Atizaz, Rafiullah Khan, Numan Khan, Muhammad Aamir, Danil Yurievich Pimenov, and Khaled Giasin. "Effect of Seawater Ageing on Fracture Toughness of Stitched Glass Fiber/Epoxy Laminates for Marine Applications." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9020196.
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Composite materials are used in various industries such as marine, aircraft, automotive, etc. In marine applications, composites are exposed to seawater, which can affect their mechanical properties due to moisture absorption. This work focuses on the durability of composite materials under the short-term effect of seawater ageing. The specimens were prepared from glass fiber/epoxy using a hand lap-up method and stitched in the z-direction with Kevlar fiber. The specimens were submerged in seawater for 24 and 35 days. A significant decrease in maximum load was found as specimen immersion time in seawater increased. The seawater ageing also affected fracture toughness with a reduction of 30% for 24 days immersion and 55% for 35 days. The ageing also caused the swelling of composites due to moisture absorption, which increased the weight of the specimens. Compared to the dry specimens, the weight of the specimen for 24 days increases to 5.2% and 7.89% for 35 days’ seawater ageing. The analysis also showed that due to seawater ageing, the de-bonding rate increased as the number of days increased.
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Sadashiva, M., S. Praveen Kumar, M. K. Yathish, V. T. Satish, MR Srinivasa, and V. Sharanraj. "Experimental investigation of bending characteristics of hybrid composites fabricated by hand layup method." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2089, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2089/1/012033.
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Abstract The extensive applications of hybrid composite materials in the field of transportation and structural domine provide prominent advantages in the order of stiffness, strength even cost. However extend the advantages of hybrid campsites in several field such as aviation and marine even more additional properties should be inculcate in them. During production of such profitable composites poses some problems at time at decompose and processing. It’s better to develop environment friendly and reusable composites, bio hybrid composite materials such of the one. In this paper, focused on development of Eco-friendly hybrid bio composites with the ingredients of drumstick fibers, glass fiber along with polyester resin. This hybrid bio composites subjected to bending test and evaluate the characteristics of bending properties, this research evident that bending characteristics of hybrid composites with longitudinal fiber orientation better than transverse.