Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Comportements THM'
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Agboli, Mensan. "Étude expérimentale de l'impact de la propagation et de l'autocolmatage des fissures sur la perméabilité à l'eau et au gaz de l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0070.
Full textThe excavation of underground galleries generally results in a zone damaged by fractures. In the context of the storage of radioactive waste in deep clay layers, this network of fractures desaturates the host rock and causes it to lose its confinement properties (very low permeability, good mechanical strength). This thesis focuses on the Callovo-Oxfordian claystone (COx), a geological formation chosen in France (Bure, Meuse/Haute-Marne) for its potential as a containment barrier for radioactive waste. Using an experimental approach, the impact of crack propagation and self-sealing on the water and gas permeability of the COx claystone was studied. Self-sealing tests were carried out on cylindrical specimens artificially fractured under X-ray tomography, under different orientations (parallel and perpendicular to the bedding plane) and temperatures, with different calcite contents, different opening widths of the initial fracture, and with the injection of different fluids such as water and gas. The objective being to better understand the impact of these different factors on the self-sealing process of the COx claystone (changes in permeability and fracture closure). Furthermore, fracturing tests with measurement of gas permeability were also carried out for the two orientations in order to study the impact of microcracking damage on the hydraulic properties of the COx claystone. It has been observed that the mineralogical composition of the claystone plays a determining role in the effectiveness of self-sealing. High calcite content, combined with low clay content, has been identified as a limiting factor, thereby compromising the rock's ability to self-seal effectively. To guarantee effective sealing, it is necessary that the calcite content remains below 40%. In general, the self-sealing process is rapid at the start of the test and then stabilizes after a month. The water permeability of the samples is partially restored (~10-18-10-19 m²) compared to the initial permeability of healthy claystone (i.e. without fracture) (~10-20- 10-21 m²) and the closure of the fracture is almost complete. Furthermore, the self-sealing process appears to be equally effective for both parallel and perpendicular orientations. The impact of temperature on the self-sealing process has not been clearly demonstrated. Regarding the simultaneous injection of inert gas and water, our study demonstrated a retarding effect on the reduction of water permeability, mainly due to gas-induced desaturation. Despite this delay, the self-sealing process proved effective, inducing a significant reduction in permeability. The fracturing tests (triaxial compression tests) showed that the gas permeability gradually decreases for both orientations with increasing deviatoric stress, illustrating the closure of the initial cracks due to the axial compression of the samples. For higher deviatoric stresses, a significant increase in gas permeability is observed near the dilatancy threshold, particularly in samples oriented parallel to the bedding plane. This suggests a close link between the opening of microcracks and the increase in permeability
Manzoni, Florent. "Comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique des structures en béton." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30311.
Full textWithin the framework of the future underground disposal structures of Intermediate Level Long-Life nuclear wastes steered by Andra (the French National Agency for Nuclear Waste Management), the delayed behaviour of High Performance Concrete (HPC) under variable Thermo-Hydro-Mechanical (THM) solicitations is studied to predict the long-term performance of the structures. The study contains three parts that aim to improve knowledge of each THM solicitation and their couplings effects. First of all, a model based on experimental results is proposed to explain and simulate the Thermal Transient Deformation (TTD) with a Thermo-Mechanical coupling using water movements between two porous types (C-S-H nanopores and capillary pores). Secondly, the study of delayed strain of a HPC at 20 °C in autogenous or desiccation (50% RH) conditions are led under variable mechanical stress, moderate and intense levels of loading, and different samples geometries (cylinder 11 x 22 cm3 or ring) in order to verify, in one hand, the capacity of the model to reproduce the strains evolutions under loading whatever the history of loading, the level of loading, and the concrete consolidation state, and, in the other hand, if the model fitted on cylinders results is able to simulate the behaviour of a circular geometry analogous to the Andra's tunnel, but at a reduced scale (1/25th). Finally, the last part of this research consists of simulating the desiccation strain. In this part, the need resorting to a hydric damage modelling and to consider the loading effect amplification is shown. Finally, the model is tested on strains measured during this study and on literature data. This work allows to improve the understanding of the physical phenomena at the origin of delayed strains, and to propose a model which integrates THM couplings and able to simulate structure behaviour under various solicitations over space and time
Lareyre, Olivier. "P2P, une intervention de pair à pair visant à prévenir le tabagisme de lycéens professionnels : quel rôle de la Théorie du Comportement Planifié dans le maintien des comportements de santé ?" Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30074/document.
Full textIn France, the issue of youth smoking remains a major challenge for public health. If peer pressure may encourage smoking, the peer education also has a positive potential to change smoking behavior of adolescents. In addition, it was demonstrated that the theory of planned behavior (TPB) gave the best prediction of intentions and behaviors in many domains of health. However, the TPB is usually not used to develop interventions against tobacco. In the P2P program, voluntary professional school students have designed and built their own TPB-based intervention (with the help of trained educators), aimed at reducing smoking peers. Our goal was to measure the impact of one year of P2P on a population particularly vulnerable professional students. The main hypothesis is that P2P avoids the increasing of daily smoking during the year in the intervention group compared to the control group
Chabot, Armelle. "OUTILS D'ANALYSES DU COMPORTEMENT MECANIQUE DE MULTICOUCHES." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nantes, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00848650.
Full textBucur, Dorel. "Autrui : comportement, corps, chair : (chez Maurice Merleau-Ponty)." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO30015.
Full textHusserl’s late philosophy is confronted with a paradoxical necessity: founding this philosophy on a community of subjects. At the same time, the Husserlian phenomenology shows out the person sitting behind phenomenological reflection but also the Other in which the phenomenological philosopher tries to find assistance. Thus, along with the emergence of the phenomenology, the problem of the Other is placed at the core of the philosophy directly connected to the question of the subjectivity. The question of the Other, despite not being the central point of his philosophy, is constantly present in the Merleau-Ponty’s philosophy. If in the Husserl’s Fifth Cartesian Mediation the most difficult problem concerning the question of the Other is precisely the fact that this question is being asked by what it seems to be an autosufficient subjectivity, in The Structure of Behavior, the notion of the behavior as structure (Gestalt) accomplishes already a decentering of the human subjectivity, freeing the ground for the question of the Other. In the Phenomenology of Perception, this work of decentering is being continued with the analysis of the body, showing that the corporeal subjectivity precedes the conscience. Finally, in The Visible and the Invisible, Merleau-Ponty investigates the question of the Other along with the question of Being. In reevaluating the notion of structure, it is now not only a question of subjectivity but of how the reflection limits itself to a positive questing of the Being. The incarnation implies a degree of negativity that reflection has to presume and the very consequence of that is there’s no longer a privileged place for a constitutive subject (ego). In the Being of flesh, there’s no longer a privileged place for me, or for the other, or for our relation. It’s only in its final philosophy of the flesh, the indirect ontology, that the question of the Other can be accepted with all its constitutives paradoxes
CUISINIER, Olivier. "COMPORTEMENT HYDROMÉCANIQUE DES SOLS GONFLANTS COMPACTÉS." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004524.
Full textPour atteindre cet objectif, deux types d'œdomètre à succion contrôlée, soit par la méthode osmotique, soit par la technique des solutions salines saturées, ont été utilisés, les œdomètres à solutions salines ayant entièrement été développés pour ce travail.
Le support de l'étude est un matériau gonflant compacté. Les essais réalisés montrent en premier lieu que la pression de préconsolidation apparente atteint une valeur constante à partir de 38,5 MPa, dans le domaine des fortes succions. Par contre, la pente de compression plastique varie de manière non monotone en fonction de la succion appliquée. La variation de ces deux paramètres apparaît fortement liée à la structure initiale des éprouvettes. Par la suite, l'influence des sollicitations hydriques complexes a été étudiée, ce qui a permis de montrer que les résultats d'un essai sur un sol gonflant dépendent du chemin de contrainte hydrique même lorsqu'une humidification est réalisée en cours d'essai. L'interprétation de ces résultats dans le cadre des modèles de Barcelone a ensuite été proposée afin d'évaluer les possibilités de chacun des deux modèles existants. Le modèle de Barcelone pour sols gonflants nécessite, en outre, la réalisation d'essais comportant des cycles hydriques et au moins un essai à volume constant et à succion contrôlée.
En conclusion, ce travail a permis la mise en œuvre, le développement et la validation de deux dispositifs expérimentaux à succion contrôlée. Ceci a rendu possible la caractérisation du comportement hydromécanique d'un sol gonflant compacté en fonction de différentes sollicitations hydriques.
Muñoz-Castelblanco, José. "Comportement hydromécanique d'un loess naturel." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00647891.
Full textMedvedeva, Vera. "Characterization of Foxp2 functions in the mouse cortex." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066118/document.
Full textGenetic disruptions of the forkhead box transcription factor FOXP2 in humans cause a severe autosomal-dominant speech and language disorder. FOXP2 expression pattern and genomic structure are highly conserved in distant vertebrates. We hypothesized that this conservation may allow the use of animal models to identify Foxp2 dependent neuronal circuits and molecular networks involved in social behaviors. Therefore I began characterizing Foxp2 functions in the mouse cortex in conventional heterozygous (Foxp2+/-) and conditional (cortex specific) Foxp2 homozygous mutant mice (Nex-Cre; Foxp2lox/lox). Initial characterization of Nex-Cre; Foxp2lox/lox mice revealed no gross alterations in morphological architecture, postnatal development and basic adult behaviors. However, behavioral profiling of Nex-Cre; Foxp2lox/lox mice demonstrated deficiency in specific social behaviors such as approach behavior towards conspecifics and responses of WT interaction partners. Furthermore, Nex-Cre; Foxp2lox/lox mice showed alterations in specific acoustical parameters of ultrasonic vocalizations (USV), and the type of modulation differed in function of social context. Gene expression profiling of Foxp2-positive cortical pyramidal neurons in Foxp2+/- mice revealed the dysregulation of Mint2, a gene involved in approach behavior in mice and autism spectrum disorder in humans. This result was further validated in cortex-specific Foxp2 mutant mice The results deliver first insights into cortical Foxp2 dependent functions in mouse social behaviors. This provides a rational basis for further mechanistic studies of the ancestral functions of cortical Foxp2 that may have been recruited during speech and language evolution
Mycek, Paul. "Étude numérique et expérimentale du comportement d'hydroliennes." Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925229.
Full textDumont, Matthieu. "Contribution à l'étude du comportement THM des sols partiellement saturés : aspects expérimentaux et modélisation." Le Havre, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LEHA0017.
Full textThis research work aims to improve knowledge and to better understand the thermohydromechanical behaviour of fine soils. A theorical aspect describes a simple thermohydromechanical (THM) constitutive model for unsaturated soils. The effective stress concept is extended to unsaturated soils with the introduction of a capillary stress. This capillary stress is based on a microstructural model and caculated from attraction forces due to water menisci. The effect of desaturation and the thermal softening phenomenon are modelled with a minimal number of material parameters and based on existing models. THM process is qualitatively and quantitatively modelled by using experimental data and previous work to show the application of the model, including a drying path under mechanical stress with transition between saturated and unsaturated states, a heating path under constant suction and a deviatoric path with imposed suction and temperature. The instrumental and experimental aspect presents a modified oedometer cell to test soils under controlled temperatures and suctions. THM loadings tests have been investigated for two materials: kaolin P300 and Wyoming bentonite
Lê, Trung Tinh. "Comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique de l'argile de Boom." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003726.
Full textSeif, El Dine Bassels. "Etude du comportement mécanique de sols grossiers à matrice." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002992.
Full textRouabhi, Ahmed. "Comportement et fragmentation dynamique des matériaux quasi-fragiles." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001084.
Full textBacia, Maria. "Comportement du carbone aux joints de grains du molybdène." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG4210.
Full textRojat, Fabrice. "Comportement des tunnels dans les milieux rocheux de faibles caractéristiques mécaniques." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00583982.
Full textHurault, B. "Comportement d'un pergélisol expérimental soumis à un réchauffement." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919225.
Full textCoste, François. "Comportement thermo-hydro-mécanique des massifs rocheux fracturés." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523618.
Full textTorrenti, Jean-Michel. "Comportement multiaxial du béton : aspects expérimentaux et modélisation." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1987. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00529740.
Full textLopes, Rio da Silva Lousada Eliana. "Molecular networks, structure, and function of the striatum during behavioural learning and automatization." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS555.pdf.
Full textEfficient every day skills, such as tying shoelaces, rely on automatized behaviours. As behaviours are learnt and repeated, the link between the action and its context incrementally increases until automaticity. Behavioural automatization is essential to for smooth and effortless execution of tasks, freeing up cognitive resources for more complex activities. This process of acquisition, consolidation and automatization depends on cortico-basal ganglia circuits. These circuits are topographically organized into parallel limbic, associative and sensorimotor loops coursing through the ventromedial, dorsomedial, and dorsolateral striatum (DMS), respectively. These circuits dynamically interact and are recruited to different extents during learning. The limbic cortico‐striatal loop is especially important during initial acquisition, when behaviour is highly exploratory and reward-dependent. The associative loop is particularly recruited during the early, goal‐directed phase of learning, when associations are established. Finally, the sensorimotor loop is crucial when the learned behaviour becomes automatized. Some genes have been identified as being involved in certain phases of learning, however, subregion-specific genome-wide expression profiles of the striatum are lacking. To address this, the first part of my PhD project consisted in the assessment of the molecular signatures in the different striatal areas (ventromedial, dorsomedial, and dorsolateral striatum) during behavioural acquisition and automatization by creating a RNA expression map at each stage of learning. Furthermore, the seemingly segregated nature of the cortico-basal ganglia loops raises the question on how the information is transferred from one circuit to another. One strong candidate for such transversal flow are dopaminergic neurons that project across these loops. While dopaminergic afferents from ventral tegmental area (VTA) mainly target the ventral striatum, recent studies described a proportion of dopaminergic VTA neurons projecting to the dorsal striatum, hinting for its role in information transfer across distinct CBG loops, potentially consolidating the ongoing action into automatization. Therefore, my second part of my PhD project involved the investigation of the role of the dopaminergic VTA-DMS projections during behavioural automatization by projection-specific recording and modulation of its neurons. Finally, the third part of my PhD project focused on studying a mouse model of repetitive behaviours that presents aberrant habit formation, the Sapap3-KO mouse. I have concluded a detailed structural analysis of the neurons in the striatum of these animals, showing a reduced axon calibre in a subgroup of neurons in the DMS of the Sapap3-KO animals, when compared with their wild-type littermates. Overall, this thesis expands our knowledge of the neural circuits and molecular pathways involved in both normal and pathological regulation of habitual behaviors
Munoz, Manuel. "Comportement d'éléments formateurs et modificateurs de réseau dans des magmas hydratés." Phd thesis, Université de Marne la Vallée, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008421.
Full textDes expériences complémentaires nous ont permis de mettre en évidence l'utilité des spectres d'absorption des rayons X pour la détermination in situ des concentrations en nickel, ainsi que de la densité des magmas silicatés hydratés. Les résultats mettent en évidence un coefficient de partage « eau/silicate » très inférieur à 1, suggérant une mobilisation faible, mais néanmoins significative, du nickel par la phase aqueuse lors de la remontée magmatique. Par ailleurs, des mesures de densité apparente de magmas hydratés, à environ 780 °C / 520 MPa, mettent en évidence une valeur proche de 1 g/cm3, suggérant un aspect structural de type « émulsion » particulièrement riche en eau, ainsi qu'une dynamique d'ascension magmatique en écoulement homogène très importante.
Benouis, Abdelhalim. "Comportement mécanique des ouvrages en plaques de plâtre sur ossature métallique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1995. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569016.
Full textDahmani, Mohammed. "Les effets de la crise financière et bancaire de 2007-2008 sur les comportements des banques : ces effets ont-ils changé les comportements des banques ?" Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1097.
Full textThe thesis problem: how the effects of the financial and banking crisis of 2007-2008 have influenced the behavior of banks and what do they consist of ? To do this, we showed, first, that the balance sheet and income statement are good explanatory tools of strategic and operational behavior of banks. Due to the special responsibility of the large banks in this crisis, we used data of the top 200 global banks listed in the 2006 (pre-crisis) and 2012 (post-crisis) classifications, retrieved from the database "The Banker". We used the exploratory factor analysis to discover the latent factors which influence the banks behaviors, in a comparative static logic. The results show that this crisis has actually changed these behaviors. From the strategic positioning perspective, the trend of the European banks after the crisis is the "retail-funded" banking model. In 2006, the positioning was heterogeneous with a "cocktail" of "retail-funded", "wholesale-funded" and "trading" banks. For the North American and Asia-Pacific banks, which was already specialized in the "retail-funded" in 2006, will remain so for 2012. In terms of operational behavior, European banks pass from a strong focus on profitability, before the crisis, to a reinforcement of capital adequacy, after the crisis. The banks of North America and Asia-Pacific, which were focused on the activity, before the crisis, will give more importance to the profitability after the crisis. In conclusion, two recommendations for the financial regulators : ensure that the trend in matter of strategic positioning of the banks is oriented to the “retail-funded” model and pay special attention to the size of the balance sheet
Freissmuth, Harald. "L'influence de l'eau sur le comportement mécanique des roches argileuses." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2002. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00579409.
Full textL'ardoise peut, selon sa composition, modifier dans un large domaine ses propriétés mécaniques et pétro-physiques à cause des interactions minérales de la glaise liquide. L'ardoise peut être molle ou dure, extensible ou rigide, perméable ou imperméable et ce selon les conditions environnementales auxquelles elle est exposée. Elle peut être très sensible aux changements des conditions environnantes, comme par exemple l'humidité, la contrainte, la température et les gradients du potentiel chimique.
Une des réactions les plus apparentes de l'ardoise est le gonflement et le dégonflement comme résultat de sa saturation et des gradients du potentiel chimique dans le système liquide. Ces variations de volume modifient parfois d'autres propriétés. Selon la consistance et la concentration d'un liquide, l'ardoise peut soit gonfler soit se dégonfler en entrant en contact avec un liquide. Le matériau peut aussi se dissoudre dans le liquide et se désintégrer complètement.
Une description compréhensible des minéraux argileux du site de l'Est a été élaborée. Les micromécanismes physico-chimiques de l'interaction liquide-solide, comme l'adsorption, l'absorption, la capillarité et l'osmose y sont également présentés. Les conséquences possibles de ces mécanismes sur le comportement macro-mécanique, comme le gonflement et le dégonflement, fissuration et autres ont également été analysées.
La technologie des rayons X en microfocus a été introduite et utilisée pour analyser l'ardoise dans des conditions environnementales différentes. L'avantage de cette méthode est son caractère nondéstructif. Dû à la friabilité du matériau, la préparation des lames minces classiques est une méthode inappropriée pour analyser les micro-fissures et la désintégration de l'ardoise.
Les solutions ont été examinées pour observer la réaction en temps réel de l'ardoise dans le site de l'Est quand elle entre en contact avec différentes solutions aqueuses et sous charge uniaxial. La désintégration et la déformation ainsi que les propriétés générales de ce matériau ont été analysées en utilisant la technologie des rayons X μRG en immergeant le matériau dans une solution. On a pu constater que la désintégration, le développement des cracks et la déformation dépendent en partie de la concentration des ions ainsi que des types des ions de la solution.
Lors d'un test cinétique l'ardoise a été exposée à des degrés différents d'humidité relative et à des conditions de pressions uniaxiales. Une enceinte climatique électronique, contrôlée par une ordinateur a été utilisée pour créer des degrés d'humidité différents et on a transféré directement les résultats de la déformation axiale et des paramètres environnementaux. La relation entre l'humidité environnementale, la déformation axiale, la charge axiale et les micro fissures a été analysée. La technologie des rayons X en microfocus a été utilisée pour radiographier des spécimens avant et après les essais. Le matériau a été testé sous une humidité relative de 5% à 99%, pour évaluer l'influence de l'humidité sur le comportement des micro fissures et de la déformation.
Un test cyclique a été développé afin de définir le degré de friabilité dans un secteur entre 35% et 75% d'humidité relative.
Finalement, un test combiné a été réalisé afin de comparer la réaction dans l'eau pure d'un matériau saturé dans un environnement humide avec sa réaction dans l'eau en étant dans son état initial de saturation. Le matériau a été d'abord exposé à une humidité relative de 5% et 99% et ensuite immergé dans l'eau pure. Grâce à ce test on a découvert un phénomène d'hydratation qui pourrait être important pour les procédures des essais normalement appliquées.
Brunel, Fanny. "L’abstention du titulaire d’une prérogative en droit privé : ébauche d’une norme de comportement." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAD025/document.
Full textFrench law is usually understanding the abstention as the abstention fault. However, the abstention of the holder of a prerogative can not be analyzed this way and requires a new juridical approach. Abstention creates an equivocal situation by being a refusal, silent and temporary, to immediately enjoy the effects of a prerogative in order to retain them until the most appropriate moment. By being unclear unlike an active exercise or a real renunciation, it generates indeed unpredictability and a lack of legal safety. This insecurity is, moreover, exacerbated by erroneous interpretations of abstention and by the aggravation of the consequences affecting the one who suffers from it with the passing time. As a result, due to the absence of a legal status of abstention, it is imperative to take up the unpredictability problem of the abstention of the holder of a prerogative in order to attempt to mitigate it, while highlighting its legitimacy. The appearing necessary solution finds its way in the regulation of the behavior of the one abstaining in time. Consequently, from the end of a reasonable period, preserving his liberty within the time limit, he has to respect the standard of a reasonable agent. Failing that, his liability could be incurred. This would not exclude the accountability of the person who suffers from abstention
Dahmani, Mohammed. "Les effets de la crise financière et bancaire de 2007-2008 sur les comportements des banques : ces effets ont-ils changé les comportements des banques ?" Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1097.
Full textThe thesis problem: how the effects of the financial and banking crisis of 2007-2008 have influenced the behavior of banks and what do they consist of ? To do this, we showed, first, that the balance sheet and income statement are good explanatory tools of strategic and operational behavior of banks. Due to the special responsibility of the large banks in this crisis, we used data of the top 200 global banks listed in the 2006 (pre-crisis) and 2012 (post-crisis) classifications, retrieved from the database "The Banker". We used the exploratory factor analysis to discover the latent factors which influence the banks behaviors, in a comparative static logic. The results show that this crisis has actually changed these behaviors. From the strategic positioning perspective, the trend of the European banks after the crisis is the "retail-funded" banking model. In 2006, the positioning was heterogeneous with a "cocktail" of "retail-funded", "wholesale-funded" and "trading" banks. For the North American and Asia-Pacific banks, which was already specialized in the "retail-funded" in 2006, will remain so for 2012. In terms of operational behavior, European banks pass from a strong focus on profitability, before the crisis, to a reinforcement of capital adequacy, after the crisis. The banks of North America and Asia-Pacific, which were focused on the activity, before the crisis, will give more importance to the profitability after the crisis. In conclusion, two recommendations for the financial regulators : ensure that the trend in matter of strategic positioning of the banks is oriented to the “retail-funded” model and pay special attention to the size of the balance sheet
Feignier, Bruno. "Comportement à la source de séismes induits : caractérisation géomécanique." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719602.
Full textDreux, Xavier. "Comportement viscoélastique à l'état fondu et structure d'acétates de cellulose plastifiés." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES002/document.
Full textThis present work deals with the rheological properties of cellulose acetate which is a biobased polymer manufactured from cellulose. In order to facilitate its forming process, cellulose acetate is usually blended with plasticizers. As the conventional industrial processes need rheological information for different flow conditions, viscoelastic behaviour of a plasticized cellulose acetate with a degree of substitution of 2,45 was investigated by various rheology experiments. Measurements in the linear regime were carried out for various plasticizer contents and some unexpected behaviours have been highlighted. Compared to conventional thermoplastic polymers, the structure and dynamics of the macromolecular chains of cellulose acetate seem to be more complex than that of common synthetic polymers. This was confirmed by measurements in the nonlinear domain. The results suggests that the viscoelastic behaviour of cellulose acetate chains is not controlled by entanglements but rather by another correlation length related to strong interactions between chains, named stickers. These interactions confer to the polymer dynamics an unusual scaling behaviour depending on plasticizer content and temperature
De, Martin Florent. "Influence du comportement non-linéaire des sols sur les mouvements sismiques forts." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00508698.
Full textSTERPENICH, Jérôme. "Altération des vitraux médiévaux. Contribution à l'étude du comportement à long terme des verres de confinement." Phd thesis, Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy I, 1998. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007665.
Full textGirard, Charlotte. "Etude du comportement d'orientation d'espèces pélagiques tropicales vis-à-vis d'attracteurs." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00459016.
Full textLecampion, Brice. "Sur l'identification des paramètres des lois de comportement des roches argileuses." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2002. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002114.
Full textTang, Anh Minh. "Effet de la température sur le comportement des barrières de confinement." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001594.
Full textMenand, Stéphane. "Analyse et validation d'un modèle de comportement directionnel des outils de forage monobloc pdc." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2001. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000017.
Full textMartin, Patrick. "Etude du comportement des poutres lamellées clouées boulonnées en flexion." Phd thesis, ENGREF (AgroParisTech), 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003306.
Full textGuilie, Joachim. "Comportement à la rupture et caractérisation mécanique des caoutchoucs cristallisants sous contrainte." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2014. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00978212.
Full textBlond, Eric. "Modélisation du comportement de structures et de matériaux aux hautes températures." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université d'Orléans, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00681950.
Full textBenzaria, Omar. "Contribution à l’étude du comportement des pieux sous chargements cycliques axiaux." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST1112/document.
Full textAs part of the French National research project SOLCYP, the purpose of this work was study the behavior of the piles under axial loadings for the phases before, during and after cycles.To achieve this objective, an extensive series of static and cyclic axial pile load tests have been carried out in two experimental sites of the North of France: the overconsolidated Flandrian clays (Merville experimental site) and in dense Flandrian sands (Loon-Plage experimental site). Tests were performed on driven closed-ended pipe piles, bored piles and screwed. All piles were instrumented with retrievable extensometers for measuring the load distribution along the pile wall.Cyclic load tests were composed of series of cycles of constant load amplitude. A large range of load histories were applied including series of small amplitude cycles and great number of cycles (N > 5000) and series of large amplitude cycles leading to cyclic failure after a small number of cycles..A large volume of data has been interpreted to describe the effects of axial cyclic loads on the behavior of the piles. The interpretation of these tests included, on the one hand, a global analysis focusing on (i) the potential reduction on the ultimate axial capacity; (ii) the number of load cycles of a given load that the pile can sustain before cyclic failure and (iii) the evolution of displacements of the pile head during cyclic loading (pile stiffness). In addition, it integrated a local study in particular on shaft friction degradation along the pile wall and evolution of the resistance of point of the pile.This thesis, based on the experimental study, allowed the formulation of the practical conclusions on the behavior of the piles under axial cyclic loadings and proposed prospects for determining these problems well
Bohec, Pierre. "Étude du comportement hors-équilibre du cortex cellulaire." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00870466.
Full textDezecache, Guillaume. "Studies on emotional propagation in humans : the cases of fear and joy." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066666.
Full textLes psychologues de la foule des 19e et 20e siècles nous ont légué l’idée que les émotions sont si contagieuses qu’elles peuvent conduire un grand nombre d’individus à rapidement et spontanément adopter une même émotion. L’on pense par exemple aux situations de panique de foule, où, en l’absence de coordination centrale, des mouvements de fuite collective sont susceptibles d’émerger. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse se proposent d’étudier la propagation de deux émotions considérées comme particulièrement contagieuses, la peur et la joie. Leur propagation est étudiée à deux niveaux d’analyse : d’abord, au niveau proximal (la question du « comment »), je discute les mécanismes potentiels permettant à l’émotion de se propager en foule ; aussi, je soulève la question du bien-fondé de considérer la transmission émotionnelle comme un processus de contagion. Dans un second temps, au niveau d’analyse évolutionnaire ou ultime (la question du « pourquoi »), je pose la question de savoir pourquoi les individus de la foule ont ainsi l’air de partager leur états émotionnels de peur et de joie avec leurs voisins. A ce propos, je présente une étude montrant que la transmission de la peur peut être facilitée par la propension du système cognitif humain à moduler l’intensité des réactions faciales liées à la peur, en fonction de l’état informationnel de leurs congénères. Ces résultats suggèrent que les réactions faciales spontanées de peur ont pour fonction biologique la communication, à autrui, d’information cruciale pour la survie. Pour finir, je discute les implications de ces travaux pour notre compréhension plus générale des liens entre émotions et comportement de foule
Chen, Xue, Ziad Moumni, and Yong Jun He. "Sur le comportement magnéto-mécanique des alliages à mémoire de forme magnétiques." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00848630.
Full textSaba, Simona. "Comportement hydromécanique différé des barrières ouvragées argileuses gonflantes." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00985466.
Full textMahmoudysepehr, Mehdi. "Modélisation du comportement du tunnelier et impact sur son environnement." Thesis, Centrale Lille Institut, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020CLIL0028.
Full textThis PhD thesis research work consists in understanding the behavior of the TBM according to the environment encountered in order to propose safe, durable and quality solutions for the digging of the tunnel.The main objective of this doctoral thesis work is to better understand the behavior of the TBM according to its environment. Thus, we will explore how the TBM reacts according to the different types of terrain and how it acts on the various elements of tunnel structure (voussoirs). This will make it possible to propose an intelligent and optimal dimensioning of the voussoirs and instructions of adapted piloting
Meo, Stéphane. "Modélisation numérique du comportement mécanique de structures en élastomère : de l'élasticité à la thermo-visco-hyperélasticité." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00661661.
Full textAbi, Zeid Daou Roy. "Etude de l’influence des incertitudes sur le comportement d’un système dynamique non entier de première espèce." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR14346/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to study the effects of the parametric and structural uncertainties on the behavior of the 1st order fractional dynamic systems. Such systems are defined by the alliance of a fractance and an inductance and can be applied in any physical domain.So, this thesis is divided into two parts. The first part regroups the first three chapters and presents a theoretical and methodological approach for this study whereas the second part contains the remaining two chapters. These chapters represent the applications of the previously shown theory in the mechanical domain (hydropneumatic suspension) and in the electrical domain
Said, Imen. "Comportement des interfaces et modélisation des pieux sous charge axiale." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002359.
Full textBucas, Gwenaelle. "Le comportement des polluants flottants en cas de déversement accidentel en eau de mer." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00120323.
Full textBahda, Fatiha. "Etude du comportement du sable à l'appareil triaxial : expérience et modélisation." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523153.
Full textCallebert, Lucile. "Activités collaboratives et génération de comportements d'agents : moteur décisionnel s'appuyant sur un modèle de confiance." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2299/document.
Full textWhen working in teams, humans rarely display optimal behaviors: they sometimes make mistakes, lack motivation or competence. In virtual environments or in multi-agent systems, many studies have tried to reproduce human teamwork: each agent acts as a team member. However, the main objective in those studies is the performance of the team: each agent should display optimal behavior, and the realism of those simulated behaviors is not a concern. To train someone in a virtual environment to pay attention to and to adapt to their teammates, we built a decision-making system for agents to display realistic and non-optimal behaviors. More specifically, we are interested in self-organized teams (i.e. teams where the decision power is decentralized among its members) and in implicit organization (i.e. when team members do not interact through communications but rather through the observation of others’ behaviors). In such a team, each agent has to think about what it should do given what others could do. Agents then have to ask themselves questions such as Do I trust my teammate’s competence to perform this task? Trust relationships therefore allow agents to take others into account. We propose a system that allows agents to reason, on the first hand, on models of the activity they have to do, and on the other hand, on trust relationships they share with others. In that context, we first augmented the Activity-Description Language so that it supports the description of collective activities. We also defined mechanisms for constraint generation that facilitates agent reasoning, by giving them the answer to questions like Do we have the required abilities to perform the task which will achieve our goal? We then proposed an agent model based on the model of interpersonal trust of Mayer et al. (1995) that we selected after a study of trust in social science. This model describes trust relationship with three dimensions: the trustor trusts the trustee’s integrity, benevolence and abilities. An agent is therefore defined through those three dimensions, and has a mental model of each other agent; i.e. has trust beliefs about others’ integrity, benevolence and abilities. Moreover each agent has both personal and collective goals (i.e. goals that are shared with other members of the team), and thus will have to decide which goal to focus on. Finally we proposed a decision-making system that allows an agent to compute the importance it gives to its goals and then to select a task. When computing goal importance, the agent is influenced by its trust beliefs about others, and to select a task, it reasons on the activity models and on its expectations about what others could do. Those expectations are generated from the agents’ trust beliefs. We implemented our system and observed that it produces realistic and non-optimal behaviors. We also conducted a preliminary perceptive evaluation which showed that participants were able to recognize one agent’s trust or lack of trust in another through the behaviors of the first one
Luu, D. H. "Théorie à Gradient: Models de Comportement et Critères de Fatigue; Application en Micromécanique." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00866081.
Full textSommeria, Laure. "Comportement des traceurs fluorescents et phénomènes de dispersion : application à l'étude d'aquifères fissurés." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00785509.
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