Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Complexité communication'
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Tapp, Alain. "Informatique quantique, algorithmes et complexité de la communication." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0018/NQ51978.pdf.
Full textKaplan, Marc. "Méthodes Combinatoires et Algébriques en Complexité de la Communication." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00439929.
Full textGoujon, Philippe. "Les voies de l'information : de la communication à la complexité." Dijon, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993DIJOL008.
Full textInformation under its various shapes, communication, and their related notions, have now become the key-concepts of our representation of the world and of ourselves. However, more than a mere scientific concept, the notion of communication, born in the bosom of what was called cybernetics, has gradually been instituted a value identified to modernity and the free movement of scheme which highlights transparency, rationality and the free movement of information. The purpose of this research is to make an analysis of the ways in which information and communication have now become the keystones of a new representation of the world, and the values of a society in a state of crisis. It is to deal with the consequences and limits of this scientific, anthropological and social shift, begin to be detected nowadays. In its conclusion, this middle of this century, begin to be detected nowadays. In its conclusion, this research tries to find, through the problem of complexity, how the limits of the communicational and informational frame of interpretation could be overstepped, and emphasizes the necessity of going beyond technicised man, and the vital renewal of the subject
Gavoille, Cyril. "Complexité mémoire du routage dans les réseaux distribués." Lyon, École normale supérieure (sciences), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ENSL0015.
Full textDarties, Benoît. "Problèmes algorithmiques et de complexité dans les réseaux sans fil." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20204.
Full textThe last couple of years have seen the advent of wireless networks, doped by their ease of deployment and their use in multiple fields: personal WiFi networks, mobile telephony, ad hoc networks, sensors networks,. . . The subject of this thesis relates to the study of algorithmic problems directly inspired by operating constraints which can be found in such networks. This manuscrit is divided into three parts. The first part of our work is devoted to the study of the problem of broadcasting a single source node message to all the other nodes of a network. This problem is tackled in various communication models. All the considered model suppose range-fixed omnidirectional transmissions subject to interference phenomena. It results from that, that any given node is unable to retrieve simultaneously two incoming transmissions. We study the complexity of this problem and propose some strategies in order to solve it. In a second part, We study another algorithmic problem in the same communication model, whose object is to satisfy a given set of communication requests. Our work consists in etablishing the complexity of this problem, and studying the impact of various factors on this complexity. The last part considers the problem of designing survivable radio networks. The objective is to ensure a distribution of bandwidth from source nodes to customers nodes, by minimizing the cost of the deployed infrastructure. Communications are made via directional antennas, and are not subjects to interferences. The difficulty of the problem lies in the satisfaction of deployment constraints (limited number of antennas per node, robustness against failures of nodes,. . . ). We study the complexity of this problem, and propose exact and approximated resolution methods to solve reasonable size instances
Roume, Clément. "La complexité du mouvement humain : aspects théoriques et pratiques de l’évaluation et de l’interaction des complexités au service de la réhabilitation." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONT4003.
Full textJust look at our top athletes, their ability to adapt in record-breaking times during sudden changes in tactical phases, or the near-perfect coordination of Olympic-level synchronized swimmers to understand that human movement cannot be reduced to any model of excessive simplicity. Here we propose an application of the complexity sciences, and more particularly of fractal analysis methods aimed at giving a global picture of the complexity of human movement. In a first step, from the theoretical aspects, until their practical application, we show that the finest evaluation of the fractal exponents requires the combined use of a very specific fractal analysis and physiological task. Then, in a second step, we are interested in the coordination of two complex systems. Starting from several theoretical frameworks existing in the field of human movement sciences, we propose new methods to analyze this synchronization. Finally, all the works that we present are attached to rehabilitation goals and we show that despite a typical alteration of complexity with aging there are simple and effective ways to restore this complexity
Gallot, Sidonie. "L'effet établissement : une émergence complexe des systèmes de communication : une approche communicationnelle des phénomènes humains de communication pour les établissements publics locaux d'enseignement." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30060.
Full textIn France, since the decentralization and orientation acts of 1983 and 1989, secondary schools are defined as almost autonomous organizational entities and they develop specific behaviours on local scales. The fact that schools are not of equal merit is acknowledged and the obvious differences between them keep on making researchers wonder about them. In spite of the abundance of studies led to understand schools and their « productions », the communicational and human dimension seems to be neglected whereas, in our opinion, in this social organization that is nothing but a « human structure for human beings », it looks essential. This doctoral thesis is about inter-human communication on the school ground. It puts forward to delve into the core of schools to understand the complicated phenomena of communication in real-life situations through the interactions of its organized forces and the communicational construction of these organizations. We will examine these phenomena through the presentation and the study of five secondary and high schools with various idiosyncrasies and results in a constructivist, complex and systemic approach. It is about understanding how this human and relational side can influence what these organizations are, do and generate. Our study will lead us to show that all the communicational systems look alike in many ways, and that assessment will make us propose a pattern of the systems of communication and understand those systems and their effects according to what they consist of and how they perform. This theoretical model will allow us to contemplate some pragmatic angles of intervention to try to improve the systems of communication in schools as well as their effects
Rousset-Belin, Olivia. "Intelligence collective et complexité : L’appropriation d’une technologie d’intelligence collective : Approches systémiques et affordancielles." Montpellier 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON30023.
Full textHow may we understand the appropriation of the collective intelligence technologies ? We easily believe, about intranets, that sharing and communicating will be quickly adopted and shared practises of enthusiastic users. For who places the orders and who develops these technologies, the collective appropriation poses initially no question. Nevertheless, strong resistances are noticed among the addressees… They give as a pretext they are disfavoured. They argue their practises, their aims and goals, their strategies are not considered. In a word, their situation and how they define it are a far cry from what planned. Uses don’t rise. In our comprehensive research, we will analyse the process of a collective appropriation thanks to three qualitative approaches. One is a systemic approach by modelling the relationship between the actors. The second is an affordancial approach by modelling the actors’ situation. The third is an affordancial approach by modelling the actors website’s consultation. Our research will be enhanced by a case : a community of researchers in nuclear toxicology, Clairatome. Our analyses are aimed to understand the global sense of the website in the situation, its meaning for the researchers of the community, and the adequate uses for part of the actors. The collective appropriation is a long process of redefining the situation that leads to integrated and shared uses. How then can we coach the involvement of each actors ?
Kibangou, Alain Y. "Modèles de volterra à complexité réduite : estimation paramétrique et application à l'égalisation des canaux de communication." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00190985.
Full textDebray, Eva. "L’ordre social spontané : étude des phénomènes d’auto-organisation dans le champ social." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100019/document.
Full textThe starting point of this investigation in social theory is the observation of strong affinities that very different and somehow rival theories have with each other. These theories investigate the problem of social order, namely « how is it possible for human beings to live with each other in a relative peaceful situation? ». Furthermore, they all maintain that this order cannot emerge but unintentionally. The present research aims at setting the terms of a debate among these approaches and focuses in this respect on the theories of Baruch Spinoza, Blaise Pascal, Adam Smith, Émile Durkheim, Friedrich August von Hayek and Niklas Luhmann. Their respective approaches to self-organizing mechanisms rest on correspondingly various theoretical assumptions. Our purpose is to point out these assumptions. For instance, Hayek and Luhmann’s theories on the one hand and those of Spinoza, Pascal, Smith and Durkheim on the other strongly differ regarding their conception of the conditions of social order: while the former, on account of the specificities of modern societies, assume that their social order cannot essentially rest on a social control, the latter argue that passions, by misleading human beings, make this social control an essential condition of peaceful living together
Nicolas, Aurélie. "Enjeux de l'édition scientifique en province : complexité du système toulousain." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU30354.
Full textThis research questions the issues of scientific publishing in the field of a university town: Toulouse, from 1839 to today. In a multisystemic approach, favoring entry through scientific mediation, publishing is seen as a complex object. A documentary corpus is built from the archives of the publishing house Privat, and research findings of historians and sociologists. The position of the publisher relative to scientific networks under construction in the nineteenth century and its influence on the production of knowledge are surveyed. Developments in each part of the system (scientific institution, scientific communication, making books and scientific publishing) are then observed. Finally, the catalogs of nineteen toulousans publishers are explored. Our research aims to understand the advent of scientific publishing, its consolidation and its evolution under the influence of the opportunities and constraints of a particular context. If an acting of positioning consolidation between research facilities and the publisher seems to have drawn each other in the late nineteenth century, a gap is emerging today, between the demands of scientific research (its modes of evaluation, the internationalization of trade) and the mode of production of the toulousans publishers (self-publishing, inversion of the relations of overlap between the science system and the editorial system, the method for valuing collections that no longer meets the requirements set of visibility of regional knowledge production in a internationalized context). The central function of mediation of knowledge seems then to be re-examined
Konrad, Christian. "Computations on Massive Data Sets : Streaming Algorithms and Two-party Communication." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859643.
Full textSalah, Abdellatif. "Schémas de décodage MIMO à Complexité Réduite." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00682392.
Full textSalah, Abdellatif. "Schémas de décodage MIMO à complexité réduite." Phd thesis, Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00682392.
Full textThe use of MIMO antennas is a technique that allows to exploit in a very effective way the spatial and temporal diversity in certain systems of communication, of which the wireless communication systems. The main advantage of this technique is a good spectral efficiency. Nowadays, the mobile radio channel is increasingly used to transmit all type of information and methods allowing a more effective use of the spectrum have a fundamental importance. Today, the well-known reception algorithms are very complex, even as regards the MIMO systems with the simplest space-time codes. This complexity remains one of the main obstacles in the real exploitation of this technique. This thesis presents a detailed study of the complexity, the performance and the most interesting aspects of the behavior of the reception algorithms for MIMO decoding. This study presents a quick mean for a possible architectural conception adapted to this problem. Among the subjects presented in this thesis, an in-depth study of the performance and the complexity of these algorithms was realized, having for objective to acquire enough knowledge to be able to choose, among the large number of known algorithms, the best adapted to every particular system. Improvements in the known algorithms were also proposed and analyzed
Darties, Benoit. "Problèmes algorithmiques et de complexité dans les réseaux sans fil." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00270118.
Full textLa première partie de nos travaux s'intéresse à l'étude du problème de la diffusion d'un message émis depuis un noeud source unique vers l'ensemble des noeuds participant au réseau. Ce problème est abordé dans plusieurs modèles de communication, qui supposent tous des émissions omnidirectionnelles à portée fixée et l'existence de phénomènes d'interférences. Il en résulte l'incapacité pour un noeud donné de garantir la réception correcte de deux transmissions voisines simultanées. Nous étudions la complexité de ce problème et proposons des stratégies de résolution exactes ou avec garantie de performance.
Dans une seconde partie, l'un des modèles de communication précédemment introduits sert de support à l'étude d'un autre problème algorithmique, dont l'objet est la satisfaction de requêtes de communications. Les travaux menés sur ce problème visent à établir sa complexité ainsi que les facteurs dont elle dépend.
La dernière partie nous amène au problème de conception de réseaux sans fil. L'objectif est d'assurer une distribution de flux depuis des noeuds sources vers des noeuds clients, en minimisant le coût de l'infrastructure déployée. Les communications établies ici à l'aide d'antennes directionnelles ne sont pas sujettes aux phénomènes d'interférences. La difficulté du problème réside dans la satisfaction de contraintes de déploiement (nombre d'antennes limitées par noeud, résistance aux pannes, ...). Nous étudions la complexité de ce problème, et proposons plusieurs méthodes de résolution exactes et approchées pour des instances de taille raisonnable.
Singh, Arun Kumar. "Le compromis Débit-Fiabilité-Complexité dans les systèmes MMO multi-utilisateurs et coopératifs avec décodeurs ML et Lattice." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ENST0005/document.
Full textIn telecommunications, rate-reliability and encoding-decoding computational complexity (floating point operations - flops), are widely considered to be limiting and interrelated bottlenecks. For this reason, any attempt to significantly reduce complexity may be at the expense of a substantial degradation in error-performance. Establishing this intertwined relationship constitutes an important research topic of substantial practical interest. This dissertation deals with the question of establishing fundamental rate, reliability and complexity limits in general outage-limited multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications, and its related point-to-point, multiuser, cooperative, two-directional, and feedback-aided scenarios. We explore a large subset of the family of linear lattice encoding methods, and we consider the two main families of decoders; maximum likelihood (ML) based and lattice-based decoding. Algorithmic analysis focuses on the efficient bounded-search implementations of these decoders, including a large family of sphere decoders. Specifically, the presented work provides high signal-to-noise (SNR) analysis of the minimum computational reserves (flops or chip size) that allow for a) a certain performance with respect to the diversity-multiplexing gain tradeoff (DMT) and for b) a vanishing gap to the uninterrupted (optimal) ML decoder or a vanishing gap to the exact implementation of (regularized) lattice decoding. The derived complexity exponent describes the asymptotic rate of exponential increase of complexity, exponential in the number of codeword bits
Scherb, André. "La fable et le protocole : une dialectique fondatrice de processus de création dans la peinture contemporaine." Paris 8, 2009. http://octaviana.fr/document/152359737#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textOur study of the creation process in a selection of contemporary paintings has enabled us to distinguish two forms of thought: a fable and a protocol, where a fable is the emergence of the sense and a protocol, the creation of the work. We tried to highlight their presence during the invention of a painting, and gradually discovered that they spring from a non-verbal source. Our research leans on a personal pictorial practice, on the study of the work of artists, on theoretical papers and on interviews with six contemporary artists: Jean-François Maurige, Shirley Jaffe, Dominique Gauthier, Christian Bonnefoi, Béatrice Bescond and Janladrou. Given that there is a difference between what we make and what we think of making, we have been able to identify the presence of a deep pre-reflective thought ahead of any verbal expression. Thanks to neurosciences, to the complex thought theories (Edgar Morin, Miguel Benasayag), and to cognitive sciences research (Francisco Varela, Claire Petitmengin, Pierre Vermersch), we supposed that the impossibility to reach the totality of our cognitive activity incites us to constantly try to approach the inexpressible by producing a fable, which is then formulated verbally or plastically. The study shows the importance of a thought in action which presents a multitude of immediate micro-decisions during the making of a painting in the absence of internal debate, even if this specific shape of thought seems to be excluded from certain contemporary artistic practices because of a discharge of subjectivity and the exclusion of the body. The finished work reveals a concretized fable and protocol which are plastically expressed and allow the formulation process of the artist to be seen and felt. We assumed that it is this particular process which is captured by the observer and enables his own creative reformulation. The painting should therefore be considered – beyond the deliberate and abstract thought and beyond the object in its strict materiality – as a transformation process of the thought, which offers a temporary capture of the unthinkable
Kzaz, Larbi. "Étude et définition de topologies nouvelles de communication à hautes performances dans un système multiprocesseur." Lille 1, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985LIL10132.
Full textIsmail, Amr. "Low Complexity Space-Time coding for MIMO systems." Phd thesis, Supélec, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771982.
Full textSimonin, Gilles. "Impact de la contrainte d'incompatibilité sur la complexité et l'approximation des problèmes d'ordonnancement en présence de tâches-couplées." Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20198.
Full textThe last couple of years have seen the advent of sub-marine machines like the sub-marine torpedo. This torpedo must execute two kind of tasks : acquisition tasks and treatment tasks. The acquisition tasks are equivalent to coupled-tasks, and treatment tasks are equivalent to classical tasks with preemption constraints. The torpedo possess different captors in order to realize the acquisitions, few captors cannot be use in same time because of the interferences. In this way, we introduce a compatibility graph in order to represent the acquisition tasks which can be executed in the same time. The torpedo possess a mono-processor used to execute the different tasks. In the first part, we introduce the model of the problem, and define the different tasks and their constraints. We discuss on the impact of the compatibility constraint on the general problem. Finally, we finish this part with a related works on general scheduling theory, on coupled-tasks, and on the different cover problems in the graph theory. In a second part, we give the classification of the different problems according to the parameters of the coupled-tasks. We give several proves of complexity for specific problem which are at the limit between polynomiality and completeness. For each studied problem, we propose either a optimal solution with an algorithm in polynomial time, or an approximation algorithm with guarantee of performance. For few problems, we study the complexity in details according to specific parameters or different topologies for the compatibility graph. All the long of this part, we try to show the impact of the introduction of the compatibility constraint on the scheduling problem with coupled-tasks
Kellenberger-Davidian, Maya. "La quotidienneté suisse contemporaine dans sa complexité : hypostase littéraire de l'oeuvre de Peter Bichsel : thèse." Nice, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002NICE2013.
Full textMichel, Julienne. "Etude de la complexité des services de télécommunications convergents et recommandations pour la conception de ces services." Paris 8, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA083538.
Full textThe convergent telecommunication services are expanding significantly since the 2000’s on the mass market. The user is confronted with new, increasingly sophisticated, services. In this study, we defend the hypothesis that it is possible to have a complex convergent telecommunication service with a simple usability. That is what we call the simplexity. The first part is dedicated to the theoretical study of the convergent telecommunication services and their complexity. We have established two main characteristics of these services: they are developed on several types of devices (Computers, Mobilephones, Televisions, etc. ) and they merged more and more features previously separated (Email, SMS, Phone call, File sharing, etc. ). We studied the impact of their complexity on the difficulty and the complication of their usage. We have extracted from literature the potential sources of this complexity. In particular, two characteristics have been kept to study the simplexity of these services: mental models and homogeneity. The second part of this thesis presents three experiments that we created in order to test the validity of our hypothesis. The first experiment studies the user’s mental models. We want to determine which of them would be the most suitable to maintain complexity and a simple usage. The goal of the second experiment is to determine the degree of homogeneity needed to obtain a complex service with a simple usage. The last is an exploratory experiment in this field
Khainnar, Smail. "La place de la communication dans les démarches de projet urbain : logiques d'acteurs et complexité urbaine : le cas du Projet Urbain du Quartier de l'Amphithéâtre à Metz PQAM." Valenciennes, 2007. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/66652777-21a6-41a6-b8d0-473f44ded32c.
Full textThis research focuses on the role of communication between urban project actors. In fact, due to the impossibility of having a normative model for the project urban process, we have set up recurring items common to all urban projects: Imagine, Design + Adjust and Living + Manage. Three actor’s logics are matched respectively with these three-recurring items: a representational logic, an informational logic and an accompanying communicational logic. Through this mapping, we have proposed a set of tools (Registers), which take into account a multiple dimensions, related to the time, context, organizational continuity. . . , and serve to improve urban quality in various interventions on the city. The contents of these Registers were transposed to a real urban fact: the Quartier de l’Amphithéâtre Project in Metz. The results of this implementation have shown that project’s actors in Metz have taken into account a portion of our Registers, while others are completely untraceable
Karoui, Anis. "E-Learning : étudier le rôle du système de communication pour comprendre les dispositifs d'enseignement à distance." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5900/document.
Full textElearning has been chosen as a field study on Information and Communication Sciences (ICS). The problem takes a multidisciplinary approach: anchored on Information and Communication Sciences, it integrates, in a systemic form, heuristic contributions of educational sciences, epistemology, cognitive sciences and humanities. It questions the relevance of the communication system within distance systems of education and training.Integrating numerical technologies of information and communication in learning environments open up new horizons for education by developing distance education to overcome space and time constraints often imposed by the traditional education system. We propose to study these devices with an emphasis on the relevance and the importance of communication on their performance and success. As we see, through an empirical study on a distance education center, that it is not enough to register learners on a platform dedicated to teaching and transmitting knowledges to make them cling to their training, achieve their goals and get skills
Klaimi, Rami. "Etude de turbocodes non binaires pour les futurs systèmes de communication et de diffusion." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IMTA0141.
Full textNowadays communication standards have adopted different binary forward error correction codes. Turbo codes were adopted for the long term evolution standard, while binary LDPC codes were standardized for the fifth generation of mobile communication (5G) along side with the polar codes. Meanwhile, the focus of the communication community is shifted towards the requirement of beyond 5G standards. Networks for the year 2030 and beyond are expected to support novel forward-looking scenarios, such as holographic communications, autonomous vehicles, massive machine-type communications, tactile Internet… To respond to the expected requirements of new communication systems, non-binary LDPC codes were defined, and they are shown to achieve better error correcting performance than the binary LDPC codes. This performance gain was followed by a high decoding complexity, depending on the field order.Similar studies emerged in the context of turbo codes, where the non-binary turbo codes were defined, and have shown promising error correcting performance, while imposing high complexity. The aim of this thesis is to propose a new low-complex structure of non-binary turbocodes. The constituent blocks of this structure were optimized in this work, and a new low complexity decoding algorithm was proposed targeting a future hardware implementation. The obtained results are promising, where the proposed codes are shown to outperform existing binary and non-binary codes from the literature
Meunier, Pierre-etienne. "Les automates cellulaires en tant que modèle de complexités parallèles." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770175.
Full textSunny, Anupa. "Complexity measures through the lens of two-player games and signatures of the hypercube." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris Cité, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UNIP7070.
Full textComplexity measures of Boolean functions capture various aspects of the hardness of computing a function and their study is about finding connections between different complexity measures. In the first part of this thesis, we introduce and study Certificate Game complexity, a measure of complexity based on the probability of winning a game in which two players are given inputs with different function values and are asked to output some index i where their inputs differ, in a zero-communication setting. We give upper and lower bounds for private coin, public coin, shared entanglement and non-signaling strategies, and give some separations. We show that complexity in the public coin model is bounded above by Randomised query and Certificate complexities. On the other hand, it is bounded below by fractional certificate complexity, making it a good candidate to prove strong lower bounds on randomised query complexity. Complexity in the private coin model is bounded below by zero-error randomised query complexity. The quantum measure highlights an interesting and surprising difference between classical and quantum query models. While public coin certificate game complexity is bounded above by randomised query complexity, quantum certificate game complexity can be quadratically larger than quantum query complexity. We use non-signaling, a notion from quantum information, to give a lower bound of n on the quantum certificate game complexity of the OR function, whose quantum query complexity is Θ(√n) and then go on to show that this "non-signaling bottleneck" applies to all functions with high sensitivity, block sensitivity or fractional block sensitivity. We also consider the single-bit version of certificate games, where the inputs of the two players are restricted to having Hamming distance 1. We prove that the single-bit version of certificate game complexity with shared randomness is equal to sensitivity up to constant factors, thus giving a new characterization of sensitivity. On the other hand, the single-bit version of certificate game complexity with private randomness is equal to λ2, where λ is the spectral sensitivity. In the second part of this thesis, we revisit the celebrated proof of the sensitivity conjecture by Hao Huang. Using spectral techniques, Huang proved that every subgraph of the hypercube Hn of dimension n induced on more than half the vertices has maximum degree at least √n. Combined with earlier work, this completed a proof of the sensitivity conjecture. We show an alternate proof of Huang's result using only linear dependency of vectors associated with the vertices of the hypercube. Our approach helps gain insight on more structural properties of the induced subgraph in addition to the largest degree. In particular, we prove that in any induced subgraph of Hn with more than half the number of vertices, there are two vertices, one of odd parity and the other of even parity, each with at least n vertices at distance at most 2. As an application, we show that for any Boolean function f, the polynomial degree is bounded above by the product of 0-sensitivity and 1-sensitivity, s0(f)s1(f), a strictly stronger statement which implies Huang's theorem. We also obtain structural relations for induced subgraphs at distance 3. A key implement in Huang's proof was signed hypercubes with the property that every cycle of length 4 is assigned a negative sign. We take a detailed look at this signature and give a nearly optimal signature that uses the minimum number of negative edges while ensuring that every 4-cycle is negative. This problem turns out to be related to one of Erdös' problems on the largest 4-cycle free subgraph of the hypercube
Ouertani, Rym. "Algorithmes de décodage pour les systèmes multi-antennes à complexité réduite." Phd thesis, Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2009. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00718214.
Full textMIMO systems offer large capacity. Several decoders of such systems exist in the literature. Unfortunately, their complexity increases drastically with the lattice dimension and the constellation size. Then, we propose a sequential algorithm (SB-Stack) based on the stack decoder search strategy and the sphere decoder search region. The proposed decoder outperforms the existing ones in term of complexity while achieving ML performance. Furthermore, introducing a bias parameter, the SB-Stack gives a range of performances from ML to ZF-DFE with proportional complexities. So, different performance/complexity trade-offs could be obtained. When channel coding is used, soft decoding becomes necessary. The SB-Stack is then extended to support soft-output detection. A straightforward idea was to exploit the nodes stored in the stack at the end of hard decoding process to calculate LLR. The gain of such method is rather large then classical soft decoders. The big variation of the complexity between low and high SNR is an additional problem because of the variable decoding time. We propose an adaptive decoder based on the SB-Stack that switches between several decoders according to the channel realization and the system specifications. This decoder has an almost constant complexity while keeping good performance. Lattice reduction is used to accelerate the decoding of infinite lattice. Using the MMSE-GDFE, it becomes possible to apply lattice reduction when finite constellations are considered. Therefore, interesting results are obtained when considering MIMO schemes combining the lattice reduction, the MMSE-GDFE process and the sequential decoders given previously
Ouertani, Rym. "Algorithmes de décodage pour les systèmes multi-antennes à complexité réduite." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00718214.
Full textLacayo, Virginia. "Communicating Complexity: A Complexity Science Approach to Communication for Social Change." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1367522049.
Full textMermet, Eric. "Aide à l'exploration des propriétés structurelles d'un réseau de transport : conception d'un modèle pour l'analyse, la visualisation et l'exploration d'un réseau de transport." Thesis, Paris Est, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PEST1037.
Full textA transportation network is a complex spatial system characterized by four dimension types : geometric, topological, metric and relational. Thanks to these dimensions, it is possible to perform analysis situated in between the descriptive analysis of components from databases and functional analysis based on anthropogenic parameters. This analysis called structural helps to emphasize some properties of the network without usage context. It is established on the construction and analysis of indicators based on the relationship generated by the network: the relational indicators. They highlight their relational possibilities ; ie how their structure and spatial organization and topology of their components predispose to connect places in space in more or less easy way. Our work consists of designing a model for analysis and exploration of the structural properties of a transportation network. This type of analysis leads to a combinatorial complexity related to the number of relationships within the network, algorithmic complexity related to the calculation of indicators and visual complexity related to the difficulty to emphasize information. The proposed model aims to supply the user with the exploratory analysis of structural properties of the network by creating exploratory maps. Our model is composed of two parts. The first one allows to prepare static maps of exploration. The second one enables the visual combination of maps based on a graphic language. Both aspects of the model were developed in a prototype software called GeoGraphLab
Piccardo, Enrica. "Créativité et technologies de l'information et de la communication dans l'enseignement/apprentissage des langues étrangères." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1446.
Full textMoataz, Fatima Zahra. "Vers des réseaux optiques efficaces et tolérants aux pannes : complexité et algorithmes." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE4077/document.
Full textWe study in this thesis optimization problems with application in optical networks. The problems we consider are related to fault-tolerance and efficient resource allocation and the results we obtain are mainly related to the computational complexity of these problems. The first part of this thesis is devoted to finding paths and disjoint paths. Finding a path is crucial in all types of networks in order to set up connections and finding disjoint paths is a common approach used to provide some degree of protection against failures in networks. We study these problems under different settings. We first focus on finding paths and node or link-disjoint paths in networks with asymmetric nodes, which are nodes with restrictions on their internal connectivity. Afterwards, we consider networks with star Shared Risk Link Groups (SRLGs) which are groups of links that might fail simultaneously due to a localized event. In these networks, we investigate the problem of finding SRLG-disjoint paths. The second part of this thesis focuses on the problem of Routing and Spectrum Assignment (RSA) in Elastic Optical Networks (EONs). EONs are proposed as the new generation of optical networks and they aim at an efficient and flexible use of the optical resources. RSA is the key problem in EONs and it deals with allocating resources to requests under multiple constraints. We first study the static version of RSA in tree networks. Afterwards, we examine a dynamic version of RSA in which a non-disruptive spectrum defragmentation technique is used. Finally, we present in the appendix another problem that has been studied during this thesis
Trompette, Justine. "Complexité des interventions en santé publique et en promotion de la santé : exploration de son appréhension par les chercheurs et par les acteurs de terrain." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0335/document.
Full textContext – Public health interventions and especially health promotion interventions are considered « complex ». Their evaluation represents a challenge for researchers, which aims to communicate a proven effectiveness intervention with strong contextual influence on the effectiveness of these interventions.This issue of complexity raises several conceptual as well as operational questions: how do researchers and actors understand these notions in order to develop, implement, « routine », or transfer an intervention? What are the evaluation methods and tools that would make it possible to better understand the complexity of these interventions? Objectives – The general objective of this doctoral research is to explore the apprehension and use of complexity by researchers and stakeholders in public health and more particularly in health promotion. More commonly, it aimed to: describe and analyze the dimensions of the complexity identified by researchers and stakeholders, particularly the components of interventions and their contexts; describe and analyze how researchers and stakeholders appropriate the concepts of complexity and take into account the complexity of interventions in the development, implementation, evaluation and transfer of interventions. Methods – To meet these objectives we proceeded in two stages. The first stage consisted of a mixed review of the literature and aimed particularly at identifying the apprehension of the complexity made by the researchers of the influence of thisone on their methodological choices. The second stage was realised from a case study: to propose a fine description of the complexity of the field both by the actors and the researcher trained to the complexity; to identify the way in which the actors took into account the complexity in their practice. Results – The crossed results of the review of the literature and the study of two major dimensions: the characteristics of the stakeholders and the context. If the notion of complexity is relevant in research, our work highlight that it’s still hard to justify and describe. Researcher responsiveness has been influenced by methodological adaptations in the development and / or evaluation of their interventions, including the implementation of the recommendations of the Medical Research Council. Consideration of the complexity by the actors meets in the adaptations which are imposed on a daily basis. Discussion – This doctoral study raises three points of discussion and perspectives: the definition of the complexity and its evolutions which intervene with regard to highlighting the importance of dynamic interventions; the reporting of interventions as a lever for improving the development and evaluation of interventions; the added value of shared spaces between actors and researchers in the production of evidence
Ada, Anil. "Communication complexity." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121119.
Full textLa complexité de communication étudie combien de bits un groupe de joueurs donné doivent échanger entre eux pour calculer une function dont l'input est distribué parmi les joueurs. Bien que ce soit un domaine de recherche naturel basé sur des considérations pratiques, la motivation principale vient des nombreuses applications théoriques.Cette thèse comporte trois parties principales, étudiant trois aspects de la complexité de communication.1. La première partie discute le modèle 'number on the forehead' (NOF) dans la complexité de communication à plusieurs joueurs. Il s'agit d'un modèle fondamental en complexité de communication, avec des applications à la complexité des circuits, la complexité des preuves, les programmes de branchement et la théorie de Ramsey. Dans ce modèle, nous étudions les fonctions composeés f de g. Ces fonctions comprennent la plupart des fonctions bien connues qui sont étudiées dans la littérature de la complexité de communication. Un objectif majeur est de comprendre quelles combinaisons de f et g produisent des compositions qui sont difficiles du point de vue de la communication. En particulier, à cause de l'importance des applications aux circuits, il est intéressant de comprendre la puissance du modèle NOF quand le nombre de joueurs atteint ou dépasse log n. Motivé par ces objectifs nous montrons l'existence d'un protocole simultané efficace à k joueurs de coût O(log^3 n) pour sym de g lorsque k > 1 + log n, sym est une function symmétrique quelconque et g est une fonction arbitraire. Nous donnons aussi des applications de notre protocole efficace à la théorie de Ramsey.Dans le contexte où k < log n, nous étudions de plus près des fonctions de la forme majority de g, mod_m de g et nor de g, où les deux derniers cas sont des généralisations des fonctions bien connues et très étudiées Inner Product et Disjointness respectivement. Nous caractérisons la complexité de communication de ces fonctions par rapport au choix de g.2. La deuxième partie considère les applications de l'analyse de Fourier des fonctions symmétriques à la complexité de communication et autres domaines. La norme spectrale d'une function booléenne f:{0,1}^n -> {0,1} est la somme des valeurs absolues de ses coefficients de Fourier. Nous donnons une caractérisation combinatoire pour la norme spectrale des fonctions symmétriques. Nous montrons que le logarithme de la norme spectrale est du même ordre de grandeur que r(f)log(n/r(f)), avec r(f) = max(r_0,r_1) où r_0 et r_1 sont les entiers minimaux plus petits que n/2 pour lesquels f(x) ou f(x)parity(x) est constant pour tout x tel que x_1 + ... + x_n à [r_0,n-r_1]. Nous présentons quelques applications aux arbres de décision et à la complexité de communication des fonctions symmétriques.3. La troisième partie étudie la confidentialité dans le contexte de la complexité de communication: quelle quantité d'information est-ce que les joueurs révèlent sur leur input en suivant un protocole donné? L'inatteignabilité de la confidentialité parfaite pour plusieurs fonctions motivent l'étude de la confidentialité approximative. Feigenbaum et al. (Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Electronic Commerce, 167--178, 2010) ont défini des notions de confidentialité approximative dans le pire cas et dans le cas moyen, et ont présenté plusieurs bornes supérieures intéressantes ainsi que quelques questions ouvertes. Dans cette thèse, nous obtenons des bornes asymptotiques précises, pour le pire cas aussi bien que pour le cas moyen, sur l'échange entre la confidentialité approximative de protocoles et le coût de communication pour les enchères Vickrey Auction, qui constituent l'exemple canonique d'une enchère honnête. Nous démontrons aussi des bornes inférieures exponentielles sur la confidentialité approximative de protocoles calculant la function Intersection, indépendamment du coût de communication. Ceci résout une conjecture de Feigenbaum et al.
Chafik, Ayoub. "Mutations de l'information politique télévisuelle en Égypte : vers une éthique communicationnelle de la complexité locale, régionale et cosmopolite." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30056.
Full textThis research purports to retrace the media and political history of Egypt, as a central element of Arab public space, within a wider regional framework constituted of peripheral countries such as Qatar, Kuwait or the Saudi-Emirati axis.It invites more particularly to a reflection upon the communicational politics at work under the respective governments of what can be called the “Republic of officers”, a phrase borrowed from Yazid Sayegh to designate the successive takeovers of contemporary Egypt by military men, namely Nasser, Sadat, Mubarak, and finally Sisi.From the Arabist journalism of offensive resistance from the fifties’ on, to the commercial development of media in the late eighties’, a thorough examination of the informational and journalistic approach of the regimes in power will be undertaken. This will be linked with the diverse spheres of the public space, i.e. the intellectuals, religious, and all kinds of activists from the civil society. The role played by the cosmopolitical regime will be asked too, not as much as the transnational phenomenon of global pacification in Ulrich Beck’s sense, but rather as this informal body is exploited and corrupted by the American administration and high European representation for not so altruistic aims.When Aljazeera channel was created in 1996, paving the way to a communicational neo-panarabism now promoted by a rentier micro-State of the Gulf region, namely Qatar, a new wind started to blow on the television treatment of political issues in the Arab world. The other countries of the peninsula soon responded, allowing the birth of an abundance of channels, most of which were commercial. The development of social networks and the new information technologies in general are not forgotten leading us to interrogate the mutations of this system which is getting more and more complex. In-between the scheme of co-isolation within which the evolution of the Qatari channel is inscribed and the counter-revolutionary project financially supported by the Saudi-Emirati axis after Morsi’s election, then inaugurating an era of political absurdity permeating all and every interstice of the regional public space, our point will be to decipher more particularly the paradoxes of the system, in articulation with the notion of ethics and the concept of recognition
Pankratov, Denis. "Communication complexity and information complexity." Thesis, The University of Chicago, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3711791.
Full textInformation complexity enables the use of information-theoretic tools in communication complexity theory. Prior to the results presented in this thesis, information complexity was mainly used for proving lower bounds and direct-sum theorems in the setting of communication complexity. We present three results that demonstrate new connections between information complexity and communication complexity.
In the first contribution we thoroughly study the information complexity of the smallest nontrivial two-party function: the AND function. While computing the communication complexity of AND is trivial, computing its exact information complexity presents a major technical challenge. In overcoming this challenge, we reveal that information complexity gives rise to rich geometrical structures. Our analysis of information complexity relies on new analytic techniques and new characterizations of communication protocols. We also uncover a connection of information complexity to the theory of elliptic partial differential equations. Once we compute the exact information complexity of AND, we can compute exact communication complexity of several related functions on n-bit inputs with some additional technical work. Previous combinatorial and algebraic techniques could only prove bounds of the form Θ( n). Interestingly, this level of precision is typical in the area of information theory, so our result demonstrates that this meta-property of precise bounds carries over to information complexity and in certain cases even to communication complexity. Our result does not only strengthen the lower bound on communication complexity of disjointness by making it more exact, but it also shows that information complexity provides the exact upper bound on communication complexity. In fact, this result is more general and applies to a whole class of communication problems.
In the second contribution, we use self-reduction methods to prove strong lower bounds on the information complexity of two of the most studied functions in the communication complexity literature: Gap Hamming Distance (GHD) and Inner Product mod 2 (IP). In our first result we affirm the conjecture that the information complexity of GHD is linear even under the uniform distribution. This strengthens the Ω(n) bound shown by Kerenidis et al. (2012) and answers an open problem by Chakrabarti et al. (2012). We also prove that the information complexity of IP is arbitrarily close to the trivial upper bound n as the permitted error tends to zero, again strengthening the Ω(n) lower bound proved by Braverman and Weinstein (2011). More importantly, our proofs demonstrate that self-reducibility makes the connection between information complexity and communication complexity lower bounds a two-way connection. Whereas numerous results in the past used information complexity techniques to derive new communication complexity lower bounds, we explore a generic way, in which communication complexity lower bounds imply information complexity lower bounds in a black-box manner.
In the third contribution we consider the roles that private and public randomness play in the definition of information complexity. In communication complexity, private randomness can be trivially simulated by public randomness. Moreover, the communication cost of simulating public randomness with private randomness is well understood due to Newman's theorem (1991). In information complexity, the roles of public and private randomness are reversed: public randomness can be trivially simulated by private randomness. However, the information cost of simulating private randomness with public randomness is not understood. We show that protocols that use only public randomness admit a rather strong compression. In particular, efficient simulation of private randomness by public randomness would imply a version of a direct sum theorem in the setting of communication complexity. This establishes a yet another connection between the two areas. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Rigby, Julie. "Principes et processus à l'oeuvre dans un projet d'amélioration de conditions de vie dans les territoires contaminés par la catastrophe de Tchernobyl-ETHOS I (1996-1998)." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1455.
Full textJaegler, Arnaud. "Segmentation d'image échographique par minimisation de la complexité stochastique en vue du diagnostic sénologique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30002.
Full textThe purpose of this PhD thesis is to propose and study a segmentation method adapted to echographic ultrasound imaging that could be clinically operational (i.e. fast and parameter-free) and robust to both the speckle noise and the attenuation of the ultrasonic signal in the medium. The solutions we studied rely on statistical active contour methods that are based on the Minimization of the Stochastic Complexity (MSC). The impact on the segmentation results of several speckle noise models that still lead to fast segmentation algorithms has been characterized. A key feature of these models, that appears to be crucial for both the segmentation and the speckle characterization, is the ability to take into account the spatial variation of the average intensity induced by the attenuation of the signal in the medium. In addition, we proposed a hierarchical optimization strategy that improves segmentation results and decreases the computation time.Finally, a novel contour model that is adapted to smooth boundaries that are met in medical imaging is also proposed for the considered MSC segmentation algorithms. The construction of this contour model relies on Information Theory concepts. It still allows one to get low computation times and does not contain any tuning parameter. Evaluations performed on synthetic images and real echographic phantom images indicate that this contour model provides better segmentation results for smooth inclusions that usually compose the echographic images
Chen, Lijie S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Fine-grained complexity meets communication complexity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122754.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 215-229).
Fine-grained complexity aims to understand the exact exponent of the running time of fundamental problems in P. Basing on several important conjectures such as Strong Exponential Time Hypothesis (SETH), All-Pair Shortest Path Conjecture, and the 3-Sum Conjecture, tight conditional lower bounds are proved for numerous exact problems from all fields of computer science, showing that many text-book algorithms are in fact optimal. For many natural problems, a fast approximation algorithm would be as important as fast exact algorithms. So it would be interesting to show hardness for approximation algorithms as well. But we had few techniques to prove tight hardness for approximation problems in P--In particular, the celebrated PCP Theorem, which proves similar approximation hardness in the world of NP-completeness, is not fine-grained enough to yield interesting conditional lower bounds for approximation problems in P.
In 2017, a breakthrough work of Abboud, Rubinstein and Williams [12] established a framework called "Distributed PCP", and applied that to show conditional hardness (under SETH) for several fundamental approximation problems in P. The most interesting aspect of their work is a connection between fine-grained complexity and communication complexity, which shows Merlin-Arther communication protocols can be utilized to give fine-grained reductions between exact and approximation problems. In this thesis, we further explore the connection between fine-grained complexity and communication complexity. More specifically, we have two sets of results. In the first set of results, we consider communication protocols other than Merlin-Arther protocols in [12] and show that they can be used to construct other fine-grained reductions between problems. [sigma]₂ Protocols and An Equivalence Class for Orthogonal Vectors (OV).
First, we observe that efficient [sigma]₂[superscripts cc] protocols for a function imply fine-grained reductions from a certain related problem to OV. Together with other techniques including locality-sensitive hashing, we establish an equivalence class for OV with O(log n) dimensions, including Max-IP/Min-IP, approximate Max-IP/Min-IP, and approximate bichromatic closest/further pair. · NP · UPP Protocols and Hardness for Computational Geometry Problems in 2⁰([superscript log*n]) Dimensions. Second, we consider NP · UPP protocols which are the relaxation of Merlin-Arther protocols such that Alice and Bob only need to be convinced with probability > 1/2 instead of > 2/3.
We observe that NP · UPP protocols are closely connected to Z-Max-IP problem in very small dimensions, and show that Z-Max-IP, l₂₋-Furthest Pair and Bichromatic l₂-Closest Pair in 2⁰[superscript (log* n)] dimensions requires n²⁻⁰[superscript (1)] time under SETH, by constructing an efficient NP - UPP protocol for the Set-Disjointness problem. This improves on the previous hardness result for these problems in w(log² log n) dimensions by Williams [172]. · IP Protocols and Hardness for Approximation Problems Under Stronger Conjectures. Third, building on the connection between IP[superscript cc] protocols and a certain alternating product problem observed by Abboud and Rubinstein [11] and the classical IP = PSPACE theorem [123, 155]. We show that several finegrained problems are hard under conjectures much stronger than SETH (e.g., the satisfiability of n⁰[superscript (1)]-depth circuits requires 2(¹⁻⁰[superscript (1)n] time).
In the second set of results, we utilize communication protocols to construct new algorithms. · BQP[superscript cc] Protocols and Approximate Counting Algorithms. Our first connection is that a fast BQP[superscript cc] protocol for a function f implies a fast deterministic additive approximate counting algorithm for a related pair counting problem. Applying known BQP[superscript cc] protocols, we get fast deterministic additive approximate counting algorithms for Count-OV (#OV), Sparse Count-OV and Formula of SYM circuits. · AM[superscript cc]/PH[superscript cc] Protocols and Efficient SAT Algorithms. Our second connection is that a fast AM[superscript cc] (or PH[superscript cc]) protocol for a function f implies a faster-than-bruteforce algorithm for a related problem.
In particular, we show that if the Longest Common Subsequence (LCS) problem admits a fast (computationally efficient) PH[superscript cc] protocol (polylog(n) complexity), then polynomial-size Formula-SAT admits a 2[superscript n-n][superscript 1-[delta]] time algorithm for any constant [delta] > 0, which is conjectured to be unlikely by a recent work of Abboud and Bringmann [6].
by Lijie Chen.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Boczkowski, Lucas. "Search and broadcast in stochastic environments, a biological perspective." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC044.
Full textThis thesis is built around two series of works, each motivated by experiments on ants. We derive and analyse new models,that use computer science concepts and methodology, despite their biological roots and motivation.The first model studied in this thesis takes its inspiration in collaborative transport of food in the P. Longicornis species. Wefind that some key aspects of the process are well described by a graph search problem with noisy advice. The advicecorresponds to characteristic short scent marks laid in front of the load in order to facilitate its navigation. In this thesis, weprovide detailed analysis of the model on trees, which are relevant graph structures from a computer science standpoint. Inparticular our model may be viewed as a noisy extension of binary search to trees. Tight results in expectation and highprobability are derived with matching upper and lower bounds. Interestingly, there is a sharp phase transition phenomenon forthe expected runtime, but not when the algorithms are only required to succeed with high probability.The second model we work with was initially designed to capture information broadcast amongst desert ants. The model usesa stochastic meeting pattern and noise in the interactions, in a way that matches experimental data. Within this theoreticalmodel, we present in this document a strong lower bound on the number of interactions required before information can bespread reliably. Experimentally, we see that the time required for the recruitment process of even few ants increases sharplywith the group size, in accordance with our result. A theoretical consequence of the lower bound is a separation between theuniform noisy PUSH and PULL models of interaction. We also study a close variant of broadcast, without noise this time butunder more strict convergence requirements and show that in this case, the problem can be solved efficiently, even with verylimited exchange of information on each interaction
Chafik, Ayoub. "Mutations de l'information politique télévisuelle en Égypte : vers une éthique communicationnelle de la complexité locale, régionale et cosmopolite." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30056.
Full textThis research purports to retrace the media and political history of Egypt, as a central element of Arab public space, within a wider regional framework constituted of peripheral countries such as Qatar, Kuwait or the Saudi-Emirati axis.It invites more particularly to a reflection upon the communicational politics at work under the respective governments of what can be called the “Republic of officers”, a phrase borrowed from Yazid Sayegh to designate the successive takeovers of contemporary Egypt by military men, namely Nasser, Sadat, Mubarak, and finally Sisi.From the Arabist journalism of offensive resistance from the fifties’ on, to the commercial development of media in the late eighties’, a thorough examination of the informational and journalistic approach of the regimes in power will be undertaken. This will be linked with the diverse spheres of the public space, i.e. the intellectuals, religious, and all kinds of activists from the civil society. The role played by the cosmopolitical regime will be asked too, not as much as the transnational phenomenon of global pacification in Ulrich Beck’s sense, but rather as this informal body is exploited and corrupted by the American administration and high European representation for not so altruistic aims.When Aljazeera channel was created in 1996, paving the way to a communicational neo-panarabism now promoted by a rentier micro-State of the Gulf region, namely Qatar, a new wind started to blow on the television treatment of political issues in the Arab world. The other countries of the peninsula soon responded, allowing the birth of an abundance of channels, most of which were commercial. The development of social networks and the new information technologies in general are not forgotten leading us to interrogate the mutations of this system which is getting more and more complex. In-between the scheme of co-isolation within which the evolution of the Qatari channel is inscribed and the counter-revolutionary project financially supported by the Saudi-Emirati axis after Morsi’s election, then inaugurating an era of political absurdity permeating all and every interstice of the regional public space, our point will be to decipher more particularly the paradoxes of the system, in articulation with the notion of ethics and the concept of recognition
Dam, Wim van. "Nonlocality and communication complexity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325982.
Full textEl, chall Rida. "Récepteur itératif pour les systèmes MIMO-OFDM basé sur le décodage sphérique : convergence, performance et complexité." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAR0019/document.
Full textRecently, iterative processing has been widely considered to achieve near-capacity performance and reliable high data rate transmission, for future wireless communication systems. However, such an iterative processing poses significant challenges for efficient receiver design. In this thesis, iterative receiver combining multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) detection with channel decoding is investigated for high data rate transmission. The convergence, the performance and the computational complexity of the iterative receiver for MIMO-OFDM system are considered. First, we review the most relevant hard-output and soft-output MIMO detection algorithms based on sphere decoding, K-Best decoding, and interference cancellation. Consequently, a low-complexity K-best (LCK- Best) based decoder is proposed in order to substantially reduce the computational complexity without significant performance degradation. We then analyze the convergence behaviors of combining these detection algorithms with various forward error correction codes, namely LTE turbo decoder and LDPC decoder with the help of Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts. Based on this analysis, a new scheduling order of the required inner and outer iterations is suggested. The performance of the proposed receiver is evaluated in various LTE channel environments, and compared with other MIMO detection schemes. Secondly, the computational complexity of the iterative receiver with different channel coding techniques is evaluated and compared for different modulation orders and coding rates. Simulation results show that our proposed approaches achieve near optimal performance but more importantly it can substantially reduce the computational complexity of the system. From a practical point of view, fixed-point representation is usually used in order to reduce the hardware costs in terms of area, power consumption and execution time. Therefore, we present efficient fixed point arithmetic of the proposed iterative receiver based on LC-KBest decoder. Additionally, the impact of the channel estimation on the system performance is studied. The proposed iterative receiver is tested in a real-time environment using the MIMO WARP platform
Ndayiziga, Honoré. "Territoires et mobilité durable : complexité, acteurs-réseaux et hybridation des pratiques au croisement de l'intelligence territoriale et du développement durable." Thesis, Toulon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUL0002.
Full textWe actually do make, in our PhD research work, a tough choice on studying mobility at the crossroads of Territorial Intelligence Process and Sustainable Mobility through Communication Science sensitive approach with the help of IT (Information Technologies). Because mobility, or absence of, can lead to isolation (may be seclusion) or even exclusion, especially for the most vulnerable people, is a subject of high political and scientific relevance, raising questions and involving processes far beyond the usual and specific questions of transportation (Bonnet, Desjeux, 2000, p. 201). We stress the point about the link between « Territorial Intelligence and Sustainable Mobility » with a focus on shared displacement, goods and people, which means, and can be seen as, a social communication factor and development of territorial equilibrium; We conducted a simultaneous study both in East Africa and Euro Mediterranean space (PACA and Corsica), to recap learned lessons. Bertacchini, Girardot, and Grammacia (2006), shown Territorial Intelligence (IT) as a theory, posture, and bottom-up approach of collective intelligence based on citizen's approach of territorial development. And for that purpose, we underlined the need of action based on analysis of travel needs of residents and how to create new ways of structuring mobility offer through the development of communications suggested by Territorial Intelligence (IT), social cohesion, conviviality, equity, assumptions of IT and with the ability of communication to promote territorial mediation. For local stakeholders mobility is a matter of life and at the crossroads of their daily economic and social life, mobility is an issue with multiple challenges: impact on global warming, rights to mobility, economy development, jobs accessibility, town planning and environment, road safety and public health. The need for mobility can be addressed or even satisfied by several ways, either by responding to the need for mobility, or by providing a response to the mode of mobility. Thus, the transportation sector needs using information technology. These information technologies are studied through numerous ways on mobility and non-mobility, particularly focusing on how reducing physical displacements made necessary and call for the control of greenhouse gas emissions. Information technologies by hybridizing territories, as described within Territorial Intelligence assumptions, can be tools for a comprehensive and sustainable management of territorial displacements
Zamoum, Selma. "Random access techniques for satellite communications." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0116.
Full textThe effective coverage of satellites and the technology behind have motivated many actors to develop efficient communications for Internet access, television and telephony. For a long time, reservation resources of Demand Assignment Multiple Access (DAMA) techniques have been largely deployed in the return link of satellite communications, occupying most of the frequency bandwidth. However, these resources cannot follow the technological growth with big users communities in applications like the Internet of Things and Machine to Machine communications. Especially because the Round Trip Time is significant in addition to a potential underuse of the resources. Thus, access protocols based on ALOHA took over a big part of the Random Access (RA) research area and have considerably evolved lately. CRDSA have particularly put its fingerprint in this domain, which inspired many different techniques. In this context, a complementary method, called MARSALA comes to unlock CRDSA when packets can no longer be retrieved. This actually involves a correlation complexity related to packet localization which is necessary for replicas combinations that results in a potentially higher signal power. Accordingly, the main goal of this PhD research is to seek for effective and less complex alternatives. More precisely, the core challenge focuses on the way to manage multi-user transmissions and solve interference at reception, with the smallest complexity. In addition, the loop phenomenon which occur when multiple users transmit their packets at the same positions is tackled as it creates an error floor at the packet loss ratio performance. Synchronous and asynchronous solutions are proposed in this thesis, mainly based on providing the transmitter and the receiver with a shared prior information that could help reduce the complexity, mitigate the loop phenomenon and enhance the system performance. An in-depth description and analysis of the proposed techniques are presented in this dissertation
Lerays, Virginie. "Quantum nonlocality and communication complexity." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077151.
Full textQuantum computing raises a lot of questions related to the foundations of computing. We study, in this thesis, a complexity model called communication complexity, where we study the amount of communication required to solve a distributed task. We study this model from the perspective of quantum information theory. This thesis introduces a new way of obtaining lower bounds on communication complexity, using ideas developed in the study of quantum nonlocality. These methods are compared to previously known lower-bound methods and allow us to define a new family of Bell inequalities. We also prove in this thesis that ail previously known lower bounds for communication complexity are also lower bounds on information complexity. This witnesses the potential equivalence between these two measures of complexity and allows us to obtain direct sum results on the communication complexity of very-well studied functions
Hijjawi, Tharwat. "Les technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) dans l’enseignement supérieur des langues étrangères en Palestine… Oui, mais comment ? Une évaluation des politiques d’intégration et d’innovation pédagogique dans le système éducatif palestinien." Thesis, Lille 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL30055.
Full textThe objective of this research is to evaluate the integration of ICT in Palestinian universities for foreign language teaching: the case of RUFO and QIF projects. By adopting a constructivist theoretical approach, this study is conducted on three levels: micro (teachers and students), meso (on line courses) and macro (policy of the university and the Ministry of Education).The research is based on a qualitative and comprehensive methodology. A content analysis was applied to the triple collected data (interviews, excerpts from on line courses, official excerpts) The findings show that current teaching practices have not evolved as a result of the integration of ICT; the use of this new modality has amplified the existing traditional and directive practices; sometimes it has moved them backward. The main conclusion is that it is not possible to innovate without changing the educational paradigm and shifting from a teaching-centered model to a learning- centered one. Development of higher education requires the implementation of: a complex and cooperative educative engineering, a bidirectional and transversal management process of the innovation, and a training-coaching at all levels
Urgelli, Benoit. "Les logiques d'engagement d'enseignants face à une question socioscientifique médiatisée : le cas du réchauffement climatique." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure Lettres et Sciences Humaines - ENS-LSH Lyon, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555072.
Full textLecoeuvre, Laurence. "Le marketing de projet en situation Business to Business : Etudes de cas et proposition d'un modèle dynamique d'évaluation et de suivi." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00270114.
Full textSix variables - actions déterminantes dans l'avancée du processus de marketing de projet sont mises en avant, ainsi que les ressources internes et externes à mobiliser en fonction des quatre phases de marketing de projet : le marketing hors projet, le marketing en amont du projet, le marketing dans le projet et le marketing hors projet du prochain projet.
Une modélisation du processus de marketing de projet est proposée, qui non seulement permet d'en circonscrire la signification et la valeur, mais aussi en suscite l'opérationnalité.
Le travail mené ici est de type exploratoire. Il est en particulier basé sur l'analyse de trois cas d'entreprises, et est caractérisé par une construction progressive et itérative, avec de constants allers et retours entre l'empirique et le théorique.