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Academic literature on the topic 'Complexes (Stratigraphy) New Zealand'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Complexes (Stratigraphy) New Zealand"

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ADAMS, C. J., H. J. CAMPBELL, and W. L. GRIFFIN. "Provenance comparisons of Permian to Jurassic tectonostratigraphic terranes in New Zealand: perspectives from detrital zircon age patterns." Geological Magazine 144, no. 4 (April 25, 2007): 701–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756807003469.

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U–Pb detrital zircon ages (LAM-ICPMS) are reported for 20 greywackes and sandstones from seven major tectono-stratigraphic terranes of the Eastern Province of New Zealand (Cretaceous to Carboniferous) to constrain sediment provenances. Samples are mainly from three time horizons: Late Permian, Late Triassic and Late Jurassic. Age datasets are analysed as percentages in geological intervals, and in histogram and cumulative probability diagrams. The latter discriminate significant zircon age components in terms of terrane, sample stratigraphic age, component age, precision and percentage (of total set). Zircon age distributions from all samples have persistent, large Triassic–Permian, and very few Devonian–Silurian, populations, features which exclude a sediment provenance from the early Palaeozoic, Lachlan Fold Belt of southeast Australia or continuations in New Zealand and Antarctica. In the accretionary terranes, significant Palaeozoic (and Precambrian) zircon age populations are present in Torlesse and Waipapa terranes, and variably in Caples terrane. In the fore-arc and back-arc terranes, a unimodal character persists in Murihiku and Brook Street terranes, while Dun Mountain–Maitai terrane is more variable, and with Caples terrane, displays a hybrid character. Required extensive Triassic–Permian zircon sources can only be found within the New England Fold Belt and Hodgkinson Province of northeast Australia, and southward continuations to Dampier Ridge, Lord Howe Rise and West Norfolk Ridge (Tasman Sea). Small but significant Palaeozoic (and Precambrian) age components in the accretionary terranes (plus Dun Mountain–Maitai terrane), have sources in hinterlands of the New England Fold Belt, in particular to mid-Palaeozoic granite complexes in NE Queensland, and Carboniferous granite complexes in NE New South Wales. Major and minor components place sources (1) for the older Torlesse (Rakaia) terrane, in NE Queensland, and (2) for Waipapa terrane, in NE New South Wales, with Dun Mountain–Maitai and Caples terrane sources more inshore and offshore, respectively. In Early Jurassic–Late Cretaceous, Torlesse (Pahau) and Waipapa terranes, there is less continental influence, and more isolated, offshore volcanic arc sources are suggested. There is local input of plutonic rock detritus into Pahau depocentres from the Median Batholith in New Zealand, or its northward continuation on Lord Howe Rise. Excepting Murihiku and Brook Street terranes, all others are suspect terranes, with depocentres close to the contemporary Gondwanaland margin in NE Australia, and subsequent margin-parallel, tectonic transport to their present New Zealand position. This is highlighted by a slight southeastward migration of terrane depocentres with time. Murihiku and Brook Street terrane sources are more remote from continental influences and represent isolated offshore volcanic depocentres, perhaps in their present New Zealand position.
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McArthur, Adam D., Julien Bailleul, Geoffroy Mahieux, Barbara Claussmann, Alex Wunderlich, and William D. McCaffrey. "Deformation–sedimentation feedback and the development of anomalously thick aggradational turbidite lobes: Outcrop and subsurface examples from the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand." Journal of Sedimentary Research 91, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 362–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/jsr.2020.013.

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ABSTRACT Concepts of the interaction between autogenic (e.g., flow process) and allogenic (e.g., tectonics) controls on sedimentation have advanced to a state that allows the controlling forces to be distinguished. Here we examine outcropping and subsurface Neogene deep-marine clastic systems that traversed the Hikurangi subduction margin via thrust-bounded trench-slope basins, providing an opportunity to examine the interplay of structural deformation and deep-marine sedimentation. Sedimentary logging and mapping of Miocene outcrops from the exhumed portion of the subduction wedge record heavily amalgamated, sand-rich lobe complexes, up to 200 m thick, which accumulated behind NE–SW-oriented growth structures. There was no significant deposition from low-density parts of the gravity flows in the basin center, although lateral fringes demonstrate fining and thinning indicative of deposits from low-density flows. Seismic data from the offshore portion of the margin show analogous lobate reflector geometries. These deposits accumulate into complexes up to 5 km wide, 8 km long, and 300 m thick, comparable in scale with the outcropping lobes on this margin. Mapping reveals lobe complexes that are vertically stacked behind thrusts. These results illustrate repeated trapping of the sandier parts of turbidity currents to form aggradational lobe complexes, with the finer-grained suspended load bypassing to areas downstream. However, the repeated development of lobes characterized by partial bypass implies that a feedback mechanism operates to perpetuate a partial confinement condition, via rejuvenation of accommodation. The mechanism proposed is a coupling of sediment loading and deformation rate, such that load-driven subsidence focuses stress on basin-bounding faults and perpetuates generation of accommodation in the basin, hence modulating tectonic forcing. Recognition of such a mechanism has implications for understanding the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of deep-marine fold and thrust belts and the distribution of resources within them.
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Pillans, Brad. "New Zealand Quaternary stratigraphy: An overview." Quaternary Science Reviews 10, no. 5 (January 1991): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0277-3791(91)90004-e.

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Self, Stephen, and James Healy. "Wairakei Formation, New Zealand: Stratigraphy and correlation." New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 30, no. 1 (January 1987): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1987.10422194.

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Froggatt, Paul, Russell Howorth, Colin Vucetich, James Healy, C. J. N. Wilson, and Stephen Self. "Wairakei Formation, New Zealand: Stratigraphy and correlation." New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 31, no. 3 (July 1988): 391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1988.10417786.

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de Lange, W. P., and V. G. Moon. "Tsunami washover deposits, Tawharanui, New Zealand." Sedimentary Geology 200, no. 3-4 (August 2007): 232–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.01.006.

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Meesook, A., and J. A. Grant‐Mackie. "Upper Jurassic stratigraphy, south Kawhia region, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 38, no. 3 (June 1995): 361–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1995.9514663.

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Roberts, Andrew P., and Gary S. Wilson. "Stratigraphy of the Awatere Group, Marlborough, New Zealand." Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 22, no. 3 (September 1992): 187–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03036758.1992.10426556.

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McFadgen, B. G., and J. R. Goff. "Tsunamis in the New Zealand archaeological record." Sedimentary Geology 200, no. 3-4 (August 2007): 263–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2007.01.007.

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Dunbar, Gavin B., Bill McLea, and James R. Goff. "Holocene pollen stratigraphy and sedimentation, Wellington Harbour, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 40, no. 3 (September 1997): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1997.9514765.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Complexes (Stratigraphy) New Zealand"

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Wadman, Heidi M. "Controls on continental shelf stratigraphy: Waiapu River, New Zealand." W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539616896.

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A quantitative understanding of the processes controlling sediment transport and deposition across the land/sea interface is crucial to linking terrestrial and marine environments and understanding the formation of marine stratigraphy. The nature and distribution of terrestrial-derived sediment preserved in shelf stratigraphy in turn provides insight into the complex linkages inherent in source-to-sink sediment dynamics. Located inboard of an actively subducting plate boundary and characterized by one of the highest sediment yields in the world, the open-shelf setting off of the Waiapu River in New Zealand presents an excellent location to improve our understanding of the factors controlling the formation of continental shelf stratigraphy and associated sediment transport. Over 850km of high-resolution seismic and swath bathymetry data ground-truthed by cores show significant stratigraphic spatial variation preserved on the Waiapu continental shelf. This spatial variation is likely controlled by regionally-specific sediment deposition and resuspension processes as well as antecedent geology. Chronostratigraphic control obtained from black carbon analysis reveals that deforestation of the Waiapu catchment is preserved as a distinct event in the adjacent inner shelf stratigraphy, and further indicates that the inner shelf is currently capturing a significant ∼16-34% of the total Waiapu sediment budget. Shelf-wide stratigraphy shows that the thickest deposits of Holocene stratigraphy are found in tectonically-created accommodation spaces, highlighting the role of neotectonics in strata formation. The primary control on strata formation on the Waiapu continental shelf is presumed to be tectonically-steered, local sediment supply, which likely still influences modern-day sediment transport via the effects of small-scale bathymetric lows steering gravity-dependent sediment flows at the river mouth.
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Campbell, Hamish John. "Stratigraphic significance of the Triassic bivalves Daonella and Halobia in New Zealand and New Caledonia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/250867.

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Morris, John C. "The stratigraphy of the Amuri limestone group, east Marlborough, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5614.

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An extensive study of the stratigraphy of the Amuri Limestone Group (Upper Cretaceous Upper Eocene) and the enclosing units in East Marlborough has been undertaken. The study includes regional correlation of detailed measured sections in conjunction with lithofacies descriptions, micropaleontological age determinations, petrographic examination, and geochemical analysis. A revised New Zealand Paleogene time scale has been compiled to take into account recent major revisions of international Cenozoic geochronology. The Amuri Limestone Group (c.660m maximum thickness) incorporates 6 formations: Mead Hill Formation (mid Haumurian - lower Waipawan); Teredo Limestone (mid Waipawan late Mangaorapan); Lower Limestone (mid Waipawan – mid Mangaorapan); Lower Marl (upper Waipawan - lower Heretaungan); Middle Limestone (lower Mangaorapan - lower Bortonian); Upper Marl (upper Porangan - upper Runangan). The Mead Hill Formation is diachronous and conformable on the Upper Iwitahi Group which includes the Woolshed Formation (lower - upper Haumurian) and the overlying Claverley Sandstone (upper Haumurian). The Mead Hill Formation contains the Flaxbourne Limestone Member (mid Haumurian) and Lower Chert Member (late Haumurian). The Lower Limestone contains the Upper Chert Member (mid Waipawan). The Fells Greensand Member (mid Bortonian) and Grass Seed Volcanics Member (upper Bortonian) are both intercalated within the Middle Limestone and Upper Marl. With the exception of post-unconformity sandy facies, the Amuri Limestone consists of dcm-bedded, light greenish grey, well indurated, foraminiferal biomicritic calcilutites and poorly indurated, smectite-rich marls. Macrofossils are extremely rare. Cretaceous sequences are characterized by a poorly developed Planolites - Teichichnus ichnoassemblage; Paleogene facies are dominated by a Zoophycos - Planolites ichnoassemblage. Pelagic limestone deposition was initiated within a central NW-trending trough and spread outwards onto the adjacent near-horizontal platform. Subsidence of the trough is inferred to have been maintained by reactivation of basement faults. Water depths on the platform are likely to have been relatively shallow (inner shelf) during the Late Cretaceous but much deeper (outer shelf - bathyal) during the Paleocene and Eocene. Basin morphology was the major control on lateral facies variations. Platform sediments are characteristically more thinly bedded, and the thickness of individual Formations is correspondingly attenuated, in comparison with trough facies. Chert and dolomite are restricted to the lower parts of the trough facies. Basin-wide unconformities are recognized in the late Haumurian, mid Waipawan (sub-Teredo Limestone unconformity), mid Bortonian, and mid Whaingaroan. Although these breaks are disconformable in platform areas, they regionally account for large amounts of differential erosion. Submarine erosion, hardground formation, development of a Thallasinoides-dominated ichnofauna, glauconitization, phosphatization, and accumulation of a thin sandy facies are typical of unconformities outside the trough. Within the trough, the Haumurian and Waipawan breaks in deposition are represented by paraconformities or coevally deposited siliceous, pyritic mudstones. The subfeldsarenitic Claverley Sandstone was intra-basinally derived from submarine erosion and reworking of the underlying Woolshed Formation. The detrital sand fraction of the Teredo Limestone was derived from reworking of the locally exhumed Claverley Sandstone, and from remobilization at depth and submarine extrusion of that unit. An extra-basinal source (possibly reworked quartzose coal measures) for the redeposited supermature quartzarenitic Fells Greensand is likely. Pulses of (compressional?) tectonic activity immediately preceded and possibly continued during unconformity development. These tectonic events may provide an independent estimate of the timing of some of the major (Late Cretaceous - Cenozoic) plate tectonic events affecting the New Zealand region. The amount of dextral movement on two of the major Marlborough Faults has been estimated from offsets in lithofacies and isopach patterns. 5-10km of transcurrent movement is recognized on the northern branch of the Hope Fault; 10-15km of right-lateral slip has occurred on the Kekerengu Fault.
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Rose, Robert Vaughan. "Quaternary geology and stratigraphy of North Westland, South Island, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6474.

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Infrared stimulated luminescence ages are presented from the North Westland region, West Coast, South Island, New Zealand. These ages span much of the last interglacial-glacial cycle from 123.3 ± 12.7 ka to 33.6 ± 3.6 ka. Coverage is extended to c. 14 ka via cosmogenic isotope dating. A new Quaternary stratigraphy and Marine Isotope Stage correlation is proposed for the on-shore glacial-interglacial fluvioglacial, fluvial and marine terrace sequence. The new model incorporates previously published luminescence and radiocarbon ages. It necessitates reinterpretation of the evolution of the climate in North Westland for the period from 123 ka to 14 ka. Reinterpretation of fossil pollen and plant macrofossil records implies a period of probable near-interglacial climate in North Westland during the early to middle portion of Marine Isotope Stage 3. It also implies the presence in North Westland of raised marine terraces dating from this Isotope Stage. In addition it is concluded that during the period from c.60 ka to c.50 ka podocarp dominated forest was widespread in the lowland portion of Westland. Between Okarito and Westport Dacrydium cupressinum and Nestegis were ubiquitous components of this forest. This finding aligns the Marine Isotope Stage 3 climate of North Westland nicely with that of other parts of New Zealand where good records exist for this period.
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Schuetz, Corinna. "Stratigraphy, petrography and geochemistry of the Kaiwhata Limestone, Pahaoa, New Zealand." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/232515/1/Corinna_Schuetz_Thesis.pdf.

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This thesis examined the stratigraphy, petrography, and geochemistry of the Paleocene to Eocene pelagic sedimentary deposits in Pahaoa, Wairarapa, North Island, New Zealand. Laboratory and statistical techniques are employed to assess the change in depositional environment prior to the onset of subduction. The results provide insights into the modes of deposition, stratigraphic evolution of the passive margin sequence and tectonic setting of the receiving basin before subduction initiation of the Hikurangi margin.
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Thompson, Nicholas Kim. "Cool-water Carbonate Sedimentology and Sequence Stratigraphy of the Waitaki Region, South Island, New Zealand." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8799.

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In the mid-Cenozoic, New Zealand underwent slow subsidence interspersed with unconformity development, however significant controversy exists around both the extent of submergence below sea level during this period of maximum drowning, as well as the causes of these unconformities. Detailed field observations, combined with extensive petrographic analyses, stable isotopes, cathodoluminescence, and thin section staining were used to develop lithofacies, depositional, and sequence stratigraphic models of the mid-Cenozoic succession in the Waitaki region, South Island, to address these controversies. Twelve facies types have been described for Late Eocene-Early Miocene sedimentary rocks, leading to the identification of two major (Mid Oligocene & Early Miocene) and one minor (Late Oligocene) sequence boundaries. Surtseyan volcanism in the east produced a palaeohigh, resulting in a submerged rimmed cool-water carbonate platform, with low-lying land to the west. This eastern palaeohigh developed karst during sea-level lowstands, which correlate with silty submarine bored hardgrounds in the west. Glauconitic and phosphatic facies deposited during early marine transgression suggest an authigenic factory supplied by terrigenous clays existed during lowered sea level that was progressively shut down in favour of a carbonate factory as sea level rose and terrigenous supply decreased. The eastern palaeohigh served to nucleate this carbonate factory by raising the sea floor above the influence of siliciclastic sediment supply and providing a shallow substrate for marine colonisation. The higher energy eastern facies display dissolution of aragonitic taxa, while deeper western facies retained an aragonitic assemblage. This early bathymetric high created a barrier to submarine currents, but was gradually reduced by erosion during subsequent lowstands. Calcareous facies were often subjected to minor seafloor cement precipitation to shallow burial diagenesis, while eastern facies developed some meteoric cement during subaerial exposure. Comparisons between sea-level change in the study area and the New Zealand megasequence indicate eustatic changes as the primary driver of water depth in the Waitaki region until the development of the modern plate boundary in the Early Miocene.
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Chenrai, Piyaphong. "Seismic stratigraphy and fluid flow in the Taranaki and Great South Basins, offshore New Zealand." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/seismic-stratigraphy-and-fluid-flow-in-the-taranaki-and-great-south-basins-offshore-new-zealand(433b3426-c261-4e29-97fd-8bd8478728a5).html.

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This study utilises seismic data to improve understanding of the subsurface fluid flow behaviour in the Taranaki and Great South Basins offshore New Zealand. The aim of this study is to characterise fluid flow features and to investigate their genesis, fluid origins and implications for subsurface fluid plumbing system by integrating seismic interpretation and 3D petroleum systems modelling techniques. After an early phase studying Pliocene pockmarks in the Taranaki Basin, this study has been focused on the subsurface fluid plumbing system and on the fluid expulsion history in the Great South Basin. The Taranaki Basin lies on the west coast and offshore of the North Island, New Zealand. The seismic interpretation revealed that paleo-pockmark formation in the study area relates to fluid escape due to a rapid sediment loading environment in a distal fan setting. Seismic analysis rules out any links between the paleo-pockmarks and faulting. The relationship between paleo-pockmark occurrence and fan depositional thickness variations suggests that pore-water expulsion during overburden progradation is the most likely cause of the paleo-pockmarks. The rapid sediment loading generated overpressure which was greatest on the proximal fan due to a lateral gradient in overburden pressure. Fluids were consequently forced towards the fan distal parts where, eventually, the pore pressure exceeded the fracture gradient of the seal. The Great South Basin lies off the southern coast of the South Island of New Zealand and is located beneath the modern shelf area. Evidence for past and present subsurface fluid flow in this basin is manifested by the presence of numerous paleo-pockmarks, seabed pockmarks, polygonal fault systems, bright spots and bottom simulating reflections (BSR), all of which help constrain aspects of the overburden plumbing system and may provide clues to deeper hydrocarbon prospectivity in this frontier region. The various types of fluid flow features observed in this study are interpreted to be caused by different fluid origins and mechanisms based on evidences from seismic interpretation in the study area. The possible fluid origins which contribute to fluid flow features in the Great South Basin are compactional pore water as well as biogenic and thermogenic hydrocarbons. Using 3D seismic attribute analysis it was possible to highlight the occurrence of these features, particularly polygonal faults and pockmarks, which tend to be hosted within fine-grained sequences. Paleo- and present-day fluid flow features were investigated using 3D basin and petroleum systems modelling with varying heat flow scenarios. The models predict that thermogenic gas is currently being generated in mid-Cretaceous sedimentary sequences and possibly migrates along tectonic faults and polygonal faults feeding present-day pockmarks at the seabed. The models suggest that biogenic gas was the main fluid source for the Middle Eocene paleo-pockmarks and compactional pore fluid may be the main fluid contributor to the Late Eocene paleo-pockmarks. Different heat flow scenarios show that only mid-Cretaceous source rocks have reached thermal maturity in the basin, whilst Late Cretaceous and Paleocene source rocks would be largely immature. The observations and interpretations provided here contribute to the ongoing discussion on basin de-watering and de-gassing and the fluid contributors involved in pockmark formation and the use of pockmarks as a potential indicator of hydrocarbon expulsion. It is clear from this study that seismically-defined fluid flow features should be integrated into petroleum systems modelling of frontier and mature exploration areas in order to improve our understanding on fluid phases, their migration routes, timings and eventual expulsion history.
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Hughes, Matthew William. "Late Quaternary Landscape Evolution and Environmental Change in Charwell Basin, South Island, New Zealand." Phd thesis, Lincoln University. Agriculture and Life Sciences Division, 2008. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20080214.132530/.

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Charwell Basin is a 6 km-wide structural depression situated at the boundary between the axial ranges and faulted and folded Marlborough Fault Zone of north-eastern South Island, New Zealand. The basin contains the piedmont reach of the Charwell River, and a series of late Quaternary loess-mantled alluvial terraces and terrace remnants that have been uplifted and translocated from their sediment source due to strike-slip motion along the Hope Fault which bounds the basin to its immediate north. The aim of this study was to provide an interdisciplinary, integrated and holistic analysis of late Quaternary landscape evolution and environmental change in Charwell Basin using terrain analysis, loess stratigraphy, soil chemistry and paleoecological data. The study contributes new understanding of New Zealand landscape and ecosystem responses to regional and global climatic change extending to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6, and shows that climatically-forced shifts in biogeomorphic processes play a significant role in lowland landscape evolution. Morphometric analysis of alluvial terraces and terrace remnants of increasing age demonstrated geomorphic evolution through time, with a decrease in extent of original planar terrace tread morphology and an increase in frequency of steeper slopes and convexo-concave land elements. Paleotopographic analysis of a >150 ka terrace mantled by up to three loess sheets revealed multiple episodes of alluvial aggradation and degradation and, subsequent to river abandonment, gully incision prior to and coeval with loess accumulation. Spatial heterogeneity in loess sheet preservation showed a complex history of loess accumulation and erosion. A critical profile curvature range of -0.005 to -0.014 (d2z/dx2, m-1) for loess erosion derived from a model parameterised in different ways successfully predicted loess occurrence on adjacent slope elements, but incorrectly predicted loess occurrence on an older terrace remnant from which all loess has been eroded. Future analyses incorporating planform curvature, regolith erosivity and other landform parameters may improve identification of thresholds controlling loess occurrence in Charwell Basin and in other South Island landscapes. A loess chronostratigraphic framework was developed for, and pedogenic phases identified in, the three loess sheets mantling the >150 ka terrace. Except for one age, infrared-stimulated luminescence dates from both an upbuilding interfluve loess exposure and colluvial gully infill underestimated loess age with respect to the widespread Kawakawa/Oruanui Tephra (KOT; 27,097 ± 957 cal. yr BP), highlighting the need for improvements in the methodology. Onset of loess sheet 1 accumulation started at ca. 50 ka, with a break at ca. 27 ka corresponding to the extended Last Glacial Maximum (eLGM) interstadial identified elsewhere in New Zealand. Loess accumulation through MIS 3 indicates a regional loess flux, and that glaciation was not a necessary condition for loess generation in South Island. Loess accumulation and local alluvial aggradation are decoupled: the youngest aggradation event only covers ~12 kyr of the period of loess sheet 1 accumulation. Older local aggradation episodes could not be the source because their associated terraces are mantled by loess sheet 1. In the absence of numerical ages, the timing of L2 and L3 accumulation is inferred on the basis of an offshore clastic sediment record. The upbuilding phase of loess sheet 2 occurred in late MIS 5a/MIS 4, and loess sheet 3 accumulated in two phases in MIS 5b and late MIS 6. Biogenic silica data were used to reconstruct broad shifts in vegetation and changes in gully soil saturation status. During interglacial/interstadial periods (MIS 1, early MIS 3, MIS 5) Nothofagus¬-dominated forest covered the area in association with Microlaena spp grasses. Lowering of treeline altitude during glacial/stadial periods (MIS 2, MIS 3, MIS 5b, late MIS 6) led to reduction in forest cover and a mosaic of shrubs and Chionochloa spp, Festuca spp and Poa spp tussock grasses. Comparison of interfluve and gully records showed spatial heterogeneity in vegetation cover possibly related to environmental gradients of exposure or soil moisture. A post-KOT peak in gully tree phytoliths corresponds to the eLGM interstadial, and a shift to grass-dominated vegetation occurred during the LGM sensu stricto. Diatoms indicated the site became considerably wetter from ca. 36 ka, with peak wetness at ca. 30, 25 and 21 ka, possibly due to reduced evapotranspiration and/or increased precipitation from a combination of strengthened westerly winds and increased cloudiness, or strengthened southerly flow and increased precipitation. Human influence after ca. 750 yr BP led to re-establishment of grassland in the area, which deposited phytoliths mixed to 30 cm depth in the soil. A coupled gully colluvial infilling/vegetation record showed that sediment flux during the late Pleistocene was ~0.0019 m3 m-1 yr-1 under a shrubland/grassland mosaic, and Holocene sediment flux was ~0.0034 m3 m-1 yr-1 under forest. This increase of 60% through the last glacial-interglacial transition resulted from increased bioturbation and down-slope soil transport via root growth and treethrow, which formed a biomantle as evidenced by slope redistribution of the KOT. These results contrast with sediment transport rates and processes hypothesised to occur contemporaneously in adjacent mountain catchments. This suggests that intraregional biogeomorphic processes can differ significantly depending on topography and geological substrate, with different landscapes responding in unique ways to the same climate shifts. Analysis of Quaternary terrestrial landscape evolution in non-glaciated mountainous and lowland areas must therefore consider spatial and temporal heterogeneity in sediment fluxes and underlying transport processes.
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Irvine, Janelle Rose Mae. "Sedimentology, stratigraphy and palaeogeography of Oligocene to Miocene rocks of North Canterbury-Marlborough." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6826.

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The Cenozoic was a time of climatic, tectonic and eustatic change in the Southern Hemisphere. Cooling at the pole, glaciation and substantial sea ice formation occurred as latitudinal temperature gradients increased and tectonics altered Southern Hemisphere circulation patterns. During this same time frame, the tectonic regime of the New Zealand continental block transitioned from a passive margin to an active plate boundary, resulting in the reversal of a long-standing transgression and an influx of terrigenous sediment to marine basins. In this transition, depositional basins in the South Island became more localized; however, the influence of oceanographic and tectonic drivers is poorly understood on a local scale. Here we apply sedimentological, biostratigraphic and geochemical analyses to revise understanding of the effects of the changing climatic regime and active tectonics on the development of Oligocene and Miocene rocks in the Northern Canterbury Basin. The Late Oligocene to Middle Miocene sedimentary rocks of the northern Canterbury Basin record oceanographic and tectonic influences on basin formation, sediment supply and deposition. The Palaeocene to Late Eocene Amuri Formation in the basin are micrites and biogenic cherts recording deepwater, terrigenous-starved environments, and do not show any influence of active tectonics. The Early Oligocene development of ice on the Antarctic continent and the associated global sea level response is reflected in this basin as the Marshall Paraconformity, an eroded, glauconitized and phosphatised firm ground and hardground atop the Amuri. Sedimentation above this unconformity resumed in the Late Oligocene-Early Miocene with cleaner, deep-water, bathyal planktic foraminifera packstones and wackestones in eastern areas and Late Oligocene inner shelf volcaniclastic packstones in parts of the western basin. Post-unconformity sedimentation resumed earlier in western areas, as the currents responsible for scouring the sea floor moved progressively to the east. The development of tectonic uplift in terrestrial settings is first seen in the northwestern basin in Lower Miocene fine quartz-rich sandstones, and by the Middle Miocene, bathyal sandstones and quartz-rich wackestones appear in the basin, replacing earlier, more pure carbonates. The uplift caused shallowing to the west, in the form of shelf progradation due to sediment influx. This shallowing is not observed to the east; instead, the palaeoenvironments show a deepening as a result of sea level rise.
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Hughes, Matthew W. "Late Quaternary landscape evolution and environmental change in Charwell Basin, South Island, New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/305.

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Charwell Basin is a 6 km-wide structural depression situated at the boundary between the axial ranges and faulted and folded Marlborough Fault Zone of north-eastern South Island, New Zealand. The basin contains the piedmont reach of the Charwell River, and a series of late Quaternary loess-mantled alluvial terraces and terrace remnants that have been uplifted and translocated from their sediment source due to strike-slip motion along the Hope Fault which bounds the basin to its immediate north. The aim of this study was to provide an interdisciplinary, integrated and holistic analysis of late Quaternary landscape evolution and environmental change in Charwell Basin using terrain analysis, loess stratigraphy, soil chemistry and paleoecological data. The study contributes new understanding of New Zealand landscape and ecosystem responses to regional and global climatic change extending to Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 6, and shows that climatically-forced shifts in biogeomorphic processes play a significant role in lowland landscape evolution. Morphometric analysis of alluvial terraces and terrace remnants of increasing age demonstrated geomorphic evolution through time, with a decrease in extent of original planar terrace tread morphology and an increase in frequency of steeper slopes and convexo-concave land elements. Paleotopographic analysis of a >150 ka terrace mantled by up to three loess sheets revealed multiple episodes of alluvial aggradation and degradation and, subsequent to river abandonment, gully incision prior to and coeval with loess accumulation. Spatial heterogeneity in loess sheet preservation showed a complex history of loess accumulation and erosion. A critical profile curvature range of -0.005 to -0.014 (d²z/dx², m⁻¹) for loess erosion derived from a model parameterised in different ways successfully predicted loess occurrence on adjacent slope elements, but incorrectly predicted loess occurrence on an older terrace remnant from which all loess has been eroded. Future analyses incorporating planform curvature, regolith erosivity and other landform parameters may improve identification of thresholds controlling loess occurrence in Charwell Basin and in other South Island landscapes. A loess chronostratigraphic framework was developed for, and pedogenic phases identified in, the three loess sheets mantling the >150 ka terrace. Except for one age, infrared-stimulated luminescence dates from both an upbuilding interfluve loess exposure and colluvial gully infill underestimated loess age with respect to the widespread Kawakawa/Oruanui Tephra (KOT; 27,097 ± 957 cal. yr BP), highlighting the need for improvements in the methodology. Onset of loess sheet 1 accumulation started at ca. 50 ka, with a break at ca. 27 ka corresponding to the extended Last Glacial Maximum (eLGM) interstadial identified elsewhere in New Zealand. Loess accumulation through MIS 3 indicates a regional loess flux, and that glaciation was not a necessary condition for loess generation in South Island. Loess accumulation and local alluvial aggradation are decoupled: the youngest aggradation event only covers ~12 kyr of the period of loess sheet 1 accumulation. Older local aggradation episodes could not be the source because their associated terraces are mantled by loess sheet 1. In the absence of numerical ages, the timing of L2 and L3 accumulation is inferred on the basis of an offshore clastic sediment record. The upbuilding phase of loess sheet 2 occurred in late MIS 5a/MIS 4, and loess sheet 3 accumulated in two phases in MIS 5b and late MIS 6. Biogenic silica data were used to reconstruct broad shifts in vegetation and changes in gully soil saturation status. During interglacial/interstadial periods (MIS 1, early MIS 3, MIS 5) Nothofagus-dominated forest covered the area in association with Microlaena spp grasses. Lowering of treeline altitude during glacial/stadial periods (MIS 2, MIS 3, MIS 5b, late MIS 6) led to reduction in forest cover and a mosaic of shrubs and Chionochloa spp, Festuca spp and Poa spp tussock grasses. Comparison of interfluve and gully records showed spatial heterogeneity in vegetation cover possibly related to environmental gradients of exposure or soil moisture. A post-KOT peak in gully tree phytoliths corresponds to the eLGM interstadial, and a shift to grass-dominated vegetation occurred during the LGM sensu stricto. Diatoms indicated the site became considerably wetter from ca. 36 ka, with peak wetness at ca. 30, 25 and 21 ka, possibly due to reduced evapotranspiration and/or increased precipitation from a combination of strengthened westerly winds and increased cloudiness, or strengthened southerly flow and increased precipitation. Human influence after ca. 750 yr BP led to re-establishment of grassland in the area, which deposited phytoliths mixed to 30 cm depth in the soil. A coupled gully colluvial infilling/vegetation record showed that sediment flux during the late Pleistocene was ~0.0019 m³ m⁻¹ yr⁻¹ under a shrubland/grassland mosaic, and Holocene sediment flux was ~0.0034 m³ m⁻¹ yr⁻¹ under forest. This increase of 60% through the last glacial-interglacial transition resulted from increased bioturbation and down-slope soil transport via root growth and treethrow, which formed a biomantle as evidenced by slope redistribution of the KOT. These results contrast with sediment transport rates and processes hypothesised to occur contemporaneously in adjacent mountain catchments. This suggests that intraregional biogeomorphic processes can differ significantly depending on topography and geological substrate, with different landscapes responding in unique ways to the same climate shifts. Analysis of Quaternary terrestrial landscape evolution in non-glaciated mountainous and lowland areas must therefore consider spatial and temporal heterogeneity in sediment fluxes and underlying transport processes.
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Books on the topic "Complexes (Stratigraphy) New Zealand"

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Moore, P. R. Stratigraphy, composition, and environment of deposition of the Whangai Formation and associated Late Cretaceous-Paleocene rocks, eastern North Island, New Zealand. Lower Hutt: New Zealand Dept. of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1988.

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Moore, P. R. Stratigraphy, composition, and environment of deposition of the Whangai Formation and associated Late Cretaceous-Paleocene rocks, eastern North Island, New Zealand. Lower Hutt, N.Z: New Zealand Geological Survey, 1988.

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A, Barrell D. J., and Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences Limited., eds. Quaternary stratigraphy of the Lower Taieri Plain, Otago, New Zealand. Lower Hutt, N.Z: Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences Limited, 1999.

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Erdman, Craig Fraser. Plio-Pleistocene stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of the northern Ohara Depression-Wakarara Range, North Island, New Zealand. 1990.

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Quaternary stratigraphy of Asia and the Pacific, IGCP 296 (1989): China, Malaysia, Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Republic of Korea, Viet Nam, Australia, and New Zealand. New York: United Nations, 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Complexes (Stratigraphy) New Zealand"

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Skipp, R. A., and R. N. Watson. "Disease Complexes in New Zealand Pastures." In ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Books, 429–51. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1996.pastureforagecroppathol.c25.

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Pillans, Brad. "Quaternary Stratigraphy of Whanganui Basin—A Globally Significant Archive." In Landscape and Quaternary Environmental Change in New Zealand, 141–70. Paris: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6239-237-3_4.

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Retallack, G. J. "Triassic Vegetation and Geography of the New Zealand Portion of the Gondwana Supercontinent." In Gondwana Six: Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, and Paleontology, 29–39. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm041p0029.

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Caron, Vincent, Campbell S. Nelson, and Peter J. J. Kamp. "Linkages Between Tapho-Diagenesis and Sequence Stratigraphy in Cool-Water Limestones from a Pliocene Forearc Seaway, New Zealand." In Linking Diagenesis to Sequence Stratigraphy, 445–75. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118485347.ch18.

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Schakau, Barbara. "Stratigraphy of the fossil Chironomidae (Diptera) from Lake Grasmere, South Island, New Zealand, during the last 6000 years." In Environmental History and Palaeolimnology, 213–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3592-4_28.

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KING, PETER R., GREG H. BROWNE, ROGER M. SLATT, Rob B. Kirk, and Douglas W. Jordan. "Sequence Architecture of Exposed Late Miocene Basin Floor Fan and Channel-Levee Complexes (Mount Messenger Formation), Taranaki Basin, New Zealand." In Submarine Fans and Turbidite Systems: Sequence Stratigraphy, Reservoir Architecture and Production Characteristics, Gulf of Mexico and International: 15th Annual, 177–92. SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC PALEONTOLOGISTS AND MINERALOGISTS, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.5724/gcs.94.15.0177.

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"Chapter 6 New Zealand." In Developments in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, 61–66. Elsevier, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5446(08)70041-4.

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Campbell, H. J. "The marine Permian of New Zealand." In Developments in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, 111–25. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5446(00)80008-4.

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Hoskins, R. H., and H. E. G. Morgans. "The Main Reference Section for the Eocene/Oligocene Boundary in New Zealand." In Developments in Palaeontology and Stratigraphy, 161–64. Elsevier, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5446(08)70114-6.

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Bache, François, Vaughan Stagpoole, and Rupert Sutherland. "Seismic Stratigraphy of the Reinga Basin, Northwest New Zealand: Tectonic and Petroleum Implications." In New Understanding of the Petroleum Systems of Continental Margins of the World: 32nd Annual, 221–52. SOCIETY OF ECONOMIC PALEONTOLOGISTS AND MINERALOGISTS, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5724/gcs.12.32.0221.

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Conference papers on the topic "Complexes (Stratigraphy) New Zealand"

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D'Mello, Nessa, Teresa Ubide Garralda, Georg Florian Zellmer, Jonathan Procter, Gabor Kereszturi, and John Caulfield. "Crystal Stratigraphy of Taranaki Lavas, New Zealand." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.506.

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Kalid, Nur Zulfa Abdul, and Umar Hamzah. "Sequence stratigraphy of the Miocene, Pohokura field, Taranaki Basin, New Zealand." In THE 2014 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2014 Postgraduate Colloquium. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4895277.

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Almasgari, Abd Alsalam Abduh Saeed, and Umar Hamzah. "Sequence stratigraphy of the pliocene deposits, Central Taranaki Basin, New Zealand." In THE 2016 UKM FST POSTGRADUATE COLLOQUIUM: Proceedings of the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Faculty of Science and Technology 2016 Postgraduate Colloquium. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4966839.

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Pippenger, Kate, Samuel J. Hampton, and Darren Gravely. "STRATIGRAPHIC, TEXTURAL, AND GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF A PYROCLASTIC DENSITY CURRENT DEPOSIT IN THE AKAROA VOLCANIC COMPLEX, NEW ZEALAND." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-340315.

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Grande, Alexandra, and Samuel J. Hampton. "DEVELOPING NEW METHODS FOR STUDYING THE GROWTH OF VOLCANIC COMPLEXES: AKAROA VOLCANIC COMPLEX, BANKS PENINSULA, NEW ZEALAND." In GSA Annual Meeting in Phoenix, Arizona, USA - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019am-335811.

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Van Dam, Remke L., Scott L. Nichol, Paul C. Augustinus, Kevin E. Parnell, Peter L. Hosking, and Roger F. McLean. "Radar stratigraphy of large active dunes on a coastal spit, Parengarenga Harbour, New Zealand: A first assessment." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2002. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1816962.

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Shpansky, A. V. "FAUNAL COMPLEXES OF LARGE MAMMALS OF THE MIDDLE–LATE NEOPLEISTOCENE OF WESTERN SIBERIA: A NEW VIEW ON BIOSTRATIGRAPHY." In PALEONTOLOGY, STRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE MESOZOIC AND CENOZOIC IN BOREAL REGIONS. Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics (SB RAS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18303/b978-5-4262-0104-0-432.

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Dougherty, Amy J., and Scott L. Nichol. "Detailed 3-D Models of New Zealand Barrier Stratigraphy Provide Insight into Coastal Evolution in Various Spatial and Temporal Settings." In Sixth International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Process. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)150.

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Nguyen, T., J. Bourget, and V. Paumard. "Quantitative Seismic Stratigraphy of the Great South Basin, New Zealand: Predicting Shallow and Deep Marine Reservoirs from Shelf-Margin Architecture." In 2nd EAGE Conference on Reservoir Geoscience. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201977073.

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Noskov, Oleksii Viktorovych, Serhii Mykhailovych Levoniuk, and Mykyta Leonidovych Myrontsov. "Creation of Geological 3D-Model of Komyshnianske Field Based on the Sequence Stratigraphy Principles." In SPE Eastern Europe Subsurface Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208507-ms.

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Abstract Currently, the sequence-stratigraphic section dismemberment is only being implemented in Ukraine, so this article is highly relevant. The authors created geological 3D model of Komyshnianske gas condensate field based on sequence-stratigraphic section dismemberment for the first time at this area. This approach is effective for the following conditions:-insufficient field geological study;-thickness of productive horizons does not reach the seismic resolution boundaries;-no significant difference in impedance values on reflection horizons. The selected technique includes the following stages:-field geological study, facies analysis (integration of well geophysical complexes, cores);-deduction and correlation of sequence boundaries;-construction of discrete log, which corresponds to specific sequences distribution;-conducting seismic interpretation of the 3D seismic survey study of research area;-construction of a structural framework with the involvement of correlated sequences boundaries;-comparison of volume seismic attributes with selected sequences distribution. A geological 3D model of Komyshnianske gas condensate field was created based on sequence-stratigraphic principles. During the research, a geological structure of field was analyzed, the separated conditions of sedimentation (sequences) were deducted and interpreted. During the seismic interpretation of 3D seismic survey of study area, local features of wave field were identified, their reflection in the core material was found and linked to the concept of changing sedimentation conditions. With a general understanding of the material transportation and accommodation direction, used method allows to qualitatively outline the distribution boundaries of sedimentation certain conditions and predict their development outside the study area. Construction of facies discrete log and their distribution in the seismic field allows grouping thin bed layers of collectors to reach the seismic resolution and use them to predict the distribution of facies associated with changes in the rocks reservoir properties (tracking beach facies of deltas/avandeltas, sloping sediments, etc.). The constructed model could be used as a trend for reservoir distribution at the stage of construction of static geological model. Involvement of sequence-stratigraphy technique is new approach to sedimentation conditions study within Dnipro-Donetsk depression (DDD) areas. The paper shows that provided methodology gives:-improved geological understanding of field through sedimentation analysis and facies logging;-trends for reservoir properties distribution with the involvement of construction facies volumes;-proposals for further field E&D. The general provisions under conditions of geological materials sufficient base can be applied to other DDD areas, especially in pre-border zones. Involvement of sequence-stratigraphy technique is new approach for sedimentation conditions study within Dnipro-Donetsk depression (DDD) area. On the example of Komyshnianske gas condensate field, the article shows that provided methodology gives:-improved geological understanding of field through sedimentation analysis and facies logging;-trends for reservoir properties propagation with the involvement of seismic volume studies;-propositions for further field Exploration & Development.
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