Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Comportements de défense'
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Bouchama-Broquelet, Naëla. "Les droits de la défense dans les procédures de sanction des comportements anticoncurrentiels devant le Conseil de concurrence." Paris 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA020038.
Full textCastell, Almuni Laia. "Rôle de la signalisation dopaminergique dans l'amygdale étendue dans le contrôle des comportements de défense." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT057.
Full textLearning appropriate defensive behavioral responses to threatening situations is tightly controlled and requires a fine balance between memory specificity and generalization. However, inappropriate processing of threat learning can lead to excessive generalization resulting in the emergence of strong defensive reactions towards neutral cues. The central extended amygdala (EA) is a neuronal continuum critically involved in the control of behavioral responses towards threatening stimuli. Its core components, the nucleus accumbens, the central amygdala (CEA) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), share similar inputs/outputs connectivity, and serve complementary roles in the integration of threat relevant information and the orchestration of fear- and anxiety-related behaviors. By conveying salience and valence, dopamine (DA) facilitate the encoding of discriminative learning between stimuli representing safety or threat and recent studies indicate that distortion of DA signaling is associated with maladaptive threat processing. We recently uncovered that DA gates overgeneralization of conditioned threat responses through concomitant activation of DA D2 type receptors (D2R) in both the CEA and the BNST. Despite these evidences, genetically-identified neural circuits of the extended amygdala in which, D2R signaling control threat processing, remain largely unknown.To tackle this issue, we have generated to D2R conditional knock-out mice allowing us to inactivate selectively D2R in extended D2R-expressing neurons (D2R-cKO) as well as in midbrain DA neurons (autoD2R-cKO). Our results revealed that extended amygdala D2R signaling modulates the expression of passive responses (i.e. freezing) to threat-conditioning auditory and contextual stimuli. We also found that extended amygdala D2R signaling facilitates extinction of threat conditioned stimulus and is required for active avoidance learning. Such impairments are not a consequence of sensory defaults since auditory brainstem response-evoked thresholds as well as Mechanical and thermal sensitivity are intact in D2R-cKO. On the other hand, we uncovered that autoD2R tunes the discrimination between stimuli representing safety or threat in discriminative auditory threat learning. Together our work suggest that, extended amygdala D2R signaling in distinct neural circuits contribute to the optimization of passive and active defensive behaviors in responses to threatening situations
Rousseau, Clément. "Concevoir une stratégie de défense face aux comportements égoïstes de noeuds utilisant le protocole MAC IEEE 802.11." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2011. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/912/1/ROUSSEAU_Cl%C3%A9ment.pdf.
Full textPaquet-Blouin, Marie-Ève. "Les mécanismes de défense et la perte de limites du moi des individus borderlines présentant ou non des comportements parasuicidaires." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2002. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/4073/1/000102877.pdf.
Full textBoyer, Pierre-Yves. "Quand les résistants deviennent des parties prenantes : une approche des réactions de défense de l'identité comme processus d'apprentissage." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0026/document.
Full textOur thesis aims to demonstrate that resistant individuals can be integrated as real stakeholders of the organizational learning process. This integration is possible when the consequences of their identity defense mechanisms for the organization are taken into account. To achieve this goal, our qualitative study follows a semi-grounded theory approach. This approach combines a preliminary theoretical framework and inductive empirical data to elaborate a model showing some positive contributions of resistance. Our research first addresses change through its impact on organizational identity (Corley & Gioia, 2004). Then, it considers how resisting activities can achieve significant organizational change (Courpasson et al., 2012). Finally, it develops a cognitive approach of change that brings us to consider resisting behaviors for their participation in the diversity of points of view inside the organization. Based on logbook extractions, 42 semi-directive interviews and a documentary analysis, our data provide a better understanding of how change takes root in the organization and how resistant individuals participate in this process. Thus, this inductive study results in a two-level model. The first level shows radical organizational change as a three-steps process: initiation, accentuation and rooting. In particular, we focus on organizational identity, its dissonances with alternative identity-related logics and the employees’ implication in the adjustment of change. This process results in the emergence of individual and organizational learning associated to a cognitive governance. The second level details the roles of the resistant individuals in this process. It shows that they can be real stakeholders of the key stages of change. In so doing, they allow the company to evolve towards the ideal of learning organization. We also propose a typology of resistant individuals (Forgotten, Followers, Emergent, New rebels), which allows us to develop some positive implications of resistance
Boufares, Salima. "Reproduction, comportements maternels et défense du nid chez la souris femelle : Influence de la mutation staggerer à l'état homozygote et hétérozygote." Paris 13, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA132037.
Full textMenegolla, Ana Paula. "Differential contribution of distinct prefrontal neuronal populations to danger representations." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0341.
Full textAnimals can be confronted to a high diversity of dangerous situations in natural environments. Their ability to be in a vigilant state about their surroundings, prepared to recognize and respond to danger, as well as to recognize sensory stimuli associated to specific threats, allows the expression of optimal behavioral responses to successfully cope with them. Dysfunctions in the response to threats are implicated in various psychiatric conditions such as anxiety disorders, phobias, or post-traumatic stress disorder. Thus, understanding the neural mechanisms underlying defensive behaviors is essential to unravel the neuronal bases of these severe conditions. Defensive behaviors are shaped by multiple interconnected brain regions. Among them, the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a site involved in the multimodal integration of stimuli and top-down control of complex behaviors, has largely been evidenced as a key regulator of defensive responses. Most of what is known about the implication of the PFC in defensive behaviors has been based on fear conditioning paradigms in which one single sensory stimulus drives the concomitant expression of a single defensive behavior (e.g. freezing or avoidance). Such simple paradigms make it difficult to pinpoint the exact processes PFC neurons are involved in (identification or discrimination of threatening stimuli, implementation of an aversive state or execution of a defensive response) and how specific their activity is. Moreover, the literature is focused on the function of the largest cell group of the dorsomedial PFC (dmPFC) – excitatory pyramidal neurons (Pyr) – or mixed neuronal populations. Nonetheless, Pyr activity is extensively orchestrated by a heterogeneous network of GABAergic interneurons (INs), among which Somatostatin-expressing (SST+) and Parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) neurons are the most abundant types. A limited body of evidence shows the critical role of dmPFC INs in the formation of an aversive memory and defensive freezing expression. Thus, a more comprehensive view of how dmPFC neurons, especially INs, process threatening information is still missing and would require more complex settings. In this work, we sought to determine the role of the main dmPFC neuronal populations (Pyr, SST+ and PV+ neurons) in the encoding of defensive states and specific threatening features to ultimately control the expression of defensive behaviors. To this end, we combined cell-type specific in vivo calcium imaging and optogenetic manipulations of the dmPFC with a novel behavioral paradigm in which mice face different threatening situations and must select the most pertinent defensive behavior to each of them in order to avoid an aversive outcome. We demonstrated that each of the studied neuronal populations encode threat-related information differently. The populations of excitatory neurons and SST+ interneurons have well-differentiated representations of threatening and non-threatening conditions. In addition, the SST+ population discriminates specific threatening information, process that was necessary for the selection of appropriate defensive behaviors. In contrast, the population activity of PV+ INs encoded in a more unspecific manner the presence of task stimuli regardless of their emotional value and was essential for mice to overall respond to threats. Together, these data suggest the presence of a gradient of representations of threatening events - from more general to more specific - in different dmPFC neuronal populations, allowing a collective encoding of danger
Broussot, Loïc. "Implication du noyau latérodorsal du tegmentum dans les réponses au stress adaptatives et mésadaptées." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://theses.univ-cotedazur.fr/2020COAZ6014.
Full textThe behavioural stress response is an adaptive mechanism that allows an organism to cope with threatening environmental stimuli. However, the circuitries that underlie it can be deregulated by intense or chronic stress and lead to maladaptive neuropsychiatric disorders. The ventral tegmental area (VTA) is a midbrain region that plays a crucial role in reward and aversion processing. It also influences the stress response, but our understanding of its role is still limited as the regulatory inputs that shape its activity during stress remain largely unknown. The laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDTg) is a brainstem structure regulating VTA activity. While its influence on reward processing has been widely described, its role in the stress response has yet to be determined.This thesis explores the role of the LDTg in two types of stress responses: 1) Adaptive defensive behaviours under acute stress. 2) Maladaptive behaviours following chronic stress. To assess the role of the LDTg in both contexts, we used chemogenetic and optogenetic tools to modulate its activity in mice during stressful situations and observed how it altered their behavioural responses.By using acute electrical shocks, we measured the influence of the LDTg over the freezing defensive response, an adaptive behaviour in mice confronted to an unseen threat. By selectively inhibiting LDTg projections of various natures and to different targets, we unravelled a new GABAergic LDTg-VTA pathway that bidirectionally modulates freezing in response to acute stress. Similarly, we used selective chemogenetic silencing in a mouse model of chronic social defeat to assess the role of the LDTg in stress-related depressive-like disorders. Cholinergic, but not glutamatergic, LDTg projections to the VTA were sufficient and necessary to induce depressive-like disorders after chronic stress. Together, these results unravel a new role of the LDTg-VTA axis in the regulation of the stress response. We show it is involved in both adaptive defensive behaviours and maladaptive stress-related disorders through converging yet different pathways. This may open a new therapeutic window for innovative treatments based on cerebral modulation
Girard, Véronique. "Comparaison d'hommes présentant des comportements violents envers leur conjointe et d'hommes ayant commis un homicide conjugal, en fonction du contact avec la réalité et des mécanismes de défense." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2002. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2573/1/000696312.pdf.
Full textSt-Pierre, Michelle. "Troubles du comportement alimentaire et style de défenses psychologiques." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1994. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5303/1/000611317.pdf.
Full textMillor, Jesus. "Etude théorique et expérimentale du comportement défensif chez l'abeille (Apis mellifera)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211777.
Full textCourreau, Jean-François. "Etude génétique des qualités de travail dans l'espèce canine : application des méthodes de la génétique quantitative aux épreuves de concours de chiens de défense en race berger belge." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112250.
Full textThe aim the present study was to evaluate the heritability h² of defence capacity traits in the belgian shepherd dog and to calculate the breeding values of the dogs and the role of particular environmental factors. 15 772 competition results from 2427 defence dogs were used. A competition included 6 to 19 tests and according to their difficulty, 5 levels. The tests were grouped together to form 8 general ability measures: jumping, following at heel, fetching an object, attacking, guarding, obedience, biting and global success. The analysis was performed in parallel on two types of variable obtained from the marks of the tests. Firstly, on the calculated scores after the dogs had been ranked within a competition. Secondly, on the marks raised to a specific power. The genetic parameters were estimated using a mixed animal model using the restricted maximum likelihood method. The effects of the model were estimated by the blue method. The most pertinent results were obtained with the scores. The h² estimates are low (0. 07 for following at heel and global success) to moderate (0. 13-0. 18 for the other criteria). The repeatability of results was relatively high (0. 39-0. 59). The genetic correlations between abilities were moderate to high, except for jumping which appears to be independent. The males performed better than the females. The malinois was the best variety of dog. The age was optimal between 3 and 7 years-of-age. The breeding values were calculated for 2284 competitors; the precision was moderate (dc = 0. 25). These results indicate that it should be possible to select belgian shepherd dogs for behavioural characteristics
Vourc'h, Gwenaël. "Interactions entre plantes longévives et grands mammifères : défense chimique du thuya géant et herbivorie par le cerf-à-queue-noire en Colombie Britannique (Canada)." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20189.
Full textGhyoot, Marianne. "Le pedicellaire globifère de sphaerechinus granularis (Echinodermata, Ecdhinoidea): morphologie et comportement d'un appendice défensif." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213043.
Full textFarine, Jean-Pierre. "Identification et rôles des médiateurs chimiques intervenant dans le grégarisme, l'alarme, la défense et le comportement sexuel des phyrrhocoridae (Insectes, Hémiptères)." Dijon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989DIJOS002.
Full textBonnichon, Delphine. "Fantasmes à mort! : Pensées et acte suicidaires à l’épreuve de la différence des sexes." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H122.
Full textOur goal is to analyse the specificity of the psychic functioning of adolescents who have suicidal thoughts and/or have attempted suicide. Our two main directions of analysis are the following: first, the dialectical interaction between action and fantasy, and secondly, the comparison between suicidal issues and psychosexual development in boys and girls. Our analysis is based on 20 case studies combining clinical encounters and projective tests, the Rorschach text and the TAT; the protocols were analysed according the psychoanalytic method developed by the Paris School. Two hypotheses are verified in this study: 1) suicidal gestures can potentially generate symbolic meaning; and 2) boys resort to more drastic defense mechanisms than girls, due to the fact that their sexual identity is threatened. Suicidal adolescents have a rich fantasy life centred on infanticidal fantasies, with a blend of pregenital and genital elements in a context of sado-masochism. In boys, suicidal thoughts, even if they do not lead to action, are more dangerous; this underscores the function of the act itself, tied to a sadistic tendency, with the danger of unbinding. The homo-erotic oral-anal penetration fantasy is a promising avenue of research, since it brings together both narcissistic and object relations, tied to a infanticidal-parricidal fantasy organized around projection. Its counterpart in girls seems to be the fantasy of tearing off one’s skin, in combination with masochistic denial. We thus discern two different and separate paths towards genital sexuality, parenthood, and generational transmission , opening new avenues for exploration in the eternal debate between life and death
Zhang, Zhaonan. "Compréhension de l'axe intestin-microbiote-cerveau : un modèle biologique pour analyser l'impact du microbiote sur l'apprentissage, la mémoire et le comportement défensif chez les abeilles domestiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Toulouse (2023-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024TLSES036.
Full textUnderstanding how microbiotas affect behavior and cognitive functions is a key challenge in modern biology. Honey bees provide a unique opportunity to study the connection between gut bacteria and the brain due to their simpler microbiota compared to mammals. This doctoral thesis aims to uncover the brain-gut axis in honey bees (Apis mellifera). Research in bumble bees has shown that Lactobacillus bacteria increase lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) levels in their haemolymph, enhancing visual cue memory despite lacking LPA receptors. To investigate, we studied if LPA supplements could improve honey bees' scent learning and memory and explored the underlying mechanisms. Using Proboscis Extension Reflex (PER) conditioning, we found that LPA improved scent learning and long-term memory in honey bees. This improvement may involve the serotonin 5-HT7 receptor, which shares similarities with mammalian LPA receptors. Blocking this receptor impaired untreated bees' learning and memory and reversed the effects of LPA supplements, indicating LPA influences cognition via the 5-HT7 receptor. Our findings suggest bacterial metabolites like LPA can affect bee cognition through non-traditional neural pathways. LPA acts through the serotonin receptor 5-HT7, which raises questions about its impact on defensive reactions given serotonin's association with sting sensitivity. However, stimulating the 5-HT7 receptor did not affect bees' response to sucrose, suggesting other neurotransmitters like octopamine and dopamine may influence appetitive behaviors. To investigate if bacterial metabolites affect sting sensitivity, we studied honey bees' defensive behavior using the Sting Extension Response (SER) assay. Bees colonized with different bacterial strains showed varied responses to electric shocks, indicating potential effects on aversive stimulation. However, contamination in our experimental groups limits the conclusive evidence, highlighting the need for further research
Pinault, Patricia. "Vécu de femmes atteintes de cancer du sein : du traumatisme à l'ajustement défensif, vers une libération psychique." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCC019.
Full textTo be confronted with cancer is a traumatism event that highlights the vulnerability and mortality of the human being. Many writings show how people with cancer mobilize psychological défenses when they learn of their disease, during treatment and afterwards, to protect themselves against the unspeakable reality of the disease.In this clinical study, starting from the real experience of women with breast cancer, we propose a different point of view that is, not only to identify defensive functioning during the course of the disease, but also to measure the evolution of this mental process at the diagnosis, during treatment and six months after treatment. For this, we carried out a longitudinal and comparative study with twenty-one women, a study consisting of sixty-three interviews during three different stages.The results highlighted the use of a wide variety of psychological défenses that suggest a real plasticity of the mental functioning of the women, who enabled themselves to have more flexible inner behaviors. We also noticed a kind of universality of psychological implemented process, although the lived experience in the "story/history" of these women remains very personal. Indeed , most of them were able to rework the story of their life.The road towards self- discovery can be long. The awareness of life before cancer, the remenbrance of treatment and the time after disease will never be forgotten. Finally, this research highlights clinical situations related to the reality of death that however belong to livings and its attachment
Dupin, Maryne. "Réponses de peur et encodage du temps dans la formation des mémoires de peur chez le rat : du comportement aux réseaux neuronaux." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1308.
Full textFear conditioning is one of the most commonly used tasks to study the formation of emotional memories. In this thesis, we were interested in odor fear conditioning in which the arrival of an odor is followed after a fixed time interval by an aversive stimulus. The animal learns very quickly that the odor predicts the arrival of the aversive stimulus and develops a fear response to the odor characterized by different behaviors such as immobility of fear (freezing), the emission of ultrasonic vocalizations, or variations in respiratory rate. The first objective of this thesis was to characterize the impact of ultrasonic vocalization emission on the rat's brain activities. In this learning, the animal also learns the duration of the interval between the arrival of the odor and the aversive stimulus. The circuits underlying the encoding of durations in this learning have been very little studied. However, time encoding is involved in many behaviors, and would be a fundamental component of associative learning. The second objective of the thesis was thus to characterize the temporal course of fear responses during the odor- aversive stimulus interval, as well as that of brain activities. For these two objectives, we used a fine-grain behavioural approach coupled with electrophysiological recording of oscillatory activities in a network of structures including the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, dorsal striatum and olfactory cortex. We have shown that within this network, oscillatory activities are modulated by the duration of the interval, in relation to behavioural responses
Grangier, Julien. "Stabilité évolutive d'un mutualisme plante/fourmis obligatoire et spécifique." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/317/.
Full textIn theory, shifts to unidirectional exploitation are often possible in mutualisms as former mutualits evolve towards parasitism or because external organisms interfere with established associations. Paradoxically, mutualisms are everywhere. How can they persist in the face of these destabilizing pressures? We explored this question in the Guianian myrmecophyte Hirtella physophora and its almost exclusive inhabitant, the ant Allomerus decemarticulatus. First, we examined all the effects that the partners have on each other. For the plant, the ants represent an optimal, indirect defence against herbivores, mainly as a by-product of their foraging activity. For the ants, the plant offers shelter and some nectar, and also conditions favouring their use of an exclusive territory. Thus the global functioning of this mutualism corresponds to the concept of pseudoreciprocity, a situation limiting the possibilities of conflict between partners. Moreover, contrary to other congeneric species, A. Decemarticulatus does not systematically castrate its host in response to the nesting space limitation. Besides, we studied the encounter of the partners to determine what prevents the presence of intruders. We experimentally tested the role interspecific competition, selective filters and host recognition by the queens could have. The last mechanism, rarely demonstrated, proved to be prominent and could contribute to the structuring of a compartmentalized community that favours the perpetuation of very specific associations
Lardaud-Clerc, Caroline. "Le changement de comportement du créancier en cours d'exécution du contrat. Étude de droit français et anglais." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30060.
Full textThe change of behaviour refers to a situation in which, during the performance stage of the contract, the promisor behaves in a manner which is contrary to the existing contractual rights, but later neverthless insists on their application. Faced with the classic rules of contract law (sanctity of contracts, consideration), this volte-face should have no legal force. Yet, by prohibiting the promisor’s demand to perform the original agreement, French and English judges nevertheless introduce this situation in the law of contracts.Like frustration, the change of behaviour disrupts the performance of the contract ; like good faith and Equity, it is based on morality ; like an abuse of right, it punishes inconsistency ; like the theory of « apparence », it is in between facts and law. In spite of this, the change of behaviour stands out ; as it does not share the exact same scope as the expectations theory or the inconsistent behaviour theory, no other legal theory can wholly translate it into the law of the contracts. The change of behaviour therefore needs its proper legal framework which must consequently be found. The search is helped by the prism of comparative law, between French and Englis laws.The change of behaviour reveals a waiver of the promisor’s debt. The waiver is made possible by the contractual prerogatives he holds, prerogatives which are justified by the ownership of the debt. The efficiency of this flexible understanding of contractual content requires the obliteration of any litigation shield. As a consequence, forbidding the change should not only be seen as a defense against inconsistency, but should highlight a legally binding behaviour
Zytnicki, Jérémy. "L'irréversible violence ou la psychanalyse des seuils." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UNIP7071.
Full textResearch attempts to relate the notions of violence, saturation and threshold. It aims to put in place a method that facilitates the assessment of the increase in saturation by identifying the "saturation thresholds" that precede the onset of violence.These different thresholds can be studied through three specific indicators: defense mechanisms, behaviors and types of relationship to the object. Each one of them produces significant transformations during the increases of saturation on which we can rely to identify the different passages from one threshold to another. The hypothesis of this research therefore postulates that, moving towards increasingly higher thresholds, saturation is indelibly directed towards violence, which is no longer considered as an impulsive and unpredictable reaction but as the result of a progressive reduction of the "behavioral freedom".I call behavioral freedom, not only the reduction of behaviors towards a single behavior but also the limitation of defense mechanisms, behavior and types of relationship to the object to a single form of expression. This research was developed from the study of autistic people and saturated non-autistic adolescents and a method of identifying saturation thresholds that is carried out in three stages: a first stage of clinical development to understand the mechanisms underlying the saturation and its various issues, a second stage of classification of the defense mechanisms, behaviors and different types of relationship to the object, and a third stage which seeks to set up a tool for clinical evaluation
Partouche, Judith. "Entre prévention et promotion : l’impact de la saillance de mortalité sur le cadrage situationnel en consommation et sur les préférences produits." Thesis, Paris 9, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA090057/document.
Full textDeath is the unescapable event that most of individuals want to hide motivated by a fundamental will to stay alive. Because it can be source of mystery, fascination and anxiety, this topic has been of specific interest in psychology thanks to the Terror Management Theory (TMT). This theory enables to understand how fear of death is fundamentally anchored in the human nature and the defense mechanisms that are used in response to death reminders that are aroused by the mortality salience situation. This doctoral research aims at filling the gap in the litterature on TMT while studying specifically the impact of mortality salience on situational regulatory focus, i.e. the adoption of an approach versus avoidance strategy and the preferences for promotion versus prevention products. In this perspective, an experimentation has been conducted among 360 individuals from two distinct age classes (40-59 and 60-79). The results confirm the existence of two independent processes (approach vs. avoidance), so that the mortality salience manipulation leads to the adoption of a specific strategy and distinct product preferences. They also show the main moderator role of chronological age in this process, that can be mainly explained by the aging process
Fassier, Christian. "Travail policier en commissariat : épreuves psychiques et dégagements." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAC020.
Full textIn French Police the number of suicides among policemen (50 in 2017, probably more than 55 in 2019) is one of the most enlightening revealers of the actual policeman social unrest. Based on the activity analysis, the research conveys on process behind suicide acting out of some policemen. In Police institution, with a strong historical culture, it could be noticed a double regulation : control regulation and autonomous regulation, with a lack of dialogue between both. While that the job transmission is realized in the field activity and that an old hand role is essential for well-done work. Today it could be observe a deficiency of job rules development and debate. The norm production would be a condition of social integration, which is, itself, a condition of acting power and of suicide risk prevention. A crisis linked with the discovery by policemen of powerlessness and vulnerability feelings, is arousing a strong collective anxiety for the majority, and anguish until mental distress for some. The majority fight this unrest, by strategies of disengagement like operational retreat, tactics accommodation or deviancy. Process by collective narration and practical rules formulation are encountered in rare teams, where is visible a well-being status at work. Occupational psychology will contribute to fund a primary prevention by developing necessary conditions to a regulation activity in work debate spaces, social integration will be maintained for all
Pignatel, Laura. "L'émergence d'un neurodroit : contribution à l'étude de la relation entre les neurosciences et le droit." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0512.
Full textSince 2011, law and neuroscience have had a unique relationship. The law of bioethics of July 7, 2011 makes France the first country in the world to enact, through a legislative text, the use of brain imaging techniques for legal expertise examinations. In this context, France assists to the emergence of a « neurodroit ». Translated from the English neologism « neurolaw », the neurolaw is a new medical-legal concept that incorporates neuroscience research results from brain imaging techniques into the legal process. The most well known, and the most controversial, brain imaging technique that neurolaw uses is the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique. The contribution of neuroscience to legal issues is therefore considerable : on the one hand, it uses brain imaging as evidence at trial in search of the truth, and on the other hand it legitimizes, and provides an understanding for how judicial actors and magistrates make their decisions. But beyond its uniqueness, the relationship between neuroscience and the law is still limited. While France is the only country in the world to have legislatively addressed this « neurolaw » and in theory neurolaw is useful, there is currently no use in practice. However, while the neurodroit is only at its beginning stage in France, by continuing to perfect the brain imaging techniques, and by continuing to better understand people’s behaviors, Neurolaw will soon be able to provide the possibility of a better and improved legal system