Journal articles on the topic 'Composite beam'
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1
Zhao, Wei Jian, Jia Xin Tong, Shen Ming Yuan, and Ye Nan Guo. "Research Progress on Reinforced Concrete Composite Beam in China." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 939–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.939.
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Reinforced concrete composite beam plays a very important role in the precast concrete structure, composite beam research is critical. Based on the research results about it in China, on the one hand, from the traditional composite beams to the improved ones, the various kinds of composite beams were concluded; on the other hand, the applications of new building materials in the composite beams had been included, which included fiber reinforced cement-based composites, steel fiber reinforced concrete, reactive powder concrete and crumb rubber concrete. Through to the both related tests and theoretical studies, the progress of the composite beams was summarized. Finally, the further research was prospected.
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Endriatno, Nanang. "Experimental Investigation on Vibration Responses of Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic." International Journal of Engineering and Computer Science 10, no. 4 (April 26, 2021): 25316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijecs/v10i4.4575.
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the vibration displacement on fiberglass reinforced plastic beams with variations a number of fibers in the resin matrix. Composite beams was made of fiberglass and polyester resin matrix with a number of fiberglass: 0, 24, and 48. Composite beams was manufactured by hand lay-up method with the unidirectional fiber orientation. The composite beams used have the dimension of length: 500 mm, height: 20 mm, and width: 20 mm. During the experimental test, the beam was vibrated using an exciter motor which was placed at the end of the cantilever support then using a vibration meter, the vibration displacement data (mm) was measured by placing the vibration transducer postions : 50 mm, 250 mm, and 450 mm from the cantilever support. During the vibration test, the vibration displacement data on the vibration meter screen were recorded using a camera recorder and the data was taken 6 times at each of measurement points. The experimental and analysis results show that the value of vibration displacement (mm) decreases when the fiberglass is added to the composite beam, or in other words, the addition of fiberglass provides an increase in the ability of the beam to withstand vibrations. The maximum vibration displacement value on composites with 0 fiberglass: 0.641 mm, then the vibration displacement decreased in composites with 24 fiberglass: 0.506 mm and the lowest displacement value for the composites with 48 fiberglass: 0.395 mm. Whereas for 3 measurement points at positions 5 cm, 25 cm, and 45 cm along the beam for three kind of the composites, the maximum value of vibration displacement value was obtained at the end of beam composites or at 45 cm from cantilever support: 0.735 mm on composite beam with 0 fiberglass and minimum at position 5 cm near the cantilever support with the value of vibration displacement: 0.323 mm on composite beam with 48 fiberglass.
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Du, Huanhuan, Jianyou Pan, Huaxun Shen, and Jie Dong. "Numerical Analysis of Flexural Behavior of Prestressed Steel-Concrete Continuous Composite Beams Based on BP Neural Network." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (May 10, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5501610.
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Prestressed steel-concrete continuous composite beam (PCCB) is a kind of beam, which makes reinforced concrete slab and steel beam bear load and coordinate deformation through connectors such as studs. Prestressed steel-concrete continuous composite beam is a kind of transverse load-bearing composite member formed by prestressed technology on the basis of ordinary composite beam. Aiming at the flexural behavior of prestressed steel-concrete continuous composite beams, a three-dimensional finite element numerical analysis model is established, and the whole process of the test is simulated based on BP neural network. The calculated results are in good agreement with the test. Using this model, the mechanical deformation performance of prestressed steel-concrete continuous composite beam is further analyzed, and the effects of some parameters (steel beam strength grade, concrete strength grade, concrete slab thickness, and transverse reinforcement ratio) on the flexural performance of prestressed steel-concrete continuous composite beam are discussed, which provides a reference basis for engineering design.
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Lyu, Yu-Ting, Tsung-Pin Hung, Her-Chang Ay, Hsiu-An Tsai, and Yih-Cherng Chiang. "Evaluation of Laminated Composite Beam Theory Accuracy." Materials 15, no. 19 (October 6, 2022): 6941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196941.
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Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) has been widely implemented in electric vehicle bodies and aircraft fuselage structures. The purpose of CFRP is to reduce the weight and impart rigidity in the final product. A beam structure is typically used to bear the structural load, and the rigidity of the beam can be changed by arranging the laminated fibers at different angles. In this study, a composite I-beam is used as an example in engineering components. Because the theoretical model of the superimposed composite I-beam is established, the theoretical formula is based on the theoretical assumptions of the two-dimensional composite beam, and is combined with the traditional composite plate theory to analyze the maximum bending stress, strain, and deflection. During the theoretical derivation, it is assumed that the flanges of the I-beams are divided into narrow and wide flanges. The beams are considered as structures of beams and flatbeds. When a narrow flange is loaded in the side, the wide flange has no lateral deformation, and the lateral moments are neglected. Therefore, the accuracy of this formula needs to be verified. The purpose of this study is to verify the accuracy of theoretical solutions for the deflection and stress analysis of composite beams. A finite element analysis model is used as the basis for comparing the theoretical solutions. The results indicate that when the aspect ratio of the beam is >15, the theoretical solution will have better accuracy. Without the addition of the material, when 0° ply is placed on the outermost layer of the flange of the nonsymmetric beam, the effective rigidity of the beam is increased by 4–5% compared with the symmetrical beam. The accuracy range of the theoretical solution for the composite beams can be accurately defined based on the results of this study.
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Gupta, Amit Kumar, R. Velmurugan, and Makarand Joshi. "Comparative Study of Damping in Pristine, Steel, and Shape Memory Alloy Hybrid Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic Composite Beams of Equivalent Stiffness." Defence Science Journal 68, no. 1 (December 18, 2017): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.68.11793.
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<p class="p1">Several efforts were made over the years to control vibration of structural components made of composite materials. This paper consists of study on effect of using shape memory alloy (SMA) to increase the damping of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites. A comparative study between SMA and steel was made as reinforcement material in GFRP composites to enhance damping. Dimensions of each beam were calculated such that all the beams i.e. pristine GFRP beam, GFRP beam embedded with steel wires and GFRP beam embedded with SMA wires have same flexural stiffness and first mode of frequency of vibration. Damping ratio was measured experimentally through logarithmic decay method. Through experiments damping ratio obtained for SMA hybrid composite beam was found to be higher as compared to the pristine and steel hybrid GFRP composite beams.</p><p class="Text"><span> </span></p>
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Bauchau, O. A., and C. H. Hong. "Nonlinear Composite Beam Theory." Journal of Applied Mechanics 55, no. 1 (March 1, 1988): 156–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3173622.
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The modeling of naturally curved and twisted beams undergoing arbitrarily large displacements and rotations, but small strains, is a common problem in numerous engineering applications. This paper has three goals: (1) present a new formulation of this problem which includes transverse shearing deformations, torsional warping effects, and elastic couplings resulting from the use of composite materials, (2) show that the small strain assumption must be applied in a consistent fashion for composite beams, and (3) present some numerical results based on this new formulation to assess its accuracy, and to point out some distinguishing feature of anisotropic beam behavior. First, the predictions of the formulation will be compared with experimental results for the large deflections and rotations of an aluminum beam. Then, the distinguishing features of composite beams that are likely to impact the design of rotating blades (such as helicopter blades) will be discussed. A first type of extension-twisting coupling introduced by the warping behavior of a pretwisted beam is discussed, then, a shearing strain squared term, usually neglected in small strain analyses, is shown to introduce a coupling between axial extension and twisting behavior, that can be significant when the ratio E/G is large (E and G are Young’s and shearing moduli of the beam, respectively). Finally, the impact of inplane shearing modulus changes and torsional warping constraints on the behavior of beams exhibiting elastic couplings is investigated.
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Duan, Shaowei, Wenzhao Zhou, Xinglong Liu, Jian Yuan, and Zhifeng Wang. "Experimental Study on the Bending Behavior of Steel-Wood Composite Beams." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (June 26, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1315849.
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This paper proposes a steel-wood composite beam with H-shaped steel beam webs glued to the wood. As a new type of composite beam, it combines the advantages of low energy consumption of wood, high permeability, and less pollution and the advantages of light weight and high strength of steel, high degree of assembly, short construction period, and less construction waste generated. Carrying out research is of great significance to improve the mechanical properties of steel-wood composite beams and promote the development of steel-wood composite structures. In this paper, three hot-rolled H-beam-larch composite beams and one pure steel beam were tested for bending capacity. The composite beams are divided into two different combinations of A and B types. The two sides of the web are connected with larch wood by structural glue to form a composite beam. The type B composite beam is a larch wood glued on both sides of the H-shaped steel web and penetrates the bolts at the same time. Through the three-point monotonic static grading loading of the composite beam, the deflection change, failure phenomenon, and form of the specimen during the experiment were observed. Under the circumstances, the ultimate bearing capacity of the test piece was changed to study the combined effect of larch and hot-rolled H-shaped steel. The results show that the overall performance of the H-shaped steel-larch composite beam is good. Bonding wooden boards on both sides of the steel beam web can improve the bearing capacity, and the form of the member is more reasonable and effective; increasing the cross-sectional size of the H-beam in the steel-wood composite beam can further improve the bearing capacity of the composite beam; adding bolt anchorage on the basis of the structural glue used in the composite beam can further improve the bearing capacity of the composite beam. The superposition principle is used to simplify the calculation of the ultimate bearing capacity of H-shaped steel-larch composite beams. Comparing the calculation results with the test results, the data are in good agreement, which can provide a design reference for the practical application of such composite beams.
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Song, Xingyu, Yan Liu, Xiaodong Fu, Hongwei Ma, and Xiaolun Hu. "Experimental Study on Flexural Behaviour of Prestressed Specified Density Concrete Composite Beams." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 8, 2022): 14727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214727.
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To solve the problem of poor seismic resistance due to the disadvantages of traditional concrete composite beams, such as heavy self-weight in prefabricated buildings, prestressed specified-density concrete composite beams are proposed herein. First, a mix ratio test of specified-density concrete was performed. Second, five prestressed specified-density composite beams, a prestressed ordinary concrete composite beam, and a prestressed semi lightweight concrete cast-in-situ beam were tested. The influence of the precast concrete height, reinforcement ratio, and concrete materials on the failure mechanism, flexural bearing capacity, and short-term stiffness of the composite beams were analysed. From the results, the specified-density concrete composite beams and the ordinary composite beam had similar ultimate bearing capacities, but the average distance between crack spacings of the former was smaller. The precast concrete height affected the bending performance of the prestressed specified density concrete composite beam insignificantly, but the maximum ultimate bearing capacity of the composite beam could be increased by 35.6% by increasing the reinforcement ratio. The composite beam and the cast-in-place beam exhibited similar load-carrying capabilities and deformation properties. The average crack spacing, cracking load, and ultimate load value of the specified density concrete composite beams calculated according to the China national standard “Code for design of concrete structures” were consistent with the measured values.
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Al-Thabhawee, Hayder Wafi. "Experimental investigation of composite steel–concrete beams using symmetrical and asymmetrical castellated beams." Curved and Layered Structures 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cls-2022-0019.
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Abstract This study aims to investigate the behavior of concrete slabs acting compositely with symmetrical and asymmetrical castellated beams. Stud connectors are used to connect the concrete slab and steel section. The use of castellated steel beams to build up composite steel-concrete beams is now common practice in building construction. Five simply supported composite beams were examined under two-point loading. Two specimens built up from standard steel beams were used as control specimens and three specimens were built up from castellated steel beams. One of these specimens was built up using a castellated steel beam with an asymmetrical cross-section fabricated from two different standard sections (IPE120/HEA120). The concrete slab of all composite specimens had the same dimensions and properties. The experimental results showed that strength and rigidity were considerably greater for composite castellated steel beams compared to composite beams built up from the parent sections. The ultimate load capacity of a composite castellated beam fabricated from an IPE120 section was 46% greater than that of a composite beam built up using the parent beam, and the ultimate load capacity of a composite castellated beam fabricated from a wide-flanged HEA120 section resulted in an increase of 21% over the parent beam control specimen. The ultimate load capacity of the composite specimen built up using the asymmetrical castellated beam (IPE120/HEA120) achieved increases of 69% and 12%, respectively, compared to the control specimens built up from standard sections.
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R, Manimaran. "Composite Delta Beam for Slim Floor Construction." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 3 (March 31, 2024): 382–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.58811.
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Abstract: The structural behaviour of the composite Flush Beam for slim floor as a whole has been investigated. The deformation behaviour of the structural members Steel beams with trapezoidal cross-sections and specially punched webs were developed as composite beams in slim floors. The estimation of the flexural stiffness and bending capacity of composite slim beams is rather complicated, because the influence of many factors should be taken into account. These factors include variable section dimensions, Profile of the beam, stiffness of the beam and interaction between steel and concrete. In this paper, analytical investigations have been conducted to investigate the deflection behaviour of Flush beam specimens under monotonic loading. A design procedure is developed for composite slim floor Flush beams based on cross-sectional analysis and the flexural properties of the slim floor beams are evaluated. From the analytical investigation it was found that the deflection of delta beam is 48% less than the conventional I-beam More over the stiffness of the Delta beam is 49.8% higher than the I-beam
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Ibrahim, Teghreed H., and Abbas A. Allawi. "The Response of Reinforced Concrete Composite Beams Reinforced with Pultruded GFRP to Repeated Loads." Journal of Engineering 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 158–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2023.01.10.
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This paper investigates the experimental response of composite reinforced concrete with GFRP and steel I-sections under limited cycles of repeated load. The practical work included testing four beams. A reference beam, two composite beams with pultruded GFRP I-sections, and a composite beam with a steel I-beam were subjected to repeated loading. The repeated loading test started by loading gradually up to a maximum of 75% of the ultimate static failure load for five loading and unloading cycles. After that, the specimens were reloaded gradually until failure. All test specimens were tested under a three-point load. Experimental results showed that the ductility index increased for the composite beams relative to the reference specimen by 156.2% for a composite beam with GFRP with shear connectors, 148.6% for composite beams with GFRP without connectors, and 96% for the composite beam with a steel I-section.
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Nursherida, J. Mai, Sahari B. Barkawi, and A. A. Nuraini. "Parametric Study of Automotive Composite Bumper Beams Subjected to Frontal Impacts." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 484–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.484.
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The parametric study of automotive composite bumper beam subjected to frontal impact is presented and discussed in this paper. The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of steel and composite material on energy absorption of automotive front bumper beam. The front bumper beams made of e-glass/epoxy composite and carbon epoxy composite are studied and characterized by impact modeling using LS-DYNA V971, according to United States New Car Assessment Program (US-NCAP) frontal impact velocity and based on European Enhanced Vehicle-safety Committee. The most important variable of this structure are- mass, material, and Specific Energy Absorption (SEA). The results are compared with bumper beam made of mild steel. Three types of materials are used in the present study which consists of mild steel as references material, Aluminum AA5182, E-glass/epoxy composite and carbon fiber/epoxy composite with three different fiber configurations. The beams were subjected to impact loading to determine the internal energy and SEA and to reduce mass of the conventional bumper beam. The in-plane failure behaviors of the composites were evaluated by using Tsai Wu failure criterion. The results for the composite materials are compared to that of the reference material to find the best material with highest SEA. LS-DYNA Finite Element Analysis software was used. The results showed that carbon fiber/epoxy composite bumper can reduce the bumper mass and has highest value of SEA followed by glass fiber/epoxy composite.
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HUANG, C. W., and Y. H. SU. "DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PARTIAL COMPOSITE BEAMS." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 08, no. 04 (December 2008): 665–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455408002946.
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This paper is concerned with the dynamic characteristics of composite beams with partial shear connections. The governing equations of motion for partial composite beams are derived from the one-dimensional partial composite beam theory. By solving the corresponding characteristic equation, the natural frequencies and modal shapes for simple partial composite beams are obtained. The orthogonality condition between the natural modes is utilized to decouple the equations of motion. Closed-form solution for the simple partial composite beam subjected to a moving load is derived by the modal superposition method. Key parameters that govern the fundamental frequency and deflection impact factor of simple partial composite beams are identified. Numerical results show that the former is controlled by the composite connection and section combination parameters, and the latter by the fundamental frequency ratio. It was observed that the time-history response of a partial composite beam may differ significantly from that of a full composite beam in terms of amplitude, period, and overall shape, depending on the composition connection.
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Li, Jin, Tiancheng Zhou, Xiang Li, Dalu Xiong, De Chang, Zhongmei Lu, and Guanghua Li. "Research on Flexural Bearing Capacity of Reinforced Hollow Slab Beams Based on Polyurethane Composite Material Positive and Negative Pouring Method." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 17030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142417030.
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In order to explore the construction technology of prestressed steel strand–polyurethane cement composites for strengthening hollow slab beams, two reinforced test beams (L1, L2) and one unreinforced test beam (L0) were subjected to flexural static load tests. The deflection, ductility, stiffness, strain, and bearing capacity of each test beam were used to summarize the influence of different reinforcement techniques on the flexural performance of hollow slab beams. Research shows the prestressed steel strand–polyurethane composite material was well-bonded to the hollow slab beam, which effectively inhibits the development of concrete cracks and delays the damage process of hollow slab beams, that the reinforcement effect of the test beam L1 under the reverse pouring process was remarkable, and the bending performance of the test beam L2 under the forward pouring process of the simulated real bridge was good, which was much better than that of the unreinforced beam L0. The use of tensile prestressed steel strands and forward casting of polyurethane–cement composite materials effectively improved the flexural bearing capacity of the test beams, and this reinforcement process can be further extended to engineering applications.
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Rex, Clinton O., and W. Samuel Easterling. "Partially Restrained Composite Beam-To-Girder Connections." Engineering Journal 32, no. 4 (December 31, 1995): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.62913/engj.v32i4.649.
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Advancements in design technology and construction materials have enabled engineers to design longer spanning and shallower composite beam floor systems. The beams in these floor systems are typically designed as simply supported members which, in many instances, leads to the design being controlled by construction or live load deflection criteria rather than strength. If the beams were designed as continuous beams (having rigid connections) or partially continuous beams (having partially restrained connections) then deflection problems would be minimized and the strength of the composite beam could be more fully utilized. In recent years several research programs have investigated the strength and rotational stiffness of beam-tocolumn connections in buildings with composite slabs that are continuous over the connection region. These connections have been termed "Semi-Rigid Composite Connections" (SRCC) or more recently "Partially Restrained Composite Connections."ť This research has shown that SRCC are capable of providing a range of rotational stiffness from what could be classified as a pinned connection to what could be classified as a rigid connection. The key to SRCC behavior is the continuous composite slab which is reinforced with reinforcing steel and passes over the connection region. Because the composite slab is also continuous over beam-to-girder connections it seems probable that the idea of SRCC could be applied to these connections. This would lead to beam-to-girder connections with rotational resistance (partially restrained (PR) beam-to-girder connections) that could then be used to design composite beams as partially continuous rather than simply supported.
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Xue, Weichen, Kun Li, Renguang Zheng, and Liang Li. "Cyclic performance of frames with prestressed steel–concrete composite beams." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 35, no. 10 (October 2008): 1064–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l08-040.
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This paper presents a study of the cyclic performance of moment-resisting frames with prestressed steel–concrete composite beams subjected to cyclic displacement reversals. The failure patterns, failure mechanism, hysteretic model, ductility, energy dissipation capacity, stiffness degradation, and deformation-restoring capacity of two composite frames are discussed. Larger slip could be observed along the beam span of the frame with the common composite beam in comparison with the prestressed composite beam. A four-linear hysteretic model with descending branches and two pinching pivot points is proposed for the two composite frames. Tests show that both the test frames failed in a beam side-sway mechanism within the plane of the frame, and the frame with the prestressed composite beam develops relatively high deformation restoring capacity. The applied prestressing in the composite beam has a small contribution to cyclic behavior of the composite frame. Studies also show that more energy is dissipated by the frame with the prestressed composite beam than that with the common composite beam.
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Li, Chunbao, Hui Cao, Di Guan, Shen Li, Xukai Wang, Valentina Y. Soloveva, Hojiboev Dalerjon, Zhiguang Fan, Pengju Qin, and Xiaohui Liu. "Study on Mechanical Properties of Multi-Cavity Steel-Concrete Composite Beam." Materials 15, no. 14 (July 13, 2022): 4882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15144882.
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This paper proposes a new form of composite beam: a multi-cavity steel-concrete composite beam. This composite beam uses internal perforated steel plate to connect the concrete with the steel structure, and shear connectors are no longer required, which is more suitable for industrial production. The mechanical properties of a multi-cavity steel-concrete composite beam in industrial applications are studied to avoid failures. In this paper, two multi-cavity steel-concrete composite beams with a size of 2500 mm × 200 mm × 300 mm were prepared, in which the angle of internal porous steel plate was set as 60° and 75°, respectively. A full-scale static load test was conducted on the beams to research its deformation and failure modes. The finite element software ANSYS was used to perform finite element modeling of multi-cavity steel-concrete composite beams and to analyze the influence of concrete strength, steel strength, porosity, and the angle of internal porous steel plate on the mechanical properties of composite beams. The results are as follows: before the composite beam reaches its serviceability limit state, its deformation basically shows a linear change; with the increase of load, the plastic deformation is gradually obvious, which can still provide a certain bearing capacity in the failure stage; the bearing capacity of the composite beam is positively correlated with the strength of concrete and steel, while negatively correlated with the porosity and the angle of internal porous steel plate; composite beams have large bearing capacity, good ductility and integrity.
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Lyu, Yu-Ting, Tsung-Pin Hung, Herchang Ay, Hsiu-An Tsai, Yih-Cherng Chiang, and Ah-Der Lin. "Derivation and Verification of Laminated Composite T-Beam Theory." Applied Sciences 12, no. 21 (November 3, 2022): 11158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122111158.
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This study analyzes the composite laminated T-beams using the composite beam and laminated composite plate theories. The theoretical formula was derived assuming that the composite T-beam has one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) structures. The 1D analysis was performed according to the Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis, thereby considering only the axial strain to derive a relationship between the strain and displacement. The 2D analysis was performed considering the T-beam as a combination of two composite sheets. The effective stiffness of the beam was derived from the stress-strain and moment-curvature relationships. Furthermore, the deflection of the beam and the stress of each laminate were calculated. A simple support beam, made of AS4/3501-6 carbon/epoxy, was used as a composite laminated T-beam. MSC/NASTRAN finite element software was used for analysis. The accuracy of the theoretical formula and limitations of its use was verified using the finite element analysis. Higher accuracy of the theoretical formula was obtained at a composite beam aspect ratio greater than 15. The formula derived in this study is suitable for thin and long beams.
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Wang, Boxin, Ruichang Fang, and Qing Wang. "Flexural Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Self-Stressing Concrete T-Shaped Composite Beams." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (June 24, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8810440.
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Given the excellent crack resistance performance of steel fiber-reinforced self-stressing concrete (SFRSSC), the bending performance of some composite beams with SFRSSC laminated layers was studied. The experiment conducted in this study comprised a single-span composite beam test (including 3 test beams) and a two-span continuous composite beam test (including 2 test beams). All the test beams were T-shaped. The cracking load, yielding load, and ultimate load of all the test beams were recorded and comparatively analyzed. Experimental results showed that the cracking load of the test beam with an SFRSSC laminated layer is significantly increased. Mechanical analysis and numerical simulation of the test beams were conducted, and the obtained results agreed well with the experimental results. The composite beams under different working conditions were also numerically simulated. Through the simulation, reasonable ranges of precompressive stress and length of the SFRSSC laminated layer at intermediate support of continuous composite beam were obtained.
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Yang, Haixu, Yue Guo, Haibiao Wang, and Zihang Jiang. "Research on the Shear Performance of Cold-Formed Thin-Walled Steel-Glued Laminated Wood Composite Beams." Buildings 13, no. 12 (November 21, 2023): 2903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13122903.
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This paper proposes a new type of composite box beam combined with cold-formed thin-walled steel and glued laminated timber to develop green building structures while improving the load-carrying capacity of a single steel girder and glued timber girder. Two composite beams composed of laminated timber and Q235 cold-formed thin-walled steel were designed and fabricated. Then, the shear performance test with quadratic loading was carried out to analyze the load carrying capacity, damage modes, and deformation characteristics of the test beams, as well as their influencing factors. Subsequently, a finite element model of the composite beam was established, and the loading mode was the same as that of the test to further study the parameters affecting the shear performance of the composite beam. The results of the study indicate that steel and glued timber in composite beams connected by adhesive bonding can work and deform together under load and each give full play to its material properties, especially the composite beams, which exhibit higher shear strength than a steel or timber beam. The effects of parameters such as steel cross-sectional area, shear span ratio, steel skeleton form, and steel cross-sectional strength on the shear capacity of the composite beams were observed, among which the shear span ratio had the greatest effect on the shear capacity of the composite beams. The shear capacity decreased by 14.3% and 19.5% when the shear span ratio was increased from 1.5 to 2.0 and 2.5, respectively. The shear capacity of the combined composite beams increased by 10.6%, 6.3%, and 5.8% when the thickness was increased from 1.5 mm to 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, and 3.0 mm, respectively. When the combination of the steel cross-section was a box beam, the overall shear-bearing capacity could be increased by 12% compared with the “I” type composite beam, although its shear stiffness was close to that of the “I” section composite beam.
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Abbas, Mustafa Kamil, and Hayder Wafi Al_Thabhawee. "Experimental study of composite concrete cellular steel beams." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 961, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/961/1/012095.
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Abstract The main objective of this study is to compare the structural behavior of composite steel– concrete beams using cellular beams with and without steel ring stiffeners placed around the web openings. An IPE140 hot rolled I-section steel beam was used to create four specimens: one without openings (control beam); one without shear connectors (non-composite); a composite steel–concrete beam using a cellular beam without strengthening (CLB1); and a composite steel–concrete beam using a cellular beam (CLB4-R) with its openings strengthened by steel ring stiffeners with geometrical properties Br = 37mm and Tr = 5mm. CLB1 was fabricated with openings of 100mm diameter and a 1.23 expansion depth ratio, while CLB4-R was fabricated with openings of 130mm diameter, a 1.42 expansion depth ratio. Both beams were 1700mm in length with ten openings. The results of this experiment revealed that the loads applied to CLB1 and CLB4-R at deflection L/360 exceeded the load applied to the control specimen at the same deflection by 149.3% and 177.3%, respectively. The results revealed that the non-composite beam had an ultimate load 29% lower than that of the control beam. The ultimate load on CLB1 was 5.3% greater than that of the control beam, and failure occurred due to web-post buckling. While the ultimate load of the CLB4-R beam was 18.43% greater than that of the control beam, the Vierendeel mechanism was indicated as the failure mode.
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Ma, Xiao, Shuai Wang, Bo Zhou, and Shifeng Xue. "Study on Electromechanical Behavior of Functionally Graded Piezoelectric Composite Beams." Journal of Mechanics 36, no. 6 (August 6, 2020): 841–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2020.44.
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ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the electromechanical behavior of functionally graded piezoelectric composite beams containing axially functionally graded (AFG) beam and piezoelectric actuators subjected to electrical load. The mechanical properties of the AFG beam are assumed to be graded along the axial direction. Employing the electromechanical coupling theory and load simulation method, the expression for the simulation load of the piezoelectric actuators is obtained. Based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and the obtained simulation load, the differential governing equation of the piezoelectric composite beams subjected to electrical load is derived. The integration-by-parts approach is utilized to solve the differential governing equation, and the expression for the deflection of the piezoelectric composite beams is obtained. The accuracy of the proposed method is validated by the finite element method. The bending response of the functionally graded piezoelectric composite beams is investigated through the proposed method. In the numerical examples, the effects of electrical load, actuator thickness, AFG beam thickness and AFG beam length on the electromechanical behavior of the functionally graded piezoelectric composite beams are studied.
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Wang, Guang-Ming, Li Zhu, Xin-Lin Ji, and Wen-Yu Ji. "Finite Beam Element for Curved Steel–Concrete Composite Box Beams Considering Time-Dependent Effect." Materials 13, no. 15 (July 22, 2020): 3253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13153253.
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Curved steel–concrete composite box beams are widely used in urban overpasses and ramp bridges. In contrast to straight composite beams, curved composite box beams exhibit complex mechanical behavior with bending–torsion coupling, including constrained torsion, distortion, and interfacial biaxial slip. The shear-lag effect and curvature variation in the radial direction should be taken into account when the beam is sufficiently wide. Additionally, long-term deflection has been observed in curved composite box beams due to the shrinkage and creep effects of the concrete slab. In this paper, an equilibrium equation for a theoretical model of curved composite box beams is proposed according to the virtual work principle. The finite element method is adopted to obtain the element stiffness matrix and nodal load matrix. The age-adjusted effective modulus method is introduced to address the concrete creep effects. This 26-DOF finite beam element model is able to simulate the constrained torsion, distortion, interfacial biaxial slip, shear lag, and time-dependent effects of curved composite box beams and account for curvature variation in the radial direction. An elaborate finite element model of a typical curved composite box beam is established. The correctness and applicability of the proposed finite beam element model is verified by comparing the results from the proposed beam element model to those from the elaborate finite element model. The proposed beam element model is used to analyze the long-term behavior of curved composite box beams. The analysis shows that significant changes in the displacement, stress and shear-lag coefficient occur in the curved composite beams within the first year of loading, after which the variation tendency becomes gradual. Moreover, increases in the central angle and shear connection stiffness both reduce the change rates of displacement and stress with respect to time.
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Zhai, Xujun, Xingqin You, Hao Zhang, Zhong Tang, Xinzhong Wang, and Guoqiang Wang. "Response of Composite Beam Structure under Unbalanced Excitation of Rice Threshing System." Shock and Vibration 2022 (April 6, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5792102.
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This paper studies the dynamic response of the support beam under the unbalanced excitation of the rice threshing system. The differential equation of motion of the supporting beam under the action of harmonic force is established by the modal superposition method, and its dynamic response is analyzed. It is found that the initial vibration of the supporting beam will fluctuate greatly when it is excited by the unbalanced force. In response to this problem, the application of composite beams as the support structure of the threshing system is proposed. The composite beam is mainly composed of uniform and isotropic Euler–Bernoulli beams that are parallel to each other, and the two beams are connected by elastic spring elements. Then, the vibration response of the composite beam structure under unbalanced forces is studied. The results show that the vibration of the composite beam is more stable when it is excited by the unbalanced drum. The overall vibration response amplitude is smaller than that with single support, and the vibration reduction effect is obvious. When the stiffness changes, the change trend of the response amplitude of beam 1 and beam 2 is opposite, that is, the stiffness increases, the vibration amplitude of beam 1 decreases, and the amplitude of beam 2 increases. This shows that the composite beam is suitable for the support structure of the harvester.
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Robinson, Hugh. "Multiple stud shear connections in deep ribbed metal deck." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 4 (August 1, 1988): 553–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l88-076.
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This paper summarizes the results of push-out tests conducted on 17 different types of shear connections simulating three distinct components of a composite floor system: (1) an interior beam (perpendicular metal deck), (2) a spandrel beam (perpendicular metal deck), and (3) a girder (parallel metal deck). Each push-out specimen had a layer of 152 × 152 WM9.1 × WM9.1 welded wire mesh at mid-depth of each concrete slab.Two composite beams, each with ribbed shear connections typical of those in two of the types of push-out specimens representing ribbed shear connections in interior composite beams with ribbed metal deck, were tested with third-point loads over a simply supported span. Using the average ultimate shear strengths of the push-out specimens having the same configurations as the ribbed shear connections in the composite beam tests to calculate the ultimate flexural capacities of the composite beams resulted in a very close estimate of the measured ultimate flexural capacities of the composite beams. The average measured static yield strengths of the flanges and webs of the wide-flange sections used in the composite beam tests were included in the calculations of the ultimate flexural capacities of the composite beams. Key words: composite, push-out, ultimate shear, shear stud, ribbed metal deck, deep rib.
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Lofty, E. A., I. M. Kamal, M. A. Hassan, and K. M. Hassan. "Flexural investigation of a composite trussed-beam for aerospace shelters using numerical modelling." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2616, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2616/1/012048.
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Abstract The composite beams used in aerospace shelters are always exposed to many problems such as: expensive repairing and maintenance costs, and low durability. This research aims to investigate the effect of reinforcing hybrid composite beams with embedded steel-angle truss system (Trussed-beam) inside concrete cover to be used in aerospace structures and shelters. Foremost, a reliable finite element (FE) model was conducted to verify a previous experimental result of a trussed beam, using ABAQUS software. Then, a parametric study was conducted to optimize several parameters, using the reliable FE model. Six composite trussed-beam specimens were modelled to investigate the ultimate flexural capacity. Load-displacement curve was utilized to measure the flexural capacity of the beams. Based on the results obtained from the current study, the composite trussed beam, which is web reinforced by inclined steel Plates, with angle of inclination of 45 degrees obtained significant results relative to the traditional reinforced concrete beam. These hybrid composite beams’ flexural behaviour was significantly improved by increasing their compressive strength.
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Lam, W. Y., R. K. L. Su, and H. J. Pam. "Strength and Ductility of Embedded Steel Composite Coupling Beams." Advances in Structural Engineering 6, no. 1 (January 2003): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/136943303321625702.
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The stringent requirements on dimensions, ductility, energy absorption, strength and stiffness of coupling beams have resulted in much research on various alternative coupling beam designs, which include the use of diagonal reinforcement, rhombic arrangement of main bars and steel composites. Experimental results showed that each of these designs offered better performance than the conventional type but had its own limitations. A new embedded steel composite coupling beam design is therefore proposed. This paper presents the findings from the experimental tests of a coupling beam fabricated with this proposed design and a conventionally reinforced coupling beam, which serves as the reference. The preliminary test results showed that the embedded steel coupling beam with relatively large span-to-depth ratio ( l/h = 2.5) had excellent shear capacity (∼10MPa) and very good energy absorption.
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Yazdani, S., Y. Kiani, M. Jabbari, and M. R. Eslami. "Thermal Buckling of Piezoelectric Composite Beam." ISRN Mechanical Engineering 2011 (April 10, 2011): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/362030.
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Buckling analysis of laminated composite beams with piezoelectric layers subjected to thermal loading and constant voltage is studied. The material properties are assumed to be homogeneous in any layer through the beam thickness. The first-order beam theory and nonlinear strain-displacement relation are used to obtain the governing equations of the composite beam. The beam is assumed under uniform type of thermal loading and various types of boundary conditions. For each case of boundary conditions, closed-form solutions are obtained. The effects of the applied actuator voltage, beam geometry, and boundary conditions on the buckling temperature are investigated.
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Thivya, J., R. Malathy, and D. Tensing. "A Comparative Study of Ultimate Strength and Behaviour of Steel Concrete Composite Beam with Shear Connectors Subjected to Pure Torsion." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 13, no. 10 (October 1, 2016): 6892–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2016.5643.
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This study concerns the employment of pure torsion analysis to determine ultimate strength of composite beam with shear connectors. The effect of shear connector is used for increasing the strength and stiffness of composite beam. This behavior is influenced by physical response of the beam under pure torsion. Totally 12 beams are tested and comparative analysis has been made within this 12 beams. The curvature, rotation and angle of twist are calculated throughout entire load by torsion test. This investigation proves that the composite beam with 75 mm spaced shear connector provides good ultimate strength.
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Senthamaraikannan, C., and R. Ramesh. "Evaluation of mechanical and vibration behavior of hybrid epoxy carbon composite beam carrying micron-sized CTBN rubber and nanosilica particles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 233, no. 9 (June 27, 2018): 1738–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1464420718784315.
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The suppression of vibration in dynamic structures is considered as one of the important functional requirements. In the present investigation, the free vibration behaviour of the woven carbon-epoxy composite beams was studied by blending nanosilica and micro-sized carboxyl-terminated butadiene acrilonitrile copolymer CTBN rubber in an epoxy matrix. The basic I and channel shapes widely used in structural applications were considered for fabrication of composite beams and made by hand layup method. The hybrid specimens were prepared by keeping 9% rubber particles by weight as stable primary ingredients in epoxy and the secondary reinforcement nanosilica was added by varying the weight fraction of 6% and 11%. The mechanical behaviour study and free vibration test were conducted as per ASTM standards and compared between virgin and hybrid composites. The addition of nanosilica, as secondary reinforcement in an epoxy matrix improves the mechanical properties of CTBN rubber-blended carbon composites. The structural beams were tested by impulse frequency response method under cantilever boundary conditions. Frequency response function plots were recorded and compared for all considered beam samples. The decreased amplitude response observed in frequency response function plot for micro rubber added samples of 9 wt%, indicate enhanced passive damping characteristics. The nanosilica, along with the micro rubber particles, shows improved passive damping capacity than virgin carbon composite beam. Finite element modelling of the composite beam was done for modal response using ANSYS® application software. Mode shapes and corresponding modal frequency of all types of beams have been compared and discussed.
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Ramprasad, Gedela, and Shinigam Ramakrishna. "Residual life estimation of healthy and cracked composite beam using experimental and numerical modal analysis methods." Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering 4, no. 2 (November 24, 2020): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30464/jmee.2020.4.2.127.
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Preventive maintenance is beneficial to minimize unexpected breakdowns in industries with continuous production. Composite structures are used for naval applications like ship hulls and marine propellers. In most of the industries, composite structural health analysis using experimental and numerical model are available for damage detection and estimate the residual life of composite beams. The present work is focusses on identification of damage and estimate residual life of composite healthy and cracked beams. Free vibrational analysis is carried out on composite beam made of glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) with a different crack orientation. A fast Fourier transform (FFT) spectrum analyzer associated with engineering data management (EDM) software utilized for experimental analysis to detect presence of damage in cracked composite beam. FEM software called Analysis of composite pre/post (ACP) available in ANSYS R3 is used to compare the natural frequency results of healthy composite beam with cracked composite beam with different ply orientations. For validation of numerical modal evaluation, the consequences acquired from ANSYS R3 FEA software are in comparison with experimental results received by impact hammer method. The fatigue life of a damaged composite beam is estimated the use of “Hwang and Han’s” fatigue life equation.
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Hieu, Nguyen Tran, and Vu Anh Tuan. "Weight optimization of composite cellular beam based on the differential evolution algorithm." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 12, no. 5 (August 30, 2018): 28–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2018-12(5)-04.
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In this study, the differential evolution algorithm is used for solving the optimum design problem of composite cellular beams. The design variables are hot rolled profile from which the cellular beam will be produced as well as opening size and its spacing. The objective function is the minimum weight of cellular beam while the design constraints include satisfying the ultimate limit states, the serviceability limit states and the geometric limitations. The design method adopted in this study is based on EN 1994-1-1. Furthermore, a parametric study is conducted to evaluate the influence of beams spacing to the weight of floor beam system. As a result, an optimal spacing of composite cellular beams is proposed.
Keywords: composite beam; cellular beam; web opening; steel beam optimization; differential evolution.
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Chen, Li Hua, Fei Xiao, and Qi Liang Jin. "Research on Key Issues in Design of Outer-Plated Steel-Concrete Continuous Composite Beams." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.414.
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Based on the theoretical analysis and testing results, some key issues in design of outer-plated steel-concrete continuous composite beams are discussed. The influence of the form of steel beam upper flange on the behavior of composite beam is analyzed. The requirements about longitudinal reinforcement strength in the concrete flange of the negative moment region are given. It is suggested that the moment-shear interaction should be neglected when calculating the flexural capacity of outer-plated steel-concrete composite beams under negative bending moment. The behavior of longitudinal shear resistance at the interface between the concrete flange and web of composite beam is studied, and the related calculating formula is put forward based on the structural features of the composite beam.
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Wei, Juan, and Wen Pu Shi. "Deflection Computations of the Double Composite Cantilever Beam." Applied Mechanics and Materials 401-403 (September 2013): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.97.
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Considering of the hypothesis of small deformation, the deflection approximate differential equation of beam and integration equation theory and numerical methods are used to the deflection problems of the double composite cantilever beam. The deflection problem of the double composite beam with smooth interface under a point vertical force acting on the beam end are analyzed concretely, the analytical solutions of the touching distributing force and the cross section rotation angle function are given, and the concrete method of computing the beam deflection is put forward based on the Gauss-Legendre integration formula, the results of the given example show the validity. The methods and the conclusions here can be extended to study the deflection problems of composite cantilever beam with arbitrary layers and the deflection problems of composite beams with other supporting condition, they are important to the designs of the engineering beams.
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Zhang, Yan Ling, Wei Ge, and De Ying Zhang. "Experimental Research on Bending-Torsion Characteristics of Steel-Concrete Composite Box Beams." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 785–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.785.
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Due to the axial curvature and the eccentric vehicle loads, bending-torsion couple effects will be generated in the curved steel-concrete composite box beam bridges. To study the bending-torsion couple characteristics, six steel-concrete composite box model beams are tested under the bending-torsion couple loads, with the initial torsion-bending ratios and shear connection degrees as the design parameters. The ultimate bearing capacity, section strain, and interfacial slip of the steel-concrete composite box beams are measured. The test results show that, the fully connected composite beams mainly express bending or bending-torsion failure modes, but the partially connected composite beams are mainly sliding failure modes. The existence of the torque doesn’t have great influence on the ultimate bearing capacity and bending moment of the composite box beams. Under the bending-torsion couple loads, there are not only the longitudinal slip between the steel girder and concrete slab of the composite box beam, but also the transverse slip perpendicular to the beam axis.
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Yu, Bao Chu, and Guo Dong Wang. "Finite Element Analysis of the Vibration Characteristics of Castellated Composite Beams." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.91.
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Steel-concrete castellated composite beams are a new form, also widely used in bridges and buildings. But the research for the vibration characteristics of the composite beams is less. In this paper, by using the principle of the finite element, it mainly analyzes the influence of some related elements, such as the steel beam web part of the opening location, the size, the location and so on, on composite beam vibration frequency to lay the foundation of further study on the dynamic characteristics of the castellated composite beam.
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Zeng, Xinggui, Shao-Fei Jiang, and Donghua Zhou. "Effect of Shear Connector Layout on the Behavior of Steel-Concrete Composite Beams with Interface Slip." Applied Sciences 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9010207.
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In a steel-concrete composite beam (hereafter referred to as a composite beam), partial interaction between the concrete slab and the steel beam results in an appreciable increase in the beam deflections relative to full interaction behavior. Moreover, the distribution type of the shear connectors has a great impact on the degree of the composite action between the two components of the beam. To reveal the effect of shear connector layout in the performance of composite beams, on the basis of a developed one-dimensional composite beam element validated by the closed-form precision solutions and experimental results, this paper optimizes the layout of shear connectors in composite beams with partial interaction by adopting a stepwise uniform distribution of shear connectors to approximate the triangular distribution of the shear connector density without increasing the total number of shear connectors. Based on a comparison of all the different types of stepped rectangles distribution, this paper finally suggests the 3-stepped rectangles distribution of shear connectors as a reasonable and applicable optimal method.
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Hieu, Nguyen Tran. "Simplified design method and parametric study of composite cellular beam." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 12, no. 3 (April 30, 2018): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2018-12(3)-04.
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Nowadays, with the development of cutting and welding technologies, steel beams with regular circular openings, called cellular beams, have been widely used for construction. The cellular beams could be designed either as steel beam or composite beam when headed shear connectors connect concrete slab to top flange of steel beam. This paper presents a procedure to design cellular composite beams according to EN 1994-1-1. In addition, a parametric study is carried out to evaluate the influence of circular opening geometry to ultimate load and failure mode of a series of cellular composite beams. As a result, an optimal dimension of cellular beam is proposed.
Article history: Received 28 February 2018, Revised 22 March 2018, Accepted 27 April 2018
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Hong, Wan, Yuchen Jiang, Yong Fang, and Xiamin Hu. "Experimental study and theoretical analysis of glulam-concrete composite beams connected with ductile shear connectors." Advances in Structural Engineering 23, no. 6 (December 4, 2019): 1168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433219891560.
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Ductile shear connectors are often applied in timber-concrete composite beams. The relative interface slip of such kind of composite beams will affect the mechanical performance of the composite beams and result in structural nonlinearity. Gamma method which adopts effective bending stiffness to reflect semi-rigid connection is recommended in Eurocode 5. The effective bending stiffness is irrelevant to external loads and calculation points of the composite beam. However, actual bending stiffness distribution along the beam is variable due to that shear connectors are subjected to different shear force. In order to verify the accuracy of gamma method, four-point bending tests of a total of three glulam-concrete composite beams with lag screw connectors and one pure glulam beam were conducted in this article. The failure mode, bearing capacity, and load–deflection relationship were investigated in the experiment. Meanwhile, push-out tests of composite beams were also conducted for determination of the force–displacement relationship of ductile shear connectors. Then, numerical simulation using beam-truss model was established for investigation on the mechanism of composite beams. Finally, theoretical analysis of composite beams considering the effect of interface slip was also presented. Comparing results from gamma method with the presented method, it is shown that both methods can calculate deflection at serviceability limit state with high precision. However, non-uniform distribution of actual bending stiffness cannot be reflected by gamma method.
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Gdoutos, E. E., and M. S. Konsta-Gdoutos. "Load and Geometry Effect on Failure Mode Initiation of Composite Sandwich Beams." Applied Mechanics and Materials 3-4 (August 2006): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.3-4.173.
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Facing compressive failure, facing wrinkling and core shear failure are the most commonly encountered failure modes in sandwich beams with facings made of composite materials. The occurrence and sequence of these failure modes depends on the geometrical dimensions, the form of loading and type of support of the beam. In this paper the above three failure modes in sandwich beams with facings made of carbon/epoxy composites and cores made of aluminum honeycomb and two types of foam have been investigated. Two types of beams, the simply supported and the cantilever have been considered. Loading included concentrated and uniform. It was found that in beams with foam core facing wrinkling and core shear failure occur, whereas in beams with honeycomb core facing compressive failure and core shear crimping take place. Results were obtained for the dependence of failure mode on the geometry of the beam and the type of loading. The critical beam spans for failure mode transition from core shear to wrinkling failure were established. It was found that initiation of a particular failure mode depends on the properties of the facing and core materials, the geometrical configuration and loading of composite sandwich beams.
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Han, Xiaoli, Jian Dai, Wei Qian, Zhaoyang Zhu, and Baolong Li. "Effects of dowels on the mechanical properties of wooden composite beams in ancient timber structures." BioResources 16, no. 4 (August 27, 2021): 6891–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.4.6891-6909.
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In order to provide more accurate suggestions for the restoration of ancient timber buildings, five types of specimens were designed for static loading tests. The tree species used for the specimens was larch. The wooden composite beams were composed of purlins, tie plates, and fangs. The study analyzed the effects of the number and position of dowels on the mechanical behaviors of wooden composite beams in ancient timber buildings. The bending moment, slippage, strain of the wooden composite beams under the deflection of the beam allowed according to code, and the ultimate bearing capacity of the wooden column composite beams under failure conditions were examined. The test results showed that the dowels could improve the bending capacity of the wooden composite beams. The even distribution of the dowels was beneficial in reducing the sliding effect of the wooden composite beams. Under the amount of deflection allowed by the code, the mid-span section strain along the height of the wooden composite beam approximately conformed to the plane section assumption. The wooden composite beam still had bending capacity after each member failed. The results of this study illustrated that dowels improved the overall mechanical properties of the wooden composite beams.
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Yang, Jing Ping. "Nonlinear Simulation Analysis on Steel Concrete Composite Beam with Rubber Aggregate." Advanced Materials Research 1044-1045 (October 2014): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1044-1045.71.
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In order to investigate mechanics performance of rubber concrete steel composite beam, nonlinear analysis on four steel concrete composite beams with different amount of rubber has been carried out using finite element analysis software, and the influence of rubber concrete to mechanical properties of composite beam was explored. The results show that ductility, crack resistance of rubber concrete slab, shear capacity of shear connector for rubber concrete steel composite beam are improved significantly compared with ordinary steel concrete composite beams. Along with the increase of rubber content, the energy consumption of composite beams gradually increases, while the ultimate bearing capacity decreases with small amplitude. As a kind of green environmental protection material Rubber Aggregate concrete has the characteristics of good ductility, crack resistance is strong, energy consumption is obvious and good wear resistance.
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Ebrahimi, Farzad, and Ali Dabbagh. "On thermo-mechanical vibration analysis of multi-scale hybrid composite beams." Journal of Vibration and Control 25, no. 4 (October 22, 2018): 933–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546318806800.
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This article is primarily organized to analyze the thermo-elastic vibrational characteristics of multi-scale hybrid composite beams according to a refined beam model. In this novel type of composites, multi-scale reinforcing elements, carbon fiber (CF) and carbon nanotube (CNT) in particular, are presumed to be dispersed in an initial resin. The homogenization process is carried out employing a mixture of the Halpin–Tsai model and the rule of mixture. The effect of temperature and its gradient on the mechanical properties of CNTs and epoxy resin is rendered to present a more reliable thermal analysis. On the other hand, a refined trigonometric shear deformable beam theory is extended to derive the kinematic relations of the beam needless of any external shear correction coefficient. On the basis of Hamilton's principle, the partial differential equations of motion are developed. Thereafter, the natural frequencies are achieved by the means of Galerkin's method for both simply supported and fully clamped edge conditions. Then, the validity of the presented model is shown by comparing these results with those of previously published researches. Finally, effects of different parameters on the natural frequency of composite beams are rendered in the framework of some numerical case studies. It can be found that multi-scale hybrid composite beams can satisfy higher frequencies once compared with each of the CF- or CNT-reinforced composite beams.
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Lin, Pengzhen, Weiyi Yan, Hongwei Zhao, and Junjun Ma. "Theoretical and Experimental Investigation on the Flexural Behaviour of Prestressed NC-UHPC Composite Beams." Materials 16, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020879.
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To investigate the normal section strength and cracking bending moment of normal concrete–ultra-high-performance concrete (NC-UHPC) composite beams, calculation formulas were established considering the tensile strength of UHPC based on the current railway bridge design code. Using the railway T-beam as a template, prestressed NC-UHPC composite beams with different NC layer heights were built. A static bending test was performed, the pressure of the steel strand and the deflection and strain of the beam were measured, and the evolution of cracks in each beam was observed. The calculation formulas of the normal section strength and cracking bending moment of NC-UHPC composite beam were verified by the test. The results showed that the type of strain was similar to load-deflection curves with increasing load; the bending failure process of the NC-UHPC composite beam showed four obvious stages: elasticity, uniform cracking, crack development, and yield. Cracks in the beam started to appear at stage II, developed rapidly at stage III, and stopped emerging at stage IV. The calculation formulas for the normal section strength and the cracking bending moment of the NC-UHPC composite beam were in good agreement with the test values. Normal concrete with a compressive strength of 80 MPa can replace UHPC for the design of NC-UHPC composite beams.
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Heshmati, Mahmood, Bandar Astinchap, Masoud Heshmati, Mohammad Hosein Yas, and Yasser Amini. "An integrated numerical–experimental study on the optimum utilization of carbon nanotubes in laminated composites." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 19, no. 2 (August 3, 2016): 231–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636215615872.
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In this paper, a set of numerical and experimental studies are performed to improve mechanical and vibrational properties of carbon nanotubes-reinforced composites. First, at a design concept level, linear distribution patterns of multi-walled carbon nanotubes through the thickness of a typical beam is adopted to investigate its fundamental natural frequency for a given weight percent of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Both Timoshenko and Euler-Bernoulli beam theories are used in the derivation of the governing equations. The finite element method is employed to obtain a numerical approximation of the motion equation. Next, based on the introduced distribution patterns, laminated multi-walled carbon nanotubes-reinforced polystyrene-amine composite beams are fabricated. Static and experimental modal tests are performed to measure the effective stiffness and fundamental natural frequencies of the fabricated composite beams. Also, in order to generate realistic model to investigate the material properties of fabricated composite beams, the actual tensile specimens of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/polystyrene-amine composites are successfully fabricated and the tensile behaviors of both pure matrix and composites are investigated. To better interfacial bonding between carbon nanotubes and polymer, a chemical treatment is performed on carbon nanotubes. It is seen that the addition of a few wt. % of multi-walled carbon nanotubes make considerable increase in the Young's modulus and the tensile strength of the composite. It is observed from the free vibration tests that the uniform distribution of multi-walled carbon nanotubes results in an increase of 9.5% in the fundamental natural frequency of the polymer cantilever beam, whereas using the symmetric multi-walled carbon nanotube distribution increased its fundamental natural frequency by 17.32%.
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Zlamalova, Pavlina, Petr Štěpánek, Frantisek Girgle, Vojtech Kostiha, and Petr Daněk. "Static Analysis of Sandwich Composite Panels." Key Engineering Materials 930 (August 31, 2022): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-49f405.
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This paper describes the development of a sandwich composite beam based on FRP materials which is a suitable alternative to reinforced concrete beams in specific applications. These FRP materials show higher durability and stability compared to reinforced concrete in aggressive environments (e.g. wastewater treatment plants). Compared to pultruded FRP beams, the developed solution better utilizes the properties of the sub-components. The results of this research suggest that the optimum use of composite materials is when the upper and lower flanges of the beam consist of pultruded composite profiles in the TT cross-section and the standing composite grating; this creates a relatively stiff beam with a high load-bearing capacity and resistance to aggressive environments at a very low self-weight. The final properties of this beam can be adjusted thanks to the variability of the dimensions of the web as well as the variability of a suitable laminate surface treatment. This in the final combination creates a sandwich composite structure. The behaviour of the composite beam is then confirmed in this paper using a four-point bending test. Different configurations of the beam design allowed us to determine the influence of the laminate surface layer (verification of the sandwich functionality), but also the influence of the beam connection at the standing point on the resulting behaviour. The results of the experiments demonstrated the optimal physical and mechanical parameters of the sandwich composite beam structure and gave us insights for further use of this type of structure.
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Hu, Shao Wei, and Ke Yu Zhao. "Experimental Research on Torsional Performance of Prestressed Composite Box Beam with Partial Shear Connection." Applied Mechanics and Materials 438-439 (October 2013): 658–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.438-439.658.
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In order to research torsional performance of prestressed steel-concrete composite box beam with different shear connection, this paper designed three prestressed steel-concrete composite box beams with different degree of shear connection, and studied the stress characteristics of prestressed composite beam under static torsion process load. The torsion behaviors of prestressed composite beam such as the steel strain, concrete flange strain, rebar strain, angle of torsion, deformation and failure patterns are analyzed on the base of the experimental results. It comes to a result that shear connectors have little impact on beams cracking torque, but ultimate torque of composite beams decreases along with the reduction of shear connection degree. When the shear connection degree is 0.5, the ultimate torque is reduced by about 15%.
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Tian, Jin Feng, Qing Hua Wang, and Jia Zhu Dong. "Properties Research on Concrete Laminated Beam Combined with GRC Enhanced Reinforcement Template." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 1785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.1785.
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This paper introduces a stressed member which is composited of GRC enhanced reinforcement template combined with post-pouring concrete structure. The GRC template is as a permanent template combining with concrete into a composite beam. The surface of the template is respectively dealed in different ways. Through contrasting the results of stress performance experiment with ordinary beam,studing the cooperative performance between GRC templates and post-pouring concrete, as well as the effect of bearing stress of composite beams with templates in different treatment ways. The optimal size is diameter 15mm, depth 5mm from the experiment.
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Hashim, Hayder A., and Alaa H. Al-Zuhairi. "Effect of External Post-Tensioning Strengthening Technique on Flexural Capacity of Simple Supported Composite Castellated Beam." E3S Web of Conferences 318 (2021): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131803006.
Full textAbstract:
This research is carried out to study the effect of the external post-tensioning technique on the flexural capacity of simply supported composite castellated beam experimentally. In this research, seven composite castellated beams having the same dimensions and material properties were cast and tested up to failure by applied two concentrated loads at 700 mm from each end. Two external strands of 12.7 mm diameter were fixed at each side of the web of strengthening beams and located at depth 180 mm from top fiber of the section (dps) at each end of the beam. The strands have been tensioned by using a hydraulic jack with a constant stress of 100 MPa. This research aims to study the effect of the strengthening by different shapes of strand profiles of external post-tensioning techniques on the flexural capacity of the composite castellated beam. These beams were divided into three groups. Each group contained two composite castellated beams while 7th composite castellated beam kept without strengthening by external post-tensioning technique As control beam. The first group included two beams with straight strand profile of external Post-tensioning. The second group included two beams with a triangular strand profile of external post-tensioning. The third group included two beams with a trapezoidal strand profile of external post-tensioning. All composite castellated beams were simply supported, and all of them were fully shear connections between the concrete slab and steel girder. All beams included the 16 castellated openings and were stiffened by six stiffener plates welded on the web of castellated beams. Three stiffener plates are welded on each side of the web. Two of these stiffener plates welded at the middle of the beam, and four of them welded at locations under the loads. The experimental results of this research were increasing 5.43% in load capacity of an average of the straight profile of composite castellated beams, increasing 18.92% in load capacity of an average of triangular profile composite castellated beams, and increasing 20.71% in load capacity of the trapezoidal profile of composite castellated beams. All the above results were compared with control beams.
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Pei, X. Y., and Jia Lu Li. "Research on Fabricating Technology of Three Dimensional Integrated Braided Composite I Beam." Advanced Materials Research 136 (October 2010): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.136.59.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper the fabricating technology of three dimensional (3D) integrated braided composite I beam is researched, including: braiding technology of 3D braided I beam preform, the orientation of fiber-tow in the I beam preform, the optimizing of process parameters of resin transfer molding (RTM) for 3D braided composite I beam, and the design of mould for consolidation of composite I beam. The quality of 3D braided composites is good analyzed by ultrasonic A-scan, void content calculation and microscope observation. The research result will provide a good way for designing and fabricating high performance 3D integrated braided composite components with irregular cross section.