Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Composés organiques volatils – toxicité'
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Pelletier, Maud. "Expositions agrégées aux composés organiques semi-volatils dans l'habitat et risques sanitaires associés." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B028/document.
In housing, people are exposed to an increasing number of chemicals, including semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). SVOCs are present on surfaces, in the gas phase, airborne particles and settled dust. Humans are exposed through ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact. Many of these compounds have suspected toxic effects on human health. The objective of this thesis is to assess, by a risk assessment approach, the public health risk posed by the exposure to SVOCs frequently detected in French dwellings. At first, indoor exposures were estimated for 32 compounds from contamination data and human parameters such as body weight, inhalation rate, time spent in dwellings etc. Ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact exposure pathways were aggregated for the indoor SVOCs of greatest concern and for several age groups from birth to age 30. In a second step, human health risks were modeled from these exposures and from available toxicity data. Each SVOC was considered separately and also in mixtures, based on the assumption of dose additivity. This work provided exposures distributions representative of the French population and identified the dominant media and exposure routes for each compound as well as the most at risk SVOCs for a certain portion of the French population
Godefroy, Isabelle. "Importance et aspects sanitaires des composés organohalogènes volatils dans l'eau et les atmosphères de piscines." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P273.
Fournier, Kevin. "Construction d'indicateurs de toxicites cumulees : cas des composes organiques semi volatils dans les environnements interieurs." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1B019/document.
Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are widely present in indoor environments and are suspected to be repro- or neurotoxic but little is known on the health impact on SVOC mixtures. The objective of this work is to derive cumulative toxicity indicators for SVOCs detected in French dwellings in carrying forward a cumulative health risk assessment. SVOCs were grouped according to their repro- and neurotoxic common modes of action (i.e. decrease in serum testosterone concentrations, decrease in neuronal viability). Benchmark doses (BMDs) were then estimated by modeling dose-response relationships from scientific literature (Hill models, PROAST, RIVM). Comparable BMDs were estimated only for 6 of the 19 reprotoxic SVOCs which are responsible to 10 or 50% decrease in testosterone in adult male rats orally exposed. Estimated relative potency factors (RPFs) from BMDs are similar according to the response level (from 1600 for the B(a)P to 0.1 for the BBP), excepted for bisphenol A moving from 7E+6 to 180. For in vitro neuronal death, BMDs were estimated for 13 neurotoxic SVOCs using data from different cell lines and species. BMDs equivalent to a 10% of response range from 0.07 (PCB-153) to 95 µM (diazinon). The originality of this work is the grouping of compounds from different chemical families which we are really exposed to. BMDs estimation from published data was possible but many methodological limitations lead us to put forward recommendations especially on the standardization of experimental protocols and the availability of results in adapted format for dose-response relationship modeling
Méausoone, Clémence. "Etude en Interface Air-Liquide de la toxicité des Composés Organiques Volatils lors d’expositions répétées : Cas du toluène, de ses homologues et des émissions issues de son traitement catalytique." Thesis, Littoral, 2019. https://documents.univ-littoral.fr/access/content/group/50b76a52-4e4b-4ade-a198-f84bc4e1bc3c/BULCO/Th%C3%A8ses/Toxicologie/these_Meausoone_Clemence.pdf.
Toluene is a solvent widely used in manufacturing industries. It belongs to a family of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), many of which have adverse impacts on human health and are classified as carcinogenic, mutagenic or toxic for reproduction. Different measures have been implemented to reduce the emissions of toxic compounds, such as their replacement in the industry by less harmful compounds and/or reducing gas emissions at the source. In this context, the first objective of the research was to investigate the acute toxicity and the one after repeated exposure to toluene and its superior homologous solvents, which can be used as its substitution compounds, as well as its lower homologous on human bronchial epithelial cells using an air/liquid interface exposure device. The second objective was to assess the toxicity of gaseous effluents from the degradation of toluene by catalytic oxidation. For this purpose, BEAS-2B cells were exposed during 1 hour for 1, 3 or 5 days to benzene, toluene, xylene or mesitylene, and to the exhausts of catalytic oxidation of toluene. Toxic effects were evaluated through cytotoxicity, inflammatory response and gene expression of xenobiotic metabolism enzymes (XME). Exposure of BEAS-2B cells to toluene and its homologous compounds revealed the involvement of metabolic pathways specific to each compound. A significant increase in inflammatory marker response was also observed, with a higher concentration after cell exposure to benzene and to xylene compared to the other molecules. With regard to exposure to gaseous effluents from the catalytic oxidation of toluene, the late expression of genes involved in the metabolism of aromatic organic xenobiotics has made possible to highlight the presence of by-products, such as benzene or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In conclusion, the results obtained in this project show the interest of conducting repeated in vitro exposures to detect potential late effects, and the importance of toxicological validation of catalytic systems before scaling-up in industrial pilots
Jacob, Florence. "Génération contrôlée et détermination de l'impact toxicologique des aérosols organiques secondaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILS078.
Chronic exposure to atmospheric particles with a diameter less than 2.5 μm (PM2.5) at concentrations exceeding the levels recommended by the World Health Organization is responsible for the onset and/or exacerbation of respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological, and even cancer-related diseases. Regulatory threshold values have been defined regarding the ambient mass concentration of PM2.5, but these values do not take into account the impact of variations in the chemical composition of particles on induced biological effects. Special attention has been given in the literature to certain recognized harmful compounds such as metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, some of which have been regulated. Nevertheless, other compounds are still poorly studied to date, even though they could also play an important role in particulate toxicity. This includes secondary organic aerosols (SOA), which constitute a major chemical fraction of PM2.5 and can represent up to 90% of their organic matter mass. They are formed through the reaction/oxidation/condensation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the atmosphere. A rise in ambient SOA concentration is expected in the future due to the simultaneous increase in VOC precursor emissions and the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere related to climate change. In this context, the present project first consisted in generating model SOA resulting from the oxidation of two VOCs that are widely present in the atmosphere, one of biogenic origin, limonene, and the other of anthropogenic origin, m-xylene. Limonene ozonolysis and m-xylene photooxidation were respectively carried out in a flow reactor and a simulation chamber. Two types of oxidations were tested for biogenic SOA synthesis: one with low ozone concentration and the other with high ozone concentration. The particulate phases were then characterized in terms of size (few hundred nm), mass, and chemical composition (hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxylic acid functions, oligomers for limonene; nitrophenols, dimers for xylene). In a second step, the intrinsic oxidative potential (OP) of the generated biogenic and anthropogenic SOA was evaluated, as well as their toxicological impact in terms of oxidative stress and inflammatory effects on a model of immortalized human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). The results obtained showed that among the biogenic SOA, those produced with low ozone concentration exhibit a more pronounced OP and antioxidant response. Furthermore, our results also indicate that, compared to these biogenic SOA, SOA resulting from m-xylene photooxidation have a higher OP and display greater cytotoxicity and activation of antioxidant defenses. In addition, oxidative damage to proteins and DNA was also detected in cells exposed to these SOA. Overall, the results from this project contribute to improving our knowledge on the chemical composition of SOA particulate phase and provide new insights into the mechanisms involved in their pulmonary toxicity
Mekki, Malik. "Caractérisation physico-chimique et évaluation toxicologique de fumées particulaires produites lors de tirs de petit calibre et de fumigènes : étude comparative." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR140/document.
Air pollution, and particulary anthropogenic particulate matter, is one of the most important risk factors involved in the high rate of morbidity and mortality related to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. In pyrotechnic field, be it professional, civil or military activities, smokes constitue an important particle producer playing a major role in particulate matter emmergence and thereby exposing users to the various emitted aerosols.The main purpose of this exploratory study was to provide knowledge on the physicochemical characteristics of particles emitted during pyrotechnic activities, more specifically particles from gunfire and smokes, and to assess their pulmonary toxicity in vitro.On the first hand, the physicochemical characterization demonstrates that firing particles had a rather coarse granulometry (3 to 7.5 μm) and were mainly composed of metallic elemets, despite smoke particles belong to the category of fine particles (< 0,95 μm) and are predominantly composed of different organic molecules according to the smoke type.On the other hand, in order to assess the pulmonary toxicity of particles, we exposed human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) in vitro to particles coming from either gunfire and to two of the four different smokes (smoke 1 and 4). The results of this study showed that some of these particles (gunfire and smoke 1 particles) induced a mutagenic effects from organic extracts, as well as cytotoxicity. Moreover, particles of smoke 1 were also able to give rise to an oxidative stress (increased HO-1 mRNA expression) and to initiate an important inflammatory response characterized by pro-inflammatory cytokine upregulation (increase in IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression).The results of this comparative study demonstrated that particles from gunfire and smoke have different particle sizes and chemical composition. These physicochemical characteristics are responsible for different mutagenic and cytotoxic effects as well as alterations of the intrinsic oxidizing and inflammatory properties. This study also made it possible to understand the different methods of toxicological evaluation of smoke particles
Chapuis, Yannick. "Oxydation photocatalytique des composés organiques volatils." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0020/MQ57398.pdf.
Roussé, Davy. "Chimie multiphasique des composés organiques volatils." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10161.
Stoian, Alina. "Modélisation et simulation de l'atmosphère d'une enceinte membranaire pour des tests de toxicité." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20026.
A major problem during in vitro evaluation of the toxicity of volatile organic compounds (VOC) is the lack of knowledge of the evolution of the concentration of such compounds during the course of experimental studies with living systems. This work presents the design of a novel experimental device for the study of cell culture exposure to VOCs. The device is made of two compartments separated by a porous hydrophobic membrane and allows relatively long durations of handling without restricting cellular breathing. A theoretical modeling which couples mass and moment conservation between the different phases inside the device with the breathing kinetics of hybridoma cells (ATCC CRL-1606) was developed. The model allows predicting the evolution of the concentration of the VOCs, the oxygen and the carbon dioxide inside the device. The simulations of the mass transfer of the VOCs simulated presented a good agreement with experiments and showed that the type of membrane and its diameter, the VOCs partition coefficient and the height of the liquid phase have a significant influence on the evolution of their concentration in the liquid phase. Nevertheless, the availability of oxygen for the cells depends mainly on the initial cellular density, the specific kinetics of consumption of this gas and on the height of the liquid phase, whereas the parameters related to membrane have an influence on the control of the pH
Ricquebourg, Emilie. "Etude de la réactivité et de la toxicité des particules de méthoxyphénols : analyse de leur action in vivo chez le rat en atmosphère contrôlée sur la fonction cardiaque et les paramètres du stress oxydant." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4711.
In general, inhalation of particles is at the origin of inflammatory and oxidative reactions who are responsible of the degradation of biological cellular constituents, and could have a strong cardiovascular impact. The wood combustion is a major source of semivolatile organic compounds such as the methoxyphenols (MPs) including coniferyl aldehyde (CA), syringaldehyde (SR), or acetosyringone (AS). The MPs are however few studies into literature while toxicity of other compounds also from biomass combustion, as carbon monoxide, soot and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon are intensively studies.This work has shown by GC/MS that aging in simulated atmosphere (ozone + light rays) degraded CA in secondary products less cytotoxic, studies on fribroblastes culture but keep the atmospherical level of SR and AS which have a toxicity proved.A device of MPs particle production original by atomization, with a check system (height, composition, weight) and exposition flow continuous (Ø~50 nm, N~7E4 particles/cm3, m~5 µg/m3) adapted to little animals, was developed and validated, allowed the first study in vivo with these molecules. Between 1 and 3 month of exposition to rat Wistar, show modified antioxidant defences and cardiac modification (ischaemia/reperfusion) principally with AS, then CA and less SR. The adaptatives processes (remodeling) are demonstrated after 5 month of exposition.Furthermore, it is showed in vitro on lung adenocacinum cell lines (A549), CA induced a monolayer destructuration and apoptosis (caspase 3) but no effect proinflammatory (IL8, Cox-2 and iNOS).To conclude, this work contributes to study the impact of MPs in vitro and in vivo
Kalogridis, Athina-Cerise. "Caractérisation des composés organiques volatils en région méditerranéenne." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112314/document.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are key components in atmospheric chemistry. They participate in photochemical reactions in the lower atmosphere and thus play a major role in the formation of tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosols. Biogenic VOCs (BVOCs) constitute approximately 90% of global VOC emissions. In the Mediterranean region, the emissions and reactivity of BVOCs are enhanced due to high temperatures and sunny conditions. In this context, this work proposes, through intensive field campaigns, the experimental characterization of BVOCs and their oxidation products in two rural sites where the vegetation is representative of the Mediterranean region. Within the framework of the CANOPEE program (ANR-JCJC 2011-2014) an intensive field campaign took place at the Oak Observatory of the Observatoire de Haute Provence (O3HP). Measurements of concentrations and emission fluxes were carried out in order to quantify the export of BVOC off the canopy and study in-Canopy processes. High concentrations of isoprene were measured with daily maximum ambient concentrations ranging between 2-16 ppbv inside the forest. According to the emission factor of 7.2 mg m-2 h-1 determined, downy oak forest of the O3HP is one of the strongest emitters of isoprene worldwide. Evidence of direct emission of methanol was also found exhibiting an average emission rate equal to 0.3 2 mg m-2 h-1. One of the strengths of this work consisted in the study of transport and intra-Canopy chemistry. In-Canopy chemical oxidation of isoprene was found to be weak and did not seem to have a significant impact on isoprene concentrations and fluxes above the canopy. The second field campaign is part of the ChArMEx (Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean Experiment) program. It took place on the remote site of Cap Corse, characterized by a strong diversity of plant species. The rich dataset obtained allowed the quantification and speciation of many BVOCs. A great contrast in the signature emissions was observed between the two study sites. Thus, while isoprene is responsible for over 90% of BVOCs in terms of concentrations at the O3HP, it represents only 35% of their total concentrations in Cap Corse. The remaining 65% are composed of many monoterpenes. These results have also highlighted the rapid chemistry of BVOCs and the importance of their contribution to the formation of secondary oxygenated compounds under intense photochemistry conditions, typical of the summertime in the Mediterranean basin. Biogenic BVOCs represented the dominant hydroxyl radicals sink at the O3HP as well as in Cap Corse. In the presence of NOx, the potential of the measured BVOCs to produce ozone has been estimated at about 10 ppbv on average
Yazbek, Waël. "Condensation de composés organiques volatils en lit fluidisé." Toulouse, INPT, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INPT018G.
Jorio, Hasnaa. "Biofiltration de l'air contaminé par des composés organiques volatils." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2000. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1818.
Ousmane, Mohamad. "Destruction catalytique à basses températures des composés organiques volatils (COV)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10034.
The aim of the work was to study two classes of catalysts for the complete oxidation of volatile organic compounds. The target application for air pollution control is the total abatement of VOC at low temperature. Mixed oxide Co3O4-CeO2, were prepared by co-precipitation method. Among them, the mixed oxide corresponding to Co/Ce atomic ratio close to 1, was the best performing. The participation of surface oxygen species and high bulk mobile oxygen were the factors determining the high activity of Co30Ce in the total oxidation of propylene and toluene. Au (2wt%) and Pd (1wt%) catalysts were prepared over typical reducible oxides, such as CeO2 and TiO2. For comparison, catalysts over Al2O3, were also prepared. Moreover, the effect on the activity of Au and Pd supported over Al2O3 doped by cerium, manganese, iron and titanium was investigated. The so prepared Au and Pd catalysts were compared in the total oxidation of propylene. It was found that the activity of gold catalysts supported over un-doped oxides varied in the order: Au2%/Al2O3 < Au2%/TiO2 < Au2%/CeO2, while a different trend was observed for palladium catalysts: Pd1%/CeO2 < Pd1%/Al2O3 < Pd1%/TiO2. For Au catalysts, the nature of the support and the extent of interaction with the support are the key factors in determining the activity, whilst for the Pd supported ones, the activity seems to be governed by the nature of Pd species, Pd0/PdO, present in the catalyst. Au2%/Ce5%/Al2O3 and Pd1%/Ce5%/Al2O3 appear the best samples. The enhanced catalytic performances were attributed to high-oxygen mobility due to a defective ceria structure induced by the insertion of Al3+ ions into the lattice and also strong metal-support interaction between nanoparticles highly dispersed
Erable, Benjamin. "Nouveau procédé de traitement de composés organiques volatils (COV) par biofiltration solide-gaz : application à la transformation des composés halogénés volatils par des micro-organismes déshydratés." La Rochelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LAROS145.
VOCs are undesirable atmospheric pollutants. However, the quality of the air became a major stake of our modern society. This awakening thus lead the industrialists to propose innovating processes of treatment to fight against the atmospheric emissions. The gas phase transformation of VOCs by dehydrated micro-organisms represents a new concept in bioremediation. For the first time, it was highlighted the possibility of using dehydrated bacteria such as Rhodococcus erythropolis NCIMB 13064 or Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 to transform volatile halogenated compounds into their corresponding alcohols in a solid/gaz biofilter. Works on a model reaction made it possible to optimize the cleansing activity of these bacteria. Various pretreatments were carried out on the bacteria in order to improve their catalytic performance in the biofilter. The bacteria undergo a permeabilization of their wall (by ultrasounds or lysozyme) before dehydration. Then, directly in the system of remediation, the bacteria are treated during a few minutes or uninterrupted with a basic gas flow (amoniaque for example) in closed loop. These treatments are essential for the stability of biological catalyst because they avoid the accumulation of chlorydric acid in the biofilter. The extension of the studies to other pollutants of the same family showed as the capacity of transformation of the solid/gaz biofilter is more efficient for the insoluble halogenated compounds
Melang, Me Nze Vanessa. "Préparation de nouveaux matériaux pour l'élimination catalytique des composés organiques volatils." Thesis, Poitiers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016POIT2272/document.
This work is devoted to the preparation of the new materials for the catalytic removal of volatile organic compound (VOC) : acetic acid. Decomposition of this gaseous molecule generate dangerous products such as CO2, acetone and formaldehyde. Removing acetic acid in aqueous phase is more difficult than gas phase. In fact, the presence of basic and redox catalysts like mixed oxides MgAl improve the oxidation of acetic acid reaction. This catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation and sol-gel methods. On each catalyst, cerium is deposited on the surface in order to improve their reducibility. MgAlCey_cp and MgAlCey_sg catalysts (y : 0.03% ; 0.07% ; 0.14% molar) have shown the increase of oxygen storage capacity (OSC) and number of strong basic sites because of various oxygen species (O22-, O2- and/or O2-) located on the surface of the materials and provided by ceria (CeO2). In fact, oxygen storage capacity of these catalysts is increased for MgAlCey_sg whereas a synergy effect appears for MgAlCey_cp. The results have shown that the reducibility of the catalysts is not related to the initial preparation method. However, basicity of MgAlCey_cp catalysts is higher than MgAlCey_sg. This basicity gives a high activity to co-precipitated catalysts which is limited by possible formation of carbonates during the oxidation reaction of acetic acid. Except for ceria, the best activity is obtained by MgAlCe0.14_cp and MgAlCe0.14_sg catalysts
Marcotte-Latulippe, Alexandre. "Caractérisation des composés organiques volatils émis lors du séchage de bois." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23565/23565.pdf.
Wood drying is essential for any use as a product. In effect, the equilibrium moisture of wood must satisfy the Canadian norms (Industrie Canada, 2005). However, during this process, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted in the environment. The compositions of the VOCs as well as the effects on human and on the environment need to be the scientific community. The aim of the present research was to collect and to identify the VOCs emitted during the conventional drying process of two wood speices: black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.)) at medium temperature, and the sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) by dehumidification with a heat pump at medium temperature. For black spruce, the total average of VOCs represent 0,196g/kgdry wood for the two experiment. The main non-polar VOCs were α-pinene (0,0435g/kgdry wood), β-pinene (0,0147g/kgdry wood), 3-carene (0,0044g/kg dry wood), β-phellendrene/limonene (0,069g/kgdry wood), β-myrcene (0,0009g/kgdry wood) and camphene (0,0007g/kgdry wood). The polar compounds were formaldehyde (0,001g/kgdry wood), methanol (0,0336g/kgdry wood), acetic aldehyde (0,0226g/kgdry wood), acetic acid (0,0145g/kgdry wood), methyl ethyl ketone (0,0149g/kg dry wood), methyl isobutyl ketone (0,0074g/kgdry wood) and acetophenone (0,0092g/kgdry wood). For maple sugar, the major VOCs emitted were the acetic acid (0,160g/kgdry wood), ethanol (0,055g/kg dry wood), propan-2-ol (0,021g/kgdry wood), butan-2-one (0,005g/kgdry wood) and acetic aldehyde (0,002g/kgdry wood). The total amount of VOCs produced as well as the effects on human health and on the environment need further investigations.
Blach, Philippe. "Nouveaux absorbants pour le traitement des emissions de composés organiques volatils." Littoral, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DUNK0139.
The present work reports the study of new absorbents for the treatment of the emissions of volatile organic compounds. Our objective was to show that cyclodextrins as absorbents allow the solubilization of VOC. We thus synthesized a range of sulfobutylated cyclodextrins randomly or specifically substituted having significant aqueous solubilities. We then proceeded to the characterization of the inclusion of organic compounds using these synthesized cyclodextrins and compared to commercial cyclodextrins by UV-Vis spectroscopy and NMR. The studies of trapping of VOC, in case of toluene, were carried out by static headspace and dynamic study. Finally, we presented the use of the sulfobutylated cyclodextrins in a biphasic catalysis organometallic reaction which represents a model of in situ destruction of the VOC trapped by cyclodextrins
Pochat-Bohatier, Céline. "Fermentation acétique : optimisation et étude des émissions de composés organiques volatils." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20169.
Blanchard, Olivier. "Exposition aux composés organiques semi-volatils reprotoxiques et neurotoxiques dans l'habitat." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REN1S088/document.
Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) include a large number of chemicals compounds used as active substances or additives in building materials and in many consumer products. SVOCs are ubiquitous in indoor environments and frequently detected in settled dust and indoor air. This work has investigated indoor concentrations of 57 target compounds in 30 French dwellings and measurements were used to test an equilibrium model to predict their partitioning in indoor compartments. The results showed a strong ubiquity of SVOCs in French dwellings. The highest concentrations were measured for phthalates and to a lesser extent for bisphenol A, synthetic musks, some pesticides and PAHs. These results confirm the interest to assess human exposure to SVOCs in the French dwellings. The work on the predictive model showed that octanol/air partitioning coefficient (Koa) is a good predictor to estimate SVOC concentrations in a large number of buildings. However, some limits were identified and a better estimation of the parameters used in these models is required
Fernandes, Nuno. "Contribution à l'étude de l'adsorption sur charbon actif d'un mélange gazeux de composés organiques volatils (C. O. V. )." Pau, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PAUU3024.
Adsorption equilibria of toluen, methyl-ethyl-ketone and isopropanol on activated carbon were investigated. Experimental isotherms were determined by the volumetric method. First single-component adsorption isotherms were obtained at four different temperatures when the air to be treated contained only one of these V. O. C. Then isotherms at 303 K were obtained when the air to be treated contained two of these V. O. C. The frequently used Toth model fits single-component adsorption data with good accuracy. The Toth equation parameters are described by temperature dependant expressions. The isosteric heat of adsorption of each component was derived from the four temperatures single-component isotherms. During binary mixtures experimental study the influence of mass of adsorbent and initial composition were investigated. According to an analysis of the variance of the system, a new representation of adsorption isotherms was proposed. Isotherms were thus represented by surfaces by plotting adsorbed amount versus the two VOC gaseous molar fractions. Binary mixtures adsorption isotherms were calculated using the Adsorbed Solution Theory. Three models were considered to describe activity coefficients of the adsorbed phase. The Spreading Pressure Dependant model which includes spreading pressure dependence through isosteric heats of adsorption does not fit experimental data very well. The UNIQUAC and NRTL vapour-liquid equilibrium models fit experimental data with much better accuracy. Especially NRTL because of its higher number of adjustable parameters
Cocquempot, Boris. "Composés organiques halogénés volatils en milieu marin : Origines biologiques et flux vers l'atmosphère." Brest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BRES2033.
The volatil halogenated organic compounds were studied at the same time in-situ, in the marine environment, and as the time of experiments in-vitro, with for objectives examining their origins and behaviour in coastal water, and also determining flows towards the atmosphere of them. In the marine environment work was undertaken in two distincts zones. On the continental shelf South-Brittany they allowed the description of the production of VHOC brominated by the diatoms ant that of CH2CII by the cyanobacteria. In the bay of Morlaix this work allowed the description of the role of the macroalgues as producer of brominated precursors (HOBr) and of the dissolved organic matter in the production of brominated VHOC. This study also made it possible to show the capacity of light to generate a direct production of these compounds. The fields of algae of bay of Morlaix are a relatively important source of biogenic VHOC for the atmosphere. This source could be quantified in term of flow. These flows present marked seasonal variations, they are maxima between the end of spring and the middle of the summer. Over one year the quantities exported (G ha-1 year-1) are included between 0, 8 for CH2CII and 166,2 for CHBr3. The experiments carried out in laboratories made it possible to show the importance of the physiology of the macroalgae in the production of VHOC. The presence of parasite like factor of increase or adaptation of the production was thus highlighted at C. Crispus and Gracilaria sp
Pripis-Nicolau, Laura. "Composés soufrés volatils du vin et métabolismes des bactéries lactiques." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR21005.
During malolactic fermentation the secondary metabolism of mactic acid bacteria (LAB) contributs in a notable way to the organoleptic modification of wine. Among the many substrates of wine we chose to study the sulphur amino acids. We show that, LAB are able to metabolize cysteine and methionine to form volatile sulphur compounds. However, after malolactic fermentation only the concentration of 3-(methylsulfanyl) propionic acid, compound resulting from the metabolism of methionine, presents a significant increase. Its formation by LAB could contribute to the wine aroma. More fundamental data were collected. They highlight the implication of simultaneous desamination and demethylation of methionine. Moreover, a transaminase the limiting step in interesting volatile sulphur compounds formation was characterized. Finally, this work led to the partial purification, characterization and sequencing of the enzyme responsible for transamination of methionine by OEnococcus oeni IOEB 8908
Filippi, Jean-Jacques. "Sulfuration des lactones : accès aux sulfanylalcools et à leurs dérivés hétérocycliques." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4082.
Volatile organosulfur compounds (VOSCs) have been of increasing interest in Flavour and Fragrance Chemistry since the late nineteen seventies. Analytical studies led to the chemical identification of several hundreds of volatile sulphur containing compounds in food, vegetables and many other natural matrices. Most of the compounds identified presented powerful organoleptic properties including olfactory notes combined with low odour thresholds. In addition, another part of this field of research comprises the synthesis of natural organosulfur compounds as well as their synthetic analogues. 1,3-sulfanyalcools are n outstanding class of VOSCs since they have been shown to provide a strong contribution to the aroma profile of natural matrices such as tropical fruits and wines. However, only fex work has been performed to study the organoleptic properties of their 1,4-analogues. In the present work, besides the study of the their organoleptic properties, we also considered 1,4-sulfanyalcools as synthetic precursors of heterocyclic compounds such as thiolanes and sultines. Moreover, our synthetic pathway to sulfanyalcools starting from lactones, led us to study the sulfarization step giving an access to lactone sulphur analogues such as thionolactones. As a part of our study, a new synthetic procedure of thionation including the use of a Lawesson’s reagent/hexamethyldisiloxane combination under microwave irradiation was developed. The whole synthetic work led to the preparation of a large variety of sulphur containing compounds which revealed a broad and interesting spectrum to the preparation of a large variety of sulphur containing compounds which revealed a broad and interesting spectrum of olfactory notes
Valette, Laurent. "Etude de nouvelles variétés de crucifères : importance des composés soufres volatils." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4024.
Romanesco cauliflower is one of the new recently available original vegetables. The initial aim of the present work deals with the analytical study of this species using GC and GC/MS. In the first part, the originality of the Romanesco aroma was characterized, revealing in particular the importance of hex-3(Z)-ènol and the absence of allyl isothiocyanate. The study of seeds also pointed out the outstanding role of the thermal degradation of the glucosinolates. The application of different analytical and chimiometric techniques to several novel cauliflower varieties demonstrated the real potential of aroma studies for species distinction and freshness control. The second part of this work presents the analytical study of a biologically active essential oil from an endemic Algerian Crucifer. The last Chapter elaborates of a new pathway for the synthesis of isothiocyanates from isocyanates using Lawesson’s reagent, under microwave irradiation and solvent-free conditions. This synthesis assisted in the identification of some isothiocyanates in the previous part
Zakharenko, Olena. "Spectroscopie THz de molécules atmosphériques : application à l'étude de composés organiques volatils." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10018/document.
We present the molecular spectroscopy results with the experimental developments and the analyses of high resolution spectra of molecules of atmospheric interest. We set up and tested a new frequency multiplication chain intended to extend the range of THz spectrometer in the PhLAM laboratory. The important parameters of the spectrometer, such as sensitivity, measurement precision and harmonic composition of the radiation source, were characterized using the rotational spectra of two simple molecules: formaldehyde and carbon monoxide. The extended analysis of rotational structure of HDCO, D2CO and 13C, 17O, 18O, and 13C18O isotopic species is also presented.Furthermore we studied the millimeterwave and terahertz rotational spectrum of 3 significant atmospheric molecules: methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone, the main oxidation products of isoprene, and ethyl nitrite, a combustion product of alcohol based fuels and of photochemical oxidation of volatile organic compounds. These complex molecules are characterized by different large amplitude motions. In particular, the methyl group torsion was modeled in the experimental accuracy for the ground and the lowest excited vibrational states for methacrolein and methyl vinyl ketone. We thus provide an essential information for the detailed analysis of infrared spectra, recorded by high-resolution infrared spectroscopy, in the atmospheric windows
Hadjoudj, Réda. "Procédé propre pour le traitement des composés organiques volatils par absorption sélective." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPL048N.
The present manuscript presents the classical steps for designing the clean gas-liquid absorption technique for the removal of chlorinated Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). The first step consists in determination of the vapour-liquid equilibrium of three chlorinated VOCs of industrial significance in three high-boiling solvents. Ln the second step, the diffusion coefficients of VOC in high-boiling solvent were measured. The comparison between correlations and experiment shows that the correlation of Wilke-Chang is in good agreement with the experiment for DCM. The last step concerned the performance of laboratory structured packed column for absorption of VOCs by a high-boiling solvent. The high efficiency were obtained showing, thus, the feasability of scrubbing technique to remove the chlorinated VOCs. The measurement of the mass transfer coefficient of structured packed column allowed to point up the particularity of such systems
Le, Bideau-Raillard Cécile. "Oxydation photocatalytique de composés organiques volatils : application au traitement de l'air intérieur." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2008.
An experimental research work is performed in order to remove volatile organic compounds from indoor atmospheres by photocatalytic oxidation. The first part deals with the choice of adapted photocatalytic systems among home-made materials and industrial products. Four photocatalysts are selected, all constituted of TiO2 deposited on various supports. The second part is devoted to the kinetic study of methyl ethyl ketone degradation over the four catalysts. The influence of different experimental parameters and materials characteristics is investigated. Reaction intermediates are identified and used to suggest a reaction pathway. A simplified mechanism and a reaction rate law are deduced. Experiments with other pollutants at low initial concentrations are carried out and allow us to conclude that photocatalytic oxidation is well-adapted for the purification of indoor air
Colomb, Aurélie. "Les composés organiques volatils dans les vallées alpines : sources, évolutions et transformations." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002GRE10209.
Sawka, Corinne. "Contamination des logements français en composés organiques semi-volatils en phase particulaire." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1B033/document.
Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) refer to a broad spectrum of molecules from different chemical families that have numerous properties. They can be used as pesticides, plasticizers, flame retardants, surfactants, lubricants, etc. Consequently, they are introduced in numerous applications in buildings or used daily by the entire population. Once emitted through evaporation or abrasion in the indoor environment or introduced from the outdoors, their chemical or biological degradation is limited, and they persist indoors. This persistence also explains why some SVOCs that were banned a few years ago are still detected in the air and dust inside buildings. In indoor environments, SVOCs are divided between the gas phase, airborne particles, and dust settled on floors and surfaces. SVOCs are of concern due to their established or suspected health effects and their widespread exposure through different environmental media and pathways. The objective of the thesis was to study the concentrations of 66 SVOCs on airborne particles (PM10) and 48 SVOCs in settled dust in two samples of dwellings randomly selected across France. PM10 were sampled during the nationwide housing survey carried out by the French Observatory of indoor air quality in 2003-2005. The dust samples were collected from vacuum cleaner bags during a nationwide survey carried out in French dwellings where at least one child aged 6 months to 6 years lived (2008-2009). The SVOCs to be analyzed had prior been selected using a ranking method based on their toxicity and indoor concentrations. The data analysis focused in particular on the identification of French specificities in terms of detected molecules and measured concentrations. It highlighted some determinants of exposure, e.g., influence of particle size, type of dust collected, dust bioaccessibility, which are not always considered and limit the comparability of results. The measured concentrations were also used to assess the health ranking implemented prior to this work and to confirm its relevance. The concentrations measured both in the air and in settled dust were compared to study the similarities in terms of concentrations and SVOC mixtures. Finally, the exposure doses to SVOCs were calculated for both a child and an adult to assess the respective contributions of inhalation and ingestion to these compounds in particulate phase in dwellings
Chrayteh, Mhamad. "Caractérisation physico-chimique de composés organiques volatils biogéniques et de leurs hydrates." Thesis, Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R054.
Our study deal on the physicochemical properties of molecules of atmospheric interest in the gas phase, in particular the microsolvation process, which could be useful to better understand what leads to the formation of secondary organic aerosols. We studied the mechanism of hydration of several oxidation products of monoterpenes, which include myrtenal and perillaldehyde, which are two unsaturated aldehydes of close structures, with the verbenone and the fenchone, which are two ketones. The structures of many conformers (up to 3 molecules of water bound to molecules) have been optimized by quantum chemistry calculations at MP2 / 6-311++G(d,p) and B3LYP-D3BJ / def2-TZVP levels of theory. The hydrates cohesion is done thanks to hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals interactions. We were able to evidence of the existence of many of them by supersonic jet mircowave spectroscopy in the range of frequencies 2 - 20 GHz and determine their experimental structure. For the myrtenal, we recorded and analyzed the pure rotation spectra, as well as those of isotopologists in natural abundance (13C and 18O ). With the support of quantum chemistry calculations, we have determined its molecular structure in the gas phase. Regarding the hydrates of myrtenal, we analyzed the spectra of 2 mono-, 2 di- and a trihydrate, while for perillaldehyde 4 mono- and 2 dihydrates are characterized. With ketones, we analyzed the spectra of 2 mono-, 2 di- and 1 trihydrate of verbenone, while for the microhydration of fenchone, we characterized2 mono-, 2 di- and 3 trihydrates. In order to confirm the structure of the complexes, we used water enriched with oxygen 18, which allowed us through the constants of rotation of the isotopomers to calculate the structure of the detected hydrates by determining the position of the oxygen atoms by calculating their substitution coordinates, as well an effective structure limited to the arrangement of water molecules around the substrate
Moufawad, Tarek. "Développement de nouveaux solvants de lavage pour l'absorption des Composés Organiques Volatils." Thesis, Littoral, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019DUNK0534.
The aim of this thesis was to develop new solvents for the absorption of volatile organic compounds (VOC). VOC are primary air pollutants generally used as solvents and emitted directly from industries. They have adverse health effects and some of them are classified as carcinogenic. Consequently, the reduction of the emissions of these pollutants remains a major challenge to reduce air pollution. Hence, our objective was to evaluate deep eutectic solvants (DES) as absorbents for VOCs. DESs represent a new generation of solvents that is formed by simply mixing two or more compounds. They can be produced from cheap, natural and biodegradable compounds. The preparation of these solvents is easy and is 100% atom efficient. This work was divided into three parts.The first part focused on the physicochemical properties of DES, such as density and viscosity. Analysis of the infrared spectra of DES and their pure compounds showed that hydrogen bonds are essential for the formation of DES. Their polarity was studied using the Nile red probe. In addition, solubility of various gases (CO₂, CH₄ and Ar) was measured as a function of temperature. The second part dealt with the evaluation of the aborsption capacity of DESs using static headspace coupled with gas chromatography. The determination of gas/liquid partition coefficient was performed for various VOC and DES at different temperatures. In addition, the influence of VOC mixtures on DES absorption capacities was determined. DES showed high absorption capacities for a variety of VOCs, without saturation even at high concentration. A new DES-cyclodextrin system was developed and showed improved absorption capacities due to the complexation ability of the cyclodextrin. The last part was oriented towards the industrial application of DESs. The absorption capacities of DESs were evaluated using a dynamic set-up which simulated an industrial absorption column. This set-up allows the modulation of the VOC flow rate, water content and column temperature. Finally, the regeneration of the absorbent was carried out by several absorption/desorption cycles without loss of absorption capacity. In conclusion, the overall results showed that DES have characteristics that allow them to be considered as promising solvents for VOC absorption
Le, Bechec Mickael. "Pollution de l’air intérieur : mesure, impact sur la santé et traitement par méthodes photochimiques." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3012/document.
The increase of human population, the modern agriculture and industrial development generate air pollution, which is nowadays worrying for health and environment. Since several decades, outdoor air pollution has been regulated giving rise a global decrease of pollution in the most important European cities. However indoor air pollution was neglected for a long time. Indeed with development of composite materials for building and furnishing, the number of air pollutants strongly increased together with their concentrations. Several studies have thus demonstrated that numerous volatile organic compounds (VOC) were detected indoor at much higher concentration than outdoor. Moreover, due to the modification of sedentary and urban lifestyles, the time spent in confined spaces like housing, working places and public transportation increases. It is less and less satisfactory to simply renew indoor air with outdoor air in most of urban agglomerations. Accordingly, new processes for air treatment are developed in order to decrease indoor air pollutant concentrations while limiting energetic consumption. Photocatalysis is an advanced oxidation process potentially interesting for VOC removal. After a short reminder on the societal context of atmospheric pollution, measurement and treatment methods are presented in chapters I and II. The following chapter gathers the results obtained on the development of new photocatalytic materials and on the measure of their efficiency. The first part of this chapter is devoted to an overview of photocatalytic reactors for gas solid reactions and summarizes the numerous problems arising from the comparison of different materials under various conditions, which are not always similar. In the second part, a composite material made of titanium dioxide encapsulated in a polymer film is characterized and used for the oxidation of a volatile compound used for agricultural fumigation, dimethyl disulfide. The spectroscopic analysis led to the optimization of the material as a function of its thickness and its titanium dioxide loading. A second innovative photocatalytic material made of pure TiO2 fibers is characterized by its mineralization ability of representative indoor air VOC (acetone, heptane, and toluene). The performance of this material is compared to that of a commercial one, Quartzel ® made of TiO2 deposited on quartz fibers, under strictly identical conditions. The two last parts of this chapter are at the interface between photochemistry and biology. In a first strep, bacterial inactivation by a smart textile where titanium dioxide particles coupled with a photosensitizer is studded under visible light. In the last part, the impact of indoor air pollution on skin cells is presented. A dedicated device allowing keratinocytes culture cells and skin biopsies exposures to controlled VOC concentrations is developed. It is thus possible to evidence and to determine the origin of the cellular response to this environmental stress. At last, new research projects for a near future are then presented. They concern the determination of reactive oxygen species involved in photochemical reactions and the development of new hybrid polymers encapsulating photosensitizing molecules. Prospective ideas at the interface of photochemistry and biology conclude this memory
Poirier, Laetitia. "Mise au point d'un nouveau modèle animal pour l'évaluation de la toxicité et de la perturbation du développement : application aux neurotoxiques organophosphorés." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/190924_POIRIER_920ywks761wp82ahfflr219ofgb_TH.pdf.
Organophosphorus insecticides (OP) are widespread toxic molecules targeting a key enzyme of neuronal transmission: acetylcholinesterase. The extensive use of OP is responsible for large environmental pollutions and OP would be associated to developmental perturbations in species with cholinergic nervous systems. The development of decontamination methods is crucial to limit OP poisoning. Enzymatic methods have been studied to overcome the limitations of chemical. A specific interest was drawn to the robust enzyme SsoPox, isolated from the archea Saccharolobus solfataricus, able to degrade OP. Its biotechnological properties were demonstrated with its resistance to many physico-chemical. An original animal model, the planarian, a freshwater worm with a cholinergic nervous system, was developed to validate the in vivo efficiency of the enzyme. Interest in using planarians relies on their unconventional regeneration capacity allowing to assess developmental perturbations. This model was first used to demonstrate the beneficial effects of the enzyme against OP acute exposure by improving the survival, mobility, regeneration and cholinergic activity of planarians. Then, a multigenerational study highlighted the chronic toxicity of insecticides, even used at sublethal doses, on planarians. Abnormalities, decreases in mobility or regeneration delays were observed and the use of the enzyme drastically reduced these alterations. Finally, the robust enzyme was immobilized into alginate beads to develop a filtration system. The efficiency of the device was demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo using planarians as biosensors
Fydrych, Peggy. "Caractérisation et comportement de lignites activés vis-à-vis de l'adsorption de Composés Organiques Volatils." Metz, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2001/Fydrych.Peggy.SMZ0109.pdf.
The main objective of this work presented in this thesis is to bring a contribution to the resolution of significant problems of air pollution generated by industrial activities. More particularly, our study is targeted on the adsorption of Volatile Organic Compounds (V. O. C. ) (Methanol (MET/Dicholoromethane (DCM) – Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEC)/Dicholoroethane (DCE) on active carbon (A. C). Several steps were laid down through this search : - the preparation of the active carbons starting from a lignite, which was successively nitrogen enriched by condensation with urea, carbonized and activated under steam at 800°C at variable burn off ratio. - the complete characterization of the samples was made by various methods : XPS, IR, porosity, elemental analysis. - the determination of the adsorption isotherms of several V. O. C. On these A. C. Indeed, the introduction of nitrogen on low-rank coals will confer different adsorptive properties of these materials. These properties were evaluated via the adsorption isotherms which provide many information on the behavior towards the V. O. C. , with the possibility of a comparative classification. - application of a mathematical model : L. S. E. R. (Linear Solvation Energy Relationship) in a double objective: characterization of the molecular interactions involved between V. O. C. And A. C; prediction of the selective capacity of the different A. C with respect to both selected pairs of V. O. C. (MET/DCM – MEC/DCE). Finally a significant criterion is the selected ability of the samples in the aim of a separation, even of a valorization of the recovered pollutants. It was found that these active lignites have capacities of adsorption higher than the one of a commercial A. C (CECA). More particularly they are strongly selective towards the pair of MET/DCM and can also separate MEC/DCE under certain optimized experimental conditions. The characteristics like the chemistry of surface, the type of interactions as well as the porosity seemed significant to know
Bessonneau, Vincent. "Étude de la variabilité spatio-temporelle de la contamination de différents environnements intérieurs par les composés organiques volatils." Rennes 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REN1S138.
The degradation of the indoor air quality can lead to numerous health ranging from headaches to respiratory disorders such as asthma. In our modern lifestyle, we spend approximately 90 % of our time indoors, where we are exposed to many polluants. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs), with more than hundred substances detected, represent a large part of the contamination. In addition, indoor environments contain multiple sources that lead to a heterogeneous contamination. This thesis work proposed a new approach for the classification of emissions, based on their spatial and temporal variability. The implementation of this approach in different indoor environments (homes, swimming-pools, hospitals) led to the development of sampling strategies, which could be used for monitoring programs, the assessment of concentrations levels of few VOCs, and the assessment of the main determinants of the contamination
Douard, Mathilde. "Méthodes lidar pour la détection des aérosols stratosphériques et des composés organiques volatils." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10055.
Azou, Albert. "Réduction des émissions atmosphériques de composés organiques volatils : absorption - adsorption - régénération in situ." Rennes 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REN1A117.
Song, Wenli. "Contrôle de l'émission de composés organiques volatils par adsorption en lit fluidisé circulant." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2003_MARANZANA_G.pdf.
At, Khen Nora. "Etude de la condensation de composés organiques volatils en présence d'un gaz d'inertage." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10146.
VOC controlling is a new challenge in the field of air pollution. The challenge nowadays lays in designing equipement and optimizing cleaning techniques upstream the processes. The study is carried out following two main directions: the development of a expertise on existing VOC abatement industrial facilities and an upstream search for caracterizing the heat and mass transfer in condensation for such gaseous mixtures in various types of exchangers. After a state of the art of the differents abatement techniques, tests are carried out on a vertical condenser equipped with smooth or longitudinally finned tubes. The mixture studied is composed of isopropyl alcohol and at least 80% nitrogen. The flow is modeled by the method of finite volumes using the classical film and equilibrium theories, using MATLAB. The model shows good results at low fluxes with the two methods and at higher fluxes with the film theory. Nevertheless, one observes, whatever the experimental conditions, the presence of fog in the bulk of the condensing gaseous mixture Those mist of liquid droplets are always carried with the flow downstream the condenser. This is the reason why the statutory regulations on VOC emission are often not respected with condensation process. From the results obtained , we propose different solutions to enhance the process performance
Philippe, Carole. "Microréacteur catalytique pour le traitement d'effluents gazeux pollués par des Composés Organiques Volatils." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0048/document.
This thesis project is part of the research and development of devices to fight against the emission of volatile organics compounds
Wang, Chao. "Oxydation catalytique des composés organiques volatils à l’aide de catalyseurs de type oxyde." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1332.
In this research works, composite oxides, noble metal supported oxides and noble supported MCFs were prepared, and their catalytic performances were investigated for the catalytic oxidation of vinyl chloride (VC). The Co-Ce composite oxide catalysts were prepared by citrate sol-gel methods, and tested for the activity of VC oxidation. The catalyst with high performance is the molar ratio of Co/Ce=7:3. The XPS analyse certified that the Ce introduction favored the presence of Co2+ and Ce3+ species, which changed the coordination environment of the oxygen lattice and generated more oxygen vacancies. At last, this catalyst exhibited a good performance and stability during 110 h of time on stream at 300 oC. Ru-modified cobalt oxides were prepared and studied for the VC oxidation. The XPS analyse certified that the Ru4+ will be in synergy with Co2+ concentration and this would also change the chemical coordination of oxygen on the surface. High relative proportion of Co2+ and Ru4+ will also devote to oxygen defects or vacancies. This would increased the catalytic activity and decrease the amount of chlorinated by-products.A novel heterostructured material, cobalt phosphate-SiO2 mesostructured cellular foams (CoPO-MCFs), was successfully synthesized by the in-situ growth method. The XPS confirmed a higher amount of surface oxygen species. The activation energy calculated from Arrhenius plots showed a lower value for VC oxidation. The influence of Co3O4 morphology, including cube and sphere, on catalytic activity of methylbenzene and vinyl chloride was studied. The Co3O4 cube had shown better activity and stability than that of the Co3O4 sphere. The cube structure, with Co2+ exposed on the surface, acted as the active site of the oxidation
Darracq, Guillaume. "Couplage de l’absorption dans une phase organique et de la biodégradation dans un réacteur multiphasique. Application au traitement de Composés Organiques Volatils hydrophobes." Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENCR0005.
Wallens, Sabine A. J. G. "Modélisation des émissions de composés volatils par la végétation." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/241310.
Fernandez, Bruno. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'une méthodologie d'analyse physico-chimique de composés odorants." Pau, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PAUU3018.
Pariselli, Fabrizio. "Evaluation in vitro de la nocivité des composés organiques volatils de l'air intérieur : développement d'une technique d'exposition dynamique." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05P643.
Hundreds of chemicals like volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are present in the indoor environment and are suspected to cause acute and chronic adverse health effects. At present, there is a lack of substantial information on toxicological effects caused by VOC mixtures at low concentrations; therefore, new experimental approaches should be designed to detect biological effects at typical indoor air concentrations. The aim of this PhD thesis was the in vitro evaluation of biological effects of low concentrations of indoor air pollutants. Toluene, benzene and formaldehyde were selected as representing key contaminants in indoor non-occupational environments. Human derived cell cultures, representing VOCs target organs were exposed to low concentrations of these air pollutants by means of an original exposure device, named CULTEX®, which permits the application of the volatile compounds directly on cell surface at the air/liquid interface. The exposition of cell cultures to low concentrations of selected volatile compounds, alone and in mixture, were able to initiate different biological effects in terms of toxicity, inflammatory response, oxidative stress and DNA damage. Further studies were performed in order to exploit the peculiarities of the exposure device: i. E. The combination of physical (UV) and chemical agents and the use of atmospheres generated in a climatic room by common construction materials
Braure, Tristan. "Etude en réacteurs à écoulement de cinétiques et mécanismes d'oxydation de composés organiques volatils." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10033/document.
This work aimed at improving our knowledge on the first steps of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation through the study of some biogenic volatile organic compounds (bVOC) oxidation reactions. Criegee intermediates which are formed in ozonolysis reactions are suspected to be involved in SOA formation and thus, their fate has first been studied through ozonolysis reactions of methylated alkenes in the gas phase. Rate coefficients and yields of the primary carbonyl and Criegee rearrangement products were determined for the ozonolysis reactions of 4-methyl-1-pentene, trans-2,2-dimethyl-3-hexene and trans-2,5-dimethyl-3-hexene at ambient temperature and pressure. Besides, limonene oxidation reactions by °OH radicals and ozone have been studied by determining their rate coefficients and by characterizing the particulate phase (nucleation thresholds; size distribution; aerosol yield) in the case of ozonolysis.The experimental setups consisted of laminar flow reactors which enable to study the first reaction steps (reaction times ranging from a few milliseconds to a few minutes) coupled with several analytical techniques for both the gas and particulate phases. In particular, the indirect detection of a Criegee intermediate was evidenced by the use of an organic scavenger ; rate coefficient and branching ratios for the limonene oxidation by °OH were studied over an extended temperatures range compared to literature data ; and the first steps of SOA formation during limonene ozonolysis were characterized
Ricquebourg, Emilie. "Etude de la réactivité et de la toxicité des particules de méthoxyphénols : analyse de leur action in vivo chez le rat en atmosphère contrôlée sur la fonction cardiaque et les paramètres du stress oxydant." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4711.
In general, inhalation of particles is at the origin of inflammatory and oxidative reactions who are responsible of the degradation of biological cellular constituents, and could have a strong cardiovascular impact. The wood combustion is a major source of semivolatile organic compounds such as the methoxyphenols (MPs) including coniferyl aldehyde (CA), syringaldehyde (SR), or acetosyringone (AS). The MPs are however few studies into literature while toxicity of other compounds also from biomass combustion, as carbon monoxide, soot and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon are intensively studies.This work has shown by GC/MS that aging in simulated atmosphere (ozone + light rays) degraded CA in secondary products less cytotoxic, studies on fribroblastes culture but keep the atmospherical level of SR and AS which have a toxicity proved.A device of MPs particle production original by atomization, with a check system (height, composition, weight) and exposition flow continuous (Ø~50 nm, N~7E4 particles/cm3, m~5 µg/m3) adapted to little animals, was developed and validated, allowed the first study in vivo with these molecules. Between 1 and 3 month of exposition to rat Wistar, show modified antioxidant defences and cardiac modification (ischaemia/reperfusion) principally with AS, then CA and less SR. The adaptatives processes (remodeling) are demonstrated after 5 month of exposition.Furthermore, it is showed in vitro on lung adenocacinum cell lines (A549), CA induced a monolayer destructuration and apoptosis (caspase 3) but no effect proinflammatory (IL8, Cox-2 and iNOS).To conclude, this work contributes to study the impact of MPs in vitro and in vivo
Klaeyle, Michel. "Etude cinétique des processus de dégradation thermique de la méthyl cétone, de l'acétate d'éthyle, de l'isopropanol, du n-hexane et du toluène entre 600 et 900° C en vue de leur incinération." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10104.
Tuduri, Ludovic. "Analyse de traces de composés organiques volatils dans l'air par microextraction sur phase solide." Pau, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PAUU3007.