Academic literature on the topic 'Component isolation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Component isolation"
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Gertlert, Janos, Weihua Li, Yunbing Huang, and Thomas McAvor. "Isolation Enhanced Principal Component Analysis." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 31, no. 10 (June 1998): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)37557-2.
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Gertler, Janos, Weihua Li, Yunbing Huang, and Thomas McAvoy. "Isolation enhanced principal component analysis." AIChE Journal 45, no. 2 (February 1999): 323–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690450213.
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Liu, Yujun, Jing Liu, Guang Pan, Qiaogao Huang, and Liming Guo. "Vibration Analysis and Isolator Component Design of the Power System in an Autonomous Underwater Glider." International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration 27, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.20855/ijav.2022.27.21841.
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Vibration isolation technology is one of the main methods for controlling the vibration and noise of underwater vehicles. This paper presents a vibration analysis and vibration isolator component design method of the power system in autonomous underwater gliders (AUGs). The dynamic models of the single-layer and double-layers vibration isolation systems of the power system of the AUG are established to analyze the force transfer rate in the system. A reasonable stiffness range of the vibration isolation system is obtained according to the results of the dynamic model. To validate the vibration isolation performances of the presented vibration isolation systems, the finite element (FE) models of single-layer and double-layers vibration isolation systems are established. The vibration responses and vibration isolation performances of the system with and without the rubber isolation systems are compared. Moreover, the effect of stiffness on the vibration isolation performances of the system is discussed. The presented results can provide some guidance for the design method of the vibration isolation system in the power system of AUGs.
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Hitsumoto, Y., H. Ohnishi, M. Okada, H. Nishimukai, S. Saheki, and N. Takeuchi. "Isolation of mouse complement component C7." Journal of Immunological Methods 176, no. 2 (December 1994): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(94)90310-7.
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Katti, A. M. "An example of the isolation of minor components from multi-component mixtures." Chromatographia 33, no. 1-2 (January 1992): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02276842.
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Prokof ev, Y. I., T. N. Poyarkova, A. R. Bykov, A. S. Shestakov, V. A. Kuznetsov, and O. G. Androsova. " Influence of the isolation method of the soapstockfatty component on its characteristics." Research in Agricultural Engineering 61, No. 3 (June 2, 2016): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/20/2014-rae.
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From soapstock, which is a waste product of sunflower oil production, the fatty component was isolated using isopropyl alcohol, toluene, fusel oil and a mixture of common salt and nonionic surfactants. With the help of the Langmuir film balance the molecular areas of isolated fats were found and the degree of hydrophobization in comparison with the original soapstock was evaluated. It was found that the strongest compression of the monolayer is observed when using fusel oil. The surface active properties of emulsifiers, synthesized by alkaline hydrolysis method on the basis of the obtained fat extracts and original soapstock, were studied. These results are consistent with measurements on the Langmuir balance.
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Liu, Yujun, Jing Liu, Guang Pan, and Qiaogao Huang. "Modeling and analysis of a metal rubber vibration isolation system considering the nonlinear stiffness characteristics." Review of Scientific Instruments 94, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 015105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0118415.
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In this study, the complete design process of a metal rubber isolator using a numerical method applied in automobile underwater gliders (AUGs) is researched. A ring-like metal rubber isolator that has the potential to reduce the vibration of the AUGs is proposed. In the numerical design method, the equivalent cantilever beam model is used to identify the mechanical properties of the metal rubber isolator, whose accuracy is verified by experiment. The static stiffness and dynamic stiffness are gained through a fitting method, considering different mass loadings. Different material parameters of a metal rubber isolator, such as relative densities, wire diameters, wire spiral pitch diameters, and mass loading from the power system, greatly influence the mechanical properties and stiffness characteristic. The vibration isolation performance of a metal rubber isolator applied in the AUG is evaluated by a nonlinear single degree of freedom dynamic model, which is solved by the harmonic balance method. The linear stiffness component of the metal rubber isolator is the main influence factor for the vibration isolation performance. The nonlinear stiffness component could shift the isolation frequency.
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Zhanlong, Li, Sun Dagang, Qin Yuan, Zhang Wenjun, and Sun Bao. "Stiffness-Damping Matching Modelling for Vibration Isolation System of Roadheader ECB." International Journal of Acoustics and Vibration 25, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20855/ijav.2020.25.11514.
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The electronic control box (ECB) is a key and precise component of a roadheader. The vibration of the ECB is an increasingly prominent issue as the machine capacity grows. In order to promote the isolation effect of the ECB, a whole-body vibration model considering the cutting effect is derived, based upon which the stiffness-damping matching strategy for the ECB isolator is acquired. For engineering application, the tubular constrained damping isolator (TCDI) is developed based on the constrained damping theory and the matching strategy. The theoretical results show that the isolation effect of the ECB isolator strengthens as the stiffness coefficients decline and the damping coefficients increase. The configurations with larger rear stiffness coefficients and larger front damping coefficients could lead to a better vibration control effect. The experiment results indicate that the TCDI exhibits a greater capability of isolating the impact excitation than the traditional E-type isolator, thus verifying the whole-body vibration model for the roadheader and the matching strategy for the ECB isolator. This research can provide theoretical and practical references for the investigation of the dynamic behaviour of complex viscoelastic structures.
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Bystrova, I. V., and B. P. Podkopaev. "Fault Isolation in Network of State Automates." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 23, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2020-23-1-18-29.
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Introduction. In the paper a fault isolation problem in the devices combining digital unit by functional diagnostics methods is considered. Networks of state automates are accepted as mathematical models of the devices. Assumed, that functional diagnostics devices for each network component are preliminarily constructed in an optimal way and they consist of a control automata and of a fault discriminator of unit dimension.Aim. To develop functional diagnostics method based on theoretical analysis allowing to decide fault isolation problem in networks of state automation and to reduce computational complexity and hardware redundancy.Materials and methods. An analysis of mathematical description of a network of state automation and functional diagnostics devices for each network component was presented in terms of algebraic theory of functional diagnosis of dynamic systems. A possibility to transform the set of known functional diagnostics devices of the network was demonstrated. The possibility provided a localization of the network component with an error, if the component was unique.Results. A searching procedure of the analytical equations determining supervision automata and fault discriminator for the whole network was proposed. The case when initial functional diagnostics devices for each network component were defined by scalar functions was considered. The obtained result was generalized to the case, when mentioned devices were defined by vector functions. The application of the described method was demonstrated in the example of construction functional diagnostics devices for simplified fragment of the device for forming priorities of mutual aircraft navigation system.Conclusion. Estimation of results by an order criterion was obtained. It was established that with an increase in the number of network components, the reduction of intentioned redundancy by functional diagnostics devices compared with the original version increased significantly.
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Liu, Dewen, Yang Liu, Dongfa Sheng, and Wenyuan Liao. "Seismic Response Analysis of an Isolated Structure with QZS under Near-Fault Vertical Earthquakes." Shock and Vibration 2018 (2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9149721.
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Seismic isolation devices are usually designed to protect structures from the strong horizontal component of earthquake ground shaking. However, the effect of near-fault (NF) vertical ground motions on seismic responses of buildings has become an important consideration due to the observed building damage caused by vertical excitation. As the structure needs to maintain its load bearing capacity, using the horizontal isolation strategy in vertical seismic isolation will lead to the problem of larger static displacement. In particular, the bearings may generate large deformation responses of isolators for NF vertical ground motions. A seismic isolation system including quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) and vertical damper (VD) is used to control NF vertical earthquakes. The characteristics of vertical seismic isolated structures incorporating QZS and VD are presented. The formula for the maximum bearing capacity of QZS isolation considering the stiffness of vertical spring components is obtained by theoretical derivation. From the static analysis, it is found that the static capacity of the QZS isolation system with vertical seismic isolation components increases when the configurative parameter reduces. Seismic response analyses of the seismic isolated structure model with QZS and VD subjected to NF vertical earthquakes are conducted. The results show that seismic responses of the structure can be controlled by setting the appropriate static equilibrium position, vertical isolation period, and vertical damping ratio. Adding a damping ratio is effective in controlling the vertical large deformation of the isolator.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Component isolation"
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Goonasekera, Nuwan Abhayawardena. "Program-level support for protecting an application from untrustworthy components." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/60851/1/Nuwan_Goonasekera_Thesis.pdf.
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Many software applications extend their functionality by dynamically loading executable components into their allocated address space. Such components, exemplified by browser plugins and other software add-ons, not only enable reusability, but also promote programming simplicity, as they reside in the same address space as their host application, supporting easy sharing of complex data structures and pointers.
However, such components are also often of unknown provenance and quality and may be riddled with accidental bugs or, in some cases, deliberately malicious code.
Statistics show that such component failures account for a high percentage of software crashes and vulnerabilities. Enabling isolation of such fine-grained components is therefore necessary to increase the stability, security and resilience of computer programs.
This thesis addresses this issue by showing how host applications can create isolation domains for individual components, while preserving the benefits of a single address space, via a new architecture for software isolation called LibVM. Towards this end, we define a specification which outlines the functional requirements for LibVM, identify the conditions under which these functional requirements can be met, define an abstract Application Programming Interface (API) that encompasses the general problem of isolating shared libraries, thus separating policy from mechanism, and prove its practicality with two concrete implementations based on hardware virtualization and system call interpositioning, respectively. The results demonstrate that hardware isolation minimises the difficulties encountered with software based approaches, while also reducing the size of the trusted computing base, thus increasing confidence in the solution’s correctness.
This thesis concludes that, not only is it feasible to create such isolation domains for individual components, but that it should also be a fundamental operating system supported abstraction, which would lead to more stable and secure applications.
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Lin, Zhefeng. "Isolation and analysis of TCTR2, a tomato gene related to the ethylene signalling component CTR1." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312236.
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Ochei, Laud Charles. "Architecting the deployment of cloud-hosted services for guaranteeing multitenancy isolation." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2448.
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In recent years, software tools used for Global Software Development (GSD) processes (e.g., continuous integration, version control and bug tracking) are increasingly being deployed in the cloud to serve multiple users. Multitenancy is an important architectural property in cloud computing in which a single instance of an application is used to serve multiple users. There are two key challenges of implementing multitenancy: (i) ensuring isolation either between multiple tenants accessing the service or components designed (or integrated) with the service; and (ii) resolving trade-offs between varying degrees of isolation between tenants or components. The aim of this thesis is to investigate how to architect the deployment of cloud-hosted service while guaranteeing the required degree of multitenancy isolation. Existing approaches for architecting the deployment of cloud-hosted services to serve multiple users have paid little attention to evaluating the effect of the varying degrees of multitenancy isolation on the required performance, resource consumption and access privilege of tenants (or components). Approaches for isolating tenants (or components) are usually implemented at lower layers of the cloud stack and often apply to the entire system and not to individual tenants (or components). This thesis adopts a multimethod research strategy to providing a set of novel approaches for addressing these problems. Firstly, a taxonomy of deployment patterns and a general process, CLIP (CLoud-based Identification process for deployment Patterns) was developed for guiding architects in selecting applicable cloud deployment patterns (together with the supporting technologies) using the taxonomy for deploying services to the cloud. Secondly, an approach named COMITRE (COmponent-based approach to Multitenancy Isolation Through request RE-routing) was developed together with supporting algorithms and then applied to three case studies to empirically evaluate the varying degrees of isolation between tenants enabled by multitenancy patterns for three different cloud-hosted GSD processes, namely-continuous integration, version control, and bug tracking. After that, a synthesis of findings from the three case studies was carried out to provide an explanatory framework and new insights about varying degrees of multitenancy isolation. Thirdly, a model-based decision support system together with four variants of a metaheuristic solution was developed for solving the model to provide an optimal solution for deploying components of a cloud-hosted application with guarantees for multitenancy isolation. By creating and applying the taxonomy, it was learnt that most deployment patterns are related and can be implemented by combining with others, for example, in hybrid deployment scenarios to integrate data residing in multiple clouds. It has been argued that the shared component is better for reducing resource consumption while the dedicated component is better in avoiding performance interference. However, as the experimental results show, there are certain GSD processes where that might not necessarily be so, for example, in version control, where additional copies of the files are created in the repository, thus consuming more disk space. Over time, performance begins to degrade as more time is spent searching across many files on the disk. Extensive performance evaluation of the model-based decision support system showed that the optimal solutions obtained had low variability and percent deviation, and were produced with low computational effort when compared to a given target solution.
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Huang, Bing-Quan. "Isolation and characterization of embryo sacs and their component cells in a synergidless (Plumbago) and a synergid-bearing (Nicotiana) angiosperm /." Full-text version available from OU Domain via ProQuest Digital Dissertations, 1991.
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Dastoor, Farahad. "Isolation and regulation of expression of the Rhodobacter capsulatus suca gene encoding the E1o component of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase enzyme complex." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29805.
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The citric acid cycle (CAC) is an extremely wide-spread metabolic pathway involved in energy production and intermediary metabolism.
One of the key enzymes of the CAC is the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGD) enzyme complex. In facultative bacteria, activity of the KGD enzyme complex appears to vary in keeping with the primary function of the CAC, in response to growth conditions (energy production or biosynthesis). Therefore, under anaerobic conditions synthesis of the KGD enzyme complex is repressed in some species and carbon flow through some CAC steps is reversed converting the CAC into a branched pathway that functions primarily with intermediary metabolism.
The purple photo synthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus relies on the CAC for energy production under aerobic growth conditions on minimal media containing organic acids such as malate, succinate, and pyruvate. However, when growing under anaerobic photo synthetic conditions R. capsulatus produces energy by photosynthesis, although intermediates of the CAC are still required for the biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophyll and amino acids. It is believed that R. capsulatus does not operate an anaerobic branched version of the CAC, as in other facultative bacteria, but a less active cyclic one. Therefore, it is of great interest to understand the mechanism by which KGD enzyme activity is regulated and how this affects the operation of the CAC in R. capsulatus in response to fluctuating environmental conditions.
I have isolated the R. capsulatus sucA gene encoding the E1o enzyme component of the KGD enzyme complex. Pulse labelling of R. capsulatus cultures growing aerobically and photosynthetically indicated that the sucA gene was transcribed at a higher level under aerobic growth conditions than under photosynthetic growth conditions. This increased
level of transcription resulted in a 7-fold increase in the steady state levels of KGD mRNA, and a 9 to 13-fold increase in KGD enzyme specific activity in crude cell extracts under aerobic growth conditions, compared to anaerobic photosynthetic growth conditions. This regulation of the sucA gene in response to oxygen is different from any other R. capsulatus gene studied, and is probably part of a larger network of processes that takes place to regulate control of metabolic pathways in cells that shift between two environmental conditions.Science, Faculty of
Microbiology and Immunology, Department of
Graduate
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Santos, da Gama Kiev. "Vers les applications fiables basées sur des composants dynamiques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00633320.
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Les logiciels s'orientent de plus en plus vers des architectures évolutives, capables de s'adapter facilement aux changements et d'intégrer de nouvelles fonctionnalités. Ceci est important pour plusieurs classes d'applications qui ont besoin d'évoluer sans que cela implique d'interrompre leur exécution. Des plateformes dynamiques à composants autorisent ce type d'évolution à l'exécution, en permettant aux composants d'être chargés et exécutés sans requérir le redémarrage complet de l'application en service. Toutefois, la flexibilité d'un tel mécanisme introduit de nouveaux défis qui exigent de gérer les possibles erreurs dues à des incohérences dans le processus de mise à jour, ou en raison du comportement défectueux de composants survenant pendant l'exécution de l'application. Des composants tiers dont l'origine ou la qualité sont inconnus peuvent être considérées à priori comme peu fiables, car ils peuvent potentiellement introduire des défauts d'applications lorsqu'il est combiné avec d'autres composants. Nous sommes intéressés à la réduction de l'impact de ces composants considérés comme non fiables et qui sont susceptibles de compromettre la fiabilité de l'application en cours d'exécution. Cette thèse porte sur l'application de techniques pour améliorer la fiabilité des applications dynamiques à composants. Pour cela, nous proposons l'utilisation des frontières d'isolation pouvant fournir du contingentement de fautes. Le composant ainsi isolé ne perturbe pas le reste de l'application quand il est défaillant. Une telle approche peut être vu sous trois perspectives présentées: (i) l'isolement des composants dynamiques, régi par une politique d'exécution reconfigurable, (ii) l'autoréparation de conteneurs d'isolement, et (iii) l'utilisation des aspects pour séparer les préoccupations de fiabilité à partir du code fonctionnel.
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Razanau, Aleh [Verfasser], and N. F. [Akademischer Betreuer] Käufer. "Isolation and characterization of suppressors of the prp1 gene, encoding a regulatory component of the pre-catalytic spliceosome in fission yeast / Aleh Razanau ; Betreuer: N. F. Käufer." Braunschweig : Technische Universität Braunschweig, 2010. http://d-nb.info/1175826820/34.
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DeSilva, Veronica. "Selenium redox cycling isolation and characterization of a stimulatory component from tissue of loblolly pine for multiplication of somatic embryos; development of an assay to measure l-phenylalanine concentration in blood plasma /." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29788.
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Thesis (Ph.D)--Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007.Committee Chair: Sheldon May; Committee Members: Nicholas Hud, Stanley Pollock, James Powers, and Gerald Pullman. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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Pierre, Allyn Grey de Almeida Lima. "Transações reconfiguráveis para o ambiente móvel." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275807.
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Orientador: Maria Beatriz Felgar de ToledoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação
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Resumo: Dentre as tecnologias emergentes, a computação móvel tem a sua posição de destaque. Os dispositivos móveis estão mais presentes na vida das pessoas e contendo aplicações mais sofisticadas e semelhantes às executadas em computadores pessoais. Num mundo globalizado, onde o tempo é escasso e valioso, os dispositivos móveis mantêm as pessoas em contato com informações e atividades que elas desejam enquanto elas estão em movimento. Um exemplo recente é aumento do uso da internet em celulares, permitindo que os usuários acessem diversos tipos de aplicações, tendo grande parte delas interação com bancos de dados. Apesar de atrativa, a computação móvel traz desafios ao desenvolvedor, pois ele deve considerar os recursos limitados tais como largura de banda, conectividade e o alto custo da obtenção de dados. Nesse contexto, as transações representam um importante papel de garantir que o dinamismo do ambiente da computação móvel não comprometa a confiabilidade das aplicações. Porém, algumas aplicações não podem ser implementadas considerando o modelo de transações tradicional, pois elas têm um tempo mais longo de duração do que aquelas convencionalmente modeladas. Sendo assim, as configurações de uma transação realizadas no início de sua execução podem deixar de ser adequadas no decorrer da sua execução, devido às mudanças no ambiente. Diversos modelos de transações têm sido apresentados na literatura para atender a esse ambiente. Apesar de muitas idéias interessantes e relevantes, alguns modelos não permitem que a adaptação diante da variação dos recursos seja realizada durante a execução de uma transação e quando permitem, eles realizam grandes reconfigurações arquiteturais. Motivada por essas questões, essa dissertação propõe transações reconfiguráveis, isto é, a configuração dinâmica de mecanismos transacionais antes do início da transação e a reconfiguração de propriedades transacionais durante sua execução. Para que a reconfiguração dinâmica fosse realizada, um modelo de componentes chamado OpenCOM foi utilizado na arquitetura proposta, por este ser reflexivo, leve e independente de plataforma. O nível de isolamento é a propriedade transacional que poderá ser reconfigurada durante a transação e o controle de concorrência é o mecanismo que garantirá o isolamento entre as transações e poderá ser configurado antes do início da transação. A configuração do controle de concorrência é uma contribuição inovadora dessa dissertação, pois em muitos trabalhos existentes não é possível a configuração desse mecanismo transacional. A fim de validar a arquitetura proposta, um protótipo de um sistema de vendas foi desenvolvido. Através dessa implementação foi possível analisar os impactos da reconfiguração durante uma transação
Abstract: Among the emerging technologies, mobile computing has its position of prominence. Mobile devices are more present in people's lives and with more sophisticated applications similar to those implemented in personal computers. In a globalized world where time is scarce and of great importance, mobile devices keep people in touch with information and activities they want while they are moving. A recent example is the increasing use of the Internet on mobile phones allowing users to access various types of applications and much of them interacting with databases. Although attractive, the mobile computing brings challenges to the developer because he must consider the limited resources such as bandwidth, connectivity and the high cost of obtaining data. In this context, the transactions represent an important role to ensure that the dynamic environment of mobile computing does not compromise the reliability of applications. However some applications cannot be implemented given the traditional transactions models because they have a longer duration than those conventionally shaped. Therefore the settings of a transaction carried out before its execution may not be appropriate during the execution due to changes in the environment. Various transactions models have been reported in the literature to serve this environment. Although having many interesting and relevant ideas, some models do not allow the adaptation in the face of change of resources during the execution of a transaction and when this is allowed, they require many transactional reconfigurations. Motivated by these issues, this dissertation proposes reconfigurable transactions that are the dynamic configuration of transactional mechanisms before the beginning of the transaction and the reconfiguration of transactional properties during its execution. For dynamic reconfiguration, a component model called OpenCOM has been used in the proposed architecture because it is reflective, lightweight and platform-independent. The isolation level is the property that may be reconfigured during the transaction and the concurrency control is the mechanism that ensures the isolation between the transactions and it can be configured before the beginning of transaction. The configuration of concurrency control is an original contribution of this dissertation because many works do not allow the configuration of this transactional mechanism. In order to validate the proposed architecture, a prototype of a sales system has been developed. Through this implementation it was possible to analyze the impacts of the reconfiguration during a transaction
Mestrado
Sistemas Distribuidos
Mestre em Ciência da Computação
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Xu, Yue, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, of Science Technology and Agriculture Faculty, and School of Food Science. "Isolation and characterization of components from whey." THESIS_FSTA_SFS_Xu_Y.xml, 1996. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/248.
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The structure, functionality, isolation methods and applications of whey components, particularly the proteins and lactose, have been extensively studied. These studies have had a great impact on the food industry where whey components are increasingly being used as food ingredients. Two generations of whey protein product, namely Lactalbumin, produced by heat-induced precipitation, and Whey Protein Concentration/ Isloate, produced by ultrafiltration/ ion exchange chromatography, have been commercialised. Crystalline lactose in the food and pharmaceutical grades is also being produced. Recently, research activities in whey fractionation have shifted to the isolation of the minor components. This thesis is aimed at developing a Total Whey Utilization strategy by which the several components of the whey stream would be completely recovered by fractionation, resulting in little or no residue to be disposed of in the wastewater stream. Therefore, this study was initially dedicated to the development of novel separation methods which would be suitable for the Total Whey Utilization process. The development of those techniques revealed some previously unknown feature of whey components. The mechanisms of the separation methods have been also investigated. Although crystallization is an efficient method for fractionation or purification, its disadvantage is that the mother liquor is a wastewater containing high salt and BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand). The chromatographic method has been investigated in this work to separate the mother liquor or permeate into lactose and mineral fractions such that a goal of this thesis, namely a 'clean' water stream after processing whey, can be finally achieved. These studies have focused on the effect of resin type, salt form of the resin and the operating conditions on the separation of the lactose and mineral fraction.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Books on the topic "Component isolation"
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Cassidy, Nicola Marie. Isolation of extracellular matrix components from dentine active in dental cytodifferentiation and tissue repair. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1995.
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Veto, Varma, and Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, eds. Base isolation strategies for structers and components. Mumbai: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, 2003.
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Siebert, Stefan, Sengupta Raj, and Alexander Tsoukas. Imaging in axial spondyloarthritis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755296.003.0011.
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Imaging has always been a key component in the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis as part of the modified New York criteria. With the increased availability of MRI and the development of the ASAS axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) criteria, there has been a shift from x-ray imaging of structural damage to MRI imaging of inflammation. This information can help in both the diagnosis of axSpA and in guiding treatment decisions in patients with this diagnosis. However, imaging results must be evaluated in the context of the clinical picture and should not be acted on in isolation. Here we review the key imaging modalities used in axSpA, with the main focus on x-rays and MRI of the sacroiliac joints, spine, and peripheral structures. Advances in technology are also likely to lead to the development of even better imaging modalities for axSpA in future.
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Aderinto, Saheed. Sex and Sexuality in African Colonial Encounter. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038884.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter presents three overarching arguments that form the centerpiece of the ideas engaged in this book. First, sexuality as a component of human behavior cannot be understood in isolation from wider historical processes. Indeed, sexuality was one of the intricate sites through which several core ideas of colonial practices and thinking about modernity were configured and reconfigured. Second, the age of females who practiced prostitution played a significant role in molding the perception and institutional attention toward sex work, exemplifying the constructed difference between child and adult sexualities. Third, the intersection between sexuality and nationalism in Africa is far more complex than the present literature reveals. In Nigeria, sexualized nationalism was an aspect of the moral, cultural, economic, and political nationalisms championed by both men and women who felt that certain expressions of sexuality threatened nation-building.
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Rolfe, Meredith, and Stephanie Chan. Voting and Political Participation. Edited by Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery, and Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.15.
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This chapter reviews the current literature’s findings on how political and social interactions shape voter turnout and other forms of political participation. Current studies, which use a wide range of methodological approaches, from natural experiments and surveys to mathematical modeling, have demonstrated that political networks are a crucial component of any analysis of political behavior. Debates over the potentially negative impact of political disagreement on participation have differentiated the negative impact of political isolation from the neutral impact of heterogenous political discussion environments, while also exploring factors that might moderate an individual’s response to disagreement. Many of the studies reviewed in this chapter reflect an increasing interest in how research design and analysis may be used to disentangle the various mechanisms through which networks might shape political behavior, as well as to distinguish between the relative impact of selection and influence.
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Gillette, Marcia L., and H. Anthony Neidig. Separating and Isolating the Components of a Binary System. Chemical Education Resources, 1995.
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Gillette, Marcia L., and H. Anthony Neidig. Separating and Isolating the Components of a Ternary System. Chemical Education Resources, 1995.
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David, Hampton R., and Lewis Research Center, eds. The Microgravity Isolation Mount: A linearized state-space model á la Newton and Kane. [Cleveland, Ohio]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Lewis Research Center, 1999.
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L, Telljohann Kenneth, and Chicago Board of Trade. Market & Product Development Dept., eds. Quantifying and isolating the U.S. interest rate component of a Brady par bond. Chicago: Chicago Board of Trade, 1994.
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Olsson, Gustaf. Water Interactions – A Systemic View. IWA Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781789062908.
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Abstract During the last two decades, the interrelationship between water and energy has become recognized. Likewise, the couplings to food and agriculture are getting increasingly obvious and alarming. In the last year, a record number of extreme weather events have been reported from most parts of the world. This is a visible demonstration how consequences of climate change must be understood and alleviated. The impacts of economics, lifestyle, and alarming inequalities are becoming increasingly recognisable. If the wealthy part of the world is not willing not make radical changes it does not matter what the less wealthy half of the global population will do to meet the climate and resource crisis. The purpose of the book is to demonstrate and describe how climate change, water, energy, food, and lifestyle are closely depending on each other. It is not sufficient to handle one discipline isolated from the others. This is the traditional “component view”. The book defines and describes a systems view. The communications and relationships between the “components” have to be described and recognized. Consequently, the development of one discipline must be approached from a systems perspective. At the same time, the success of the systems perspective depends on the degree of knowledge of the individual parts or disciplines. The catchphrase of systems thinking has been caught in the phrase, “The whole is more than the sum of its parts”. The idea is not new: the origin of this phrase is to be found already in Aristotle's Metaphysics more than 2300 years ago. The text may serve as an academic text (in engineering, economics, and environmental science) to introduce senior undergraduate and graduate students into systems thinking. Too often education encourages a “silo” thinking. Current global challenges can't be solved in isolation; they depend on each other. For example, water professionals should have a basic understanding of energy issues. Energy professionals ought to understand the dependency on water. Economic students should learn more how economy depends on natural resources like energy and water. Economics must include the environmental impact and ecological ceiling of economic activities. ISBN: 9781789062892 (print) ISBN: 9781789062908 (eBook) ISBN: 9781789062915 (ePUB)
Book chapters on the topic "Component isolation"
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Gama, Kiev, and Didier Donsez. "Towards Dynamic Component Isolation in a Service Oriented Platform." In Component-Based Software Engineering, 104–20. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02414-6_7.
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Zavala-Fernández, Heriberto, Tilmann H. Sander, Martin Burghoff, Reinhold Orglmeister, and Lutz Trahms. "Comparison of ICA Algorithms for the Isolation of Biological Artifacts in Magnetoencephalography." In Independent Component Analysis and Blind Signal Separation, 511–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11679363_64.
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Baumgarth, N., F. Klobasa, and K. Petzoldt. "Isolation of secretory immunoglobulin A and free secretory component from porcine whey." In Advances in Mucosal Immunology, 545–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1848-1_166.
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Bruce Dowton, S., and Scott D. Mcgrew. "Isolation of cDNA Clones & Expression Analyses for Rat Serum Amyloid P (SAP) Component." In Amyloid and Amyloidosis 1990, 284–87. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3284-8_73.
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Yonemasu, Kunio, and Takako Sasaki. "C1q, a Subcomponent of the First Complement Component: Methods for the Isolation from Various Animals." In Reviews on Immunoassay Technology, 17–35. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11009-4_2.
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Carlson, Bradley A., Byeong Jae Lee, Petra A. Tsuji, Paul R. Copeland, Ulrich Schweizer, Vadim N. Gladyshev, and Dolph L. Hatfield. "Selenocysteine tRNA[Ser]Sec, the Central Component of Selenoprotein Biosynthesis: Isolation, Identification, Modification, and Sequencing." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 43–60. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7258-6_4.
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Noller, Yannic. "Hybrid Differential Software Testing." In Ernst Denert Award for Software Engineering 2020, 167–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83128-8_9.
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AbstractDifferential software testing is important for software quality assurance as it aims to automatically generate test inputs that reveal behavioral differences in software. Detecting regression bugs in software evolution, analyzing side-channels in programs, maximizing the execution cost of a program over multiple executions, and evaluating the robustness of neural networks are instances of differential software analysis to generate diverging executions of program paths. The key challenge thereby is to simultaneously reason about multiple program paths, often across program variants, in an efficient way. Existing work in differential testing is often not (specifically) directed to reveal a different behavior or is limited to a subset of the search space. This work proposes the concept of Hybrid Differential Software Testing (HyDiff) as a hybrid analysis technique to generate difference revealing inputs. HyDiff consists of two components that operate in a parallel setup: (1) a search-based technique that inexpensively generates inputs and (2) a systematic exploration technique to also exercise deeper program behaviors. HyDiff’s search-based component uses differential fuzzing directed by differential heuristics. HyDiff’s systematic exploration component is based on differential dynamic symbolic execution that allows to incorporate concrete inputs in its analysis. HyDiff is evaluated experimentally with applications specific for differential testing. The results show that HyDiff is effective in all considered categories and outperforms its components in isolation.
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Miribel, L., and P. Arnaud. "ISOLATION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN SERUM AMYLOID P. COMPONENT FROM NORMAL AND ACUTE PHASE SERA." In Proceedings of the Third Symposium, Lyon, France, June 26–28, 1985, edited by Jacques Bienvenu, J. A. Grimaud, and Philippe Laurent, 89–98. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110860757-014.
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Goldberg, R. "Cell-Wall Isolation, General Growth Aspects." In Cell Components, 1–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82587-3_1.
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Miernyk, J. A. "The Isolation and Characterization on Nongreen Plastids." In Cell Components, 259–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82587-3_13.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Component isolation"
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Kitamura, S., and M. Morishita. "Design Method of Vertical Component Isolation System." In ASME 2002 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2002-1432.
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A structural concept of a vertical component isolation system for fast reactors, assuming a building adopting a horizontal base isolation system, has been studied. In this concept, a reactor vessel and major primary components are suspended from a large common deck supported by isolation devices consisting of large coned disk springs. A series of experiments using a simple model for the confirmation of the isolation effect, and a case study of vertical isolation device and plant layout are shown in this paper.
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Kitamura, S., M. Morishita, and S. Moro. "Study on Vertical Component Seismic Isolation System With Coned Disk Spring." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2929.
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A structural concept of a vertical component isolation system for fast reactors, assuming a building adopting a horizontal base isolation system, has been studied. In this concept, a reactor vessel and major primary components are suspended from a large common deck supported by isolation devices consisting of large coned disk springs. The outline of the vertical component seismic isolation system and a series of model tests with full scale coned disk spring and damper are shown in this paper.
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Unruh, James F., and Douglas J. Fox. "System Component Coupling for Structure Borne Noise Isolation Studies." In General, Corporate & Regional Aviation Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/971460.
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Tharrault, Yvon, Gilles Mourot, and Jose Ragot. "Fault detection and isolation with robust principal component analysis." In Automation (MED 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/med.2008.4602224.
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Tsai, C. S., Tsu-Cheng Chiang, Bo-Jen Chen, and Mei-Jou Chen. "Component Test of the Full Scale MFPS Base Isolator." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2956.
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In recent years, there have been more and more engineering applications of the base isolation to enhance the seismic resistibility of the existing structures. The elastomeric base isolator and the sliding base isolator are the most popular types in the engineering applications. In this paper, the experimental results for the component test of the full scale multiple friction pendulum system (MFPS) have been introduced. The MFPS base isolator is a base isolator which possesses characteristics of the elastomeric and sliding type base isolators. The effectiveness of the device in reducing the seismic response of structures during earthquakes has been confirmed from the experimental results of the shaking table tests. In order to test the mechanical behavior of a full scale MFPS base isolator, the component tests of the device subjected axial loads of 500 tons, 900 tons and horizontally cyclic loadings have been executed. The experimental results show that the MFPS base isolator has a very stable mechanical behavior under many cycles of loadings. Hence, the durability of the MFPS base isolator can be proved from these experimental results.
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Kitamura, S., S. Okamura, and K. Takahashi. "Experimental Study on Vertical Component Seismic Isolation System With Coned Disk Spring." In ASME 2005 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2005-71356.
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In Japan, several kinds of three-dimensional seismic isolation system for next-generation nuclear power plant such as fast reactors have been studied in recent years. We proposed a structural concept of a vertical component isolation system, assuming a building adopting a horizontal base isolation system. In this concept, a reactor vessel and major primary components are suspended from a large common deck supported by isolation devices consisting of large coned disk springs. In order to verify the isolation performance of the vertical component isolation system, 1/8 series of shaking table tests using a scale model were conducted. The test model was composed of 4 vertical isolation devices, common deck and horizontal load suspension system. For the design earthquake, the system smoothly operated, and sufficient isolation characteristics were shown. The simulation analysis results matched well the test results, so the validity of the design technique was able to be verified. As the result, the prospect that the vertical isolation system applied to the FBR plant could technically realize was obtained.
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Isom, Joshua D., and Robert E. LaBarre. "Process fault detection, isolation, and reconstruction by principal component pursuit." In 2011 American Control Conference. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2011.5990849.
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Sagar, Y. V., A. P. Tiwari, and S. B. Degweker. "An iterative principal component test for fault detection and isolation." In 2015 IEEE Conference on Control Applications (CCA). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cca.2015.7320738.
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Zhao, Cun-Sheng, Shi-Jian Zhu, and Zhen-Zhong Zhang. "Optimization Design of Vibration and Shock Isolation System." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14035.
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The combination optimization design problem of vibration isolation and shock resistance system is studied in consideration of acoustical concealment performance and lifeforce of ships. The weakness of design method based on continuity is pointed out and combination optimal design method is brought forward. Then the limiting performance of shock isolation system is analyzed and two realization methods are discussed. One method is to adopt linear stiffness component with large damping. The other method is to use multiple linear stiffness components without damping. Amplitude of steady excitation is much smaller than that of shock input during experiment. Experimental results showed that the optimal loss factor is still 0.4 when the stiffness of shock bumper is much larger than that of vibration isolator, just the same with that suffered from only shock loads. Experimental results also showed that limiting performance can be achieved by configuration optimal design using multiple linear components. The two discussed methods can be used to direct engineering application.
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Tang, Liang, Xiaodong Zhang, Jonathan A. DeCastro, Luis Farfan-Ramos, and Donald L. Simon. "A Unified Nonlinear Adaptive Approach for Detection and Isolation of Engine Faults." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22642.
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A challenging problem in aircraft engine health management (EHM) system development is to detect and isolate faults in system components (i.e., compressor, turbine), actuators, and sensors. Existing nonlinear EHM methods often deal with component faults, actuator faults, and sensor faults separately, which may potentially lead to incorrect diagnostic decisions and unnecessary maintenance. Therefore, it would be ideal to address sensor faults, actuator faults, and component faults under one unified framework. This paper presents a systematic and unified nonlinear adaptive framework for detecting and isolating sensor faults, actuator faults, and component faults for aircraft engines. The fault detection and isolation (FDI) architecture consists of a parallel bank of nonlinear adaptive estimators. Adaptive thresholds are appropriately designed such that, in the presence of a particular fault, all components of the residual generated by the adaptive estimator corresponding to the actual fault type remain below their thresholds. If the faults are sufficiently different, then at least one component of the residual generated by each remaining adaptive estimator should exceed its threshold. Therefore, based on the specific response of the residuals, sensor faults, actuator faults, and component faults can be isolated. The effectiveness of the approach was evaluated using the NASA C-MAPSS turbofan engine model, and simulation results are presented.
Reports on the topic "Component isolation"
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Pirone, Thomas P., Benjamin Raccah, and Nor Chejanovsky. Vector Specificity in Potyvirus Transmission: Role of the Helper Component. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586456.bard.
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Objectives: The overall objective of this research was to gain a better understanding of how potyviruses interact with their aphid vectors. The aim was to design new approaches for prevention of potyvirus spread by aphids. The sub-objectives included: (1). Determination of which of the HCs of different potyviruses effect efficient transmission by specific aphid vectors; (2). Determine regions in the HC that play a role in their compatibility with the vector; (3). Determine the factors within the aphid stylets that modify HC activity in transmission. Background of the topic: Background to the topic: Potyviruses are typical non persistent viruses. They are retained within the vector’s stylets and rapidly lost by the vector. Some potyviruses greatly differ in their ability to be transmitted by different aphid species. The present work centered on analyzing factors that may modify the interactions between the "helper component"(HC), the virions and the aphid species involved. Major conclusions, solutions and achievements: It was established that specificity of transmission may depend on aphid species used. It was also shown that specificity may depend on the affinity between HC and virion. However, the attempts to create activechimericTEV/TuMVHCs or ZYMV/TuMVHCs to identify the regions that determine interaction with a specific vector(s), were not successful. More progress was attained in objective 3: In Kentucky, tests were conducted to ascertain retention tobacco vein mottling virus (TVMV) HC in the stylets of L. erysimicompared to that in M. persicae. Ultra-thin section of stylets of aphids that fed on either TuMVHC or TVMVHC antibodies were treated with gold-labeled goat anti-rabbit antibodies.TuMV was seen in 25% the stylets of L. erysimi when they acquired TuMVHC but not when they acquired TVMVHC. In M. persicae, TVMVHC was present in 30% of the stylets. . Transmission with TuMVHC was not affected by treatment with L. erysimi saliva whereas transmission with PVYHC (which also is not functional in L. erysimi) was consistently reduced by about half. Saliva from M. persicaehad essentially no effect on either HC. The possible role aphid cuticle proteins (which are found on the stylets surface) in the association with the potyviralHC was investigated in Israel. This was done adopting two approaches: (a) isolation of cuticular proteins from aphid cuticle; (b) screening for genes encoding cuticular proteins. In the first approach, we succeeded in extracting proteins from whole homogenized M. persicaeusing concentrated urea. The extracted protein served for preparation of anti cuticular antibodies. In overlay experiments it was found that cuticular proteins specifically bind to ZYMVHC. In addition, a cDNA library of M. persicae has been prepared. Genes encoding for cuticular proteins were ascertained using antibodies to cuticular proteins. This allowed reporting the sequence of the first cuticular gene of aphids and comparing it in six aphid species. Implications, scientific and agricultural: Achievements: (1) Proofs were provided for the role of the specificity of the aphid species to the HC of certain potyviruses; (2) aphid’s saliva was found to affects transmission efficiency; (3) cuticle protein genes were isolated for the first time from aphid species and an association of cuticle protein with the potyviralHC was discerned. Agricultural and/or economic impact of the research findings: At this stage of research, our finding do not bear an agricultural or economic impact.
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Zibani, Nadia. Ishraq: Safe spaces to learn, play and grow: Expansion of recreational sports program for adolescent rural girls in Egypt. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy22.1003.
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Over the past three years, the Ishraq program in the villages of northern El-Minya, Egypt, grew from a novel idea into a vibrant reality. In the process, approximately 300 rural girls have participated in a life-transforming chance to learn, play, and grow into productive members of their local communities. Currently other villages—and soon other governorates—are joining the Ishraq network. Ishraq is a mixture of literacy, life-skills training, and—for girls who have been sheltered in domestic situations of poverty and isolation—a chance to play sports and games with other girls their age and develop a sense of self-worth and mastery; the program reinforces the lessons they receive in life-skills classes about hygiene, nutrition, and healthy living. This guide to the sports and games component of the program is geared to the needs of disadvantaged adolescent girls. It is intended for those in the development community interested in the potential of sports to enhance the overall impact of adolescent programs. Sports can be combined with other program components to give girls a more active experience, whether the primary focus is reproductive health, literacy, or livelihood skills.
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Smith, Joel T. Chromatographic Isolation of the Polymer Diazoluminomelanin and Related Components. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada380829.
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Sessa, Guido, and Gregory B. Martin. molecular link from PAMP perception to a MAPK cascade associated with tomato disease resistance. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597918.bard.
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The research problem: The detection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is a key mechanism by which plants activate an effective immune response against pathogen attack. MAPK cascades are important signaling components downstream of PRRs that transduce the PAMP signal to activate various defense responses. Preliminary experiments suggested that the receptor-like cytoplasmickinase (RLCK) Mai5 plays a positive role in pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) and interacts with the MAPKKK M3Kε. We thus hypothesized that Mai5, as other RLCKs, functions as a component PRR complexes and acts as a molecular link between PAMP perception and activation of MAPK cascades. Original goals: The central goal of this research was to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which Mai5 and M3Kε regulate plant immunity. Specific objectives were to: 1. Determine the spectrum of PAMPs whose perception is transmitted by M3Kε; 2. Identify plant proteins that act downstream of M3Kε to mediate PTI; 3. Investigate how and where Mai5 interacts with M3Kε in the plant cell; 4. Examine the mechanism by which Mai5 contributes to PTI. Changes in research directions: We did not find convincing evidence for the involvement of M3Kε in PTI signaling and substituted objectives 1 and 3 with research activities aimed at the analysis of transcriptomic profiles of tomato plants during the onset of plant immunity, isolation of the novel tomato PRR FLS3, and investigation of the involvement of the RLCKBSKs in PTI. Main achievements during this research program are in the following major areas: 1. Functional characterization of Mai5. The function of Mai5 in PTI signaling was demonstrated by testing the effect of silencing the Mai5 gene by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments and in cell death assays. Domains of Mai5 that interact with MAPKKKs and subcellular localization of Mai5 were analyzed in detail. 2. Analysis of transcriptional profiles during the tomato immune responses to Pseudomonas syringae (Pombo et al., 2014). We identified tomato genes whose expression is induced specifically in PTI or in effector-triggered immunity (ETI). Thirty ETI-specific genes were examined by VIGS for their involvement in immunity and the MAPKKK EPK1, was found to be required for ETI. 3. Dissection of MAP kinase cascades downstream of M3Kε (Oh et al., 2013; Teper et al., 2015). We identified genes that encode positive (SGT and EDS1) and negative (WRKY1 and WRKY2) regulators of the ETI-associated cell death mediated by M3Kε. In addition, the MKK2 MAPKK, which acts downstream of M3Kε, was found to interact with the MPK3 MAPK and specific MPK3 amino acids involved interaction were identified and found to be required for induction of cell death. We also identified 5 type III effectors of the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonaseuvesicatoria that inhibited cell death induced by components of ETI-associated MAP kinase cascades. 4. Isolation of the tomato PRR FLS3 (Hind et al., submitted). FLS3, a novel PRR of the LRR-RLK family that specifically recognizes the flagellinepitope flgII-28 was isolated. FLS3 was shown to bind flgII-28, to require kinase activity for function, to act in concert with BAK1, and to enhance disease resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. 5. Functional analysis of RLCKs of the brassinosteroid signaling kinase (BSK) family.Arabidopsis and tomato BSKs were found to interact with PRRs. In addition, certain ArabidospsisBSK mutants were found to be impaired in PAMP-induced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. Scientific and agricultural significance: Our research activities discovered and characterized new molecular components of signaling pathways mediating recognition of invading pathogens and activation of immune responses against them. Increased understanding of molecular mechanisms of immunity will allow them to be manipulated by both molecular breeding and genetic engineering to produce plants with enhanced natural defense against disease.
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Rechard, R., W. Beyeler, J. Schreiber, R. McCurley, D. Rudeen, and J. Bean. Parameter sensitivity studies of selected components of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant repository/shaft system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7015819.
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Putka, Dan J., Matthew Fleisher, and Adam Beatty. Enhancing the Predictive Potential of Personality: Isolating Multiple Components of Trait Expression via a Single Administration Design. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada618190.
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Epel, Bernard L., Roger N. Beachy, A. Katz, G. Kotlinzky, M. Erlanger, A. Yahalom, M. Erlanger, and J. Szecsi. Isolation and Characterization of Plasmodesmata Components by Association with Tobacco Mosaic Virus Movement Proteins Fused with the Green Fluorescent Protein from Aequorea victoria. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573996.bard.
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The coordination and regulation of growth and development in multicellular organisms is dependent, in part, on the controlled short and long-distance transport of signaling molecule: In plants, symplastic communication is provided by trans-wall co-axial membranous tunnels termed plasmodesmata (Pd). Plant viruses spread cell-to-cell by altering Pd. This movement scenario necessitates a targeting mechanism that delivers the virus to a Pd and a transport mechanism to move the virion or viral nucleic acid through the Pd channel. The identity of host proteins with which MP interacts, the mechanism of the targeting of the MP to the Pd and biochemical information on how Pd are alter are questions which have been dealt with during this BARD project. The research objectives of the two labs were to continue their biochemical, cellular and molecular studies of Pd composition and function by employing infectious modified clones of TMV in which MP is fused with GFP. We examined Pd composition, and studied the intra- and intercellular targeting mechanism of MP during the infection cycle. Most of the goals we set for ourselves were met. The Israeli PI and collaborators (Oparka et al., 1999) demonstrated that Pd permeability is under developmental control, that Pd in sink tissues indiscriminately traffic proteins of sizes of up to 50 kDa and that during the sink to source transition there is a substantial decrease in Pd permeability. It was shown that companion cells in source phloem tissue export proteins which traffic in phloem and which unload in sink tissue and move cell to cell. The TAU group employing MP:GFP as a fluorescence probe for optimized the procedure for Pd isolation. At least two proteins kinases found to be associated with Pd isolated from source leaves of N. benthamiana, one being a calcium dependent protein kinase. A number of proteins were microsequenced and identified. Polyclonal antibodies were generated against proteins in a purified Pd fraction. A T-7 phage display library was created and used to "biopan" for Pd genes using these antibodies. Selected isolates are being sequenced. The TAU group also examined whether the subcellular targeting of MP:GFP was dependent on processes that occurred only in the presence of the virus or whether targeting was a property indigenous to MP. Mutant non-functional movement proteins were also employed to study partial reactions. Subcellular targeting and movement were shown to be properties indigenous to MP and that these processes do not require other viral elements. The data also suggest post-translational modification of MP is required before the MP can move cell to cell. The USA group monitored the development of the infection and local movement of TMV in N. benthamiana, using viral constructs expressing GFP either fused to the MP of TMV or expressing GFP as a free protein. The fusion protein and/or the free GFP were expressed from either the movement protein subgenomic promoter or from the subgenomic promoter of the coat protein. Observations supported the hypothesis that expression from the cp sgp is regulated differently than expression from the mp sgp (Szecsi et al., 1999). Using immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy, it was determined that paired wall-appressed bodies behind the leading edge of the fluorescent ring induced by TMV-(mp)-MP:GFP contain MP:GFP and the viral replicase. These data suggest that viral spread may be a consequence of the replication process. Observation point out that expression of proteins from the mp sgp is temporary regulated, and degradation of the proteins occurs rapidly or more slowly, depending on protein stability. It is suggested that the MP contains an external degradation signal that contributes to rapid degradation of the protein even if expressed from the constitutive cp sgp. Experiments conducted to determine whether the degradation of GFP and MP:GFP was regulated at the protein or RNA level, indicated that regulation was at the protein level. RNA accumulation in infected protoplast was not always in correlation with protein accumulation, indicating that other mechanisms together with RNA production determine the final intensity and stability of the fluorescent proteins.
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Mizrahi, Itzhak, and Bryan A. White. Uncovering rumen microbiome components shaping feed efficiency in dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600020.bard.
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Ruminants provide human society with high quality food from non-human-edible resources, but their emissions negatively impact the environment via greenhouse gas production. The rumen and its resident microorganisms dictate both processes. The overall goal of this project was to determine whether a causal relationship exists between the rumen microbiome and the host animal's physiology, and if so, to isolate and examine the specific determinants that enable this causality. To this end, we divided the project into three specific parts: (1) determining the feed efficiency of 200 milking cows, (2) determining whether the feed- efficiency phenotype can be transferred by transplantation and (3) isolating and examining microbial consortia that can affect the feed-efficiency phenotype by their transplantation into germ-free ruminants. We finally included 1000 dairy cow metadata in our study that revealed a global core microbiome present in the rumen whose composition and abundance predicted many of the cows’ production phenotypes, including methane emission. Certain members of the core microbiome are heritable and have strong associations to cardinal rumen metabolites and fermentation products that govern the efficiency of milk production. These heritable core microbes therefore present primary targets for rumen manipulation towards sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture. We then went beyond examining the metagenomic content, and asked whether microbes behave differently with relation to the host efficiency state. We sampled twelve animals with two extreme efficiency phenotypes, high efficiency and low efficiency where the first represents animals that maximize energy utilization from their feed whilst the later represents animals with very low utilization of the energy from their feed. Our analysis revealed differences in two host efficiency states in terms of the microbial expression profiles both with regards to protein identities and quantities. Another aim of the proposal was the cultivation of undescribed rumen microorganisms is one of the most important tasks in rumen microbiology. Our findings from phylogenetic analysis of cultured OTUs on the lower branches of the phylogenetic tree suggest that multifactorial traits govern cultivability. Interestingly, most of the cultured OTUs belonged to the rare rumen biosphere. These cultured OTUs could not be detected in the rumen microbiome, even when we surveyed it across 38 rumen microbiome samples. These findings add another unique dimension to the complexity of the rumen microbiome and suggest that a large number of different organisms can be cultured in a single cultivation effort. In the context of the grant, the establishment of ruminant germ-free facility was possible and preliminary experiments were successful, which open up the way for direct applications of the new concepts discovered here, prior to the larger scale implementation at the agricultural level.
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Sukenik, Assaf, Paul Roessler, and John Ohlrogge. Biochemical and Physiological Regulation of Lipid Synthesis in Unicellular Algae with Special Emphasis on W-3 Very Long Chain Lipids. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604932.bard.
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Various unicellular algae produce omega-3 (w3) very-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (VLC-PUFA), which are rarely found in higher plants. In this research and other studies from our laboratories, it has been demonstrated that the marine unicellular alga Nannochloropsis (Eustigmatophyceae) can be used as a reliable and high quality source for the w3 VLC-PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This alga is widely used in mariculture systems as the primary component of the artificial food chain in fish larvae production, mainly due to its high EPA content. Furthermore, w3 fatty acids are essential for humans as dietary supplements and may have therapeutic benefits. The goal of this research proposal was to understand the physiological and biochemical mechanisms which regulate the synthesis and accumulation of glycerolipids enriched with w3 VLC-PUFA in Nannochloropsis. The results of our studies demonstrate various aspects of lipid synthesis and its regulation in the alga: 1. Variations in lipid class composition imposed by various environmental conditions were determined with special emphasis on the relative abundance of the molecular species of triacylglycerol (TAG) and monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG). 2. The relationships between the cellular content of major glycerolipids (TAG and MGDG) and the enzymes involved in their synthesis were studied. The results suggested the importance of UDP-galactose diacylglycerol galactosyl (UDGT) in regulation of the cellular level of MGDG. In a current effort we have purified UDGT several hundredfold from Nannochloropsis. It is our aim to purify this enzyme to near homogeneity and to produce antibodies against this enzyme in order to provide the tools for elucidation of the biochemical mechanisms that regulate this enzyme and carbon allocation into galactolipids. 3. Our in vitro and in vivo labeling studies indicated the possibility that phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) are associated with desaturation of the structural lipids, whereas shorter chain saturated fatty acids are more likely to be incorporated into TAG. 4. Isolation of several putative mutants of Nannochloropsis which appear to have different lipid and fatty acid compositions than the wild type; a mutant of a special importance that is devoid of EPA was fully characterized. In addition, we could demonstrate the feasibility of Nannochloropsis biomass production for aquaculture and human health: 1) We demonstrated in semi-industrial scale the feasibility of mass production of Nannochloropsis biomass in collaboration with the algae plant NBT in Eilat; 2) Nutritional studies verified the importance algal w3 fatty acids for the development of rats and demonstrated that Nannochloropsis biomass fed to pregnant and lactating rats can benefit their offspring.
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Paterson, Andrew H., Yehoshua Saranga, and Dan Yakir. Improving Productivity of Cotton (Gossypsum spp.) in Arid Region Agriculture: An Integrated Physiological/Genetic Approach. United States Department of Agriculture, December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7573066.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: We seek to establish the basis for improving cotton productivity under arid conditions, by studying the water use efficiency - evaporative cooling interrelationship. Specifically, we will test the hypothesis that cotton productivity under arid conditions can be improved by combining high seasonal WUE with efficient evaporative cooling, evaluate whether high WUE and/or evaporative cooling are based on specific physiological factors such as diurnal flexibility in stomatal conductance, stomatal density, photosynthetic capacity, chlorophyll fluorescence, and plant water status. Genes influencing both WUE and evaporative cooling, as well as other parameters such as economic products (lint yield, quality, harvest index) of cotton will also be mapped, in order to evaluate influences of water relations on these parameters. Approach: Carbon isotope ratio will be used to evaluate WUE, accompanied by additional parameters to elucidate the relationship between WUE, evaporative cooling, and cotton productivity. A detailed RFLP map will be used to determine the number, location, and phenotypic effects of genes underlying genetic variation in WUE between cultivated cottons, as well as test associations of these genes with traits of economic importance such as harvest index, lint yield, and lint quality. Major Conclusions: Productivity and quality of cotton grown under well-watered versus water-limited conditions was shown to be partly accounted for by different quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Among a suite of physiological traits often found to differ between genotypes adapted to arid versus well-watered conditions, genetic mapping implicated only reduced plant osmotic potential in improved cotton productivity under arid conditions. Our findings clearly implicate OP as a major component of cotton adaptation to arid conditions. However, testing of further physiological hypotheses is clearly needed to account for additional QTL alleles conferring higher seed-cotton yield under arid conditions, such as three of the five we found. Near-isogenic lines being made for QTLs discovered herein will offer a powerful new tool useful toward identification of the underlying gene(s) by using fine-scale mapping approaches (Paterson et al 1990). Implications: Adaptation to both arid and favorable conditions can be combined into the same genotype. We have identified diagnostic DNA markers that are being applied to creation of such desirable genotypes. Simultaneous improvement of productivity (and/or quality) for both arid and irrigated conditions will require more extensive field testing and the manipulation of larger numbers of genes, reducing the expected rate of genetic gain These difficulties may be at least partly ameliorated by efficiencies gained through identification and use of diagnostic DNA markers. Genomic tools and approaches may expedite adaptation of crops to arid cultivation, help to test roles of additional physiological factors, and guide the isolation of the underlying genes that protect crop performance under arid conditions.