Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Comportement aux chocs thermiques'
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Peigne, Philippe. "Résistance aux chocs thermiques des céramiques thermomécaniques." Lyon, INSA, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ISAL0079.
Full textIn order to developed ceramic as bruners and heat exchangers for French gas industry, we have undertaken an extensive study of the behaviour of the ceramics under thermal stresses. We first present a new theory of thermal shock : the load approach that is divided into two succeeding parts : - we first determine the temperature and stress distribution across the sample. - We introduce a defect in the sample, and study is behaviour submitter to the temperature and stress distribution calculated in part 1. In order to show experimental confirmation, a new high temperature thermal cycling equipment has been developed cup to 1250°C for the higher temperature and 700°C for the lower one). Thermal shock damages are detected using acoustic emission measurement. To very good correlation is found between experimental results on alumina and zirconia and a new theoretical approach of thermal shock
Khlifi, Imad. "Optimisation of optical methods for strain field measurements dedicated to the characterisation of the fracture behaviour of refractories : Application to magnesia based materials." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0123.
Full textMagnesia-spinel and magnesia-hercynite bricks destined for thermal shock applications in cement rotary kilns often show an enhanced crack propagation resistance due to an engineered microstructure design. In these materials, microcrack networks resulting from the thermal expansion mismatch between magnesia matrix and spinel/hercynite aggregates promote the activation of energy dissipating mechanisms within the so-called Fracture Process Zone (FPZ) during loading. In this research, the fracture behaviour of magnesia-based model materials was investigated by coupling a refined Digital Image Correlation method (2P-DIC) with the Wedge Splitting Test (WST). The coupling of these advanced characterisation methods has proven to be very effective in measuring important fracture parameters accurately and in highlighting characteristic fracture mechanisms, such as crack-branching. The investigation of microstructure-property relationships underlined the impact of thermally induced microcracks on the thermomechanical behaviour of magnesia-spinel and magnesia-hercynite materials. Despite the rather similar elastic and dilatometric properties of spinel and hercynite single constituents, peculiar microcracking patterns were observed, especially in magnesia-hercynite. In fact, extensive diffusion between magnesia and hercynite during sintering led to the formation of spinel solid solutions around hercynite aggregates. As a result of thermal expansion mismatch with magnesia, these solid solutions contributed to creating numerous fine microcracks confined within the diffusion zone. Initially present within the microstructure, microcrack networks promote an increase of the specific fracture energy during WST experiments. Moreover, the analysis of strain fields measured by 2P-DIC revealed extensive crack branching for magnesia-hercynite materials. In essence, 2P-DIC and WST measurements showed that microcrack networks promoted the development of the FPZ, which in turn induced higher fracture energies. In a refined R-curve approach, effective fracture energies were calculated using crack lengths measured by 2P-DIC, which helped establish strong links between FPZ development and an enhanced crack propagation resistance. The tendencies observed at room temperature during WST experiments were confirmed during thermal cycling experiments using a novel thermal shock device
Mouiya, Mossaab. "Thermomechanical properties of refractory materials, influence of the diffuse microcracking." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LIMO0066.
Full textRefractory materials are widely used in high-temperature applications but are not always prone to resist severe thermal shock. To address this problem, microstructure incorporating pre-existing microcracks are already well known to improve thermal shock resistance. Nevertheless, such damaged microstructure needs a better understanding to optimize their design without compromising material integrity. In such context, Aluminum Titanate (Al₂TiO₅, AT) exhibiting a great thermal expansion anisotropy, constitutes an ideal model system for creating a tailored microcracks network in order to improve flexibility and fracture behavior. This thesis investigates the thermomechanical properties of developed AT-based refractory materials, including polycrystalline AT and alumina/AT composites, with emphasis on the relationship between microstructure and macroscopic properties. In both materials, pre-existing microcracks play a key role on Young's modulus, thermal expansion behavior, tensile stress-strain response, fracture energy, and thus thermal shock resistance. A significant hysteretic effect on Young's modulus and thermal expansion as a function of temperature indicates microcracks closure-reopening mechanisms. Uniaxial tensile tests revealed nonlinear stress-strain laws, impacting fracture energy and thermal shock resistance. In particular, incremental tensile tests at 850 °C showed contrasting behaviors during heating and cooling, attributed to thermal history. Composite materials with AT inclusions (0 - 10 wt.%) embedded in an alumina matrix exhibit diffuse microcracking due to thermal expansion mismatch. These composites exhibited reduced Young's modulus, highly nonlinear stress-strain laws, and higher strain to rupture at room temperature. Thermal shock tests performed by the innovative ATHORNA device for all studied AT-based materials confirmed their resilience under high thermal gradients. These findings provide valuable insights for the design of future advanced refractory materials with improved thermal shock resistance
Douale, Philippe. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation thermomécanique du comportement de revêtements en chocs thermiques intenses et cycliques." ENSMP, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ENMP0922.
Full textGaudon, Alain. "Etude expérimentale et numérique de la résistance aux chocs thermiques de céramiques thermomécaniques." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30252.
Full textMichel, Valérie. "Caracterisation de la reponse aux chocs thermiques d'une bacterie psychrotrophe d'alteration, pseudomonas fragi." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF21813.
Full textForster, Stéphane. "Fiabilité fonctionnelle et mécanismes de dégradation des TRIACs soumis aux chocs thermiques par di/dt à la fermeture." Metz, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2001/Forster.Stephane.SMZ0137.pdf.
Full textTRIACs are bi-directional current switches that are generally protected from perturbations, like dV/dt, by a Snubber circuit. This circuit creates, at the turn-on of the TRIACs, high current pulses (di/dt) responsible of the early degradation of the power devices. The author studies the thermoelectric and thermomecanical effects of the turn-on TRIACs under strong di/dt through transient ISE simulations and failure analysis. The degradation mechanism is characterized by the formation of hot spots in the structure (silicon undergoes a thermal shock) that induce mechanical tensile forces in the die. These cycles of mechanical stress develop the initial defects in fatigue micro-cracks in the silicon bulk or at the interface with the metallic contact. The statistical analysis of the thermal fatigue of the TRIACs shows that the device failures folow a Weibull distribution. An extrapolation law, obtained theoretically from the degradation mechanism, is validated by accelerated life tests. This law is used to estimate the lifetime of the TRIACs under nominal di/dt for a defined application
Forster, Stéphane Charles Jean-Pierre. "Fiabilité fonctionnelle et mécanismes de dégradation des TRIACs soumis aux chocs thermiques par di/dt à la fermeture." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/2001/Forster.Stephane.SMZ0137.pdf.
Full textSebbani, Mohamed Jamal Eddine. "Étude théorique et expérimentale de la corrélation entre la résistance aux chocs thermiques et aux chocs mécaniques des matériaux réfractaires utilisés dans les fours de traitement de l'aluminium." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ65550.pdf.
Full textSIMONNEAU, ANDRE MARIE. "Resistance aux chocs thermiques et a la fatigue thermique des ceramiques thermomecaniques : influence des conditions experimentales." Limoges, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIMO0062.
Full textPiette, Coudol Frédérick. "Modélisation et simulation de la tenue aux chocs des talons de chaussure femme." Chambéry, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CHAMS001.
Full textLn order to satisfy the product quality, CTC carries out various tests on the shoes. Ln the case of women shoes, a testing machine of shocks makes possible to test, at the same time, the resistance of a heel and fixing of this sole with the heel. However, the development of new heel geometries, until the final test of control, is very long and expensive. CTC thus wishes to develop methods of heel design more powerful, able to reduce the design cycles. The objective of this work is to model and simulate this impact test on the heels. After a bibliographical study on polymers, experimental tests were realized on test-pieces and structures. Local measurements of kinematics and thermals fields allowed a better identification of the behaviour model. The digital model of the impact test takes the characteristics of the testing machine obtained after instrumentation. Modelling is validated by a comparison between the numerical and experimental results relating to data such as the effort, the displacement and the temperature variations. The results obtained are in agreement with the experiment. Sole/heel fixing is also studied. A method, based on the static balance of the heel, is developed. It makes possible to determine the configuration and the number of fasteners necessary to obtain a good fixing. The unknown of this method is the effort to be applied in static calculation, this last is determined by simulation taking again the geometry of the sole and the heel
Hibouche, Akli. "Sol traités aux liants : performances hydro-mécaniques et hygro-thermiques : application en BTP." Thesis, Le Havre, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEHA0023/document.
Full textAEarthen construction is one of the most common construction technique used since the earliest times. The raw material is abundant, requires very little energy to manufacture, and does not generate waste. Building today with raw materials made from the earth requires outstanding mechanical performance from such non-fired materials. To achieve this performance, the treatment of the soil with binders is one of the techniques used to improve the strength and durability of these materials. The aim of the present PhD dissertation is to study the treated soils with binders for two different applications: an experimental compacted embankment for application in public works ( a dam innovative design, through the use of materials obtained by treatment with lime ) and earthen concrete called " Cematerre " for application in building ( walls and structural elements with good hygrothermal performance). In both cases, the goal is to characterize and possibly improve the mechanical strength, stiffness, hydric and hydraulic characteristics and the hygrothermal properties. For the earthen concrete " Cematerre ", the preliminary studies according to an experimental protocol under CSTB specifications have led to the so-called “ATEx A” official qualification. The next phase was to improve the formulation with the aim of improving the mechanical strength of the material. The design of experiments has been used to establish models formulations targeting the sought strength. The study of hygrothermal behavior of earthen concrete is addressed by analyzing the coupled transfer phenomenon of heat and moisture. Hygrothermal parameters were determined in the laboratory. The measurement of these parameters has allowed the realization of dynamic thermal simulations that have highlighted the benefit of this material when compared with standard concrete. For silt treated with lime and compacted, the results showed that the small strain modulus E increases with the confining stress and the curing time and decreases slightly with the strain level in the range of stress tested. A power law E = ßo1m describes the variation of the modulus, β and m are functions of the curing time and the strain level. Moreover, the coefficients of saturated and unsaturated permeability do not change with the curing time. The volumetric creep does not appear to be influenced by the curing time, i.e. , the increase in stiffness due to the development of pozzolanic reactions did not prevent the material from creeping as much after 28 days as after a year of curing time
Durand, Fabienne. "Etude de l'influence de la microstructure sur les propriétés mécaniques à chaud et la résistance aux chocs thermiques des matériaux carbonés." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0080.
Full textCarbon materials studied, mainly used as electrodes in aluminium electrolysis cells, have a heterogeneous microstructure composed of several carbon phases showing different properties, and their fracture behaviour is complex. In their application, these products are working at high temperature and, therefore , they are submitted to severe mechanical and thermal solicitations. The understanding of the thermo-mechanical behaviour of carbon materials is then essential to optimize their application. The main interest of this work is to establish relation between the macroscopic characteristics of carbon materials at room temperature and at high temperature (fracture behaviour, crack growth resistance, thermal shock resistance) and their microstructure. Therefore, two experimental apparatus have been set up to determine the flexural strength up to 1400 °c and the Young's modulus up to 1200°c. In order to dee en the knowledge of the affect of porosity on the fracture mechanisms and the thermal shock resistance, some particular materials have been elaborated with different composition. The physical and the mechanical properties of the constituents (grains, binder, binder- powder matrix), like the carbon materials porosity described in detail, have been determined. A reversible increase of the mechanical characteristics with rising temperature is observed up to the baking temperature of the materials. This phenomenon is explained by the release of some of the thermal stresses due to the thermal expansion coefficient differences between constituents (Eshelby's theoryl. Moreover, thermo-mechanical properties of carbon materials generally higher for low porosity. Nevertheless, porosity has an influence on thermal shock resistance but in a more complex way : the determining factor seems to be the proportion of binder phase
Hamadi, Sarah. "Étude du comportement en oxydation de nouveaux revêtements en aluminiure de nickel dopé au zirconium. Application aux barrières thermiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00006150.
Full textSamyn, Fabienne. "Compréhension des procédés d'ignifugation du polyamide 6 : apport des nanocomposites aux systèmes retardateurs de flamme phosphorés." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-Samyn.pdf.
Full textBacia, Maria. "Comportement du carbone aux joints de grains du molybdène." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG4210.
Full textHarzallah, Ridha. "Étude du comportement mécanique et tribologique des aciers austénitiques au manganèse : application aux cœurs de voies ferroviaires." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00539563.
Full textBassiloua, Victor. "Comportement thermodynamique du système eau-2,5 lutidine : applications aux phénomènes d'adsorption et de mouillage aux interfaces solide-liquide et liquide-vapeur." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20077.
Full textRIGON, GIORDANO. "Etude de l'effet des chocs thermiques et/ou de l'irradiation sur la compatibilite physique et chimique d'un revetement et d'un substrat metallique. Application aux parois des reacteurs de fusion." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112307.
Full textCourbon, Cédric. "Vers une modélisation physique de la coupe des aciers spéciaux : intégration du comportement métallurgique et des phénomènes tribologiques et thermiques aux interfaces." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00713527.
Full textKilman, Laureline. "Modification des propriétés de surface de couches DLC obtenues par PECVD/PVD dans le but d'optimiser leur comportement tribologique en milieu lubrifié : application aux moteurs thermiques pour véhicules terrestres." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0077.
Full textDiamond-Like Carbon thin films are commonly used in automotive engines. Thanks to their very low friction coefficient and high hardness, it is indeed possible to optimize the performances and the lifetime of vehicles. However, most of the lubricants that are used in engines are designed to be in contact with metallic surfaces. So it might be possible to improve the global tribological behaviour of DLC films by giving them a metallic character. This can be achieved with the introduction of doping elements in limited and controlled amount (maximum 15 at. %) in the amorphous carbon matrix. An industrial scale reactor has been used with a hybrid coating technology combining PECVD for the deposition of hydrogenated DLC and magnetron sputtering for the introduction of the dopants. Four elements have been tested with various amounts in the DLC: aluminium, copper, molybdenum and niobium. The physico-chemical properties of the films have been characterized by XPS (chemical composition and bonding) and Raman spectroscopy (structure). Hardness, friction and wear in both dry and lubricated conditions, and surface energy have also been determined. Two in situ studies under temperature have been conducted by Raman spectroscopy for deposited thin films. Compared to a pure DLC, doping led to a modification of the structure resulting in a decrease in hardness. However, except for copper doping, a significant reduction of friction and wear in dry conditions is observed. Despite this promising result, the impact of doping on lubricated tribological behaviour is limited and strongly dependent on the composition of the lubricant itself. Finally, the industrial transfer of DLC metallic doping has been studied and validated
Do, Duc Phi. "Application des approches d'homogénéisation à l'étude des propriétés thermo-hydro-mécaniques des roches. Application aux argilites." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPL091N/document.
Full textThe present work deals with the linear and non-linear thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of porous rocks such as the argillite by the multiscale modelling approach. Based on microstructure observations, a conceptual model was proposed. In this model, the representative elementary volume of a heterogeneous medium is composed of an argillaceous matrix containing spherical inclusions of minerals quartz and calcite and ellipsoidal inclusions representing the pore space. In a first step, the process of modelling has been exploited by determining the isotropic and transversely isotropic effective properties of the argillite: thermal conductivity and thermo-hydro-mechanical properties. Furthermore, many numerical studies have highlighted the influence of the morphology of the pore space, of the mineralogy and of the estimate schemes to the predictive results. In a second step, we modelled the non linear mechanical behaviour (elasto-plastic, elasto-viscoplastic) of argillaceous rocks. The comparison between numerical simulations and available experimental results (triaxial compression test, creep test) confirmed the validation of the model developed
Börner, Reina. "Modélisation d'échangeur de chaleur : analyse théorique et expérimentale du comportement en régime transitoire : particularisation aux capteurs solaires et optimisation des systèmes moteurs associés." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL011N.
Full textTawfiq, Sheerko. "Étude du comportement en sollicitations thermiques cycliques et tribologiques d'alliages rechargés par procédé plasma : application aux alliages base nickel, base cobalt et base fer dans le cas du laminage continu à chaud du cuivre." Compiègne, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985COMPD008.
Full textDesaulty, Anne-Marie. "Apport des analyses chimiques multi technique à la compréhension du comportement des éléments traces dans les filières sidérurgiques anciennes : application aux études de provenance et à la distinction des procédés : le cas du Pays de Bray normand." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00552060.
Full textOrlacchio, Rosa. "Millimeter waves for biomedical electromagnetics : study of changes induced at the cellular level by pulsed electromagnetically-induced heating." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S077.
Full textThe lower part of the millimeter wave (MMW) band (i.e., 20–100 GHz) is an attractive alternative for non-invasive thermal treatment of melanoma. Besides, pulsed electromagneticallyinduced heating can lead to stronger damage in cells compared to traditional continuous heating. In in-vitro experiments, continuous-wave (CW) or pulsed-wave (PW) amplitude-modulated MMW can be efficiently used to locally heat cell monolayers with a typical thickness ranging between 3 μm and 10 μm. In this work we investigate the modifications induced at the cellular level in melanoma cells following exposure to CW and PW MMW-induced heating with the same average temperature rise, at 58.4 GHz. First, the impact of thermal convection on temperature dynamics in models representing typical in vitro exposure conditions during CW and PW-induced heating is experimentally investigated. Second, the heat shock response, mediated by phosphorylation of a small heat shock protein (HSP27) and activation of Caspase-3, indicator of cellular apoptosis, are quantified to monitor the biological response using an experimental approach based on fluorescence microscopy. Two pulse durations (1.5 s and 6 s) are considered. Our results demonstrate that thermal pulses are able to induce a stronger cellular response in melanoma cells both in terms of heat shock and cellular mortality compared to the one induced by CW. The shorter the pulse duration, the greater the cellular response
GOUBEL, Clément. "Modélisation d’essais de choc sur dispositifs de retenue de véhicules : Application aux dispositifs mixtes acier-bois." Phd thesis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00990871.
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