Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Composés organiques soufrés Hydrothermal'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 21 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Composés organiques soufrés Hydrothermal.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Allioux, Maxime. "Etudes physiologiques et multi-omiques de métabolismes du soufre présents dans les écosystèmes hydrothermaux : Physiological and multi-omics studies of microbial sulfur metabolisms present in hydrothermal ecosystems." Thesis, Brest, 2021. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03789624.
Full textHydrothermal vents host a vast microbial diversity, both at the taxonomic and metabolic levels. These ecosystems are qualified as extreme, because they harbor harsh physico-chemical gradients. Sulfur is omnipresent in these environments, and it can be used by a large diversity of microorganisms for oxidation or reduction reactions.However, the sulfur cycle remains partially unknown in these ecosystems. The objective of this thesis was to study the poorly documented or thermodynamically predicted metabolisms of the sulfur cycle in hydrothermal ecosystems, namely the dismutation of inorganic sulfur compounds, the catabolism of organosulfur compounds and the comproportionation of sulfur. Four new inorganic sulfur compound disproportionating taxa were discovered during this study and extensive genomic analyses were conducted to decipher the pathways of inorganic sulfur compound dismutation. Comparative genomics analyses identified a gene cluster potentially involved in elemental sulfur dismutation in marine hydrothermal bacteria, but this result will need to be confirmed by functional approaches.Finally, the microbial communities of the geographically isolated hot springs from the Kerguelen Islands were studied by metagenomics, revealing the presence of many new lineages of bacteria and archaea in these previously unstudied habitats
Berrada, Khalid. "Synthèse d'oligomères téléchéliques isomoléculaires soufrés et leurs applications dans les polyuréthannes." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20061.
Full textPripis-Nicolau, Laura. "Composés soufrés volatils du vin et métabolismes des bactéries lactiques." Bordeaux 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR21005.
Full textDuring malolactic fermentation the secondary metabolism of mactic acid bacteria (LAB) contributs in a notable way to the organoleptic modification of wine. Among the many substrates of wine we chose to study the sulphur amino acids. We show that, LAB are able to metabolize cysteine and methionine to form volatile sulphur compounds. However, after malolactic fermentation only the concentration of 3-(methylsulfanyl) propionic acid, compound resulting from the metabolism of methionine, presents a significant increase. Its formation by LAB could contribute to the wine aroma. More fundamental data were collected. They highlight the implication of simultaneous desamination and demethylation of methionine. Moreover, a transaminase the limiting step in interesting volatile sulphur compounds formation was characterized. Finally, this work led to the partial purification, characterization and sequencing of the enzyme responsible for transamination of methionine by OEnococcus oeni IOEB 8908
Darwis, Djaswir. "Arylation de nucléophiles soufrés, phosphorés et halogénés catalysée par des complexes du nickel et du palladium." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20011.
Full textAnocibar, Beloqui Ángel. "Contribution à l'étude des composés soufrés volatiles des vins rouges." Bordeaux 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998BOR20611.
Full textMessalhi, Abdelrani. "Etude des compétitions d'adsorption de composés azotés et soufrés dans des conditions industrielles d'hydrotraitement catalytique." Montpellier 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON20189.
Full textLegrand, Paul. "Traitement de composés soufrés organiques récalcitrants par biofiltration : optimisation des conditions opératoires pour une application industrielle." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20071.
Full textOdorous emissions are a serious concern whose importance became higher in urban and industrial areas. Anthropogenic emissions of sulphur compounds lead to local concentration that exceeds strongly the odour threshold of human nose. In order to fulfil legal requirements that have become stricter in recent years, biological processes and biofiltration more accurately are an interesting alternative as biofilters provide an expanding variety of opportunities for economical and environmentally friendly solutions for many waste gas emissions. The odour thresholds of sulphur compounds are very low (µg.m3 air) and then require that biofilters provide high removal efficiency as the residual concentration can induce an odorous impact on neighbourhood populations.Hence, the study consisted in improving biofilters performances concerning sulphur compounds treatment i) by upgrading important operating parameters such as air flow distribution, pH and inoculation of packing material, ii) by considering biofilters design (laboratory and semi-industrial pilot units) and iii) the gaseous effluent complexity (only one pollutant and mixture of different compounds)
Durand, Pascale. "Taxonomie des bactéries oxydant les composés soufrés réduits en milieu hydrothermal profond : cas du sud-ouest Pacifique." Brest, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BRES2008.
Full textVallet, Amélie. "Etude de la synthèse des composés soufrés volatils issus du catabolisme de la méthionine par Œnococcus œni." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21479.
Full textWiromartono, Wiranto. "Étude des relations entre la structure chimique de quelques additifs organiques soufrés et leurs propriétés extrême-pression et les dérivés soufrés en lubrification." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066154.
Full textLoison, Aurélie. "Recherches sur l’origine de la vie : synthèse prébiotique de composés organiques simples dans des conditions simulant des sources hydrothermales sous-marines." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/LOISON_Aurelie_2010.pdf.
Full textThe aim of this thesis was to evaluate the potential for prebiotic chemistry of the conditions prevailing in the vicinity of black smoker-type hydrothermal vents, which are deep sea environments rich in H2S and transition metal sulfides. We have studied and disclosed a complex pathway, which could be involved in the first steps of life on earth, by means of laboratory simulation experiments involving the constituents of the fluids emitted at these vents, CO, H2S, NiS and NH4+, some simple raw materials and prebiotic plausible compounds. The abiotic synthetic process elucidated in this thesis leads to organic compounds of prebiotic interest comprising mono or bi-functionalized molecules, potentially with any chain length, such as thiols, alkyl sulfides, aldehydes, ketones, thioesters, thioacids, dithioacetals, alpha-sulfido carboxylic acid derivatives, amino acids with various alkyl chains and carboxylic acids with linear or branched chains. Besides, the highlighted synthesis of n-carboxylic acids containing up to four carbon atoms opens a pathway for the prebiotic formation of linear lipidic amphiphilic compounds, which are potential precursors of membrane constituents. On the basis of experiments involving organic compounds with key chemical functionalities, in addition to CO, H2S, NiS and NH4+, we suggest an iterative mechanism based on homogeneous catalysis with nickel carbonyl complexes. The crucial step of the disclosed synthetic process leads to the abiotic C-C bond formation, via the insertion of CO in C-S bonds. Aldehydes and ketones are the key intermediates of this pathway
Castanheiro, Thomas. "Synthèse d’hétérocycles soufrés par réactions domino métallo-induites." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF046/document.
Full textThe objective was to develop new accesses to original sulfur heterocycles involving metal-mediated processes.The first study allowed the development of new palladium-mediated syntheses of original sulfur heterocycles involving a 5 or 6-exo-dif cyclocarbopalladation reaction followed by a C-C crosscoupling. Starting from pre-organized sulfur substrates containing a C-C triple bond, we have synthesized original benzene-fused sulfur rings bearing an exocyclic, stereodefined, all-substituted double bond. In a second study, we have developed a new synthesis of aryl thiocyanates starting from thiols or disulfides using for the first time CuCn as S-cyanation agent. Then, this method taking place through a copper-mediated oxidative coupling, under mild conditions, was integrated in a three-component domino reaction involving a 2-aminobenzene disulfide, copper cyanide and an electrophile allowing the synthesis of polyfunctionalized 2-aminobenzothiazoles in good yields
Tannous, Johny. "Lubrification par les composés organo-soufrés en phase gazeuse : Approche de la lubrification dans la coupe dees métaux." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/TH_T2090_jtannous.pdf.
Full textThe organo-sulphur compounds are used as extreme pressure (EP) and anti-wear (AW) additives in several industrial applications and particularly in metal working lubrication. In these kinds of applications in boundary lubrication, the severe conditions of friction (high temperatures and pressures) generate phenomena of seizing and thus cause important wear and welding between the contact surfaces. To solve these problems, AW/EP additives as the sulphur compounds are added to the base oils in order to reduce wear, friction and the pressure effect between the contact surfaces. These sulphur molecules act on metal surface to form metal sulphides containing tribofilms. The chemical composition of these tribofilms is not clearly identified and the reactions mechanisms are still largely unknown. In this work, we develop an original approach to simulate the boundary lubrication of the sulphur compounds in liquid phase by the gas phase lubrication with an environmentally controlled tribometer. The approach by gas phase lubrication confirms the results obtained in liquid lubrication showing a difference of tribological behaviours between the alkanethiols and polysulphides. These organo-sulphur compounds (alkanethiols and polysulphides) decompose under shearing effect, only on activated metallic surface, to form a tribofilm. The tribological properties are related to the nature of tribofilms composed of iron sulphides (FeS/Fe1-xS) in the case of the alkanethiols, a mixture of iron sulphides (FeS/Fe1-xS) and iron disulphide (FeS2) in the case of polysulphides. The difference in behaviour seems related to the tribofilms structure. The iron sulphides (FeS/Fe1-xS) have a lamellar structure which confers to them good friction reducing properties in comparison with iron disulphide (FeS2) which has an orthorhombic structure, the latter does not give any effect on friction reducing. The iron disulphide (FeS2) seems to have an important effect under severe conditions in order to prevent welding of surfaces. These new results are significant and have never been observed before by traditional approaches
Alves, de Sousa Rodolphe. "Composés organiques soufrés bis-fonctionnalisés par deux soufres à des degrés d'oxydation différents : synthèse et réactivité vis-à-vis de complexes Zn(N2S2) apparentés à des motifs doigts de zinc." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05S002.
Full textCysteines play a key role in biological systems since they have very high affinity for metal in proteins and are easily oxidized into disulfide or more oxidized species. Compounds functionalized by two sulfurs at two different oxidation states were synthesized either by deprotecting p-sulfanyl ethylester derivatives or by alkaline hydrolysis of cyclic thiosulfinate and thiosulfonate. Zn(N2§2) complexes with imine, amine or amidate nitrogen ligands were prepared. Their oxidation with DMD or L^Oa leads to bis-sulfonates as free ligands, except for the bis-imine bis-sulfonate complex that retains zinc. The reactivity of these complexes toward linear and cyclic thiosulfinates or thiosulfonates showed that the bis-amidate complexes were the only ones to react, leading to the free bis-thionylated ligands. Monitoring the release of zinc by UV-vis enables to classify the thiosulfonates according to their reactivity and to propose that the release of zinc occurs after the first thionylation
Nguyen, Van Phuc. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation des interactions entre H2S et les hydrocarbures. Formation de composés organo-soufrés et effets cinétiques en gisement." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0292/document.
Full textH2S can be a dominant gas in carbonate petroleum reservoirs. However, researches on the influence of H2S on the oil stability are limited in literature. In this thesis, interactions between hydrocarbons (oils, model compounds) and H2S were studied by confined pyrolysis in gold cells from 310 to 350°C under 700 bar. Results of pyrolysis of oil (free of sulfur) in presence of H2S lead to highlight a new pathway of formation of organic sulfur compounds in oils. Pyrolysis of binary mixtures n-octane/H2S and alkylbenzène/H2S allowed to propose different radical reactions for the generation of main sulfur products, namely, thiophene, thiols, thiacycloalkanes, alkyl-thiophenes in the first case ; thiol-aromatics, alkyl-benzothiophenes in the second. Results obtained in the mixture n-octane/H2S led to construct and validate a detailed mechanistic model. The mechanism shows that pyrolysis of n-octane/H2S occurs in long chain and H2S has an inhibition effect on the consumption of n-octane at temperatures above of 320°C, but accelerate the reaction rate strongly at low temperatures. Extrapolation of the kinetic model to geological temperatures and pressures (150-200°C, 700 bar) shows that H2S can significantly influence the composition and stability of hydrocarbons. It is also proposed to apply the model to study the reactivity of H2S under conditions of enhanced recovery (steam injection, pyrolysis) or of geological storage in depleted petroleum reservoirs
Imani, Zeynab. "Le rôle d’interactions N-H···S proximales dans des peptides." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASF015.
Full textNon-covalent interactions play a key role in chemical biology phenomena such as the stabilization of protein tertiary and quaternary structure or protein-protein and protein-substrate recognition. Among these interactions, the classical amide-type NH···O=C hydrogen bond has been thoroughly studied. The study of other types of non-covalent interactions implicating peptide backbone NH groups is much rarer. This work focused on the impact of NH···S hydrogen bonding on the conformational preferences of thioether amino acid residues and their short oligomers. A panel of capped derivatives of the following non-canonical sulfur-containing amino acids was prepared: Cys(Me) (acyclic), Attc (thietane), Atlc (thiolane), Atc (thiane). These derivatives were characterized computationally, by IR/UV double resonance laser spectroscopy in the gas phase, by IR and NMR spectroscopy in solution, and in the solid state. We demonstrated the concomitant existence of inter-residue C6ˠ NH···S hydrogen bonds and C5 NH···O=C interactions in each of these four compounds. This combined stabilizing feature was also prevalent in Attc oligomers. A different intra-residue C5ˠ NH···S hydrogen bond was characterized in short oligomers of Atlc and Atc, in some cases associated with a ˠ-turn NH···O=C interaction. The significance of NH···S bonding in the combined C5-C6ˠ structural feature of Attc was evaluated by comparison with capped derivatives of other four-membered ring amino acids: Ac4c (cyclobutane), Aatc(Me) (azetidine), Aotc (oxetane). The C5–C6ˠ feature was present in the three heterocyclic residues: comparison of their IR spectra in gas phase and in solution, aided by theoretical calculations, allowed us to identify an increasing strength of NH···X hydrogen bonding from X=O to X=S to X=N
Kanan, Rami. "Développements méthodologiques pour l’extraction et l’analyse des polluants organiques d’intérêt pour l’environnement marin : application aux hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14731/document.
Full textThe presence of hydrocarbons in the environment either as a result of oil spills at sea or due to chronic discharge is a major concern because of their ecotoxicity and their potential to bioaccumulate and thus enter the food chain. Therefore, these molecules are closely monitored and reliable analytical methods are required to identify and quantify them, for concentrations ranging from mg/L to ng/L. However, in most cases, laboratory analyses of hydrocarbons, especially aromatic hydrocarbons, are limited to the quantification of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) identified by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) as hazardous to the environment due to their carcinogenic nature. However, polycyclic aromatic sulphur heterocycles (PASHs) and their substituted homologs are, in chemical terms, structurally similar to PAHs, and therefore can pose similar environmental risks, i.e. they can be carcinogenic or mutagenic. In this context, the research work carried out aims to develop methodologies for the extraction and analysis of a wider range of PAHs, PASHs and their alkyl derivatives directly in oil or dissolved in the aqueous phase. Extraction protocols by stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and solid phase microextraction (SPME), and methods of analysis by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and with tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS-MS) have been developed. The results argue in favor of these methodologies both in terms of linearity of the response and in terms of sensitivity. These methodologies that have been successfully applied for the determination of analytes of interest in the water accommodated fraction and water soluble fraction prepared in the laboratory (WAF and WSF). For GC-MS-MS, while it is particularly suitable because it provides an additional level of selectivity, it is a difficult technique to implement, in particular in the case of molecules for which no calibration solutions are available. To overcome this difficulty, a reference oil containing all the target molecules was characterized. For alkylated compounds that are not commercially available, approximations were made by simple MS, based on comparative analysis of response coefficients in MRM (Multiple Reaction Monitoring) and SIM (Single Ion Monitoring) modes. The finalized method was used to characterize the Erika fuel oil, with low variability in the results. This product can be used as a reference for the quantitative analysis of all the families of molecules identified in this study
Mohanu, Antoneta. "Nouveaux squarates de vanadium (+III et +IV) : structures ouvertes d'oxalates de lanthanide (+III) et d'amines protonées." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30101.
Full textIn this work, are grown by hydrothermal synthesis some single crystals of three new vanadium squarates and ten new open-framework lanthanide oxalates containing as a template the protonated amine. All the compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. The first two structures of vanadium squarates consist of dimeric species. Concerning the third one, it is a layer where the vanadium atom is bound to two fluorides leading to infinite chains, connected by squarate ligands. Ferromagnetic interactions are present for the first dimeric species and antiferromagnetic interactions for the layer. Concerning the lanthanide oxalates, the host frame leads to a very open-architecture with partially intersecting channels of cross-section either square or pentagonal or hexagonal. The amine-cations and the free water molecules are localized within these channels. The dehydration process of the family (CN3H6)2[Ln2(H2O)2(C2O4)4]. 3H2O is partially reversible
Lemoine, Gaëtan. "Étude expérimentale et numérique d’écoulements réactifs en conditions hydrothermales : mélanges de fluides et précipitation de sels." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0235/document.
Full textHydroThermal Oxidation (HTO) is one of the technologies applied for radio-contaminated organic liquid waste treatment. HTO uses the peculiar properties of supercritical water to achieve a complete destruction of organic compounds within very short residence times in continuous compact reactors. A thermohydraulic model, coupled with combustion kinetics, was previously developed by the CEA, and implemented using CFD software ANSYS Fluent. In order to improve the description of the flow in continuous HTO reactors, mixtures density measurements allowed to find a model fitting these experimental data. This model was consequently incorporated into the previous numerical simulation. The issue of mineral salts precipitation was also taken into account, by an experimental methodology allowing to acquire solubility data of model compounds, and also to collect and characterise the deposit obtained after precipitation of these compounds in an ad hoc continuous device. This experimental work was followed by the implementation of these precipitation and deposition phenomena in the numerical model
Picard, Magali. "Recherches sur le bouquet de vieillissement des vins rouges de Bordeaux : Etudes sensorielle et moléculaire d’un concept olfactif complexe." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0299/document.
Full textA wine with ageing potential is noticeable by its ability to improve over time, expressing the aromatic complexity particularly expected by wine tasters. The development of wine ageing bouquet, the "signature" of the organoleptic quality of fine wines aged in bottle, is one of the most fascinating but least known phenomena in oenology. Indeed, both its sensory and molecular markers are poorly documented.A three-step holistic approach made it possible to decipher the sensory characteristics of the ageing bouquet of red Bordeaux wines. More precisely, a shared sensory definition emerged among wine professionals, structured around eight main aromatic notes: "undergrowth", "truffle", "fresh red- and black berry fruits", "spicy», "liquorice", "mint», "toasted" and "empyreumatic". Furthermore, the importance of expertise based on oenological knowledge, sensory skills, and lexical capabilities in defining olfactory concepts was highlighted. A molecular study, targeting specific classes of aromatic compounds formed and/or preserved during bottle ageing, identified dimethyl sulphide, 2-furanmethanethiol and 3-sulfanylhexanol as key contributors to the typicality of wine ageing bouquet. These volatile compounds were present in the highest concentrations in all wines with an ageing bouquet and participated more specifically in their undergrowth, truffle, and empyreumatic aromas. Subsequently, wine fractionations and aromatic reconstitutions, analyzed by both GC-O and GC-MS, were used to identify D,L-piperitone, a monoterpene which was shown for the first time to be involved in the typical mint nuances in the ageing bouquet of red Bordeaux wines. Finally, influence of some parameters of “terroir” was highlighted. Isotope ratio measurement (δC13) in ethanol of studied wines was used as an indicator of vine water status and revealed that a moderate to severe water deficit was in favor to the genesis of a wine ageing bouquet. Interestingly, the sensory difference in minty character observed in red Bordeaux wines apparently originated from grapes, as D,L-piperitone levels were significantly higher in wines where Cabernet Sauvignon was dominant
Uteyev, Rakhim. "Etude thermodynamique et expérimentale du cycle géochimique du soufre dans les bassins sédimentaires." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10018/document.
Full textSulfur occurs in petroleum systems as both organic compounds and minerals as well as under different oxidation states. It is involved in a number of redox reactions which may impact the quality of crude oils (through sulfurization or desulfurization reactions) and natural gas (through the generation of H2S during thermochemical sulfate reduction), as well as the petrophysical properties of reservoir rocks (through the dissolution of anhydrite and the precipitation of elemental sulfur and pyrobitumen). These reactions are controlled by temperature (and to a lesser extent pressure), the redox conditions, and the overall chemical composition of the system representing the petroleum reservoir. The thesis consists of three parts: (1) a thermodynamic study of chemical reactions involving sulfur which occur in sedimentary basins; (2) an experimental simulation of sulfurization and desulfurization reactions of organic compounds, as well as of thermochemical sulfate reduction; and (3) a petrographic and fluid inclusion study of carbonate rock samples from a sulfur-rich hydrocarbon reservoir of the northern Caspian Sea