Relevant bibliographies by topics / Compliant Mechanism Designs

Academic literature on the topic 'Compliant Mechanism Designs'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Compliant Mechanism Designs"

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Valdivia y Alvarado, Pablo, and Kamal Youcef-Toumi. "Design of Machines With Compliant Bodies for Biomimetic Locomotion in Liquid Environments." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 128, no. 1 (September 19, 2005): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2168476.

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The aim of this work is to investigate alternative designs for machines intended for biomimetic locomotion in liquid environments. For this, structural compliance instead of discrete assemblies is used to achieve desired mechanism kinematics. We propose two models that describe the dynamics of special compliant mechanisms that can be used to achieve biomimetic locomotion in liquid environments. In addition, we describe the use of analytical solutions for mechanism design. Prototypes that implement the proposed compliant mechanisms are presented and their performance is measured by comparing their kinematic behavior and ultimate locomotion performance with the ones of real fish. This study shows that simpler, more robust mechanisms, as the ones described in this paper, can display comparable performance to existing designs.
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Krishnan, G., C. Kim, and S. Kota. "Building block method: a bottom-up modular synthesis methodology for distributed compliant mechanisms." Mechanical Sciences 3, no. 1 (March 28, 2012): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-3-15-2012.

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Abstract. Synthesizing topologies of compliant mechanisms are based on rigid-link kinematic designs or completely automated optimization techniques. These designs yield mechanisms that match the kinematic specifications as a whole, but seldom yield user insight on how each constituent member contributes towards the overall mechanism performance. This paper reviews recent developments in building block based design of compliant mechanisms. A key aspect of such a methodology is formulating a representation of compliance at a (i) single unique point of interest in terms of geometric quantities such as ellipses and vectors, and (ii) relative compliance between distinct input(s) and output(s) in terms of load flow. This geometric representation provides a direct mapping between the mechanism geometry and their behavior, and is used to characterize simple deformable members that form a library of building blocks. The design space spanned by the building block library guides the decomposition of a given problem specification into tractable sub-problems that can be each solved from an entry in the library. The effectiveness of this geometric representation aids user insight in design, and enables discovery of trends and guidelines to obtain practical conceptual designs.
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Fowler, R. M., L. L. Howell, and S. P. Magleby. "Compliant space mechanisms: a new frontier for compliant mechanisms." Mechanical Sciences 2, no. 2 (October 20, 2011): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-2-205-2011.

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Abstract. Compliant mechanisms offer distinct advantages for use in space that can address many of the issues encountered with current rigid-link space mechanisms. Compliant space mechanisms are defined as moveable mechanical assemblies that achieve their desired motion, force, or displacement by means of the deflection of flexible members and can perform a necessary function in the environments of launch and space. Many current space mechanisms are already highly optimized, yet they still experience inherent challenges, and it is unclear if significant improvements in performance can be made by continuing to refine current designs. Compliant space mechanisms offer a promising opportunity to change the fundamental approach to achieving controlled motion in space systems and have potential for dramatic increases in mechanism performance given the constraints of the space environment. This paper proposes the merger of the fields of compliant mechanisms and space mechanisms as a future direction of research in compliant mechanisms, discusses in detail the motivation to do so, and addresses the key factors of applying compliant mechanism technology to space mechanisms.
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Hao, Guangbo, and Haiyang Li. "Conceptual designs of multi-degree of freedom compliant parallel manipulators composed of wire-beam based compliant mechanisms." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 229, no. 3 (May 15, 2014): 538–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214535925.

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This paper proposes conceptual designs of multi-degree(s) of freedom (DOF) compliant parallel manipulators (CPMs) including 3-DOF translational CPMs and 6-DOF CPMs using a building block based pseudo-rigid-body-model (PRBM) approach. The proposed multi-DOF CPMs are composed of wire-beam based compliant mechanisms (WBBCMs) as distributed-compliance compliant building blocks (CBBs). Firstly, a comprehensive literature review for the design approaches of compliant mechanisms is conducted, and a building block based PRBM is then presented, which replaces the traditional kinematic sub-chain with an appropriate multi-DOF CBB. In order to obtain the decoupled 3-DOF translational CPMs (XYZ CPMs), two classes of kinematically decoupled 3-PPPR (P: prismatic joint, R: revolute joint) translational parallel mechanisms (TPMs) and 3-PPPRR TPMs are identified based on the type synthesis of rigid-body parallel mechanisms, and WBBCMs as the associated CBBs are further designed. Via replacing the traditional actuated P joint and the traditional passive PPR/PPRR sub-chain in each leg of the 3-DOF TPM with the counterpart CBBs (i.e. WBBCMs), a number of decoupled XYZ CPMs are obtained by appropriate arrangements. In order to obtain the decoupled 6-DOF CPMs, an orthogonally-arranged decoupled 6-PSS (S: spherical joint) parallel mechanism is first identified, and then two example 6-DOF CPMs are proposed by the building block based PRBM method. It is shown that, among these designs, two types of monolithic XYZ CPM designs with extended life have been presented.
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Otomori, M., T. Yamada, K. Izui, and S. Nishiwaki. "Level set-based topology optimisation of a compliant mechanism design using mathematical programming." Mechanical Sciences 2, no. 1 (May 10, 2011): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-2-91-2011.

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Abstract. We propose a structural optimisation method, based on the level set method and using mathematical programming such as the method of moving asymptotes (MMA), which we apply to the design of compliant mechanisms. A compliant mechanism is a monolithic joint-free mechanism designed to be flexible to obtain a specified motion. In the design of compliant mechanisms, several requirements such as the direction of the deformation and stress concentrations must be considered to obtain the specified mechanical function. Topology optimisation, the most flexible type of structural optimisation, has been successfully used as a design optimisation method for compliant mechanisms, but the utility of topology optimisation results is often spoiled by a plethora of impractical designs such as structures containing grayscale areas. Level set-based topology optimisation methods are immune to the problem of grayscales since the boundaries of the optimal configuration are implicitly represented using the level set function. The proposed method updates the level set function using mathematical programming to facilitate the treatment of constraint functionals. To verify its capability, we apply our method to compliant mechanism design problems that include displacement constraints and stress constraints.
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Sönmez, Ümit. "Introduction to Compliant Long Dwell Mechanism Designs Using Buckling Beams and Arcs." Journal of Mechanical Design 129, no. 8 (July 2, 2006): 831–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2735337.

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New classes of compliant long dwell mechanism designs are introduced, formulated, and simulated. These classes of compliant dwell mechanisms incorporate the buckling motion of flexible members. Long dwell motion is obtained throughout the buckling motion of a flexible follower. Flexible buckling members are modeled using polynomial functions fitted to nonlinear inextensible exact elastica theory. The displacement analysis of the mechanisms is done quasi-statically using loop closure theory, static equilibrium of flexible parts represented by polynomial load deflections. One example of each new mechanism and its simulation results are presented.
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Ahmad, Mohd Nizam, Karimah Mat, and Wan Mansor Wan Muhamad. "A Novel Design of Car Wiper Using Compliant Mechanism Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (December 2013): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.39.

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Compliant mechanism is a new design approach on industry, particularly on product development, which reducing cost, development time and introduction of new quality components. This paper is focusing on the application of compliant mechanism concept on car wiper by using shape optimization method to get optimum compliant design of wiper. Reverse engineering has been used to gather dimensional data in order to model the actual wiper as datum. Compliant wiper designs are developed by replacing the joints at datum wiper; hence the components of wiper were reduced to become single part only. The shape of compliant wiper then was optimized by using ASNYS to get the optimal compliant design. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was done on both datum and compliant wipers to examine the results. Simple physical and functional testing has been conducted to validate the functionality of compliant wiper. Based on the FEA results and simple testing, the compliant mechanism is able to be implemented at car wiper.
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Kit Yee, Sara Lee, Lam Yeap Sheng, and Tan Yong Li. "A Preliminary Study on the Compliant Stretcher Mechanism of Canopy." E3S Web of Conferences 243 (2021): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124302007.

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The design of the canopy utilizes the conventional rigid body mechanisms which is vulnerable to the presence of backlash, friction of joints or wearing of mechanical parts which lead to short product life. Compliant mechanisms are employed to reduce these mechanical problems, owing to their zero-joint and monolithic structure. A reference design for the conventional canopy was chosen and modified through reviewing different patent designs. Six different configurations of the pseudo-rigid-body model (PRBM) were constructed, and the best configuration was selected. Kinematic synthesis with function generation was performed for the chosen PRBM using MATLAB. The obtained results from the kinematic synthesis were then used to calculate the dimensions and stresses of the flexural pivots for the compliant stretcher mechanism. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulation was then performed on each of the models and the obtained flexural pivot stresses were compared with that of the PRBM. This research successfully replaces all the rigid joints and links of the stretcher mechanism of the conventional canopy to form a monolithic structure of compliant stretcher mechanism.
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Guo, Jincheng, and Huaping Tang. "Stiffness-Oriented Structure Topology Optimization for Hinge-Free Compliant Mechanisms Design." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 16, 2021): 10831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210831.

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This paper presents a stiffness-oriented structure topology optimization (TO) method for the design of a continuous, hinge-free compliant mechanism (CM). A synthesis formulation is developed to maximize the mechanism’s mutual potential energy (MPE) to achieve required structure flexibility while maximizing the desired stiffness to withstand the loads. Different from the general approach of maximizing the overall stiffness of the structure, the proposed approach can contribute to guiding the optimization process focus on the desired stiffness in a specified direction by weighting the related eigen-frequency of the corresponding eigenmode. The benefit from this is that we can make full use of the material in micro-level compliant mechanism designs. The single-node connected hinge issue which often happened in optimized design can be precluded by introducing the eigen-frequency constraint into this synthesis formulation. Several obtained hinge-free designs illustrate the validity and robustness of the presented method and offer an alternative method for hinge-free compliant mechanism designs.
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Meng, Qiaoling, Zhongzhe Chen, Haolun Kang, Zhijia Shen, and Hongliu Yu. "Analytical Modeling and Application for Semi-Circular Notch Flexure Hinges." Applied Sciences 13, no. 16 (August 15, 2023): 9248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13169248.

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Flexure-based compliant mechanisms can be used to achieve bio-imitability and adaptability in the applications of biomedical engineering. However, a nonlinear load-displacement profile increases the design complexity of this type of compliant mechanism, especially when the cross-section of the flexure hinge is not constant. This paper proposes two general analytical models by analyzing the compliance and stress characteristics of the semi-circular notch flexure hinge undergoing large deflections, which is a typical variable cross-section of a flexure hinge, based on the Castigliano’s second theorem and the finite elements analysis method. As a case study for verification, three compliant four-bar linkage mechanisms are designed based on the proposed design approach, the design method proposed by Howell, and the equations proposed by Lobontiu, respectively. The results show that the design accuracy is improved 36% in comparison with designs from Howell and Lobontiu. Finally, a flexure-based artificial finger is designed and manufactured based on the proposed optimization approach. The performance test of the prototype shows that the artificial finger has good bio-imitability and adaptability with respect to joint movements.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Compliant Mechanism Designs"

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Dearden, Jason Lon. "Design and Analysis of Two Compliant Mechanism Designs for Use in Minimally Invasive Surgical Instruments." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2016. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7383.

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Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has several advantages over traditional methods. Scaling MIS instruments to smaller sizes and increasing their performance will enable surgeons to offer new procedures to a wider range of patients. In this work, two compliant mechanism-based minimally invasive surgical instrument wrist or gripper mechanisms are designed and analyzed.The cylindrical cross-axis flexural pivot (CCAFP) is a single-degree-of-freedom wrist mechanism that could be combined with existing gripper mechanisms to create a multi-degree-of freedom instrument. The simplicity of the CCAFP mechanism facilitates analysis and implementation. The flexures of the CCAFP are integral with the instrument shaft, enabling accessories to be passed through the lumen. The CCAFP is analyzed and determined to be a viable wrist mechanism for MIS instruments based on research results. A finite element (FE) model of the mechanism is created to analyze the force-deflection and strain-deflection relationships. Experimental results are used to verify the FE model. A 3 mm design is created that could undergo an angular deflection of +/- 90 degrees. The addition of cam surfaces to help guide the flexures and limit the maximum stress during deflection is explored. These cam surfaces can be integral to the instrument shaft along with the flexures. A 2 degree-of-freedom (DoF) CCAFP with intersecting axes of rotation is also introduced. The inverted L-Arm gripper compliant mechanism has 2 DoF, one wrist and one gripping. Three challenges associated with using compliant mechanisms in MIS instruments are considered: inadequate performance in compression, large flexure deformations, and a highly variable mechanical advantage. These challenges were resolved in the L-Arm design by inverting the flexures, tailoring flexure geometry and employing nitinol, and integrating pulleys into each jaw of the mechanism. The L-Arm was prototyped at several sizes to demonstrate functionality and scalability. A finite element model of the L-Arm flexure was created to determine the strain-deflection relationship. A fatigue test was completed to characterize nitinol for use in compliant mechanism MIS instruments.These concepts demonstrate the ability of compliant mechanisms to overcome the design and manufacturing challenges associated with MIS instruments at the 3 mm scale. The models and principles included in this work could be used in the application of compliant mechanisms to design new MIS instruments as well as in other areas that employ compliant mechanisms in a cylindrical form factor.
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Jensen, Brian D. "Identification of Macro- and Micro-Compliant Mechanism Configurations Resulting in Bistable Behavior." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2003. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/83.

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The purpose of this research is to identify the configurations of several mechanism classes which result in bistable behavior. Bistable mechanisms have use in many applications, such as switches, clasps, closures, hinges, and so on. A powerful method for the design of such mechanisms would allow the realization of working designs much more easily than has been possible in the past. A method for the design of bistable mechanisms is especially needed for micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) because fabrication and material constraints often prevent the use of simple, well-known bistable mechanism configurations. In addition, this knowledge allows designers to take advantage of the many benefits of compliant echanisms, especially their ability to store and release energy in their moving segments. Therefore, an analysis of a variety of mechanism classes has been performed to determine the configurations of compliant segments or rigid-body springs in a mechanism which result in bistable behavior. The analysis revealed a relationship between the placement of compliant segments and the stability characteristics of the mechanism which allows either analysis or synthesis of bistable mechanisms to be performed very easily. Using this knowledge, a method of type synthesis for bistable mechanisms has been developed which allows bistable mechanisms to be easily synthesized. Several design examples have been presented which demonstrate the method. The theory has also been applied to the design of several bistable micromechanisms. In the process of searching for usable designs for micro-bistable mechanisms, a mechanism class was defined, known as "Young" mechanisms, which represent a feasible and useful way of achieving micro-mechanism motion similar to that of any four-bar mechanism. Based on this class, several bistable micro-mechanisms were designed and fabricated. Testing demonstrated the ability of the mechanisms to snap between the two stable states. In addition, the mechanisms showed a high degree of repeatability in their stable positions.
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Mackay, Allen Boyd. "Large-displacement linear-motion compliant mechanisms /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2007. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1845.pdf.

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Delimont, Isaac L. "Compliant Joints Suitable for Use as Surrogate Folds." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4231.

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Origami-inspired design is an emerging field capable of producing compact and efficient designs. The object of a surrogate fold is to provide a fold-like motion in a non-paper material without undergoing yielding. Compliant mechanisms provide a means to achieve these objectives as large deflections are achieved. The purpose of this thesis is to present a summary of existing compliant joints suitable for use as surrogate folds. In doing so, motions are characterized which no existing compliant joint provides. A series of compliant joints is proposed which provides many of these motions. The possibility of patterning compliant joints to form an array is discussed. Arrays capable of producing interesting motions are noted.
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Landsiedel, Nathan M. 1977. "Design of a formed - folded compliant layered mechanism." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30312.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 107-108).
The purpose of this research was to investigate a new method and a new practice of engineering low-cost, actuatable mechanisms. This work investigates the theory and practice which are needed to lay a foundation for the design of actuated mechanisms that consist of discrete functional sheets. The various requirements of traditional, functional components are embodied in sheets, or layers, of material rather than in discrete components (e.g. actuators, links, gears, etc...). The functional layers are designed to be bonded together in a way that forms an actuatable mechanism. These compliant layered mechanisms, CLMs, consist of four layers: (1) a skeleton cut from a single sheet of material that provides structural elements and compliant amplification mechanisms, (2) actuation, (3) control circuitry, and (4) sensors or other functional components as needed. This thesis presents the design, modeling, fabrication, and experimental validation of the CLM concept. Precision machines with integrated stiffness characteristics, actuation, and control circuitry are realized through forming / folding the CLM sheet. The CLM is implemented in a five axis nano-manipulator capable of a range of hundreds of microns and a resolution of tens of nanometers. The CLM manipulator is modeled using a node/beam stiffness matrix in CoMeTTM. The performance of the manipulator and the accuracy of the model are verified through a series of experiments in which the manipulator is made to translate (Y and Z) and rotate (OX). The skeleton of the CLM utilizes thin elliptical compliant amplifier mechanisms (TECAs) to provide amplification and guidance of the actuators.
(cont.) The behavior of the TECA is shown to be governed by the transmission ratio (amplification) and the ratio of the width to thickness of the flexure elements. A parametric design tool was developed enabling designers to predict and control the performance of TECAs subjected to a combination of desired and undesired forces through optimization of these key ratios. The CLM offers advantages in applications beyond manipulation which currently require costly mechanisms based on discrete functional components. Two such applications are morphing structures such as the Smart Wing under development by NASA and DARPA [1], and energy transducing and damping mechanisms.
by Nathan M. Landsiedel.
S.M.
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Zirbel, Shannon Alisa. "Compliant Mechanisms for Deployable Space Systems." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5612.

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The purpose of this research is to develop fundamentals of compliant mechanisms in deployable space systems. The scope was limited to creating methods for thick origami, developing compliant deployable solar arrays, and developing methods for stowing and deploying the arrays. The research on actuation methods was focused on a one-time deployment of the array. Concepts for both passive and active actuation were considered. The primary objective of this work was to develop approaches to accommodate thickness in origami-based deployable arrays with a high ratio of deployed-to-stowed diameter. The HanaFlex design was derived from the origami flasher model and is developed as a deployable solar array for large arrays (150 kW or greater) and CubeSat arrays (60 W). The origami folding concept enables compact stowage of the array, which would be deployed from a hexagonal prism into a flat array with about a 10-times increase in deployed diameter as compared to stowed diameter. The work on the origami pattern for the solar array was also applied to the folding of 80-100 m2 solar sails for two NASA CubeSat missions, NEA-Scout and Lunar Flashlight. The CubeSat program is a promising avenue to put the solar array or solar sails into space for testing and proving their functionality. The deployable array concept is easily scalable, although application to CubeSats changes some of the design constraints. The thickness-to-diameter ratio is larger, making the issues of thickness more pronounced. Methods of actuation are also limited on CubeSats because of the rigorous size and weight constraints. This dissertation also includes the development of a compact, self-deploying array based on a tapered map fold design. The tapered map fold was modified by applying an elastic membrane to one side of the array and adequately spacing the panels adjacent to valley folds. Through this approach, the array can be folded into a fully dense stowed volume. Potential applications for the array include a collapsible solar array for military or backpacking applications. Additional compliant mechanism design was done in support of the HanaFlex array. This included a serpentine flexure to attach the array to the perimeter truss for deployment, and a bistable mechanism that may be used in the deployment of the array or sail.
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Lan, Chao-Chieh. "Computational Models for Design and Analysis of Compliant Mechanisms." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14076.

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We consider here a class of mechanisms consisting of one or more compliant members, the manipulation of which relies on the deflection of those members. Compared with traditional rigid-body mechanisms, compliant mechanisms have the advantages of no relative moving parts and thus involve no wear, backlash, noises and lubrication. Motivated by the need in food processing industry, this paper presents the Global Coordinate Model (GCM) and the generalized shooting method (GSM) as a numerical solver for analyzing compliant mechanisms consisting of members that may be initially straight or curved. As the name suggests, the advantage of global coordinate model is that all the members share the same reference frame, and hence, greatly simplifies the formulation for multi-link and multi-axis compliant mechanisms. The GCM presents a systematic procedure with forward/inverse models for analyzing generic compliant mechanisms. Dynamic and static examples will be given and verified experimentally. We also develop the Generalized Shooting Method (GSM) to efficiently solve the equations given by the GCM. Unlike FD or FE methods that rely on fine discretization of beam members to improve its accuracy, the generalized SM that treats the boundary value problem (BVP) as an initial value problem can achieve higher-order accuracy relatively easily. Using the GCM, we also presents a formulation based on the Nonlinear Constrained Optimization (NCO) techniques to analyze contact problems of compliant grippers. For a planar problem it essentially reduces the domain of discretization by one dimension. Hence it requires simpler formulation and is computationally more efficient than other methods such as finite element analysis. An immediate application for this research is the automated live-bird transfer system developed at Georgia Tech. Success to this development is the design of compliant mechanisms that can accommodate different sizes of birds without damage to them. The feature to be monolithic also makes complaint mechanisms attracting in harsh environments such as food processing plants. Compliant mechanisms can also be easily miniaturized and show great promise in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). It is expected that the model presented here will have a wide spectrum of applications and will effectively facilitate the process of design and optimization of compliant mechanisms.
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Stratton, Eric M. "Design and Analysis of a Compliant Mechanism Spinal Implant." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2441.

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This thesis introduces and presents the modeling of a novel compliant spinal implant designed to reduce back pain and restore function to degenerate spinal disc tissues as well as provide a mechanical environment conducive to healing the tissues. The initial objectives for this device development and the focus of this work are modeling and validation of the force-deflection relationships and stress analysis. Modeling was done using the pseudo-rigid-body model to create a 3 degree of freedom mechanism for flexion-extension (forward-backward bending) and a 5 degree of freedom mechanism for lateral bending (side-to-side). These models were analyzed using the principle of virtual work to obtain the force-deflection response of the device. The model showed good correlation to finite element analysis and experimental results. Also, described in this thesis is a model that incorporates an estimate of the combined stiffness of the biologic structures. This combined model is confirmed by cadaveric testing. A stress analysis of the implant for combined loading conditions is also presented. This work introduces and provides a foundation for the FlexSuRe™ spinal implant.
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Pendleton, Tyler M. "Design and Fabrication of Rotationally Tristable Compliant Mechanisms." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1552.pdf.

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Mackay, Allen B. "Large-Displacement Linear-Motion Compliant Mechanisms." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/901.

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Linear-motion compliant mechanisms have generally been developed for small displacement applications. The objective of the thesis is to provide a basis for improved large-displacement linear-motion compliant mechanisms (LLCMs). One of the challenges in developing large-displacement compliant mechanisms is the apparent performance tradeoff between displacement and off-axis stiffness. In order to facilitate the evaluation, comparison, and optimization of the performance of LLCMs, this work formulates and presents a set of metrics that evaluates displacement and off-axis stiffness. The metrics are non-dimensionalized and consist of the relevant characteristics that describe mechanism displacement, off-axis stiffness, actuation force, and size. Displacement is normalized by the footprint of the device. Transverse stiffness is normalized by a new performance characteristic called virtual axial stiffness. Torsional stiffness is normalized by a performance characteristic called the characteristic torque. Because large-displacement compliant mechanisms are often characterized by non-constant axial and off-axis stiffnesses, these normalized stiffness metrics are formulated to account for the variation of both axial and off-axis stiffness over the range of displacement. In pursuit of mechanisms with higher performance, this work also investigates the development of a new compliant mechanism element. It presents a pseudo-rigid-body model (PRBM) for rolling-contact compliant beams (RCC beams), a compliant element used in the RCC suspension. The loading conditions and boundary conditions for RCC beams can be simplified to an equivalent cantilever beam that has the same force-deflection characteristics as the RCC beam. Building on the PRBM for cantilever beams, this paper defines a model for the force-deflection relationship for RCC beams. Included in the definition of the RCC PRBM are the pseudo-rigid-body model parameters that determine the shape of the beam, the length of the corresponding pseudo-rigid-body links and the stiffness of the equivalent torsional spring. The behavior of the RCC beam is parameterized in terms of a single parameter defined as clearance, or the distance between the contact surfaces. The RCC beams exhibit a unique force-displacement curve where the force is inversely proportional to the clearance squared. The RCC suspension is modeled using the newly defined PRBM. The suspension exhibits unique performance, generating no resistance to axial motion while providing significant off-axis stiffness. The mechanism has a large range of travel and operates with frictionless motion due to the rolling-contact beams. In addition to functioning as a stand-alone linear-motion mechanism, the RCC suspension can be configured with other linear mechanisms in superposition to improve the off-axis stiffness of other mechanisms without affecting their axial resistance.
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Books on the topic "Compliant Mechanism Designs"

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Compliant mechanisms: Design of flexure hinges. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2003.

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Lobontiu, Nicolae. Compliant Mechanisms. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Howell, Larry L., Spencer P. Magleby, and Brian M. Olsen. Handbook of Compliant Mechanisms. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.

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Howell, Larry L., Spencer P. Magleby, and Brian M. Olsen. Handbook of Compliant Mechanisms. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2013.

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Howell, Larry L., Spencer P. Magleby, and Brian M. Olsen. Handbook of Compliant Mechanisms. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2013.

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Howell, Larry L., Spencer P. Magleby, and Brian M. Olsen. Handbook of Compliant Mechanisms. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.

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Howell, Larry L., Spencer P. Magleby, and Brian M. Olsen. Handbook of Compliant Mechanisms. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.

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Howell, Larry L., Spencer P. Magleby, and Brian M. Olsen. Handbook of Compliant Mechanisms. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2013.

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Lobontiu, Nicolae. Compliant Mechanisms: Design of Flexure Hinges. Taylor & Francis Group, 2002.

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Lobontiu, Nicolae. Compliant Mechanisms: Design of Flexure Hinges. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Book chapters on the topic "Compliant Mechanism Designs"

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Linß, S. "6. Synthesis of compliant mechanisms and design of flexure hinges." In Compliant systems, 133–56. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110479744-143.

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Magleby, Spencer P. "Using the Handbook to Design Devices." In Handbook of Compliant Mechanisms, 15–25. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118516485.ch2.

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Qiu, Chen, and Jian S. Dai. "Conceptual Design of Compliant Parallel Mechanisms." In Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics, 65–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48313-5_5.

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Kern, D., J. Bauer, and W. Seemann. "Control of Compliant Mechanisms with Large Deflections." In Advances in Mechanisms Design, 193–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5125-5_26.

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Zhang, Xianmin, and Benliang Zhu. "Introduction to Compliant Mechanisms and Design Methods." In Topology Optimization of Compliant Mechanisms, 1–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0432-3_1.

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Wang, Nianfeng, Jianliang Zhang, and Xianmin Zhang. "Design of Passive Compliant Constant-Force Mechanism." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 471–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4477-4_33.

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Yoo, Jeong Hoon, and Seung Jae Min. "Design of Micro-Actuators Using Compliant Mechanism." In Fracture and Strength of Solids VI, 1169–74. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-989-x.1169.

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Quennouelle, C., and C. M. Gosselin. "Stiffness Matrix of Compliant Parallel Mechanisms." In Advances in Robot Kinematics: Analysis and Design, 331–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8600-7_35.

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Yu, Y., and Q. Xu. "Dynamic Modeling of Flexural Beams with Combined Loads in Compliant Mechanisms." In Mechanism Design for Robotics, 93–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00365-4_12.

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Kittinanthapanya, Rasheed, Yusuke Sugahara, Daisuke Matsuura, and Yukio Takeda. "A Novel SMA Driven Compliant Rotary Actuator Based on Double Helical Structure." In Mechanism Design for Robotics, 166–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00365-4_20.

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Conference papers on the topic "Compliant Mechanism Designs"

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Wang, Michael Yu. "A Kinetoelastic Approach to Continuum Compliant Mechanism Optimization." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49426.

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This paper presents a new approach to designing continuum compliant mechanisms—the kinetoelastic approach. We present a new formulation of the design problem, incorporating not only the kinematic function requirements of the mechanism but, more importantly, the compliance characteristics of the mechanism’s structure. In our kinetoelastic model, the kinematics of the compliant mechanism is defined on rigid-bodies of input/output ports and is related to a set of kinetoelastic factors of mechanism’s structure in a state equation of the mechanism defined by the elasticity theory. Central to defining the compliance characteristics of the mechanism is the mechanism eigensystem with principal eigen-stiffness or eigen-compliance. In this new perspective, we further apply the kinetoelastic model to the problem of designing compliant translational joints with a structure topology optimization technique. This application demonstrates the capability of the kinetoelastic approach in producing compliant designs with desirable compliance properties, such as in the leaf-spring type sliding joint as opposed to the notch-type joint. The paper represents an initial development towards a complete methodology for continuum compliant mechanism design.
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Olsen, Brian M., Yanal Issac, Larry L. Howell, and Spencer P. Magleby. "Utilizing a Classification Scheme to Facilitate Rigid-Body Replacement for Compliant Mechanism Design." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28473.

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The knowledge related to the synthesis and analysis of compliant mechanisms continues to grow and mature. Building on this growth, a classification scheme has been established to categorize compliant elements and mechanisms in a manner that engineers can incorporate compliance into their designs. This paper demonstrates a design approach engineers can use to convert an existing rigid-body mechanism into a compliant mechanism by using an established classification scheme. This approach proposes two possible techniques that use rigid-body replacement synthesis in conjunction with a compliant mechanism classification scheme. One technique replaces rigid-body elements with a respective compliant element. The other technique replaces a complex rigid-body mechanism by decomposing the mechanism into simpler functions and then replacing a respective rigid-body mechanism with a compliant mechanism that has a similar functionality.
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Murphy, Morgan D., Ashok Midha, and Larry L. Howell. "On the Mobility of Compliant Mechanisms." In ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1994-0291.

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Abstract The topological synthesis for a compliant mechanism leads to a very large number of design options from which to select a final design. Therefore, an evaluation of a mechanism’s ability to meet selected criteria provides a means of reducing a large number of possible designs to a smaller set of acceptable designs. One criterion deals with a mechanism’s potential mobility. For mechanisms containing flexible members, the response to inputs, in general, is comprised of both rigid-body and elastic deflections of their members. This paper deals primarily with the development of a technique for the determination of mobility characteristics of compliant mechanisms, employing a mathematical model previously developed for compliant mechanisms.
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Calogero, Joseph, Mary Frecker, Zohaib Hasnain, and James E. Hubbard. "Optimization of a Forward-Swept Compliant Mechanism." In ASME 2017 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2017-3843.

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A coupled 3 degree-of-freedom contact-aided compliant mechanism called the Forward Swept Compliant Mechanism (FSCM) is designed optimized for coupling orthogonal translational motion. The purpose of this mechanism is to allow desirable wing morphing passively in an ornithopter wing structure to improve free flight pitch agility via sweeping the wing tip forward during downstroke. This new contact-aided compliant mechanism design, based on the coupled three degree of freedom Bend-Twist-and-Sweep Compliant Mechanism, was developed to couple motion in bending to forward sweep during downstroke to destabilize the downstroke, and thereby increasing pitch agility. This is made possible due to an axial rotation of the mechanism, positioning the angled compliant joint such that the axis of deformation is skewed from the lifting direction. A multi-objective optimization problem was formulated and solved using a multi-objective genetic algorithm. The objectives of this optimization were to maximize forward sweep while minimizing bending, twist, peak stress, and mass. During the optimization, 3084 designs were simulated throughout 37 generations. The complete data set from the optimization was used to understand the relationship between each design variable and each objective, as well as in a random forest of regression trees to determine each variable’s importance to each objective. Two designs were chosen and compared for performance tradeoffs, where additional shape change is achieved at the expense of higher peak stress. The first design achieved the desired 2 degrees of forward sweep, and the second design achieved 5 degrees of forward sweep at the expense of larger bending and a higher peak stress.
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Jones, Talmage H., Jimmy Ng, Ya-Hong Xie, and Jonathan B. Hopkins. "Design of a Graphene Nanoribbon Electrostatic Discharge Compliant Mechanism." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86069.

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This paper investigates the design of an electrostatic discharge protection device made of single-layer graphene nanoribbons. The device is meant to trigger electrostatic discharge at a target voltage of 1.5V. Other design requirements include the minimization of parasitic capacitance, electrical response time and mechanical response time. The device is designed to discharge static electricity by being pulled to ground through electrostatic forces, then making contact with ground before returning to its original position. Previous designs experienced repeatability issues due to a lack of securing the ribbon and mechanical failure due to high stresses at the boundary conditions. New designs are presented and optimized to maintain a high effective spring constant for the device while reducing stress during electrostatic pull-in. A single-degree of freedom model is used in conjunction with the Bernoulli-Euler beam equations and Castigliano’s method to guide the design process. Behavior of each design is validated, and repeatability is assessed using finite-element simulations. The new designs are to be fabricated using a low pressure chemical vapor deposition process.
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Khurana, Jivtesh, Bradley Hanks, and Mary Frecker. "Design for Additive Manufacturing of Cellular Compliant Mechanism Using Thermal History Feedback." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85819.

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With growing interest in metal additive manufacturing, one area of interest for design for additive manufacturing is the ability to understand how part geometry combined with the manufacturing process will affect part performance. In addition, many researchers are pursuing design for additive manufacturing with the goal of generating designs for stiff and lightweight applications as opposed to tailored compliance. A compliant mechanism has unique advantages over traditional mechanisms but previously, complex 3D compliant mechanisms have been limited by manufacturability. Recent advances in additive manufacturing enable fabrication of more complex and 3D metal compliant mechanisms, an area of research that is relatively unexplored. In this paper, a design for additive manufacturing workflow is proposed that incorporates feedback to a designer on both the structural performance and manufacturability. Specifically, a cellular contact-aided compliant mechanism for energy absorption is used as a test problem. Insights gained from finite element simulations of the energy absorbed as well as the thermal history from an AM build simulation are used to further refine the design. Using the proposed workflow, several trends on the performance and manufacturability of the test problem are determined and used to redesign the compliant unit cell. When compared to a preliminary unit cell design, a redesigned unit cell showed decreased energy absorption capacity of only 7.8% while decreasing thermal distortion by 20%. The workflow presented provides a systematic approach to inform a designer about methods to redesign an AM part.
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Olsen, Brian M., Larry L. Howell, and Spencer P. Magleby. "Compliant Mechanism Road Bicycle Brake: A Rigid-Body Replacement Case Study." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48621.

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This paper demonstrates rigid-body replacement synthesis in the design a mechanism with known design objectives. The design of high-performance bicycle brakes is complicated by a variety of competing design objectives, including increased performance and low weight. But this challenge also provides a good case study to demonstrate the design of compliant mechanisms to replace traditional rigid-link mechanisms. This paper briefly reviews current road brake designs, demonstrates the use of rigid-body replacement synthesis to design a compliant mechanism, and illustrates the combination of compliant mechanism design tools. The resulting concept was generated from the modified dual-pivot brake design and is a partially compliant mechanism where one pin has the dual role of a joint and a mounting pin. The pseudo-rigid-body model, finite element analysis, and optimization algorithms are used to generate design dimensions, and designs are considered for both titanium and E-glass flexures. The resulting design has the potential of reducing the part count and overall weight while maintaining a performance similar to the benchmark.
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Joo, Jinyong, Sridhar Kota, and Noboru Kikuchi. "Large Deformation Behavior of Compliant Mechanisms." In ASME 2001 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2001/dac-21084.

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Abstract This paper presents a non-linear formulation for size and shape optimization of compliant mechanisms using tapered beam elements. Designs based on linear and nonlinear formulations are compared using a stroke amplification mechanism example. Also, the scaling effect of the compliant mechanism is investigated.
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Chen, Guimin, Yanjie Gou, and Aimei Zhang. "Achieving Multistability Through Use of a Single Bistable Compliant Mechanism." In ASME 2010 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2010-28388.

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A compliant multistable mechanism is capable of steadily staying at multiple distinct positions without power input. Many applications including switches, valves, relays, positioners, and reconfigurable robots may benefit from multistability. In this paper, two new approaches for synthesizing compliant multistable mechanisms are proposed, which enable designers to achieve multistability through the use of a single bistable mechanism. The synthesis approaches are described and illustrated by several design examples. Compound use of both approaches is also discussed. The design potential of the synthesis approaches is demonstrated by the successful operation of several instantiations of designs that exhibit three, four, five, and nine stable equilibrium positions, respectively. The synthesis approaches enable us to design a compliant mechanism with a desired number of stable positions.
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Parkinson, Matthew B., Brian D. Jensen, and Gregory M. Roach. "Optimization-Based Design of a Fully-Compliant Bistable Micromechanism." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/mech-14119.

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Abstract Micro-bistable mechanisms are used in microswitches and microvalves to reduce power consumption as power is applied only to switch states. Many of the bistable mechanism designs that have been presented incorporate rigid-body joints. These joints introduce unwanted friction and poor repeatability into the mechanism motion. A fully-compliant mechanism avoids these problems. Optimization techniques were used to find fully-compliant bistable micromechanism designs. The chosen objective was to minimize the displacement required between the two stable positions. Two families of designs were considered: those where the actuator was integral to the device and those where it remained in contact only during actuation. Mechanism designs are presented and are currently in the process of fabrication.
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Reports on the topic "Compliant Mechanism Designs"

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Lehtimaki, Susanna, Kassim Nishtar, Aisling Reidy, Sara Darehshori, Andrew Painter, and Nina Schwalbe. Independent Review and Investigation Mechanisms to Prevent Future Pandemics: A Proposed Way Forward. United Nations University International Institute for Global Health, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/pb-f/2021/2.

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Based on the proposal by the European Council, more than 25 heads of state and the World Health Organization (WHO) support development of an international treaty on pandemics, that planned to be negotiated under the auspices of WHO, will be presented to the World Health Assembly in May 2021. Given that the treaty alone is not enough to ensure compliance, triggers for a high-level political response is required. To this end, to inform the design of a support system, we explored institutional mechanismsi with a mandate to review compliance with key international agreements in their signatory countries and conduct independent country investigations in a manner that manages sovereign considerations. Based on our review, there is no single global mechanism that could serve as a model in its own right. There is, however, potential to combine aspects of existing mechanisms to support a strong, enforceable treaty. These aspects include: • Periodic review - based on the model of human rights treaties, with independent experts as the authorized monitoring body to ensure the independence. If made obligatory, the review could support compliance with the treaty. • On-site investigations - based on the model by the Committee on Prevention of Torture according to which visits cannot be blocked by state parties. • Non-negotiable design principles - including accountability; independence; transparency and data sharing; speed; emphasis on capabilities; and incentives. • Technical support - WHO can provide countries with technical assistance, tools, monitoring, and assessment to enhance emergency preparedness and response.
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Mittelsteadt, Matthew. AI Verification: Mechanisms to Ensure AI Arms Control Compliance. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20190020.

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The rapid integration of artificial intelligence into military systems raises critical questions of ethics, design and safety. While many states and organizations have called for some form of “AI arms control,” few have discussed the technical details of verifying countries’ compliance with these regulations. This brief offers a starting point, defining the goals of “AI verification” and proposing several mechanisms to support arms inspections and continuous verification.
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Lehtimaki, Susanna, Aisling Reidy, Kassim Nishtar, Sara Darehschori, Andrew Painter, and Nina Schwalbe. Independent Review and Investigation Mechanisms to Prevent Future Pandemics: A Proposed Way Forward. United Nations University International Institute for Global Health, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/rr/2021/1.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has created enormous challenges for national economies, livelihoods, and public services, including health systems. In January 2021, the World Health Organization proposed an international treaty on pandemics to strengthen the political commitment towards global pandemic preparedness, control, and response. The plan is to present a draft treaty to the World Health Assembly in May 2021. To inform the design of a support system for this treaty, we explored existing mechanisms for periodic reviews conducted either by peers or an external group as well as mechanisms for in-country investigations, conducted with or without country consent. Based on our review, we summarized key design principles requisite for review and investigation mechanisms and explain how these could be applied to pandemics preparedness, control, and response in global health. While there is no single global mechanism that could serve as a model in its own right, there is potential to combine aspects of existing mechanisms. A Universal Periodic Review design based on the model of human rights treaties with independent experts as the authorized monitoring body, if made obligatory, could support compliance with a new pandemic treaty. In terms of on-site investigations, the model by the Committee on Prevention of Torture could lend itself to treaty monitoring and outbreak investigations on short notice or unannounced. These mechanisms need to be put in place in accordance with several core interlinked design principles: compliance; accountability; independence; transparency and data sharing; speed; emphasis on capabilities; and incentives. The World Health Organization can incentivize and complement these efforts. It has an essential role in providing countries with technical support and tools to strengthen emergency preparedness and response capacities, including technical support for creating surveillance structures, integrating non-traditional data sources, creating data governance and data sharing standards, and conducting regular monitoring and assessment of preparedness and response capacities.
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Hanbali, Layth, Elliot Hannon, Susanna Lehtimaki, Christine McNab, and Nina Schwalbe. Independent Monitoring Mechanism for the Pandemic Accord: Accountability for a safer world. United Nations University International Institute of Global Health, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/rr/2022/1.

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To address the challenges in pandemic preparedness and response (PPR), the World Health Assembly (WHA), at a special session in November 2021, established an Intergovernmental Negotiating Body (the INB) and tasked it with drafting a new legal instrument for PPR. During its second meeting in July 2022, the INB decided to develop the accord under Article 19 of the WHO Constitution, which grants the WHO the authority to negotiate a legally-binding Convention or Agreement and requires ratification by countries according to their local laws to enter into force. The aim is to complete negotiations and adopt a new pandemic instrument at the WHA in May 2024. The new legally binding agreement aims to address many of the failures exposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the adoption of such an agreement is not the end of the process but the beginning. The negotiations on the instrument must establish a mechanism to monitor countries' compliance with the accord, particularly on the legally-binding elements. In this paper, we recommend creating such a mechanism as part of the accord: an independent committee of experts that monitors state parties' compliance with the pandemic accord and the timeliness, completeness, and robustness of states’ reports on their obligations. Its primary purpose would be to verify state self-reports by triangulating them with a range of publicly available information, making direct inquiries, and accepting confidential submissions. It would report its findings to a body consisting of or that is directly accountable to heads of state, with a particular focus on elevating instances of non-compliance or inadequate reporting. Its reports would also be available to the public. The proposed design builds on the analysis of strengths and weaknesses of existing monitoring approaches to 11 international treaties and mechanisms within and outside of health, a review of the literature, and interviews and input from more than 40 experts from around the world.
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Ardanaz, Martín, Eduardo A. Cavallo, and Alejandro Izquierdo. Research Insights: How Can Policymakers Make Fiscal Rules More Effective? Inter-American Development Bank, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004807.

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Despite the relative popularity of fiscal rules, they are per se, no panacea for improving fiscal performance. Fiscal rule effectiveness is enhanced when policymakers consider i) the quality of rule design; ii) supporting mechanisms to boost compliance and provide a forward-looking orientation to fiscal policy; iii) the impact of rules on different dimensions of public finances, such as the composition of public spending; and iv) clear, ex-ante guidance for the return to fiscal rule compliance after invoking an escape clause. There is ample space to improve rule-based fiscal frameworks in emerging markets.
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Ardanaz, Martín, Eduardo A. Cavallo, and Alejandro Izquierdo. Fiscal Rules: Challenges and Reform Opportunities for Emerging Markets. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004671.

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Fiscal rules have gained popularity as tools to strengthen debt sustainability by constraining policy discretion. However, their track record in the case of emerging markets is mixed, as setting up a fiscal rule has been no guarantee of debt stabilization. International experience and empirical evidence regarding the working of fiscal rules suggest that paying attention to the quality of rule design, the mechanisms behind better compliance, forward guidance on return to the rule, and the impacts on different dimensions of public finances (particularly spending composition) is key to enhancing fiscal rule performance. In addition, fiscal rules should be complemented with credible medium-term fiscal frameworks and independent fiscal councils that together set relevant policy anchors to support effectively the goal of safeguarding fiscal sustainability.
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Lavadenz, Magaly, and Gisela O’Brien. District Administrators' Perspectives on the Impact of The Local Control Funding Formula on English Learners. Loyola Marymount University, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.policy.6.

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Two years into implementation, this policy brief examines how California’s Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF) and its accompanying Local Control Accountability Plan (LCAP) meet the needs of English Learners (ELs). Researchers seek to understand district administrator perspectives on the impact of LCFF for ELs through interviews and focus groups with administrators that represent districts from Northern, Central, and Southern California. Findings reveal that although the LCAP serves as a mechanism to increase personnel and PD efforts to address EL needs, it is still largely viewed as a compliance document that requires alignment with other strategic documents and is sensitive to changes in leadership. The following policy recommendations are made as a result of these findings: 1) re-design the LCAP to support districts in specifying EL learning goals, services, assessments and expected outcomes; 2) differentiate support for district administrators; and 3) invest (long-term) in district-level and site-level professional development with a focus on EL success.
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Accountability Mechanism Communication Strategy. Asian Development Bank, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim230149-2.

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The Accountability Mechanism of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) has been largely perceived as an investigative body working in isolation and only connecting with internal and external stakeholders during problem-solving and compliance reviews. This communication strategy aims to strengthen awareness of the mechanism as a resource for enhancing ADB’s development effectiveness through improved project design and implementation. It builds on the mechanism’s knowledge management strategy and focuses on steps to better leverage the Accountability Mechanism as a strategic and tactical knowledge partner. It recommends communications that emphasize personalized interactions.
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