Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Comportement animal – Modèles mathématiques'
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Viejo, Guillaume. "Coordination de systèmes de mémoire : modèles théoriques du comportement animal et humain." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066445/document.
Full textDuring this PhD funded by the B2V Memories Observatory, we performed a mathematical modeling of behavior in three distinct tasks (with human subjects, monkeys and rodents), all involving coordination between memory systems. In the first experiment, we reproduced the behavior of human subjects (choice and reaction time) by combining the mathematical models of working memory and procedural memory. For each subject, we associated their behavior to the best possible model by comparing generic models of coordination of these two memories from the current literature as well as our own proposal of a dynamic interaction between memories. In the end, it was our proposal of an interaction instead of a strict separation which proved most effective in the majority of cases to explain the behavior of the subjects. In a second experiment, the same coordination models were tested in a monkey task. Considered as a transferability test, this experiment mainly demonstrates the need for coordination of memories to explain the behavior of certain monkeys. In a third experiment, we modeled the behavior of a group of mice confronted with the learning of a motor action sequence in a labyrinth without visual cues. Comparing with two other learning strategies (path integration and graph planning), the combination of an episodic memory with a procedural memory proved to be the best model to reproduce the behavior of mice
Bernard, Alexandre. "De l'activité individuelle à la coopération auto-organisée chez les arthropodes : exemple de la construction d'une toile chez les araignées." Nancy 1, 2002. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2002_0232_BERNARD.pdf.
Full textMoongathottathil, James Ashwin. "Apprentissage de la structure pour modéliser le comportement individuel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ4056.
Full textTraditional reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms primarily focus on selecting actions that maximize rewards, but real-world decision-making involves more than just optimizing rewards. It also requires individuals to construct internal representations of the environment, an area that has received less attention in behavioral studies. In this work, we present a novel computational framework that deepens our understanding of the decision-making process by integrating these internal representations. We define the internal structure of learning agents as a combination of RL learning rules and their internal environment representations. To infer these structures, we introduce structure learning methods that extract internal models of learning agents from behavioral data in two settings: one where the internal structure remains static and another, more complex scenario, where agents dynamically update their internal structure. For the latter case, we propose Dynamic Structure Learning (DSL), a method that captures time-varying internal models and models individual behavior as a function of evolving internal representations.We apply our structure learning framework to behavioural data from rats in a T-maze experiment, providing new insights into individual learning processes in real-world settings. Our results suggest that individual differences in learning among rats can be explained by their different internal structures. The DSL method reveals that rats refine their internal environment representations as they learn, suggesting that successful learning requires constructing an internal model that increasingly aligns with the external world.This research moves beyond static models and population-level analyses, providing tools to investigate individual learning processes in greater depth. The implications of our findings extend to both reinforcement learning and artificial intelligence, offering new perspectives on how individuals build and adapt internal representations of their environment, and advancing AI systems toward more accurate emulation of human and animal intelligence
Nguyen, Thi Quynh Nga. "Modélisation spatiale de la dynamique des invasions : applications à la lutte biologique contre les Aedes spp. (Diptera culicidae)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 13, 2024. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/intranet/edgalilee_th_2024_nguyenthiquynhnga.pdf.
Full textIn this thesis, we focus on mathematical modeling and analysis of invasion dynamics, with application to the biological control of Aedes mosquitoes, vectors of various diseases such as dengue, zika, chikungunya, and yellow fever. We focus on the study of spatial effects on population persistence and extinction, which remains a fundamental challenge in the study of population dynamics. Biological controls based on the rear and release technique are sustainable and environmentally friendly. These techniques involve releasing large numbers of insects reared in the laboratory that are either sterile or incapable of transmitting disease, in order to reduce or replace the wild population. Reaction-diffusion models have been applied and updated in this work to describe the spatial phenomena that influence the effectiveness of these techniques. In an isolated area, we provide a critical domain size to ensure the efficacy of the control in the presence of migration of individuals on the boundary. In wide regions, we design moving release strategies to block and reverse the propagation of the population. A metapopulation model with discrete diffusion is also used to model the population in the presence of inaccessible zones. The monotonicity is the key tool to analyze the models to help design better release strategies. We also use empirical data to calibrate the models using an approach that combines the mechanistic view of differential equations and the statistical view of data to make simulations and predictions about mosquito population behavior while applying these techniques in the field
Puillet, Laurence. "Modéliser la variabilité biologique en réponse aux pratiques de conduite : application au troupeau caprin laitier." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00619406.
Full textČulig, Luka. "Effets de l'augmentation de la neurogénèse adulte dans un modèle murin écologique de dépression." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4021.
Full textMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder hypothesized to be associated with alterations in brain circuitry, dysregulations of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and impairments in adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). Multiple lines of evidence point to the involvement of AHN in mood and anxiety disorders, leading to the formation of the “neurogenesis hypothesis”, which postulates that adult-born hippocampal neurons are involved in the etiology and treatment efficacy of MDD. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of adult-born neurons after the onset of stress exposure and the mechanism that underlies the observed results. Our results suggest that increasing neurogenesis is sufficient to buffer against the effects of chronic stress on certain behavioral and endocrine levels and thus to display antidepressant-like effects, both behaviorally and physiologically. Adult-born neurons might have exerted some of their effects via the anteromedial division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTMA)
Prima, Marie-Caroline. "Utilisation de l'espace par les grands herbivores dans un environnement hétérogène et dynamique : méthodologie et applications." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34748.
Full textIn my thesis, I develop mechanistic models of space use based on animal movement, to understand and to predict population distribution in heterogeneous and dynamic landscapes. Used and developed methodologies couple mathematical modelling of the spatio-temporal dynamics of animal movement together with statistical analysis of simulated and empirical movement datasets. In my first chapter, I proceed in a series of simulations to clarify how many clusters are needed when using generalized estimating equations to correctly account for the correlation in movement data and to obtain robust inference on habitat selection. My simulations reveal that 30 independent individuals, each assigned to a cluster, are sufficient to avoid biased evaluation of the uncertainty on habitat selection along movement in heterogeneous environments. When less than 30 individuals are available, destructive sampling can be used but solely when temporal correlation is present and inter-individual heterogeneity is low in the data. In my second chapter, I develop a statistical movement model that allows to identify successive behavioral phases (e.g., foraging phase, inter-patch movement) together with behavior-specific habitat selection parameters, over the whole population and using temporally irregular data. Analysis of simulated and empirical movement data from three large herbivores including plains bison (Bison bison bison), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and plains zebra (Equus quagga) show the robustness and the high predictive capacity of the model. This statistical tool is also flexible since I assess multiple ecological processes from those datasets such as foraging behavior, migratory behavior or prey-predator interactions. In addition, I show how accounting for behavioral phases in habitat selection analysis is crucial to correctly characterize habitat selection along animal movement. In my third chapter, I develop a mathematical framework to couple movement of individuals among a network of resource patches with residency time in patches to mechanistically predict space use in heterogeneous landscapes. In addition, I illustrate a methodology to identify and predict the most representative theoretical network for the target species. I show from model application on data of plains bison that the theoretical network topology is crucial to correctly infer population space use and implement realistic management and conservation planning. In my chapter 4, I empirically assess the robustness of a network of resource patches following landscape fragmentation from anthropogenic source. The analysis shows that woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) reconnect some patches, thus causing robustness in their spatial networks. However, predictions on space use from the mechanistic model developed in chapter 3 reveal that, despite the rewiring, patch use change following the fragmentation. Moreover, this change is stronger when the most connected patches (i.e., the hubs) are impacted. My thesis provides a methodological contribution to better account for correlation in movement data and integrate behavioral phases in habitat selection analysis in heterogeneous landscapes. Besides, my work links network theory and space use to mechanistically predict population distribution in heterogeneous and dynamic environments. My research also assesses the context in which network theory can be applied to spatial ecology. Finally, my thesis improves our mechanistic understanding of animal movement in four species of large herbivores.
Boudraa, Kamla. "Comportement asymptotique de fluides non-newtoniens." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090019.
Full textMouli, Richard. "Un modèle d'animation comportementale fondé sur le concept de personnage." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30192.
Full textXexo, Gjergj. "Flamme de diffusion turbulente dans un écoulement transversal : comportement dynamique et rayonnement." Toulouse, INPT, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT082H.
Full textLefêvre, Franck. "Comportement en cisaillement et évolution de la morphologie des discontinuités rocheuses." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INPL058N.
Full textLancelot, Laurent. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation du comportement des poudres de l'industrie chimique." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10015.
Full textAlzina, Arnaud. "Comportement thermomécanique d'éléments de stuctures composites en milieu cryogénique extrême." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00202309/document.
Full textHarth, Virginie. "Modélisation du comportement pneumatique au passage d'obstacles." Lyon, INSA, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ISAL0091.
Full textA new tire - obstacle model has been presented. Starting from the simple fact that tire behaviour depends essentially on the air contained in the tire , this approach is based on the tire air volume optimisation. During section optimisation, the systematic use of undimensional expressions allows to express the tire statical momentum as a function of geometrical tire constants and four functions of , which are the same for all tires. Afterwards the tire has been discretised in N masses which are connected to the rim by a force derived from the air force function, and connected together with rigid links. Thus the tire free shape was optimised by resolving the dynamic equations. This tire model has been validated for statical and dynamical solicitations
Tchamba, Jean Claude. "Contribution à l'étude expérimentale du comportement des matériaux cimentaires au jeune âge : pression, rhéologie et perméabilité." Lorient, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LORIS112.
Full textThe advent of the Self Compacting Concretes brought important evolutions in the sectors of building behaviour of materials with cementing matrix in a fresh state in particular self compacting concrete. The objective is to follow the evolution of the constraints of structuring and the intrinsic parameters (particularly the threshold of shearing) of these materials, before, during and after the implementation. Experiments of pore water pressures coupled with rheology were carried out on pastes cement and concretes at constant temperature 20° C. The studied mixtures were manufactured with same cement. The approach among other things consists in crossing the results obtained using a casing column, of a rheometer of laboratory for better determining the behaviour of materials tested. A first trial run made it possible to be interested in the problems of recoveries of shear stresses the walls using three devices to determine the constraints of structuring. A test on the column making it possible to measure the pore water pressure and the vertical pressure is carried out. Moreover, one study relating to the constraints with the interfaces was undertaken while being based on the evolution of the apparent mass of a plate immersed in studied materials. Lastly, the dimensional checks of endogenous withdrawal were carried out in parallel with the tests on the column. In the second time, a rotary rheometer, with Vane geometry coupled to interstitial pressure pick-ups was developed to describe the rheological characteristics of these materials. The aim is to follow the evolution of the flow property of material. In this context, the evaluation of the intrinsic parameters according to the model of Bingham was carried out. The results show the influence of the parameters of the composition on the rheological properties. Lastly, because of our interrogation on the evolution of the properties of transfer when the fresh material is at rest, an experimental campaign aiming at characterizing the permeability of a cement paste fresh by device of test oedometric and filtration is presented. We thus precisely measure compressing of material under load in conditions draining as well as the evolution of the permeabilities during the maturation of a cement paste
Ravaut, Yannick. "Caractérisation et modélisation du comportement de structures membranaires pressurisées." Nantes, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NANT2066.
Full textEscoffier, Sandra. "Caractérisation expérimentale du comportement hydromécanique des argilites de Meuse/Haute-Marne." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INPL018N.
Full textPopescu, R̆azvan Ștefan. "Modélisation du comportement des filtres en charbon actif utilisés pour l'épuration de l'air intérieur." La Rochelle, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LAROS238.
Full textIndoor air cleaning by adsorption offers interesting solutions which haven’t been optimized, exploited and not even explored. The models of activated carbon filter systems take into consideration the mixture of several pollutants characterized by low concentrations, variable composition in time, temperature and humidity. All these properties are determining the operating criteria like the designing or endurance of those systems. The first part of the paper presents a synthesized biographical study upon the chemical and physical phenomenon which are typical for the filtration processes by adsorption. The second part presents the models developed in Matlab/Simulink software by taking into account the simplified hypothesis applied for the particularities of indoor air cleaning. First isothermal and dry conditions were modeled and then the effects of humidity and temperature influence. Finally the last part describes the simulations realized with the developed models. Mono and multi compound models for dry and isothermal conditions were compared with the experimental data for 6 pollutants measured at Ecole des Mines d’Ales. The influence of humidity was studied separately making a comparison between two models proposed in the present paper. In the end the last simulations show the potential of activated carbon filters to improve the indoor air quality
Omnès, Benoît. "Modélisation micromécanique du comportement d'élastomères chargés." Lorient, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LORIS095.
Full textLimam, Fouad. "Contribution à l'analyse rhéologique du comportement viscoélastoplastique cyclique." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ECDL0016.
Full textAboura, Sofiane. "L' étude du comportement de la volatilité implicite." Aix-Marseille 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX32037.
Full textThis thesis deals with the study of the implied volatility behavior. The first part presents and simulates the main implied volatility models and option pricing models. The goal is to highlight the role of the parameters characterizing the volatility process on the smile deformation. The second part is dedicated to the study of the predictive power and to the transmission of implied volatility, within an international framework, between the French, German and US markets (VX1, VDAX and VIX). The objective is to measure the interactions between volatilities and to quantify their process. The third part is devoted to option valuation with a discussion on the empirical dynamic of the smile. The analysis concerns models derived from Black-Scholes (1973), models including information costs, stochastic volatility models and NGARCH models. The purpose is to underline the performance and limit of these models along with their smile
Preechawuttipong, Itthichai. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique de matériaux granulaires cohésifs." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20033.
Full textShao, Jianfu. "Etude du comportement d'une craie blanche très poreuse et modélisation." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10125.
Full textHuon, Vincent. "Une étude expérimentale et une première modélisation du comportement thermomécanique endommageable de quelques bétons." Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20045.
Full textAl, Jarbouh Ali. "Applications de la dérivation fractionnaire à la modélisation du comportement des matériaux viscoélastiques." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO10098.
Full textRoux, Pascale. "Design des organisations et dynamiques des réseaux pour innover : explorations théoriques et empiriques." Toulouse 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU10059.
Full textFew economic contributions have been dedicated to the understanding of how Network structures influence knowledge dynamics and innovation, which is the main concern of the thesis. The latter provides both theoretical and emperical insights on such issue. We first review the formal analysis of organization design and propose an emperical analysis of how such design influences ICT adoption. Next we study the effects of firms'internal design and external relations organization on their propensity to innovate. Moreover, the thesis provides a theoretical model which allows us to study the emergence of networks through a dynamic process in which agents strategically choose the agents with whom they may want to interact. The model shows how such network architectures strongly determine the accumulation of knowledge, the diffusion of ideas and innovative performance at both individual and aggregate levels
Ben, Ammou Saloua. "Comportement des valeurs propres en analyse des correspondances multiples sous certaines hypothèses de modèles." Paris 9, 1996. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1996PA090044.
Full textMultiple Correspondence Analysis and Log-Linear modelling are two techniques of multi-way contingency table analysis having different problematics and fields of application. Log-Linear models are profitably applied to a little number of variables. Multiple Correspondence Analysis is usefùl with large tables. This efficiency is balanced by the fact that MCA explicits relations between only two variables, and isn’t able to explicit relation between more than two, as can be done by Log-Linear modelling. The two approaches are complementary. The aim of this thesis is to study the behaviour of eigenvalues in Multiple Correspondence Analysis when data fit a known Log-Linear model, then to induct this model by successive utilisation of MCA. The innovation in this approach is the use of eigenvalues diagram in the détermination of the Log-Linear model. Affer giving a reminder of MCA, Log-Linear modelling, and study of behaviour of eigenvalues in Correspondence Analysis, we présent the distribution of eigenvalues in MCA under some hypothesis modelling. At the end of this work we propose an algorithm fitting progressively the Log-Linear model where the fitting test is based on eigenvalues diagram. The algorithm is validated on three sets of data used in literature
Houde, Marie-Josée. "Modélisation de poutres en béton armé endommagées par chargements cycliques : comportement en flexion et en cisaillement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24305/24305.pdf.
Full textThe objective of this research project is to develop a modeling tool (layer by layer) for the behavior of reinforced concrete members. For flexure, the model relies on the capacity to predict the behavior of a cracked section and also the behavior of the entire bent beam. Damage related to historic loading also applies, including permanent deformations and a diminished rigidity to the material. It is therefore possible to set up an alarm threshold by upgrading the reliability index of the structure which constitutes a complementary tool to telesurveillance or monitoring. An experimental program was setup to obtain results to validate the model with static and cyclic loading of instrumented beams. The comparison between the experimental results and the model predictions shows an excellent agreement for the static loading behavior, even though it is on the safe side of the performance index indicators. The phenomenon is nonetheless favourable for the proposed telesurveillance alarm threshold. Finally, the model can generate a rupture envelop including the interaction between the shear force and bending moment. The use of the modified compression field theory allows the follow-up of the crack inclination and the deformation in the stirrups at rupture. In summary, this prediction tool reveals to be a very useful one to simulate the behavior of reinforced concrete members subjected to shear and bending.
Guezzen, Samir. "Etude du comportement vibro-acoustique des structures nervurées." Lyon, INSA, 2004. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2004ISAL0092/these.pdf.
Full textThe acoustic environment is a more and more important element in the appreciation of the comfort of an automobile. Noise sources are numerous, nevertheless, they are often covered by dominating sources as the gearbox one, that has to be dealt with in priority. In this frame, the undertaken research thus has an important industrial fallout. A not very well-known aspect of the phenomenon is linked to the complexity of the radiating surface regarding this type of structure. The theme of the thesis concerns the study of the vibroacoustic behavior of ribbed structures. Two types of ribs have been made, humps and blades. It is made of two big parts : The first one concerns the study of the vibroacoustic behavior of ribbed plates, during which numerous interventions between experimentation and modeling have allowed to validate the computation methods and isolate the different physical parameters influencing the vibroacoustic behavior of the ribbed plates. The second part is about the numerical and experimental study of the vibroacoustic behavior of ribbed gearboxes, the main objective of which is the analysis of the rib effect inside and outside the gearbox. Other numerical results have been presented regarding on the one hand the effect of ribs over the radiation factor of a gearbox and on the other hand the influence of ribs between each face of the gearbox
Aleksy, Nicolas. "Etude du comportement mécanique des polymères en rayure." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EMSE0020.
Full textThe objective of the study is to develop a numerical model which describes the behaviour of amorphous glassy polymers submitted to a mechanical scratch test under ploughing and spherical conditions. After experimental validation, the model is used to simulate the scratch test conditions and clarify the interpretation of phenomena which occur during the mechanical process. First, a review of scratch tests applied to solid amorphous polymers is given and introduces the study and shows the sensitivity of the strain recovery to different classical stress/strain relations. It is shown that the elastic-viscoplastic model of Arruda and Boyce can account for the sensitivity of the yield stress to the strain rate only. However, when some viscoelastic behaviour is introduced, significant changes of the characteristic values of the scratch test can be obtained. Experimental nano-scratch tests carried out on PMMA (polymethylmetacrylate) samples confirm that this material may display time-dependent mechanical effect. The elastic-viscoplastic model of Arruda and Boyce is proved not to be sufficient to model the relationship between the scratching velocity and the experimental penetration depth. In that particular case, a viscoelastic-viscoplastic model seems to lead to a reliable solution. Finally, it is shown that an increase of the temperature can occur close to the tip in a scratch test. This thermal effect introduces some modifications of the behaviour of the PMMA in scratch test directly proportional to the scratch velocity. The healing phenomenon of the amorphous polymers, which is based on a heating of the sample in order to reduce the residual deformation, can be regarded as a viscoelastic thermally activated recovery and a hyperelastic hardening of the material
Desgrouas, Margot. "Comportement asymptotique de processus utilisés en fiabilité dynamique." Marne-la-Vallée, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MARN0305.
Full textIn dynamic reliability, a system is represented by a couple of random variables (It,Xt), where It stands for the discrete state of the system such as up or down state, and Xt stands for physical or environmental variables which influence jumps between discrete states. Between jumps, the evolution of the environmental variable is specified by a differential equation. Such processes (It,Xt) belong to the family of Piecewise Deterministic Markov Processes (PDMP). The aim of this thesis is the study of the asymptotic behaviour of these processes (convergence, existence and uniqueness of a stationary distribution). To carry out this work, we are first interested in existing theories which allow the study of the asymptotic behaviour and next, in providing specific results for dynamic reliability, by adapting the theory which seems the most appropriate. In a second time, we are interested in the computation of the stationary distribution. In a lot of cases, we can see that it is hard and even impossible to get an explicit expression for It. In order to get an approximation for this distribution, we propose a determinist numerical method based on a finite volume scheme
Buzon, Stéphanie Lydie Emma. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique des poutres mixtes sous charges modérées : réponse élastique et comportement au cours du temps." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR30020.
Full textThis thesis is concerned with the composite beams composed of a girder (steel, wood,. . . ) linked to a concrete slab by any connection system. The elastic analysis accounts for the slip at the slab-girder interface and for the slab reinforcement. The time-dependent behaviour accounts for the slip at the interface. For the time-dependent behaviour of the concrete and those of the girder (if it is composed op a viscoelastic material) according the incremental formulation of the linear viscoelasticity. The proposed approach has to main advantage to express the mechanical variables at a step-time only in function of these of the previous step-time. The computation of this model is checked by means of a numerical comparison with the general integral formulation computed by other authors. The simulations of the elastic behaviour and the time-dependent one are compared to test data. The engineering mechanical variables (stresses, strains, deflections) are accurately evaluated but the slip is always overestimated
Hurez, Anita. "Modélisation du comportement de stratifiés avec prise en compte de l'évolution de l'endommagement à l'aide d'un élément de plaque incluant les effets de cisaillement transversal." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD564.
Full textTrouillet, Benoît. "Sur l'évaluation du comportement logique des systèmes de production manufacturière par méthodes exactes." Lille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL10021.
Full textL'obtention d'un graphe d'événements permet d'envisager une approche algébrique du comportement logique du SFPM en considérant un marquage initial quelconque. Dans le cas d'une étude d'un graphe d'événements pondéré, la présence de poids sur les arcs induit l'utilisation de l'opérateur div correspondant à la division euclidienne. Ainsi, une abstraction du comportement logique conduit à un système d'équations non-linéaire au sens du dioïde (min,+). Ce qui justifie l'étude d'une méthode de linéarisation permettant l'expression du comportement logique à l'aide d'un système d'équation linéaire. Pour une classe de réseaux de Pétri, un algorithme de linéarisation est proposé. Par conséquent, l'ensemble des séquencements possibles des opérations du modèle intial, avec le respect des contraintes de fonctionnement, correspond à l'ensemble des solutions du système d'équations linéaires obtenu. Le comportement logique du réseau de Pétri initial peut être étudié sur un horizon (nombre de steps) quelconque, dont le résultat correspond aux séquences de franchissements engendrant un comportement cyclique d'horizon prédéfini. Dans ce cadre l'évaluation des performances des solutions obtenues peut être effectuée à priori
Abou-Chakra, Guéry Ariane. "Contributions à la modélisation micromécanique du comportement non linéaire de l'argilite du Callovo-Oxfordien." Lille 1, 2007. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2007/50376-2007-191.pdf.
Full textThis work is performed in the general context of the project of underground disposal of radioactive waste, undertaken by the French National Radioactive Waste Management Agency (Andra). Due to its strong density and weak permeability, the formation of Callovo-Oxfordian argillite is chosen as one of possible geological barriers to radionuclides. The objective of the study to develop and validate a non linear homogenization approach of the mechanical behavior of Callovo-Oxfordian argillites. The material is modelled as a composite constituted of an elasto(visco)plastic clay matrix and of linear elastic or elastic damage inclusions. The macroscopic constitutive law is obtained by adapting the incremental method proposed by Hill. The derived model is first compared to Finite Element calculations on unit cell. It is then validated and applied for the prediction of the macroscopic stress-strain responses of the argillite at different geological depths. Finally, the micromechanical model is implemented in a commercial finite element code (Abaqus) for the simulation of a vertical shaft of the underground laboratory. This allows predicting the distribution of damage state and plastic strains and characterizing the excavation damage zone (EDZ)
Simoneau, Kevin. "Analyse non-linéaire du comportement dynamique des sols granulaires lâches." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28164/28164.pdf.
Full textRandrembason, Vero. "Biocomposites amidon-cellulose : Elaboration, caractérisation et modélisation du comportement viscoélastique." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20009.
Full textDelhom, Marielle. "Modélisation et simulation orientées objet : contribution à l'étude du comportement hydrologique d'un bassin versant." Corte, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CORT3029.
Full textTonon, Claire. "Modèle de comportement des revêtements de contrôle thermique en environnement spatial simulé." École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (Toulouse ; 1972-2007), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ESAE0014.
Full textRecouvreur, Philippe. "Etude du comportement thermique d'un compartiment moteur automobile : modélisation et analyse système." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2371.
Full textTessier-Doyen, Nicolas. "Etude expérimentale et numérique du comportement thermomécanique de matériaux réfractaires modèles." Limoges, 2003. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/6053bd07-6cc3-4e47-b2cd-93801a27e7b2/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0030.pdf.
Full textChaouki, Hicham. "Modélisation du comportement des composites thermoplastiques à renforts continus dans les procédés de mise en forme." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27682/27682.pdf.
Full textNadot-Martin, Carole. "Contribution à l'homogénéisation du comportement viscoélastique et de la détérioration d'une classe d'élastomères fortement chargés." Poitiers, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999POIT2274.
Full textDal, Santo Philippe. "Contribution à l'intégration des outils de procédures de simulation numérique dans la caractérisation du comportement des systèmes biomécaniques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR13069.
Full textChazallon, Cyrille. "Modélisation du comportement mécanique de géomatériaux cimentés." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0517.
Full textBozzo, Cécile. "Modélisation du comportement d'achat en milieu industriel : fidélité, retention et inertie." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX32062.
Full textQuaresma, Maria da Graça. "Comportement et modélisation d'un remblai sur sols mous renforcé par géotextile." Grenoble 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992GRE10061.
Full textDumoulin, Stéphane. "De l'utilisation d'une loi monocristalline en vue de la caractérisation du comportement plastique du multicristal d'aluminium." Chambéry, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CHAMS007.
Full textThe objective of this work is to validate an original modelling of the elastoviscoplasticity behaviour of aluminium polycrystalline aggregates. The aggregate plastic behaviour is predicted using a multi-scale model based on two main assumptions: i) the behaviour laws for a grain are built from the selection of the different physical mechanisms involved in the plastic deformation of single crystals; ii) this description is complemented by assuming the continuity displacement at the grain boundaries. This study proceeds in three stages: 1. A set of different experimental data on single crystals and multicrystals (plane samples with only one layer of centimetric grain size in the thickness) is acquired. An automatic tool which determines the displacement and strain fields between two images of the surface of a plane object (using a correlation method) is used in an original way in this study. 2. The parameters of the model are identified using the data collected on the single crystals. 3. The modelling is validated by a comparison between numerical (3D simulations done with a finite element code) and experimental results relating to key data such as the load - displacement curve, the surface strains, the crystallographic orientations of the grains and the slip line traces, relatively to the multicrystal. This step is applied on aluminium for different purities: 99. 99% and 99. 5%. The agreement between the experimental and numerical results validates the proposed modelling. This study thus shows the aptitude of the chosen model to describe the behaviour of materials at the single crystal scale and the multicrystal one
Huet, Bruno. "Comportement à la corrosion des armatures dans un béton carbonaté : influence de la chimie de la solution interstitielle et d'une barrière de transport." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0075/these.pdf.
Full textThe corrosion phenomenon of steel reinforcement in carbonated concrete is a complex process that is not handled although it is of great importance. The aim of this work is to identify the corrosion mechanism of the reinforcements in order to predict the long-term damage of reinforced concrete. Two main assumptions were analysed with the help of analytical study. Those consist in evaluating the rate-limiting step of the corrosion process : either the anotic reaction or the oxygen transport. Corrosion tests in representative solution of the interstitial solution a carbonated paste cement show that the evolution of metal/solution interface is very sensitive to the aqueous species released in solution during the carbonation process. The modification of the ionic strength and the buffering capacity, which depend on the sulphate and alkaline content, are the main factors that influence the localization of the reaction zones, the nature of the phases formed on the interface, as well as the corrosion rate and its evolution with time. The value of water saturation degree of the concrete cover is one of the main factors that control the corrosion rate. Analytical calculations as well as the experimental results show that for a constant water saturation degree, the corrosion rate in stationary regime is negligible. Thus, species transport in transient states and wetting and drying cycles must be taken into account in the case of the long-term prediction of damage of reinforced concrete structures
Deygout, Chloé. "Approvisionnement social et prévisibilité des ressourcesModélisation du comportement des vautours." AgroParisTech, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/47/26/64/PDF/These_Chloe_Deygout.pdf.
Full textEn anglais : Foraging individuals may use either personal information derived from their own previous experience or social information based on conspecific observation. Which kind of information is used depends largely on food predictability. When resources are unpredictable, personal information may be of little use, as illustrated by Gyps vultures that mostly rely on social foraging strategies to find carrion. Some human activities increase resource predictability, e. G. Supplying feeding stations makes food patches more predictable for scavengers. In this thesis, I explore the impact of different levels of resource predictability on the use of personal or social information in foraging strategies and on the ecological service provided by vultures. I developed an individual-based spatially explicit model of foraging Gyps vultures at a daily scale to explore different behavioural hypotheses as well as different management scenarios. The results show that individuals using previously acquired personal information provided a less efficient scavenging service, tended to be more aggregated on resources and thus suffered more strongly from competition while feeding than individuals foraging in groups. Then, I discuss the consequences of this work in terms of conservation and population management. This work will also be used to help analyse GPS tracking data. Finally, it will be integrated in a study that takes into account socio-economical aspects to better understand all sides of the vultures' ecological service and its sensitivity to human interventions