Relevant bibliographies by topics / Composite materials C/C

Academic literature on the topic 'Composite materials C/C'

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Published: 22 June 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Composite materials C/C":

1

Okino, Fujio, and Michiya Ota. "Nano-C/C composite materials." TANSO 2006, no. 223 (2006): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.7209/tanso.2006.206.

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Kimura, Shiushichi, and Eiichi Yasuda. "Carbon fiber reinforced carbon composite materials C/C composite." Bulletin of the Japan Institute of Metals 24, no. 5 (1985): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia1962.24.403.

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AWASTHI, SHRIKANT, and JERRY L. WOOD. "C/C Composite Materials for Aircraft Brakes." Advanced Ceramic Materials 3, no. 5 (September 1988): 449–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.1988.tb00254.x.

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Yevtushenko, Aleksander, Michal Kuciej, and Katarzyna Topczewska. "Frictional Heating during Braking of the C/C Composite Disc." Materials 13, no. 12 (June 12, 2020): 2691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13122691.

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An analytical model to determine temperature in a single brake disc of multi-disc system is proposed. The model considers the convective cooling on the lateral surfaces of the disc and structure of composite friction material. Calculations were carried out for a disc made of carbon friction composites material Termar-ADF. The influence of heat transfer with environment, length of bundles with fibers, and concentration of fibers in composite on the temperature of the disc was investigated during single braking with constant deceleration.
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Evdokimov, S. A., S. St Solntsev, G. V. Yermakova, and D. I. Davletchin. "High-temperature protective coating for C–C composite materials." «Aviation Materials and Technologies», no. 3 (2016): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2071-9140-2016-0-3-82-87.

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Zhu, Dong Mei, Hong Na Du, Fa Luo, and Wan Cheng Zhou. "Preparation and Mechanical Properties of C/C-SiC Composites." Materials Science Forum 546-549 (May 2007): 1501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.1501.

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Porous C/C composite with certain porosity prepared by Chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) was chosen as the preforms to develop the C/C-SiC composites through precursor infiltration and pyrolysis(PIP), using PCS (polycarbosilane) as the precursor and divinylbenzene as solvent and cross-linking reagent for PCS. The effect of the infiltration solution with different PCS/DVB ratio on the final density, microstructure, and mechanical properties of composites was investigated and the proper PCS/DVB ratio to prepare the C/C-SiC composites was suggested. The experimental results showed that the final densities and the mechanical properties of the composites were close related to the PCS/DVB ratio. Higher PCS/DVB ratio resulted in higher final density and better mechanical properties, but not the highest PCS/DVB ratio could get the best mechanical properties. The main reason is that too high PCS/DVB ratio will make the infiltration process become difficult and lead to the formation of lots of pores in the final composite, at last lowers the mechanical properties. It is believed that the 50% PCS content is proper to prepare the C/C-SiC composites. The composite from 50% PCS infiltration solution could get the final density of1.696g/cm3, the flexural strength of 171Mpa, and shearing strength of 21.6Mpa, which are the best mechanical results among the obtained materials.
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Kim, Byung-Kook, Dong-Gap Shin, Chang-Lae Kim, Byeong-Choon Goo, and Dae-Eun Kim. "Tribological Characteristics of C/C-SiC-Cu Composite and Al/SiC Composite Materials under Various Contact Conditions." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A 41, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-a.2017.41.1.021.

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Wielage, Bernhard, Daisy Weber, Tobias Müller, and Heike Steger. "Thermo-Mechanical Monitoring of Composite Materials during the Pyrolysis of C/C Composites." Key Engineering Materials 425 (January 2010): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.425.95.

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Conventional mechanical and structural properties allow to describe the complete composite material. They do, however, not describe the reaction during the pyrolysis process. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) is a technique which is used to characterize materials. In particular, the DMTA method is used to observe the viscoelastic nature of polymers. Another interesting application area of the DMTA is the simulation of pyrolysis experiments to obtain carbon/carbon composites (C/C composites). The pyrolysis process of carbon-fibre-reinforced plastics (CFRP) was performed by means of inert gas (Ar, ambient pressure) under a defined time-temperature profile or alternatively approached by short time sweeps in a DMTA. So the temperature dependence of the elastic modulus (E-modulus) and of the internal damping (tan δ) are determined starting from the cured carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic to the transformed C/C composites. The analyses were applied for different matrix resins. The shown method improves the access to usually hidden mechanical and structural properties and requires further investigation of the entire polymerization and pyrolysis processes.
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Krnel, Kristoffer, Zmago Stadler, and Tomaž Kosmač. "The Influence of SiC Nano-Precipitates on the Interface Structure in C/C-SiC Composites." Advances in Science and Technology 50 (October 2006): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.50.46.

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The goal of our research is to develop a carbon-carbon-silicon carbide composite that will unite high fracture toughness of carbon-carbon composite with good oxidation and abrasion resistance and good thermal conductivity of silicon carbide. That can be achieved by the preparation of functionally graded C/C-SiC composites. For the production of C/C-SiC composites with a gradient structure of the ceramic matrix – from a carbon matrix in the core to a SiC matrix on the surface new materials based on C/C composite with SiC nano-particles dispersed in the matrix were produced. Since for the thermo-mechanical properties of such materials, the interface between the carbon fibres and the matrix phase is crucial, we studied the influence of SiC precipitation from the matrix phase on the interface structure and the mechanical properties of C/C-SiC composites. The results show that SiC nano-particels are precipitating around the carbon fibres influencing the interface structure and consequently also the mechanical properties.
10

Wang, Jing, Jun Cong Wei, Chun Mei Wang, and Qing Qing Zhao. "SiO/C Composite Materials for Lithium-Ion Secondary Batteries." Advanced Materials Research 750-752 (August 2013): 1117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.1117.

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The SiO/C composite materials were prepared via a solution route and subsequent thermal treatment. The effects of carbon source on the particle morphology of composite, the graphitization degree of carbon component and the electrochemical performance of the prepared SiO/C composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectrometer and electrochemical charge/discharge tests. The results reveal that the SiO/C composite synthesized with the epoxy resin as carbon source exhibits the higher graphitic degree and higher reversible specific capacity (~690 mAhg-1) and excellent cycling stability.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Composite materials C/C":

1

Goettler, Christoph Michael. "EFFECT OF DENSITY ON FRICTION AND WEAR PERFORMANCE OF CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITE MATERIALS." OpenSIUC, 2020. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2780.

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AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OFChristoph Michael Goettler, for the Master of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering, presented on Nov 6, 2020, at Southern Illinois University Carbondale. TITLE: EFFECT OF DENSITY ON FRICTION AND WEAR PERFORMANCE OF CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITE MATERIALSMAJOR PROFESSOR: Dr. Peter FilipCarbon-carbon (C/C) composite materials exhibit high thermal conductivity, high thermal stability, low density, and high mechanical strength. Due to these properties, C/C composites are ideal for use in high performance braking systems. However, C/C composites are incredibly expensive to manufacture, and thus improving the longevity of these materials is vital. C/C composite materials inherently have a density gradient due to manufacturing limitations. By determining the effect of density on friction and wear performance of C/C composite materials, manufacturers could use that data to alter manufacturing methods to improve the lifespan of C/C composites. In this study, the effect of density on friction and wear performance of C/C composite materials was studied. Friction tests were conducted through use of a universal mechanical tester (UMT) manufactured by Bruker and subsequent analysis was done through use of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and polarized light microscopy. Numerous samples from depths of 0 mm and 5 mm were taken from two C/C composite materials with varying matrices and friction tested at varying conditions to determine friction properties, friction surface characteristics, microstructure just below the friction surface characteristics, friction layer characteristics, and wear characteristics. Density, apparent density, and apparent porosity gradients were also measured to be able to correlate observations to density differences. It was observed that while density does not seem to be the main cause in differences in friction and wear performance of C/C materials at depths of 0 mm and 5 mm, there still existed significant differences in friction performance, wear performance, and post friction test material characteristics when comparing 0 mm samples to 5 mm samples. In conclusion, density was not found to be a significant cause in variations in friction performance. However, friction surface depth was found to have a significant effect on friction performance, wear performance, and the friction surface. Further research is needed to be able to determine the exact cause of the variations in performance at depths of 0 mm and 5 mm. Keywords: carbon-carbon, composite, C/C, density, friction, wear, brake
2

Ozcan, Soydan. "Microstructure-property-performance relationships of c-fiber-reinforced carbon composite friction materials /." Available to subscribers only, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1686179081&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Southern Illinois University Carbondale, 2008.
"Department of Engineering Science." Keywords: Carbon composite, Friction materials, Carbon-fiber reinforcement Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-115). Also available online.
3

Voirin, Thibaut. "Etude du comportement mécanique et de l’endommagement des composites C/C à basses et hautes températures." Thesis, Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSEI008.

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Les matériaux composites Carbone/Carbone sont utilisés dans l’industrie aéronautique ainsi que dans l’aérospatial du fait de leurs excellentes propriétés thermomécaniques, de la température ambiante jusqu’à de très hautes températures (< 3000°C). Cependant l’évolution de ces propriétés à hautes températures est peu connue, notamment sous des sollicitations de type freinage auxquelles ces composites peuvent être soumis pour des applications aéronautiques ou dans les sports mécaniques.L’objectif de ce travail était donc d’étudier le comportement mécanique d’un composite C/C stratifié sous des sollicitations mécaniques pouvant intervenir dans une situation de freinage. Ainsi, la compression et le cisaillement ont été particulièrement étudiés, afin de déterminer l’évolution des mécanismes d’endommagement en fonction de la température sous ces modes de chargement. Afin de mener à bien cette étude, plusieurs aspects expérimentaux ont été abordés, tels que la géométrie et la taille des éprouvettes, de même que les difficultés de mesures liées à la réalisation des essais mécaniques à hautes températures. C’est ainsi que des essais originaux de cisaillement interlaminaire à chaud ont pu être réalisés. Parallèlement à ces essais, la microstructure du matériau a été étudiée in-situ et post-mortem par une analyse multi-échelle (à l’échelle des strates, des torons et au niveau des fibres à l’intérieur des torons). L’évolution des propriétés mécaniques a été mise en relation avec les observations microstructurales pour les différents modes de chargement étudiés (compression « Z », compression « XY » et cisaillement interlaminaire), afin de proposer des scenarii d’endommagement du matériau en fonction de la température. Grâce à cette approche, le rôle majeur des dilatations thermiques différentielles des torons sur le frettage des aiguilletages a pu être mis en évidence pour des températures allant jusqu’à 1500°C. Pour des températures supérieures, des effets de plasticité ont été identifiés
Carbon/Carbon composites are used in aeronautics and space industries for their excellent thermomechanical properties, from room temperature to very high temperatures (up to 3000°C). Nevertheless, these properties and their evolution at elevated temperatures are not known well enough, specifically for braking-like solicitations such as plane braking or motorsport braking.The main objectives of this work was to study the mechanical behavior of this composite under mechanical solicitations that may occur during a braking situation. Thereby, compressive and shear behavior were studied in particular, in order to determine the evolution of the damage mechanisms depending on the temperature for these loading modes. In order to lead this study successfully, various experimental aspects have been approached, such as sample geometry, as well as measurements issues due to the mechanical testing at high temperatures. This is how original mechanical testing of the interlaminar shear behavior have been performed. Concurrently with these tests, the material microstructure has been studied in-situ and post-mortem with a multi-scale approach (at ply level, at yarn level and at fiber level inside the strands). The evolution of the mechanical properties has been linked to the microstructure evolution for the different loading modes (Z-compression, XY-compression and interlaminar shear) in order to propose damage scenario of the material as a function of the temperature. This approach allowed us to understand the major role of the thermal differential dilatations of the yarn on the shrinking of the needles for temperatures up to 1500°C. For temperatures higher than 1500°C, plasticity effects have been identified
4

Tariq, Amna. "Design and implementation of a plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) system for the study of C₆₀-polymer composite thin films and surface fuctionalization effects on C₆₀." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81572.

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This research project aimed at the development of a PECVD process for the deposition of C60-PPPE (plasma polymerized polyethylene) NC thin films. A continuous throughput PECVD system was designed for the co-deposition of a polymer matrix and C60 particles, in effect, yielding composite thin films on 1" quartz and silicon substrates. In this process, the C 60 molecules are sublimated from their solid powder form, transported to the plasma chamber, pre-coated in-flight before being dispersed and co-deposited in the polymeric matrix. The plasma polymerization of ethane in the low pressure, radio frequency (RF) plasma was studied with a mapping of the polymer thin film growth at various deposition times. Percentage coverage of C60 films was studied at several sublimation temperatures ranging from 500-750 °C. Compositional studies of PPPE and C60 films obtained were carried out using FPA-FTIR. The surface morphology and topography of composite films was analyzed using OM and FESEM. Furthermore, samples of C60 deposited in the reactor were analyzed via TEM for possible deagglomeration and nanocoatings.
5

Sen, Gupta Jayant. "Mésodynamique et rupture des composites 3D C/C sous choc : une stratégie numérique dédiée." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133772.

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Le travail est réalisé en collaboration avec le centre d'études de Gramat. Le but est de fournir des outils numériques fiables de prévision de la tenue aux chocs de structures en composites 3D C/C. Pour des sollicitations de quelques microsecondes, une modélisation méso rend bien compte des observations expérimentales. Le traitement numérique d'un tel modèle conduit à des problèmes de taille importante. Nous développons une méthode de sous structuration mixte par interface, itérative, globale en temps et en espace, paramétrée par des directions de recherche qu'il faut optimiser. Les directions de recherche constantes sont peu efficaces. Pour des directions de recherche variables, un algorithme de gradient conjugué est utilisé et optimisé pour réduire le nombre d'itérations. La méthode est validée sur un exemple 1D 1/2. Le cas d'un calcul 3D d'impact plaque/plaque est également traité grâce à l'utilisation du calcul parallèle.
6

Kouri, Jeffrey Victor. "Improved finite element analysis of thick laminated composite plates by the predictor corrector technique and approximation of C[superscript]1 continuity with a new least squares element." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/20762.

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Iqbal, Sardar S. "IMPACT OF HEAT TREATMENT AND OXIDATION OF C/C COMPOSITES ON MICROSTRUCTURE AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/430.

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Carbon-carbon (C/C) composites are notable among engineering materials in aerospace and defense industries possessing excellent specific mechanical, thermal, frictional and wear properties. C/C maintain their properties at temperatures where most of the high end alloys give in, and maintain their dimensional stability at temperatures above 2000 oC. C/C is frequently used in aircraft and automotive industries as brake materials. However, frictional performance is dependent on various parameters: microstructure, fiber type, fiber orientation distribution, fiber/matrix interfacial bond, heat treatment, and oxidation. The present study in dissertation provides an insight into the impact of heat treatment, and oxidation on microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties. The heat treatment (performed at 1800, 2100, 2400 oC in argon) of two-directional (2-D) pitch-fiber with charred resin carbon matrix, and three-directional (3-D) PAN-fiber with CVI carbon matrix influenced microstructure, mechanical and thermal properties. Microstructure characterized by polarized light microscopy (PLM), XRD, and Raman spectroscopy changed with increasing heat treatment temperature. The RL microstructure of 3-D C/C progressively highly organized, whereas ISO microstructure of 2-D C/C's charred resin hardly organized into an ordered structure as evident from Raman spectroscopy and Raman profiling of polished samples. Pitch-fiber organized more than the ISO microstructure of charred resin matrix. On the other, PAN-fiber became more ordered, but was organization was lower than pitch-fiber. Thermal conductivity increased for both (2-D, 3-D C/C) materials in comparison to non-heat treated (NHT) C/Cs. Thermal conductivity of oxidized samples decreased significantly than non-oxidized samples. In-plane thermal conductivity of 3-D C/C was much higher than that of 2-D C/C, and was attributed to the rough laminar (RL) microstructure of carbon matrix and continuous PAN-fiber when compared to the short pitch-fiber in isotropic (ISO) carbon matrix. Mechanical properties (tensile, compressive, shear) deteriorated with increasing heat treatment. However, statistical analysis using ANOVA showed that there was not any significant difference between the NHT and heat treated C/C materials in terms of mechanical strength, modulus, failure strain and fracture energy. The oxidized samples of heat treated (1800/2100/2400 oC) C/C materials (2-D, 3-D) showed an appreciable decrease in mechanical strength and modulus than non-oxidized samples, with progressively heat treated C/C becoming more oxidation resistant than NHT C/C. The study demonstrated a highly inhomogeneous nature of C/C, and sample size is a very important parameter in governing mechanical properties. Since, the slightest change in the dimension of samples could bring about a radically different outcome in terms of mechanical properties, and can hardly be representative of the bulk properties. Therefore, in order to obtain a good estimate of the bulk properties, the sample size must be comparable to the bulk material. The research nonetheless showed the impact of sample size in estimating the mechanical properties of bulk properties, which are highly significant after statistical analysis, and, therefore, it must be taken into account to understand the processing-structure-property-analysis relationships.
8

DUTRA, RITA M. "Estudo da oxidação eletroquímica do etanol em meio acido utilizando os eletrocatalisadores PtSnAuRh/C e PtRuAuRh/C." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2016. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/27126.

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Submitted by Mery Piedad Zamudio Igami (mery@ipen.br) on 2017-03-10T14:01:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 22055.pdf: 3779679 bytes, checksum: 1767805f3b1e9fdf7bf631de29d2a79c (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-10T14:01:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 22055.pdf: 3779679 bytes, checksum: 1767805f3b1e9fdf7bf631de29d2a79c (MD5)
Os eletrocatalisadores quartenários PtSnAuRh/C e PtRuAuRh/C foram preparados nas proporções 50:40:5:5, 60:30:5:5, 70:20:5:5, 80:10:5:5, 90:4:3:3 e para as composições terciárias PtSnAu/C, PtSnRh/C, PtRuAu/C, PtRuRh/C preparados na proporção atômica 50:45:5 com (20% em massa) pelo método da redução por álcool utilizando H2PtCl6.6H2O, RuCl3·xH2O, SnCl2.2H2O, HAuCl4.3H2O e RhCl3.xH2O, como fonte de metais e carbono Vulcan XC72 como suporte e, por último, etileno glicol como agente redutor. Os eletrocatalisadores obtidos foram caracterizados fisicamente por difração de raios-X (DRX), energia dispersiva de raios X (EDX) e microscopia eletrônica de transmissão (MET). As análises por EDX mostraram que as razões atômicas dos diferentes eletrocatalisadores, preparados pelo método da redução por álcool, foram similares às composições nominais de partida indicando que esta metodologia é eficiente para a preparação destes eletrocatalisadores. Em todos os difratogramas para os eletrocatalisadores preparados observa-se um pico largo em aproximadamente 2θ = 25°, o qual é associado ao suporte de carbono e quatro outros picos de difração em aproximadamente 2θ = 40°, 47°, 67° e 82°, que por sua vez são associados aos planos (111), (200), (220) e (311), respectivamente, da estrutura cúbica de face centrada (CFC) de platina. Os resultados de difração de raios X apresentaram tamanhos médios de cristalitos entre 2,0 e 5,2 nm para PtSnAuRh/C, PtSnAu/C, PtSnRh/C e 2,0 a 2,6 nm para PtRuAuRh/C, PtRuAu/C, PtRuRh/C. Os estudos para a oxidação eletroquímica do etanol em meio ácido foram realizados utilizando as técnicas de voltametria cíclica e de cronoamperometria em uma solução 0,5 mol.L-1 H2SO4, + 1,0 mol.L-1 de C2H5OH. As curvas de polarização obtidas na célula a combustível unitária, alimentada diretamente por etanol, estão de acordo com os resultados de voltametria e cronoamperometria constatando o efeito benéfico da adição do ouro e ródio na composição dos eletrocatalisadores.
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP
9

Mtawa, Alexander Nikwanduka. "Influence of geometry and material properties on the optimum performance of the C-shape piezo-composite actuator." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1301.

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Thesis (DTech (Mechanical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008
In recent years, due to rapid advances in technology there has been an increasingly high demand for large displacement and large force, precise positioning, fast response, low power consuming miniature piezoelectric actuators. In certain smart structure applications, the use of curved piezoelectric actuators is necessary. The present work extends the earlier investigations on the C- shape actuator by providing a detailed investigation on the influence of geometric and material properties of the individual layers of the C-shape piezocomposite for its optimal performance as an actuator. Analytical models have. been used to optimize the geometry of the actuator. Experimental and finite element analyses (using general purpose finite element software i.e. CoventerWare and MSC. Marc) have been used for validation. The present work has established that, by maintaining the thickness of the substrate and piezoceramic layers constant; changing the external radius, for example increasing it, the stiffness of the structure decreases and thus yielding large displacement This has a negative effect on the force produced by the actuator. With fixed thickness of the substrate and varying the thickness of the piezoceramic (for fixed external radius) the result is as follows: Increasing the thickness of the piezoceramic layer has the effect of decreasing the displacement while the force increases. With fixed PZT thickness as well as the external radius, varying the substrate thickness has the following effect: As the thickness of the substrate increases the displacement increases reaching a maximum. Subsequent increase in the thickness of the substrate the displacement is reduced. The force continues increasing at least for the ratios up to 1.0, further increase of the substrate, subsequent decrease of force is also noted. In addition to changing the thickness of the substrate, the choice of different material for the substrate has the following effect: For substrate/PZT ratios of up to 0.6. an actuator with substrate material having higher elastic modulus will produce larger displacement while for ratios beyond this ratio the situation is reversed. The causes for this kind of behaviour have been addressed. In all cases both force and displacement are found to be directly proportional to applied voltage.
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Chelaghma, Saber Ayoub. "Fonctionnalisation de composites C/PEKK pour application aérospatiale : caractérisation, modélisation et influence sur les propriétés du composite." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30362.

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La réduction du poids des avions est l'un des grands défis de l'industrie aérospatiale. Afin d'atteindre les objectifs ambitieux en matière de consommation de carburant et de réduction des émissions, des composites renforcés de fibres de carbone, ont été introduits sur le marché. Ces matériaux suscitent un intérêt croissant, néanmoins, ils possèdent une faible conductivité électrique, ne permettant pas de garantir une protection contre la foudre. Pour cette raison, les composites chargés de particules conductrices font l'objet d'activités de recherche en cours. L'objectif est le développement de composites multifonctionnels avec des propriétés électriques accrues. Pour l'heure, la matrice thermoplastique de référence est le PEEK mais ce polymère reste toutefois cher, et sa température d'élaboration élevée. Dans ce but, des matrices thermoplastiques, telles que le PEKK, sont à nouveau étudiées. Entre la matière première et la pièce finale, la matrice thermoplastique subit plusieurs cycles de traitement à haute température (imprégnation, consolidation, procédés d'assemblage) au cours desquelles sa capacité à cristalliser évolue sans cesse. Afin d'évaluer l'impact du procédé et des constituants du composite sur les propriétés du composite, la cristallisation a fait l'objet d'une attention particulière. Deux dispositifs expérimentaux complémentaires ont été utilisés afin de caractériser la cristallisation : une platine chauffante, permettant d'appliquer un cycle thermique et d'observer la cristallisation en microscopie optique ainsi que la calorimétrie différentielle à balayage. L'influence des fibres de carbone et des particules conductrices sur la cinétique de cristallisation a été évaluée. Une diminution des temps de cristallisation a été observée à travers l'augmentation du taux de germination. Les données recueillies ont servi à développer un modèle de cinétique de cristallisation identifié à travers une approche originale en se basant sur des données microscopiques et enthalpiques. Ce modèle permet de prédire les cinétiques de cristallisation des composites à matrice PEKK mais il ne permet pas de rendre compte de la microstructure finale engendrée. Or, cette dernière a un impact non négligeable sur les propriétés mécaniques comme cela a été prouvé à travers des essais de nano-indentation. Pour prévoir la microstructure finale, un modèle basé sur l'approche pixel coloring a été développé. L'influence des fibres de carbone a été introduite à travers la formation d'une phase transcristalline. Une bonne corrélation est constatée entre l'approche analytique, la simulation et les données expérimentales en termes de cinétique de cristallisation. Des caractérisations mécaniques et électriques ont été effectuées afin d'évaluer les performances de ces nouveaux matériaux. Sur les matériaux étudiés, la réponse mécanique n'est pas homogène comme observé sur des essais de traction suivis en stéréo-corrélation. L'étude de la santé matière montre l'existence de défauts, en particulier, à l'échelle de la microstructure. Afin de prendre en compte ces particularités, il est ainsi nécessaire de décrire plus finement la microstructure. Pour cela, la tomographie à rayons X a été utilisée afin de caractériser le composite. Les récents développements de cette technique permettent, en combinaison avec des outils de segmentation, de reconstruire une géométrie représentative du matériau. Cette géométrie est utilisée pour simuler le comportement mécanique ainsi que la cristallisation. Les simulations numériques d'un VER sont capables de prédire les propriétés d'un pli, puis celles du stratifié. Cette modélisation multi-échelle pourrait réduire le nombre et le coût des campagnes expérimentales. Ainsi, déterminer les propriétés de la structure finale en se basant sur des caractérisations et simulations à l'échelle de la microstructure est un enjeu scientifique et industriel stratégique. Ce travail constitue une contribution vers cette approche
Reducing aircraft weight is one of the major challenges facing the aerospace industry. In order to achieve the ambitious goals of fuel consumption and emission reduction, carbon-fiber reinforced composites have been introduced to the market. These materials are attracting increasing interest, however, they have low electrical conductivity to ensure protection against lightning strike. For this reason, composites filled with conductive particles are the subject of ongoing research activities. The objective is the development of multifunctional composites with enhanced electrical properties. Actually, the most used thermoplastic matrix is PEEK, but this polymer remains expensive, and its processing temperature is high. For this purpose, thermoplastic matrices, such as PEKK, are again studied. Between the raw material and the final part, the thermoplastic matrix undergoes several thermal steps with high temperature exposure (impregnation, consolidation, forming and assembly processes) during which its ability to crystallize evolves continuously. In order to evaluate the impact of the process and the composite constituents on its properties, crystallization has been the subject of particular attention. Two complementary experimental devices were used to characterize the crystallization. The heating stage, allows to apply a thermal cycle and observe the crystallization in optical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. The influence of carbon fibers and conductive fillers on the crystallization kinetics was evaluated. A decrease in crystallization times was observed through the increase of the nucleation rate. The collected data were used to develop a kinetic model identified through an original approach based on microscopic data. This model makes it possible to predict the crystallization kinetics of PEKK composites. Nevertheless, it does not make it possible to predict the final microstructure. However, the microstructure has a significant impact on mechanical properties as it has been proven through nano-indentation tests. To predict the final microstructure, a model based on the pixel coloring approach has been developed. The influence of carbon fibers has been introduced through the formation of a transcrystalline phase. A good correlation is found between the analytical approach, the simulation and the experimental data in terms of crystallization kinetics. Mechanical and electrical characterizations were performed to evaluate the performance of these new materials. On the studied materials, the mechanical response is not homogeneous as observed on tensile tests followed in stereo-correlation. The study of matter health shows the existence of defects, in particular, at the microstructure level. In order to take this particularity into account, it is thus necessary to describe the microstructure more finely. For this, X-ray tomography was used to characterize the composite. Recent developments in this technique allow, in combination with segmentation tools, to reconstruct a representative geometry of the material. This geometry is used to simulate the mechanical behaviour as well as the crystallization. The numerical simulations of an RVE are able to calculate the properties of a ply, then those of a laminate. This multi-scale modelling could reduce the number and cost of experimental campaigns. Thus, determining the properties of the final structure based on characterizations and simulation at the microstructure scale is a strategic scientific and industrial issue. This work is a contribution towards this approach
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Books on the topic "Composite materials C/C":

1

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. A thermally modified matrix composite material with structural integrity to 371 C. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1988.

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Minnetyan, Levon. The C(T) specimen in laminated composites testing. Cleveland, Ohio: Lewis Research Center, 1996.

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Sliney, Harold E. PM200, PS200: Self-lubricating bearing and seal materials for applications to 900 C. Cleveland, Ohio: Materials Division, NASA Lewis Research Center, 1991.

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Sliney, Harold E. PM200, PS200: Self-lubricating bearing and seal materials for applications to 900 C. Cleveland, Ohio: Materials Division, NASA Lewis Research Center, 1991.

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Sliney, Harold E. PM200, PS200: Self-lubricating bearing and seal materials for applications to 900 C□. Cleveland, Ohio: Materials Division, NASA Lewis Research Center, 1991.

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F, Lung S., Gupta K. K, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division., eds. A three-node C ̊element for analysis of laminated composite sandwich shells. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1989.

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F, Lung S., Gupta K. K, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Scientific and Technical Information Division., eds. A three-node C ̊element for analysis of laminated composite sandwich shells. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1989.

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Stephens, Joseph R. Intermetallic and ceramic matrix composites for 815 to 1370 C (1500 to 2500 F) gas turbine engine applications. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1989.

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DellaCorte, Christopher. Experimentally determined wear behavior of an Al2O3-SiC composite from 25 to 1200 ̊C. [Washington, D.C.]: NASA, 1990.

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DellaCorte, Christopher. Experimentally determined wear behavior of an Al2O3-SiC composite from 25 to 1200 ̊C. [Washington, D.C.]: NASA, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Composite materials C/C":

1

Kumar, Suresh, K. Chandra Shekar, B. Jana, L. M. Manocha, and N. Eswara Prasad. "C/C and C/SiC Composites for Aerospace Applications." In Aerospace Materials and Material Technologies, 343–69. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2134-3_15.

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Hou, Jun Tao, Sheng Ru Qiao, Guo Feng Lu, Cheng Yu Zhang, and Yue Bing Zhang. "Internal Friction of a 2D-C/SiC Composite from 25°C to 400°C." In Key Engineering Materials, 1509–12. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-456-1.1509.

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Ji, Yong Bing, Tie Hu Li, Qi Lang Lin, Chan Ging Fang, and Xiao Xian Wang. "Preparation of Mesophase Pitch from Coal Tar Pitch for C/C Composites." In Advances in Composite Materials and Structures, 165–68. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-427-8.165.

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Li, Jian Zhang, Jun Zhang, Li Tong Zhang, Lai Fei Cheng, and Yong Dong Xu. "Oxidation Behavior of Carbon Phase in 3D C/SiC Composites." In Composite Materials V, 43–47. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-451-0.43.

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Favre, A., T. Birkel, and H. Fuzellier. "Reaction between Liquid Al (or Si) and Composite C/C Materials." In High Temperature Ceramic Matrix Composites, 334–40. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527605622.ch53.

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Lai, Zhong Hong, Jae Ho Jeon, Jing Chuan Zhu, and Zhong Da Yin. "Mo-Si-C-N Multi-Layer Anti-Oxidation Coating on C/C Composites." In Key Engineering Materials, 1899–902. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-456-1.1899.

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Zhu, Dong Mei, Hong Na Du, Fa Luo, and Wan Cheng Zhou. "Preparation and Mechanical Properties of C/C-SiC Composites." In Materials Science Forum, 1501–4. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-432-4.1501.

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Zhang, Fu Kuan, Yi Dong Yuan, and Wan Cheng Zhou. "Research on Tribology of C/C Composites in Wet Conditions." In Materials Science Forum, 1105–8. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-960-1.1105.

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Zhu, Yun Zhou, Ming Yuan, Zheng Ren Huang, Shao Ming Dong, and Dong Liang Jiang. "Effect of PCS Pyrolysis Process on C Fiber in Cf/SiC Composite." In Key Engineering Materials, 1284–86. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-410-3.1284.

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Tsuji, Nobumasa, Taiju Shibata, Junya Sumita, Masahiro Ishihara, and Tatsuo Iyoku. "Study on Structural Integrity of C/C Composite Using as Core Restraint Mechanism in HTGR." In Key Engineering Materials, 2720–26. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-978-4.2720.

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Conference papers on the topic "Composite materials C/C":

1

MADENCI, ERDOGAN, ATILA BARUT, AMIN YAGHOOBI, ZHIYANG YAO, and YILE HU. "PERIDYNAMICS FOR MICROSTRUCTURAL DAMAGE MODELING OF 3D CARBON/CARBON (C/C) COMPOSITE MATERIALS." In Proceedings for the American Society for Composites-Thirty Eighth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc38/36652.

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This study presents a peridynamic model to investigate damage initiation in complex 3D C/C microstructures for optimal design and fabrication. The peridynamic theory unifies the mechanics of continuous and discontinuous media. It is a continuum approach without spatial derivatives, thus without mathematical singularities. It restores nonlocal interactions and introduces an internal length parameter (horizon of a point) which links different length scales. Because of these features, it enables autonomous multiple damage initiation sites and their complex interactions at unspecified locations along unguided paths. The numerical results concern damage initiation and growth in a complex 3D C/C microstructure. A repeating representative volume element (RVE) composed of yarns and surrounding matrix is constructed according to the periodic architecture of the 3D woven C/C composites. The analysis is conducted through a mixed implicit-explicit algorithm with GPU parallel computing. The strength properties of the constituents are used to determine the critical stretch for damage initiation and growth in the microstructure. The isolated initial micro cracks start merging as the load increases. Subsequently, the crack front reaches to the surface of a nearby fiber. However, the micro-crack cannot pass through that fiber directly. Instead, it deflects along the fiber direction and starts climbing up around the fiber lateral surface.ERDOGAN MADENCI
2

Takegoshi, Masao, Fumiei Ono, Shuichi Ueda, Toshihito Saito, and Osamu Hayasaka. "Evaluation of Metallic-tube-cooled C/C Composite Structure by Rocket Combustor." In 48th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-2357.

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Yasuda, Eiichi, Yasuhiro Tanabe, and Shiushichi Kimura. "Microstructural Control and the Properties of C/C Composites." In ASME 1992 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/92-gt-435.

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A Carbon/Carbon composite (C/C composite) consists of reinforced fibers, matrices and interfaces. Each of them plays an important role to dominate the properties of the C/C composite. Matrix microstructure of a C/C composite can be changed during its preparation, i.e., by its preparation condition. In this paper, we discuss methods for changing matrix microstructure of a C/C composite and the dependency on its properties: Young’s modulus, strength and thermal conductivity. The matrix microstructure depends primarily on the initial raw material (precursor) of the matrix. Secondary, it depends on the heat-treatment temperature. It also can be controlled by addition of fine powders and surface-treatment on fibers. All the properties measured strongly depend on the matrix microstructure of the C/C composite. To make a tailored C/C composite, it is necessary to control the matrix microstructure precisely.
4

Nikravan, A., H. R. Baharvandi, F. B. Jebelli, H. Abdizadeh, and N. Ehsani. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of pressureless sintered B 4 C-C composite using phenolic resin." In International Conference on Smart Materials and Nanotechnology in Engineering. SPIE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.780337.

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WANG, De-Wen, Yue-Cheng YANG, Bai-Lin ZHA, and Yu HU. "Study on C/C Composites Ablated in Plasma jet." In 2012 International Conference on Automobile and Traffic Science, Materials, Metallurgy Engineering (MMAT-12). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mmat.2013.42.

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Dillingham, R., B. Campbell, and E. Kidd. "How Advanced Composite Materials Respond to Surface Treatment." In CAMX 2019. NA SAMPE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33599/nasampe/c.19.0727.

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Leanos, Alma L., and Pavana Prabhakar. "A Novel Computational Framework for the Oxidation of C/C Composites Under Thermal Shock." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-51873.

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In this paper, the influence of thermal shock conditions on both, the extent of carbon materials decomposition and the through-thickness compressive stiffness degradation of 2D woven C/C composites is predicted by computational efforts and validated against experimental results. The proposed computational framework consists of two main steps: a) A radiation heat transfer analysis on a meso-scale C/C composite model exposed to thermal shock conditions accounting for the heat flux in the form of gas due to carbon material decomposition within the meso-scale model; b) A stress analysis to model the carbon stiffness degradation due to oxidation observed in the previous step. This is followed by a through-thickness compressive analysis on the meso-scale model to determine its compressive stiffness. The predicted oxidation behavior and compressive responses of the meso-scale model under various thermal shock conditions are compared with previously published experimental results, resulting in good agreement. In conclusion, the proposed computational framework can be used to aid in the design of C/C composites and protection systems. This computational model has the potential of extension to other C/C composites by changing the fiber architecture, weave pattern and/or fiber volume fraction.
8

Sato, Masaki, Shin-ichi Moriya, Masahiro Sato, Makoto Tadano, Kazuo Kusaka, Keiichi Hasegawa, Akinaga Kumakawa, et al. "Combustion Gas Heating Tests of C∕C Composites Coated with SiC Layer." In MULTISCALE AND FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIALS 2006. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2896908.

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Fukushima, Noriyuki, Takenori Gomi, Samon Tanaka, and Jun-ichi Matsushita. "Thermoelectric properties of SiB6-C composites." In Smart Materials and MEMS, edited by Alan R. Wilson and Hiroshi Asanuma. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.424428.

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BECKERMAN, L., T. GREENE, and T. CHRISTIAN, JR. "Thermoplastic composite C-130 belly skins - Design, manufacturing, and test." In 28th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-798.

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Reports on the topic "Composite materials C/C":

1

Hahn, Gail L. Accelerated Insertion of Materials - Composites (AIM-C) Methodology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada511880.

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Orient, George, and Gail L. Hahn. Accelerated Insertion of Materials - Composites (AIM-C). Software Component Delivery Requirements. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada511881.

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Lease and Jones. PR-266-12213-R01 Minimizing Gas Compressor Lubricating Oil Consumption. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010085.

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One of the main sources of fouling in pipelines is related to the use of lubrication (and possibly over-lubrication) in reciprocating compressors. In addition to the obvious cost of lubricants, there are also many hidden costs associated with reciprocating compressor lubrication. Some of these hidden costs include disposal of collected oil, gas storage field contamination, scrubber cleaning, and loss of general pipeline efficiency. Minimizing reciprocating gas compressor lubrication oil consumption can address these costs while at the same time reducing the negative environmental impact associated with reciprocating compressor over-lubrication. One approach to minimize reciprocating compressor lubrication oil consumption is to use non-lubricated reciprocating compressor trim (e.g. filled PTFE composites). This report provides an in-depth evaluation of a wear test program performed on a variety of filled PTFE materials in air and a natural gas environment. This evaluation included comparison of this data to results provided in the open literature. One specific reference used as a comparison performed a comprehensive wear testing program on filled PTFE materials in a variety of gases (including methane) for a variety of dew points. Parameters evaluated in this study included the effect of dew point ranging from +0� C to -100� C, and the effect of various gas environment, including air, methane, propane, ethylene, and nitrogen.
4

Bryant, C. A., S. A. Wilks, and C. W. Keevil. Survival of SARS-CoV-2 on the surfaces of food and food packaging materials. Food Standards Agency, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.kww583.

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COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, was first reported in China in December 2019. The virus has spread rapidly around the world and is currently responsible for 500 million reported cases and over 6.4 million deaths. A risk assessment published by the Foods Standards Agency (FSA) in 2020 (Opens in a new window) concluded that it was very unlikely that you could catch coronavirus via food. This assessment included the worst-case assumption that, if food became contaminated during production, no significant inactivation of virus would occur before consumption. However, the rate of inactivation of virus on products sold at various temperatures was identified as a key uncertainty, because if inactivation does occur more rapidly in some situations, then a lower risk may be more appropriate. This project was commissioned to measure the rate of inactivation of virus on the surface of various types of food and food packaging, reducing that uncertainty. The results will be used to consider whether the assumption currently made in the risk assessment remains appropriate for food kept at a range of temperatures, or whether a lower risk is more appropriate for some. We conducted a laboratory-based study, artificially contaminating infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus onto the surfaces of foods and food packaging. We measured how the amount of infectious virus present on those surfaces declined over time, at a range of temperatures and relative humidity levels, reflecting typical storage conditions. We tested broccoli, peppers, apple, raspberry, cheddar cheese, sliced ham, olives, brine from the olives, white and brown bread crusts, croissants and pain au chocolat. The foods tested were selected as they are commonly sold loose on supermarket shelves or uncovered at deli counters or market stalls, they may be difficult to wash, and they are often consumed without any further processing i.e. cooking. The food packaging materials tested were polyethylene terephthalate (PET1) trays and bottles; aluminium cans and composite drinks cartons. These were selected as they are the most commonly used food packaging materials or consumption of the product may involve direct mouth contact with the packaging. Results showed that virus survival varied depending on the foods and food packaging examined. In several cases, infectious virus was detected for several hours and in some cases for several days, under some conditions tested. For a highly infectious agent such as SARS-CoV-2, which is thought to be transmissible by touching contaminated surfaces and then the face, this confirmation is significant. For most foods tested there was a significant drop in levels of virus contamination over the first 24 hours. However, for cheddar cheese and sliced ham, stored in refrigerated conditions and a range of relative humidity, the virus levels remained high up to a week later, when the testing period was stopped. Both cheddar cheese and sliced ham have high moisture, protein and saturated fat content, possibly offering protection to the virus. When apples and olives were tested, the virus was inactivated to the limit of detection very quickly, within an hour, when the first time point was measured. We suggest that chemicals, such as flavonoids, present in the skin of apples and olives inactivate the virus. The rate of viral decrease was rapid, within a few hours, for croissants and pain au chocolat. These pastries are both coated with a liquid egg wash, which may have an inhibitory effect on the virus. Food packaging materials tested had variable virus survival. For all food packaging, there was a significant drop in levels of virus contamination over the first 24 hours, in all relative humidity conditions and at both 6°C and 21°C; these included PET1 bottles and trays, aluminium cans and composite drinks cartons.
5

Dinh, L., and A. Saab. Isopiestic Kinetics of Powdered Pd/C/DPB Composite. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/956851.

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Dinh, L., R. Meulenberg, and A. Saab. Isopiestic Kinetics of Pd/C/DPB Composite: Temperature Dependence. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/956833.

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Litaor, Iggy, James Ippolito, Iris Zohar, and Michael Massey. Phosphorus capture recycling and utilization for sustainable agriculture using Al/organic composite water treatment residuals. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600037.bard.

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Abstract:
Objectives: 1) develop a thorough understanding of the sorption mechanisms of Pi and Po onto the Al/O- WTR; 2) determine the breakthrough range of the composite Al/O-WTR during P capturing from agro- wastewaters; and 3) critically evaluate the performance of the composite Al/O-WTR as a fertilizer using selected plants grown in lysimeters and test-field studies. Instead of lysimeters we used pots (Israel) and one- liter cone-tainers (USA). We conducted one field study but in spite of major pretreatments the soils still exhibited high enough P from previous experiments so no differences between control and P additions were noticeable. Due to time constrains the field study was discontinued. Background: Phosphorous, a non-renewable resource, has been applied extensively in fields to increase crop yield, yet consequently has increased the potential of waterway eutrophication. Our proposal impetus is the need to develop an innovative method of P capturing, recycling and reuse that will sustain agricultural productivity while concurrently reducing the level of P discharge from and to agricultural settings. Major Conclusions & Achievements: An innovative approach was developed for P removal from soil leachate, dairy wastewater (Israel), and swine effluents (USA) using Al-based water treatment residuals (Al- WTR) to create an organic-Al-WTR composite (Al/O-WTR), potentially capable of serving as a P fertilizer source. The Al-WTR removed 95% inorganic-P, 80% to 99.9% organic P, and over 60% dissolved organic carbon from the agro-industrial waste streams. Organic C accumulation on particles surfaces possibly enhanced weak P bonding and facilitated P desorption. Analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDS), indicated that P was sparsely sorbed on both calcic and Al (hydr)oxide surfaces. Sorption of P onto WW-Al/O-WTR was reversible due to weak Ca-P and Al-P bonds induced by the slight alkaline nature and in the presence of organic moieties. Synchrotron-based microfocused X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometry, bulk P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and P K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy indicated that adsorption was the primary P retention mechanism in the Al- WTR materials. However, distinct apatite- or octocalciumphosphatelike P grains were also observed. Synchrotron micro-XRF mapping further suggested that exposure of the aggregate exteriors to wastewater caused P to diffuse into the porous Al-WTR aggregates. Organic P species were not explicitly identified via P K-edge XANES despite high organic matter content, suggesting that organic P may have been predominantly associated with mineral surfaces. In screen houses experiments (Israel) we showed that the highest additions of Al/O-WTR (5 and 7 g kg⁻¹) produced the highest lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolial) yield. Lettuce yield and P concentration were similar across treatments, indicating that Al/O- WTR can provide sufficient P to perform similarly to common fertilizers. A greenhouse study (USA) was utilized to compare increasing rates of swine wastewater derived Al/O-WTR and inorganic P fertilizer (both applied at 33.6, 67.3, and 134.5 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) to supply plant-available P to spring wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) in either sandy loam or sandy clay loam soil. Spring wheat straw and grain P uptake were comparable across all treatments in the sandy loam, while Al/O-WTR application to the sandy clay loam reduced straw and grain P uptake. The Al/O-WTR did not affect soil organic P concentrations, but did increase phosphatase activity in both soils; this suggests that Al/O-WTR application stimulated microorganisms and enhance the extent to which microbial communities can mineralize Al/O-WTR-bound organic P. Implications: Overall, results suggest that creating a new P fertilizer from Al-WTR and agro-industrial waste sources may be a feasible alternative to mining inorganic P fertilizer sources, while protecting the environment from unnecessary waste disposal.
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Tartakovsky, G., C. Farrow, J. McDonald, P. Allena, and William Nichols. Vadose Zone Model for C-9 Pond Area for Composite Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1668064.

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Hunten, Keith, Jon Judd, Ted Goosen, Floyd Ganus, Dennis Biddle, Glen Ziolko, Larry Karns, and Sonja Baluch. PDES Application Protocol Suite for Composite (PAS-C). Functional Needs/State-Of-The-Art Comparison for the PAS-C Program. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada258613.

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Uenal, O. Tensile and fatigue behavior of a SiC/SiC composite at 1,300 C. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/238543.

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