Academic literature on the topic 'Component mode syntheys'
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Journal articles on the topic "Component mode syntheys"
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Castanier, Matthew P., Yung-Chang Tan, and Christophe Pierre. "Characteristic Constraint Modes for Component Mode Synthesis." AIAA Journal 39, no. 6 (June 2001): 1182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/2.1433.
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Apiwattanalunggarn, Polarit, Steven W. Shaw, and Christophe Pierre. "Component Mode Synthesis Using Nonlinear Normal Modes." Nonlinear Dynamics 41, no. 1-3 (August 2005): 17–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11071-005-2791-2.
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Castanier, Matthew P., Yung-Chang Tan, and Christophe Pierre. "Characteristic constraint modes for component mode synthesis." AIAA Journal 39 (January 2001): 1182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.14854.
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Karpel, M., B. Moulin, and V. Feldgun. "Component Mode Synthesis of a Vehicle System Model Using the Fictitious Mass Method." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 129, no. 1 (January 8, 2006): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2202156.
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A new procedure for dynamic analysis of complex structures, based on the fictitious-mass component mode synthesis method, is presented. Normal modes of separate components are calculated by finite-element analysis with the interface coordinates loaded with fictitious masses that generate local boundary deformations in the low-frequency modes. The original fictitious-mass method is extended to include three types of component interconnections: displacement constraints, connection elements, and structural links. The connection elements allow the introduction of springs and dampers between the interface points without adding structural degrees of freedom. The structural links facilitate the inclusion the discrete finite-element representation of typically small components in the coupling equations. This allows a convenient treatment of loose elements and the introduction of nonlinear effects and parametric studies in subsequent analyses. The new procedure is demonstrated with the structural model of a typical vehicle with four major substructures and a relatively large number of interface coordinates. High accuracy is obtained in calculating the natural frequencies and modes of the assembled structure and the separate components with the fictitious masses removed. Dynamic response analysis of the vehicle travelling over a rough road, performed by modal coupling, is in excellent agreement with that performed for the full model.
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Spanos, P. D., and A. Majed. "A Residual Flexibility Approach for Decoupled Analysis of Systems of Combined Components." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 118, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 682–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888352.
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A residual flexibility approach for the analysis of systems involving multiple components subjected to dynamic loading is presented. The reactive forces at the junctions of the components are computed directly without synthesis of component modes or determination of system modes. This is accomplished by expressing the displacements at the junction coordinates of the components in terms of the retained component modes and a first-order account of the residual flexibility of the unretained modes. Once the components are represented in this manner, the requirements of displacement compatibility and force equilibrium at the junction coordinates are enforced. This leads to a set of junction-sized simultaneous algebraic equations for the unknown forces, similar in form to that of the flexibility formulation in statics; this is done by invoking the Newmark integration algorithm. The computed reactive forces at a given time point are used to integrate the equations of motion of the individual components separately for that time point, hence the terminology decoupled analysis. The new method compares well with traditional Component-Mode Synthesis approach for a nonclassically damped fixed-fixed beam consisting of two classically damped cantilevered beam components.
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FUNAMOTO, Kenichi, and Masayoshi MISAWA. "Component Mode Synthesis Using Component Test Results." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2002.1 (2002): 297–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2002.1.0_297.
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YASUI, Yoshitsugu, and Tetsuo YASAKA. "Improvement component mode synthesis by using orthogonalized attached modes." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series C 55, no. 511 (1989): 517–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.55.517.
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Papadimitriou, Costas, and Dimitra-Christina Papadioti. "Component mode synthesis techniques for finite element model updating." Computers & Structures 126 (September 2013): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2012.10.018.
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Seshu, P. "Substructuring and Component Mode Synthesis." Shock and Vibration 4, no. 3 (1997): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1997/147513.
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Substructuring and component mode synthesis (CMS), is a very popular method of model reduction for large structural dynamics problems. Starting from the pioneering works on this technique in the early 1960s, many researchers have studied and used this technique in a variety of applications. Besides model reduction, CMS offers several other crucial advantages. The present work aims to provide a review of the available literature on this important technique.
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Greif, R. "Substructuring and Component Mode Synthesis." Shock and Vibration Digest 18, no. 7 (July 1, 1986): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/058310248601800703.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Component mode syntheys"
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Troeng, Tor. "Frequency Response Analysis using Component Mode Synthesis." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för matematik och matematisk statistik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-37809.
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Solutions to physical problems described by Differential Equationson complex domains are in except for special cases almost impossibleto find. This turns our interest toward numerical approaches. Sincethe size of the numerical models tends to be very large when handlingcomplex problems, the area of model reduction is always a hot topic. Inthis report we look into a model reduction method called ComponentMode Synthesis. This can be described as dividing a large and complexdomain into smaller and more manageable ones. On each of thesesubdomains, we solve an eigenvalue problem and use the eigenvectorsas a reduced basis. Depending on the required accuracy we mightwant to use many or few modes in each subdomain, this opens for anadaptive selection of which subdomains that affects the solution most.We cover two numerical examples where we solve Helmholtz equationin a linear elastic problem. The first example is a truss and the othera gear wheel. In both examples we use an adaptive algorithm to refinethe reduced basis and compare the results with a uniform refinementand with a classic model reduction method called Modal Analysis. Wealso introduce a new approach when computing the coupling modesonly on the adjacent subdomains.
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Soucy, Yvan. "Test-based hybrid component mode synthesis." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0014/NQ37056.pdf.
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Blackwood, Gary H. (Gary Howard). "Experimental component mode synthesis of structures with joint freeplay." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37486.
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Petersen, Lynn James. "Mast-antenna survivability : structural dynamic design analysis by component mode synthesis." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1994. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA280669.
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Zoet, Petrus Gosse. "Component mode synthesis for ship structures : investigation into an alternative approach." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2013. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24881.
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The main aim of this work is to help the shipbuilder to effectively assess a ships' structural design for its vibratory behaviour. For that purpose state of the art structural modelling techniques are reviewed for the validity of their basic principles, accuracy, practicality and required computation time when applied on typical marine structures. Full finite element modelling has been applied on a part of the structure of an LNG carrier on board which the author has taken vibration and noise measurements. Also fixed interface (Craig-Bampton) and free interface (Rubin's method) component mode synthesis sub structuring techniques have been applied. The aim of the analysis is to evaluate the effectiveness of finite element modelling through evaluation with measurement results, evaluate the accuracy of the sub structuring modelling techniques and to identify short comings of any of the tested methods. Two alternative component synthesis modelling sub structuring techniques are proposed in order to reduce required computation time; Zoet's method and the Rubin Zoet method. The Zoet method is tested using a section of the LNG carrier's structural model. The method is evaluated for accuracy (comparing obtained results with the results obtained through the full harmonic finite element analysis) and required computation time through comparison with the required computation time for: - full harmonic analysis - the classical modal reduction and mode superposition technique - the classical Rubin free interface component mode synthesis - and Rubin's method with interface reduction according to the IRS method (see section 6.5.3) - the Rubin-Zoet technique.
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Abdallah, Ayman Ahmed. "Dynamic substructuring by the boundary flexibility vector method of component mode synthesis." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1990. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1054567783.
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Ramani, Anand. "Two-step Component Mode Synthesis with convergence for the eigensolution of large-degree-of-freedom systems." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39162.
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Beck, Joseph A. "Stochastic Mistuning Simulation of Integrally Bladed Rotors using Nominal and Non-Nominal Component Mode Synthesis Methods." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1278600105.
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Lindberg, Eskil. "A Vibro-Acoustic Study of Vehicle Suspension Systems : Experimental and Mathematical Component Approaches." Doctoral thesis, KTH, MWL Strukturakustik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-121575.
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The objective of the present work is to study the vehicle suspension as a vibro-acoustic system of high complexity, consisting of many sub-systems with fundamentally different acoustical properties. In a parallel numerical and experimental modelling effort, important contributions to the understanding of its behaviour have been achieved. These findings are based on a balance between component investigations and global modelling of the complete system; they have been formulated for the transmission of both tyre-road excitation and friction-induced vibrations in the brake system. Initially an experimental study was conducted on a full vehicle test rig studying the broadband interior brake noise problem of, here named, roughness noise. The purpose of the study was twofold: first, to determine if the transmission from the source to the interior of the vehicle was structure-borne; second, to study the complexity of the suspension as a vibro-acoustic system. Parameters a_ecting the vibro-acoustic source were varied to gain understanding of the source mechanisms. This experimental study laid the foundation of the first part of this thesis (paper A) and provided the directions for the second part, the development of a mathematical modelling approach (paper B and C). In these two papers, methods for analysing the complex vibro-acoustic transfer of structure-borne sound in a vehicle suspension system were developed. The last part was then focussed on the wheel rim influence on the vibro-acoustic behaviour (paper D) of the suspension system. As a whole, the work clearly demonstrates that it is possible to conduct component studies of subsystems in the vehicle suspension system; and from these component studies it is possible draw conclusions that very well may avoid severe degradations in the interior noise of future vehicle generations.QC 20130503
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Zhou, Changwei. "Approche couplée propagative et modale pour l'analyse multi-échelle des structures périodiques." Thesis, Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECDL0040/document.
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La dynamique d’une structure peut être vue aussi bien en termes de modes (ondes stationnaires) qu’en termes d’ondes élastiques libres. Les approches modales sont largement utilisées en mécanique et de nombreuses techniques de réduction de modèles (Model Order Reduction - MOR) ont été développées dans ce cadre. Quant à la dynamique des structures périodiques, les approches propagatives sont majoritairement utilisées, où la périodicité est exploitée en utilisant la théorie de Bloch. Pour les structures périodiques complexes, plusieurs techniques MOR sur la base d’onde ont été proposées dans la littérature. Dans ce travail, une approche couplée propagative et modale a été développée pour étudier la propagation des ondes dans les structures périodiques. Cette approche commence par la description modale d’une cellule unitaire (échelle mésoscopique) en utilisant la synthèse modale (Component Mode Synthesis - CMS). Par la suite, la méthode propagative - Wave Finite Element Method (WFEM) est appliquée sur la structure (échelle macroscopique). Cette méthode est nommée “CWFEM” pour CondensedWave Finite Element Method. Elle combine les avantages de la CMS et WFEM. La CMS permet d’analyser le comportement local d’en extraire une base réduite. La WFEM exploite la périodicité de la structure d’en extraire les paramètres de propagation. Ainsi, l’analyse de la propagation des ondes dans la structure à l’échelle macroscopique peut être réalisée en prenant en compte l’échelle mésoscopique. L’efficacité de la CWFEM est illustrée par de nombreuse applications aux structures périodiques monodimensionnelle (1D) et bidimensionnelle (2D). Le critère de réduction optimale assurant la convergence est discuté. Les caractéristiques de propagation dans les structures périodiques sont identifiées: bande passante, bande interdite, la directivité marquée (wave beaming effects), courbe de dispersion, band structure, surface des lenteurs... Ces propriétés peuvent répondre au besoin de conception des barrières vibroacoustiques, pièges à ondes. La CWFEM est ensuite appliquée pour étudier la propagation des ondes dans des plaques perforées et plaques raidies. Une méthode d’homogénéisation pour déterminer le modèle équivalent de la plaque perforée est proposée. Les comportements à haute fréquence tels que la directivité marquée sont également prédits par CWFEM. Trois modèles de plaques avec perforations différentes sont étudiées dans ce travail. Une validation expérimentale est effectuée sur deux plaques. Pour la plaque raidie, l’influence des modes internes sur la propagation globale est discutée. La densité modale est estimée, en moyenne et haute fréquences, pour une plaque raidie finie, où une bonne corrélation est obtenue en comparant les résultats à l’issue des analyses modalesStructural dynamics can be described in terms of structural modes as well as elastic wave motions. The mode-based methods are widely applied in mechanical engineering and numerous model order reduction (MOR) techniques have been developed. When it comes to the study of periodic structures, wave description is mostly adopted where periodicity is fully exploited based on the Bloch theory. For complex periodic structures, several MOR techniques conducted on wave basis have been proposed in the literature. In this work, a wave and modal coupled approach is developed to study the wave propagation in periodic structures. The approach begins with the modal description of a unit cell (mesoscopic scale) using Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). Subsequently, the wave-based method -Wave Finite Element Method (WFEM) is applied to the structure (macroscopic scale). The method is referred as “CWFEM” for Condensed Wave Finite Element Method. It combines the advantages of CMS and WFEM. CMS enables to analyse the local behaviour of the unit cell using a reduced modal basis. On the other hand, WFEM exploits fully the periodic propriety of the structure and extracts directly the propagation parameters. Thus the analysis of the wave propagation in the macroscopic scale waveguides can be carried out considering the mesoscopic scale behaviour. The effectiveness of CWFEM is illustrated via several one-dimensional (1D) periodic structures and two-dimensional (2D) periodic structures. The criterion of the optimal reduction to ensure the convergence is discussed. Typical wave propagation characteristics in periodic structures are identified, such as pass bands, stop bands, wave beaming effects, dispersion relation, band structure and slowness surfaces...Their proprieties can be applied as vibroacoustics barriers, wave filters. CWFEM is subsequently applied to study wave propagation characteristics in perforated plates and stiffened plate. A homogenization method to find the equivalent model of perforated plate is proposed. The high frequency behaviours such as wave beaming effect are also predicted by CWFEM. Three plate models with different perforations are studied. Experimental validation is conducted on two plates. For the stiffened plate, the influence of internal modes on propagation is discussed. The modal density in the mid- and high- frequency range is estimated for a finite stiffened plate, where good correlation is obtained compared to the mode count from modal analysis
Books on the topic "Component mode syntheys"
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Brown, Andrew M. Probabilistic component mode synthesis of nondeterministic substructures. Washington, DC: [National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.
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Hucklebridge, Arthur A. Identification of structural interface characteristics using component mode synthesis. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.
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Gordis, Joshua H. Mast-antenna survivability: Structural dynamic design analysis by component mode synthesis. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1994.
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Petersen, Lynn James. Mast-antenna survivability: Structural dynamic design analysis by component mode synthesis. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1994.
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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. and Case Western Reserve University. Dept. of Civil Engineering., eds. Dynamic substructuring by the boundary flexibility vector method of component mode synthesis. [Cleveland, Ohio]: Dept. of Civil Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 1990.
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Brown, Andrew M. Development of a probabilistic component mode synthesis method for the analysis of non-deterministic substructures. Washington, DC: [National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.
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Mei, C. Component mode synthesis and large deflection vibration of complex structures: Final report for the period ended January 31, 1987. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1987.
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Golubev, Vladimir. Fundamentals of eco-sociohumanism. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1856825.
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The monograph presents the doctrine of ecosociohumanism from the standpoint of the new natural-humanitarian science of ergodynamics and the science of harmony. Ecosociohumanism acts as a resolution of the "capitalism—socialism" opposition on the basis of their harmonious synthesis. At the same time, the goal of harmonious human development is taken from socialism, and the way of its realization from capitalism is a regulated market. The main components of eco—sociohumanism are: the theory of socio-natural development, trialectics - the doctrine of harmony, the science of man (human studies), the concept of national wealth and quality of life, the theory of the socio-humanitarian state, the ideology of sociohumanism. The essence of the socio-humanitarian transition: from the "consumer society" to the "society of eco-sociohumanism", from the social to the socio-humanitarian state, from the "social man" to the "socio-spiritual man" ("Harmonious Man"). The evolutionary trajectory of the development of "liberalism — integralism — ecosociohumanism" is scientifically substantiated.
The interpretation of national wealth as a potential for the development of society is given. The quality of life index is proposed. Based on the calculation of national wealth and the quality of life index of Russia and the countries of the world, it is shown that the country is experiencing an acute socio—humanitarian crisis - the crisis of a person and a development model. The human crisis is associated with a deepening techno-humanitarian imbalance. The crisis of the social model is caused by the fact that the laws of socio-natural development are ignored in domestic policy. The economy, social policy, culture, geopolitics of a socio-humanitarian state are considered. The scientific foundations of the new peace movement are given. The attitudes of eco-sociohumanism are compared with a number of existing social concepts.
It is popular in nature (without mathematical apparatus, often inaccessible to humanities) and is designed for a wide range of readers.
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Armstrong, Neil, Alan R. Barker, and Alison M. McManus. Muscle metabolism during exercise. Edited by Neil Armstrong and Willem van Mechelen. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757672.003.0006.
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Ethical considerations and the lack, until recently, of accessible non-invasive techniques of interrogating exercising muscles have limited research into developmental muscle metabolism during exercise. Current evidence supports an anaerobic/aerobic energy metabolism interplay in exercise in which children present a relatively higher oxidative capacity than adolescents or adults. There is a progressive increase in anaerobic glycolytic flux with age at least into adolescence and, possibly into young adulthood. Independent effects of biological maturation on muscle metabolism during exercise remain to be empirically proven. An amalgam of findings from muscle fibre profiles, muscle enzymes activity, muscle energy stores, substrate utilization, phosphocreatine re-synthesis, and pulmonary oxygen uptake contribute to a plausible model of an age- and sex-specific developing metabolic profile but the precise mechanisms require further clarification. There is a persuasive argument that muscle fibre recruitment patterns are a fundamental component of age- (and perhaps sex-) related differences.
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Mark, James E., Harry R. Allcock, and Robert West. Inorganic Polymers. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195131192.001.0001.
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Polymer chemistry and technology form one of the major areas of molecular and materials science. This field impinges on nearly every aspect of modern life, from electronics technology, to medicine, to the wide range of fibers, films, elastomers, and structural materials on which everyone depends. Although most of these polymers are organic materials, attention is being focused increasingly toward polymers that contain inorganic elements as well as organic components. The goal of Inorganic Polymers is to provide a broad overview of inorganic polymers in a way that will be useful to both the uninitiated and those already working in this field. There are numerous reasons for being interested in inorganic polymers. One is the simple need to know how structure affects the properties of a polymer, particularly outside the well-plowed area of organic materials. Another is the bridge that inorganic polymers provide between polymer science and ceramics. More and more chemistry is being used in the preparation of ceramics of carefully controlled structure, and inorganic polymers are increasingly important precursor materials in such approaches. This new edition begins with a brief introductory chapter. That is followed with a discussion of the characteristics and characterization of polymers, with examples taken from the field. Other chapters in the book detail the synthesis, reaction chemistry, molecular structure, and uses of polyphosphazenes, polysiloxanes, and polysilanes. The coverage in the second edition has been updated and expanded significantly to cover advances and interesting trends since the first edition appeared. Three new chapters have been added, focusing on ferrocene-based polymers, other phosphorous-containing polymers, and boron-containing polymers; inorganic-organic hybrid composites; and preceramic inorganic polymers.
Book chapters on the topic "Component mode syntheys"
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Wijker, Jaap. "Component Mode Synthesis." In Mechanical Vibrations in Spacecraft Design, 369–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-08587-5_18.
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Rixen, Daniel. "Substructuring Concepts and Component Mode Synthesis." In Handbook of Experimental Structural Dynamics, 833–56. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4547-0_16.
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Rixen, Daniel. "Substructruring Concepts and Component Mode Synthesis." In Handbook of Experimental Structural Dynamics, 1–24. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6503-8_16-1.
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Hou, Gene J. W., and Venkateshwarlu Maroju. "Component-Mode-Synthesis-Based Method for Structural Synthesis." In Computational Mechanics ’95, 189–92. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79654-8_31.
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Brink, A. R., D. G. Tipton, J. E. Freymiller, and B. L. Stevens. "Methods for Component Mode Synthesis Model Generation for Uncertainty Quantification." In Model Validation and Uncertainty Quantification, Volume 3, 177–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54858-6_19.
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Crandall, S. H., and N. A. Yeh. "Component Mode Synthesis of Multi-Rotor Systems." In Lecture Notes in Engineering, 44–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83040-2_5.
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Petre, Luigia, Kaisa Sere, and Leonidas Tsiopoulos. "Model–Based Analysis Tools for Component Synthesis." In Formal Methods for Components and Objects, 102–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25271-6_6.
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David, Alexandre, Jacob Deleuran Grunnet, Jan Jakob Jessen, Kim Guldstrand Larsen, and Jacob Illum Rasmussen. "Application of Model-Checking Technology to Controller Synthesis." In Formal Methods for Components and Objects, 336–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25271-6_18.
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Hashemi Farzaneh, Morteza, and Alois Knoll. "Model-based Schedule Synthesis in Time-Sensitive Networks." In Electronic Components and Systems for Automotive Applications, 197–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14156-1_16.
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Wolf, Walter L., Alan E. Duncan, and Arthur R. Solomon. "Normal Modes Analysis of Structures Using an Out-of-Core Component Mode Synthesis Technique." In CAD/CAM Robotics and Factories of the Future, 255–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52320-5_43.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Component mode syntheys"
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Apiwattanalunggarn, Polarit, Steven W. Shaw, and Christophe Pierre. "Component Mode Synthesis Using Nonlinear Normal Modes." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/vib-48441.
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This paper describes a methodology for developing reduced-order dynamic models of nonlinear structural systems that are composed of an assembly of component structures. The approach is a nonlinear extension of the fixed-interface component mode synthesis technique developed for linear structures by Hurty and modified by Craig and Bampton. Specifically, the case of nonlinear substructures is handled by using fixed-interface nonlinear normal modes. These normal modes are constructed for the various substructures using an invariant manifold approach, and are then coupled through the traditional linear constraint modes (i.e., the static deformation shapes produced by unit interface motions). A simple system is used to demonstrate the proof of concept and show the effectiveness of the proposed procedure. Simulations are performed to show that the reduced-order model obtained from the proposed procedure outperforms the reduced-order model obtained from the classical fixed-interface linear component mode synthesis approach. Moreover, the proposed method is readily applicable to large-scale nonlinear structural systems.
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Castanier, Matthew P., Yung-Chang Tan, and Christophe Pierre. "Characteristic Constraint Modes for Component Mode Synthesis." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/vib-8187.
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Abstract In this paper, a technique is presented for improving the efficiency of the Craig-Bampton method of Component Mode Synthesis (CMS). An eigenanalysis is performed on the partitions of the CMS mass and stiffness matrices that correspond to the so-called constraint modes. The resultant eigenvectors are referred to as “characteristic constraint modes,” since they represent the characteristic motion of the interface between the component structures. By truncating the characteristic constraint modes, a CMS model with a highly-reduced number of degrees of freedom may be obtained. An example of a cantilever plate is considered. It is shown that relatively few characteristic constraint modes are needed to yield accurate approximations of the lower natural frequencies. This method also provides physical insight into the mechanisms of vibration transmission in complex structures.
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SPANOS, J., and D. MINGORI. "Multibody model reduction by component mode synthesis and component cost analysis." In 31st Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-1037.
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Bah, Mamadou, Prasanth Nair, Atul Bhaskar, and Andy Keane. "Stochastic Component Mode Synthesis." In 44th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-1750.
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Maroju, Venkateshwarlu, and Gene Hou. "Component-Mode-Synthesis-Based Method for Vibration Targeting and Modification of Structural Components." In International Conference On Vehicle Structural Mechanics & Cae. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/951106.
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Masarati, Pierangelo, Fanny Darbas, and Israël Wander. "Compliant Interface in Component Mode Synthesis." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22255.
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Abstract Substructuring, or component mode synthesis, requires components to share interface regions. When components modeled with rather different, often incompatible levels of refinement need to be connected, correctly defining the interfaces may be important. This work proposes the definition of the reduction of interface regions to the equivalent rigid-body motion which minimizes the strain energy in the structural component. The proposed formulation provides a natural and physically sound solution for the connection of detailed structural components within coarse, multi-rigid-body and 1D flexible models.
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Ramani, Anand, and Charles E. Knight. "Application of Two-Step Component Mode Synthesis for System Eigensolutions." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/cie-1627.
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Abstract Component Mode Synthesis (CMS) is a dynamic substructuring technique for approximate eigensolutions of large degree-of-freedom systems divisible into two or more components. System synthesis using component modes results in approximate eigenparameters. The approximation is improved by using more component modes in synthesis. Typically, all component modes up to x times the frequency range of interest are required to assure reasonable accuracy, where x varies from 2 to 10. This paper demonstrates the two-step CMS approach, wherein, the first step involves system synthesis using the minimum number of component modes (x∼1) required to obtain approximate eigenvalues up to a preselected frequency and the second step uses additional component modes in a convergence scheme operating on the system eigenparameters calculated in the first step. Results of studies on spring-mass systems, beam and plate models, and a refrigeration compressor assembly show that the two-step method provides the analyst some insight into the convergence and accuracy of the eigenparameters without resolving the system over and over with more component modes. The method is also efficient in terms of solution time, when compared to conventional CMS using the Jacobi method and the subspace-iteration method.
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HUSTON, D., J. G. BELIVEAU, and W. GRAVES. "Experimental verification of complex component mode synthesis." In 32nd Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-944.
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Tran, Duc-Minh. "A Comparison of Component Mode Synthesis Methods for Cyclic Structures." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-2176.
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Abstract Several component mode synthesis methods with fixed, free and hybrid interface are used to compute the eigen solutions and the frequency response of a cyclic structure in combination with the cyclic symmetry properties. In particular, a procedure based on the use of a truncated basis of interface modes has been developed to reduce the number of interface coordinates in the component mode synthesis methods. Both classical and new methods provide very good results and are more efficient than the use of the cyclic symmetry properties only or the combination of the cyclic symmetry with the modal projection method for computing the forced response. For the eigen solutions, the free interface methods are more accurate than the fixed and the hybrid interface methods.
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Schwerdt, Lukas, Sebastian Willeke, Lars Panning-von Scheidt, and Jörg Wallaschek. "Reduced-Order Modeling of Bladed Disks Considering Small Mistuning of the Disk Sectors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2018: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2018-76610.
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A model order reduction method based on the Component Mode Synthesis for mistunend bladed disks is introduced, with one component for the disk and one component for each blade. The interface between the components at the blade roots is reduced using the wave-based substructuring method, which employs tuned system modes. These system modes are calculated first, and used subsequently during the reduction of the individual components, which eliminates the need to build a partially reduced intermediate model with dense matrices. For the disk, a cyclic Craig-Bampton reduction is applied. The deviations of the stiffness and mass matrices of individual disk sectors are then projected into the cyclic basis of interior and interface modes of the disk substructure. Thereby it is possible to model small disk mistuning in addition to large mistuning of the blades.
Reports on the topic "Component mode syntheys"
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Friedman, Haya, Julia Vrebalov, and James Giovannoni. Elucidating the ripening signaling pathway in banana for improved fruit quality, shelf-life and food security. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594401.bard.
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Background : Banana being a monocot and having distinct peel and pulp tissues is unique among the fleshy fruits and hence can provide a more comprehensive understanding of fruit ripening. Our previous research which translated ripening discoveries from tomato, led to the identification of six banana fruit-associated MADS-box genes, and we confirmed the positive role of MaMADS1/2 in banana ripening. The overall goal was to further elucidate the banana ripening signaling pathway as mediated by MADS-boxtranscriptional regulators. Specific objectives were: 1) characterize transcriptional profiles and quality of MaMADS1/2 repressed fruit; 2) reveal the role of additional MaMADSgenes in ripening; 3) develop a model of fruit MaMADS-box mode of action; and 4) isolate new components of the banana ripening signaling pathway. Major conclusion: The functions of the banana MaMADS1-5 have been examined by complimenting the rinor the TAGL1-suppressed lines of tomato. Only MaMADS5 exhibited partial complementation of TAGL1-suppressed and rinlines, suggesting that while similar genes play corresponding roles in ripening, evolutionary divergence makes heterologous complementation studies challenging. Nevertheless, the partial complementation of tomato TAGL1-surpessed and rinlines with MaMADS5 suggests this gene is likely an important ripening regulator in banana, worthy of further study. RNA-seqtranscriptome analysis during ripening was performed on WT and MaMADS2-suppressed lines revealing additional candidate genes contributing to ripening control mechanisms. In summary, we discovered 39 MaMADS-box genes in addition to homologues of CNR, NOR and HB-1 expressed in banana fruits, and which were shown in tomato to play necessary roles in ripening. For most of these genes the expression in peel and pulp was similar. However, a number of key genes were differentially expressed between these tissues indicating that the regulatory components which are active in peel and pulp include both common and tissue-specific regulatory systems, a distinction as compared to the more uniform tomato fruit pericarp. Because plant hormones are well documented to affect fruit ripening, the expressions of genes within the auxin, gibberellin, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic and ethylene signal transduction and synthesis pathways were targeted in our transcriptome analysis. Genes’ expression associated with these pathways generally declined during normal ripening in both peel and pulp, excluding cytokinin and ethylene, and this decline was delayed in MaMADS2-suppressed banana lines. Hence, we suggest that normal MaMADS2 activity promotes the observed downward expression within these non-ethylene pathways (especially in the pulp), thus enabling ripening progression. In contrast, the expressions of ACSand ACOof the ethylene biosynthesis pathway increase in peel and pulp during ripening and are delayed/inhibited in the transgenic bananas, explaining the reduced ethylene production of MaMADS2-suppressed lines. Inferred by the different genes’ expression in peel and pulp of the gibberellins, salicylic acid and cytokinins pathways, it is suggested that hormonal regulation in these tissues is diverse. These results provide important insights into possible avenues of ripening control in the diverse fruit tissues of banana which was not previously revealed in other ripening systems. As such, our transcriptome analysis of WT and ripening delayed banana mutants provides a starting point for further characterization of ripening. In this study we also developed novel evidence that the cytoskeleton may have a positive role in ripening as components of this pathway were down-regulated by MaMADS2 suppression. The mode of cytoskeleton involvement in fruit ripening remains unclear but presents a novel new frontier in ripening investigations. In summary, this project yielded functional understanding of the role and mode of action of MaMADS2 during ripening, pointing to both induction of ethylene and suppression of non-ethylene hormonal singling pathways. Furthermore, our data suggest important roles for cytoskeleton components and MaMADS5 in the overall banana ripening control network. Implications: The project revealed new molecular components/genes involved in banana ripening and refines our understanding of ripening responses in the peel and pulp tissues of this important species. This information is novel as compared to that derived from the more uniform carpel tissues of other highly studied ripening systems including tomato and grape. The work provides specific target genes for potential modification through genetic engineering or for exploration of useful genetic diversity in traditional breeding. The results from the project might point toward improved methods or new treatments to improve banana fruit storage and quality.
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Sharon, Amir, and Maor Bar-Peled. Identification of new glycan metabolic pathways in the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea and their role in fungus-plant interactions. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597916.bard.
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The involvement of glycans in microbial adherence, recognition and signaling is often a critical determinant of pathogenesis. Although the major glycan components of fungal cell walls have been identified there is limited information available on its ‘minor sugar components’ and how these change during different stages of fungal development. Our aim was to define the role of Rhacontaining-glycans in the gray mold disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus B. cinerea. The research was built on the discovery of two genes, Bcdhand bcer, that are involved in formation of UDP-KDG and UDP-Rha, two UDP- sugars that may serve as donors for the synthesis of cell surface glycans. Objectives of the proposed research included: 1) To determine the function of B. cinereaBcDh and BcEr in glycan biosynthesis and in pathogenesis, 2) To determine the expression pattern of BcDH and BcERand cellular localization of their encoded proteins, 3) Characterize the structure and distribution of Rha- containing glycans, 4) Characterization of the UDP-sugar enzymes and potential of GTs involved in glycanrhamnosylation. To address these objectives we generated a series of B. cinereamutants with modifications in the bchdhand bcergenes and the phenotype and sugar metabolism in the resulting strains were characterized. Analysis of sugar metabolites showed that changes in the genes caused changes in primary and secondary sugars, including abolishment of rhamnose, however abolishment of rhamnose synthesis did not cause changes in the fungal phenotype. In contrast, we found that deletion of the second gene, bcer, leads to accumulation of the intermediate sugar – UDP- KDG, and that such mutants suffer from a range of defects including reduced virulence. Further analyses confirmed that UDP-KDG is toxic to the fungus. Studies on mode of action suggested that UDP-KDG might affect integrity of the fungal cell wall, possibly by inhibiting UDP-sugars metabolic enzymes. Our results confirm that bcdhand bcerrepresent a single pathway of rhamnose synthesis in B. cinerea, that rhamnose does not affect in vitro development or virulence of the fungus. We also concluded that UDP-KDG is toxic to B. cinereaand hence UDP-KDG or compounds that inhibit Er enzymes and lead to accumulation of UDP-KDG might have antifungal activity. This toxicity is likely the case with other fungi, this became apparent in a collaborative work with Prof. Bart Thomma of Wageningen University, NETHERLANDS . We have shown the deletion of ER mutant in Verticillium dahlia gave plants resistance to the fungal infection.
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Slotiuk, Tetiana. CONCEPT OF SOLUTIONS JOURNALISM MODEL: CONNOTION, FUNCTIONS, FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.50.11097.
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The article examines the main features, general characteristics and essence of the concept of solutions journalism. The basic principles of functioning of this model of journalism in the western press and in Ukraine are given. The list and features of activity of the organizations, institutes and editorial offices supporting development of journalism of solutions journalism. The purpose of the publication is to describe the Solutions Journalism model: its features, characteristics and features of functioning, to find out the difference in the understanding of the concept of «solutions journalism» and «constructive journalism» in general. The task of the publication was to conceptualize the main trends in the development of solutions journalism in the Western and Ukrainian information space; show the main characteristics, formats of functioning and analyze the features of the concepts of «solutions journalism» and «constructive journalism». Applied research methods: at the stage of research of the history of formation of the concept of Solutions Journalism the historical method is used. The hermeneutic method of research helped in the interpretation of basic concepts, the phenomenological approach was applied in the context of considering the essence of the phenomenon of solutions journalism. At the stage of generalization of the features of the concepts of Solutions Journalism and «constructive journalism» a comparative method was used, which gave an understanding of the common components in their essence. The method of analysis allowed to expand the understanding of the purpose of Solutions Journalism as a type of social journalism and its main tasks. With the help of synthesis it was possible to comprehensively understand the concept of Solutions Journalism and understand its features. In Ukraine, this type of journalism is just emerging, but its introduction into the editorial policy of the media may have a national importance. These are regional and local media that can inform their communities about the positive solution of certain problems in other communities, and thus thanks to this model can save local journalism. In the scientific context, there is a need to outline the main differences in the understanding of the concepts of decision journalism and constructive journalism, to understand the socio-psychological need to create good news.
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Lurie, Susan, John Labavitch, Ruth Ben-Arie, and Ken Shackel. Woolliness in Peaches and Nectarines. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570557.bard.
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The overall goal of the research was to understand the processes involved in the development of woolliness in peaches and nectarines. Four specific hypotheses were proposed and in the course of the research evidence was gathered t support two of them and to not support two others. The hypotheses and a summary of the evidence are outlined below. 1. That woolliness arises from an imbalance between the activities of the cell wall pectin degrading enzymes. Using 'Flavortop' nectarines and 'Hermoza' peaches as model systems, storage regimes were manipulated to induce or prevent woolliness. The expression (mRNA abundance), protein content (Western blotting), and activity of polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin esterase (PE) were followed. Expression of the enzymes was not different, but activity and the ratio between PG and PE activities were quite different in fruits developing woolliness or ripening normally. This was also examined by looking at the substrate, the pectin moiety of the cell wall, and i woolly fruit there were more high molecular weight pectins with regions of non-methylated galacturonic acid residues. Taking an in vitro approach it was found a) that PE activity was stable at 0oC while PG activity decreased; b) incubating the calcium pectate fraction of the cell wall with PE extracted from peaches caused the polymers to form a gel characteristic of the visual woolly symptoms in peaches. 2. That continued cell wall synthesis occurs during storage and contributes to structural changes i cell walls and improper dissolution and softening after storage. We tried to adapt our technique of adding 13C-glucose to fruit discs, which was used successfully to follow cell wall synthesis during tomato ripening. However, the difference in sugar content between the two fruits (4% in tomato and 12% in peach) meant that the 13C-glucose was much more diluted within the general metabolite pool. We were unable to see any cell wall synthesis which meant that either the dilution factor was too great, or that synthesis was not occurring. 3. That controlled atmosphere (CA) prevents woolliness by lowering all enzyme activities. CA was found to greatly reduce mRNA abundance of the cell wall enzymes compared to regular air storage. However, their synthesis and activity recovered during ripening after CA storage and did not after regular air storage. Therefore, CA prevented the inhibition of enzyme activation found in regular air storage. 4. That changes in cell wall turgor and membrane function are important events in the development of woolliness. Using a micro pressure probe, turgor was measured in cells of individual 'O'Henry' and 'CalRed' peaches which were woolly or healthy. The relationship between firmness and turgor was the same in both fruit conditions. These data indicate that the development and expression of woolliness are not associated with differences in membrane function, at least with regard to the factors that determine cell turgor pressure. In addition, during the period of the grant additional areas were explored. Encoglucanase, and enzyme metabolizing hemicellulose, was found to be highly expressed air stored, but not in unstored or CA stored fruit. Activity gels showed higher activity in air stored fruit as well. This is the first indication that other components of the cell wall may be involved in woolliness. The role of ethylene in woolliness development was also investigated at it was found a) that woolly fruits had decreased ability to produce ethylene, b) storing fruits in the presence of ethylene delayed the appearance of woolliness. This latter finding has implication for an inexpensive strategy for storing peaches and nectarines.
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Korobeinikova, Tetiana I., Nataliia P. Volkova, Svitlana P. Kozhushko, Daryna O. Holub, Nataliia V. Zinukova, Tetyana L. Kozhushkina, and Sergei B. Vakarchuk. Google cloud services as a way to enhance learning and teaching at university. [б. в.], July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3854.
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The article is devoted to the issue of a cloud-based learning system implementation as a powerful strategy for future specialists’ training at higher educational establishments. Using cloud computing in self-work management of the university courses is essential to equip students with a workload of appropriate educational materials and variable activities for professional training. Theoretical and empirical research methods were applied to select the appropriate services and tools for organizing students’ self-work at university. Critical analysis of scientific literature, synthesis of the data, didactic observation of the educational process, designing of the skeleton for university courses, questionnaires enabled to facilitate the study of the issue. G Suite has been chosen to enhance the quality of training of prospective specialists at a higher educational establishment. This paper introduces the outcomes of the project on applying Google Classroom in the management of students’ self-work while studying university courses. The focus of the first stage of the project was on testing pilot versions of the courses with the aim to work out the requirements and recommendations for incorporation general blended learning model of university courses. Particular attention is drawn to the designed model of the university course based on the curriculum with the necessary components of blended learning in the G Suite virtual environment. Cloud-based higher education is considered as a prospective tool for design of university courses with the need for further research and implementation.
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Modlo, Yevhenii O., Serhiy O. Semerikov, Stanislav L. Bondarevskyi, Stanislav T. Tolmachev, Oksana M. Markova, and Pavlo P. Nechypurenko. Methods of using mobile Internet devices in the formation of the general scientific component of bachelor in electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects. [б. в.], February 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3677.
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An analysis of the experience of professional training bachelors of electromechanics in Ukraine and abroad made it possible to determine that one of the leading trends in its modernization is the synergistic integration of various engineering branches (mechanical, electrical, electronic engineering and automation) in mechatronics for the purpose of design, manufacture, operation and maintenance electromechanical equipment. Teaching mechatronics provides for the meaningful integration of various disciplines of professional and practical training bachelors of electromechanics based on the concept of modeling and technological integration of various organizational forms and teaching methods based on the concept of mobility. Within this approach, the leading learning tools of bachelors of electromechanics are mobile Internet devices (MID) – a multimedia mobile devices that provide wireless access to information and communication Internet services for collecting, organizing, storing, processing, transmitting, presenting all kinds of messages and data. The authors reveals the main possibilities of using MID in learning to ensure equal access to education, personalized learning, instant feedback and evaluating learning outcomes, mobile learning, productive use of time spent in classrooms, creating mobile learning communities, support situated learning, development of continuous seamless learning, ensuring the gap between formal and informal learning, minimize educational disruption in conflict and disaster areas, assist learners with disabilities, improve the quality of the communication and the management of institution, and maximize the cost-efficiency. Bachelor of electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects is a personal and vocational ability, which includes a system of knowledge, skills, experience in learning and research activities on modeling mechatronic systems and a positive value attitude towards it; bachelor of electromechanics should be ready and able to use methods and software/hardware modeling tools for processes analyzes, systems synthesis, evaluating their reliability and effectiveness for solving practical problems in professional field. The competency structure of the bachelor of electromechanics in the modeling of technical objects is reflected in three groups of competencies: general scientific, general professional and specialized professional. The implementation of the technique of using MID in learning bachelors of electromechanics in modeling of technical objects is the appropriate methodic of using, the component of which is partial methods for using MID in the formation of the general scientific component of the bachelor of electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects, are disclosed by example academic disciplines “Higher mathematics”, “Computers and programming”, “Engineering mechanics”, “Electrical machines”. The leading tools of formation of the general scientific component of bachelor in electromechanics competency in modeling of technical objects are augmented reality mobile tools (to visualize the objects’ structure and modeling results), mobile computer mathematical systems (universal tools used at all stages of modeling learning), cloud based spreadsheets (as modeling tools) and text editors (to make the program description of model), mobile computer-aided design systems (to create and view the physical properties of models of technical objects) and mobile communication tools (to organize a joint activity in modeling).
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Sukenik, Assaf, Paul Roessler, and John Ohlrogge. Biochemical and Physiological Regulation of Lipid Synthesis in Unicellular Algae with Special Emphasis on W-3 Very Long Chain Lipids. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604932.bard.
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Various unicellular algae produce omega-3 (w3) very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA), which are rarely found in higher plants. In this research and other studies from our laboratories, it has been demonstrated that the marine unicellular alga Nannochloropsis (Eustigmatophyceae) can be used as a reliable and high quality source for the w3 VLC-PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This alga is widely used in mariculture systems as the primary component of the artificial food chain in fish larvae production, mainly due to its high EPA content. Furthermore, w3 fatty acids are essential for humans as dietary supplements and may have therapeutic benefits. The goal of this research proposal was to understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms which regulate the synthesis and accumulation of glycerolipids enriched with w3 VLC-PUFA in Nannochloropsis. The results of our studies demonstrate various aspects of lipid synthesis and its regulation in the alga: 1. Variations in lipid class composition imposed by various environmental conditions were determined with special emphasis on the relative abundance of the molecular species of triacylglycerol (TAG) and monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG). 2. The relationships between the cellular content of major glycerolipids (TAG and MGDG) and the enzymes involved in their synthesis were studied. The results suggested the importance of UDP-galactose diacylglycerol galactosyl (UDGT) in regulation of the cellular level of MGDG. In a current effort we have purified UDGT several hundredfold from Nannochloropsis. It is our aim to purify this enzyme to near homogeneity and to produce antibodies against this enzyme in order to provide the tools for elucidation of the biochemical mechanisms that regulate this enzyme and carbon allocation into galactolipids. 3. Our in vitro and in vivo labeling studies indicated the possibility that phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are associated with desaturation of the structural lipids, whereas shorter chain saturated fatty acids are more likely to be incorporated into TAG. 4. Isolation of several putative mutants of Nannochloropsis which appear to have different lipid and fatty acid compositions than the wild type; a mutant of a special importance that is devoid of EPA was fully characterized. In addition, we could demonstrate the feasibility of Nannochloropsis biomass production for aquaculture and human health: 1) We demonstrated in semi-industrial scale the feasibility of mass production of Nannochloropsis biomass in collaboration with the algae plant NBT in Eilat; 2) Nutritional studies verified the importance algal w3 fatty acids for the development of rats and demonstrated that Nannochloropsis biomass fed to pregnant and lactating rats can benefit their offspring.
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Kelly, Luke. What Accountability Means in Somalia. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2022.113.
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This rapid literature review finds that accountability programming in Somalia is focused on working effectively with the country’s hybrid governance. A number of programmes have generated findings on the potential of non-state actors to improve accountability, with a focus on contextual analysis and adaptive programming. Accountability is defined as mechanisms to hold people in power to account according to an agreed standard. Improving accountability may be difficult in fragile and conflict-affected states such as Somalia where power is dispersed and informal. Somalia is commonly described as a hybrid political order. Regions in Somalia have more and less robust governments and non-state actors have a number of important but informal roles in governance. Moreover, the prevalence of clan-based politics and patriarchal norms limits the inclusivity of accountability mechanisms, with women and members of minority clans among those commonly excluded. This report is focused on accountability in governance. It surveys both evidence on the status and contours of accountability in Somalia, and on programmes to improve accountability. It is based on evidence from the Implementation and Analysis in Action of Accountability Programme (IAAAP) Somalia programme, as well as other relevant programmes. It describes the findings on the barriers and enablers to greater accountability in Somalia, as well as lessons on implementing programmes. It does not survey every accountability programme, or programme with accountability components, but instead focused on published evaluations and evidence syntheses. Several programmes, such as IAAAP, have sought to research, improve and learn lessons on accountability in Somalia. IAAAP ran from 2013 to 2019 and had a budget of GBP 23 million. It worked as an innovation laboratory to test models for greater accountability through adaptive programming. IAAAP worked on different themes, including civil society-state engagement, financial flows and extractive industries.
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Ron, Eliora, and Eugene Eugene Nester. Global functional genomics of plant cell transformation by agrobacterium. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7695860.bard.
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The aim of this study was to carry out a global functional genomics analysis of plant cell transformation by Agrobacterium in order to define and characterize the physiology of Agrobacterium in the acidic environment of a wounded plant. We planed to study the proteome and transcriptome of Agrobacterium in response to a change in pH, from 7.2 to 5.5 and identify genes and circuits directly involved in this change. Bacteria-plant interactions involve a large number of global regulatory systems, which are essential for protection against new stressful conditions. The interaction of bacteria with their hosts has been previously studied by genetic-physiological methods. We wanted to make use of the new capabilities to study these interactions on a global scale, using transcription analysis (transcriptomics, microarrays) and proteomics (2D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry). The results provided extensive data on the functional genomics under conditions that partially mimic plant infection and – in addition - revealed some surprising and significant data. Thus, we identified the genes whose expression is modulated when Agrobacterium is grown under the acidic conditions found in the rhizosphere (pH 5.5), an essential environmental factor in Agrobacterium – plant interactions essential for induction of the virulence program by plant signal molecules. Among the 45 genes whose expression was significantly elevated, of special interest is the two-component chromosomally encoded system, ChvG/I which is involved in regulating acid inducible genes. A second exciting system under acid and ChvG/Icontrol is a secretion system for proteins, T6SS, encoded by 14 genes which appears to be important for Rhizobium leguminosarum nodule formation and nitrogen fixation and for virulence of Agrobacterium. The proteome analysis revealed that gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), a metabolite secreted by wounded plants, induces the synthesis of an Agrobacterium lactonase which degrades the quorum sensing signal, N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHL), resulting in attenuation of virulence. In addition, through a transcriptomic analysis of Agrobacterium growing at the pH of the rhizosphere (pH=5.5), we demonstrated that salicylic acid (SA) a well-studied plant signal molecule important in plant defense, attenuates Agrobacterium virulence in two distinct ways - by down regulating the synthesis of the virulence (vir) genes required for the processing and transfer of the T-DNA and by inducing the same lactonase, which in turn degrades the AHL. Thus, GABA and SA with different molecular structures, induce the expression of these same genes. The identification of genes whose expression is modulated by conditions that mimic plant infection, as well as the identification of regulatory molecules that help control the early stages of infection, advance our understanding of this complex bacterial-plant interaction and has immediate potential applications to modify it. We expect that the data generated by our research will be used to develop novel strategies for the control of crown gall disease. Moreover, these results will also provide the basis for future biotechnological approaches that will use genetic manipulations to improve bacterial-plant interactions, leading to more efficient DNA transfer to recalcitrant plants and robust symbiosis. These advances will, in turn, contribute to plant protection by introducing genes for resistance against other bacteria, pests and environmental stress.
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Smit, Amelia, Kate Dunlop, Nehal Singh, Diona Damian, Kylie Vuong, and Anne Cust. Primary prevention of skin cancer in primary care settings. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/qpsm1481.
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Overview Skin cancer prevention is a component of the new Cancer Plan 2022–27, which guides the work of the Cancer Institute NSW. To lessen the impact of skin cancer on the community, the Cancer Institute NSW works closely with the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Advisory Committee, comprising governmental and non-governmental organisation representatives, to develop and implement the NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy. Primary Health Networks and primary care providers are seen as important stakeholders in this work. To guide improvements in skin cancer prevention and inform the development of the next NSW Skin Cancer Prevention Strategy, an up-to-date review of the evidence on the effectiveness and feasibility of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care is required. A research team led by the Daffodil Centre, a joint venture between the University of Sydney and Cancer Council NSW, was contracted to undertake an Evidence Check review to address the questions below. Evidence Check questions This Evidence Check aimed to address the following questions: Question 1: What skin cancer primary prevention activities can be effectively administered in primary care settings? As part of this, identify the key components of such messages, strategies, programs or initiatives that have been effectively implemented and their feasibility in the NSW/Australian context. Question 2: What are the main barriers and enablers for primary care providers in delivering skin cancer primary prevention activities within their setting? Summary of methods The research team conducted a detailed analysis of the published and grey literature, based on a comprehensive search. We developed the search strategy in consultation with a medical librarian at the University of Sydney and the Cancer Institute NSW team, and implemented it across the databases Embase, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Scopus, Cochrane Central and CINAHL. Results were exported and uploaded to Covidence for screening and further selection. The search strategy was designed according to the SPIDER tool for Qualitative and Mixed-Methods Evidence Synthesis, which is a systematic strategy for searching qualitative and mixed-methods research studies. The SPIDER tool facilitates rigour in research by defining key elements of non-quantitative research questions. We included peer-reviewed and grey literature that included skin cancer primary prevention strategies/ interventions/ techniques/ programs within primary care settings, e.g. involving general practitioners and primary care nurses. The literature was limited to publications since 2014, and for studies or programs conducted in Australia, the UK, New Zealand, Canada, Ireland, Western Europe and Scandinavia. We also included relevant systematic reviews and evidence syntheses based on a range of international evidence where also relevant to the Australian context. To address Question 1, about the effectiveness of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings from the Evidence Check according to different skin cancer prevention activities. To address Question 2, about the barriers and enablers of skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings, we summarised findings according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The CFIR is a framework for identifying important implementation considerations for novel interventions in healthcare settings and provides a practical guide for systematically assessing potential barriers and facilitators in preparation for implementing a new activity or program. We assessed study quality using the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) levels of evidence. Key findings We identified 25 peer-reviewed journal articles that met the eligibility criteria and we included these in the Evidence Check. Eight of the studies were conducted in Australia, six in the UK, and the others elsewhere (mainly other European countries). In addition, the grey literature search identified four relevant guidelines, 12 education/training resources, two Cancer Care pathways, two position statements, three reports and five other resources that we included in the Evidence Check. Question 1 (related to effectiveness) We categorised the studies into different types of skin cancer prevention activities: behavioural counselling (n=3); risk assessment and delivering risk-tailored information (n=10); new technologies for early detection and accompanying prevention advice (n=4); and education and training programs for general practitioners (GPs) and primary care nurses regarding skin cancer prevention (n=3). There was good evidence that behavioural counselling interventions can result in a small improvement in sun protection behaviours among adults with fair skin types (defined as ivory or pale skin, light hair and eye colour, freckles, or those who sunburn easily), which would include the majority of Australians. It was found that clinicians play an important role in counselling patients about sun-protective behaviours, and recommended tailoring messages to the age and demographics of target groups (e.g. high-risk groups) to have maximal influence on behaviours. Several web-based melanoma risk prediction tools are now available in Australia, mainly designed for health professionals to identify patients’ risk of a new or subsequent primary melanoma and guide discussions with patients about primary prevention and early detection. Intervention studies have demonstrated that use of these melanoma risk prediction tools is feasible and acceptable to participants in primary care settings, and there is some evidence, including from Australian studies, that using these risk prediction tools to tailor primary prevention and early detection messages can improve sun-related behaviours. Some studies examined novel technologies, such as apps, to support early detection through skin examinations, including a very limited focus on the provision of preventive advice. These novel technologies are still largely in the research domain rather than recommended for routine use but provide a potential future opportunity to incorporate more primary prevention tailored advice. There are a number of online short courses available for primary healthcare professionals specifically focusing on skin cancer prevention. Most education and training programs for GPs and primary care nurses in the field of skin cancer focus on treatment and early detection, though some programs have specifically incorporated primary prevention education and training. A notable example is the Dermoscopy for Victorian General Practice Program, in which 93% of participating GPs reported that they had increased preventive information provided to high-risk patients and during skin examinations. Question 2 (related to barriers and enablers) Key enablers of performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Easy access and availability of guidelines and point-of-care tools and resources • A fit with existing workflows and systems, so there is minimal disruption to flow of care • Easy-to-understand patient information • Using the waiting room for collection of risk assessment information on an electronic device such as an iPad/tablet where possible • Pairing with early detection activities • Sharing of successful programs across jurisdictions. Key barriers to performing skin cancer prevention activities in primary care settings included: • Unclear requirements and lack of confidence (self-efficacy) about prevention counselling • Limited availability of GP services especially in regional and remote areas • Competing demands, low priority, lack of time • Lack of incentives.