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Academic literature on the topic 'Complexes récepteur-ligand – Analyse'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Complexes récepteur-ligand – Analyse"
Karaboga, Arnaud Sinan. "Analyse structurale des récepteurs nucléaires LXR et PPAR : étude des interactions ligand-récepteur dans le but de concevoir de nouveaux principes actifs." Strasbourg, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STR13260.
Full textNuclear receptors constitute a superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. The aim of this work is to design new active compounds for the LXR and PPAR targets involved in metabolic disorders such as the atherosclerosis and the type II diabetes, respectively. The structural analysis of the crystallographic data related to LXR complexes highlights the flexibility of its ligand binding pocket: an Induced-Fit mechanism allows an adaptation of the pocket around the ligand. A second analysis on epoxycholesterol analogs revealed the importance of the ligand chemical function interacting with the activation helix H12. This knowledge was exploited in the research program of a new chemical series known as Indolines. This family of ligands have a promising agonistic activity profile on both LXRα and LXRβ and are tested in the pre-clinical trials. Our LXRα/β isoforms selectivity analysis stimulated a site-directed mutagenesis study in order to validate our hypothesis on the selectivity mechanism of the Indolines ligands and their positioning in the binding cavity. PPAR exists under three different isoforms named α, δ and γ. The analysis of the crystallographic 3D structures revealed in all complexes a large pocket and a common anchoring mode for the majority of the PPAR ligands. In addition, determination of the PPARα structure in complex with the fenofibric acid exhibits a new cavity occupation compared to the other PPAR structures. Based on this original positioning, the Structure Activity Relationship of the fenofibric acid structural analogs gives insights that help to understand the selectivity of these ligands against the three PPAR isoforms and hightlights novel analogs with increased potency compared to fenofibric acid. Some of these ligands present a dual or pan activity profiles against PPAR. In silico study combined with crystallographic data for a new chemical series named LFpetit revealed ligands with a different positioning in the three PPAR isoforms and with dual or pan activity profiles against PPAR. Some LFpetit derivatives are in pre-clinical trials
Lamour, François. "Analyse de l'interaction entre le récepteur humain de l'acide rétinoïque-[alpha] et ses ligands agonistes et antagonistes par mutagénèse dirigée et délétion." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10021.
Full textRonin, Céline. "Approche de génomique structurale sur la famille des récepteurs nucléaires de Schistosoma mansoni." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2010/RONIN_Celine_2010.pdf.
Full textSchistosomiasis is a neglected disease caused by parasitic worms. Among human parasitic illnesses, it ranks second after malaria with more than 200 million people infected worldwide. Praziquantel is the only drug used to treat diagnosed people, no preventive drug or vaccine being available. Progressive emergence of praziquantel resistant strains is thought to become an additional threat for the populations at risk. These facts stress for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Scientific efforts to better understand the parasite’s biology and hostparasite interactions should contribute to the development of new drugs and/or vaccines. Recently, homologues of nuclear receptors – known in vertebrates and invertebrates to play key developmental and physiological functions – were found in schistosomes. Druggable for the most part, this class of receptors may represent interesting targets to fight schistosomiasis. The goal of my thesis work was to study with a genomic structural approach Schistosoma mansoni nuclear receptors (SmNRs) at the atomic level to get insights into : the natural modulators for several members of this family, the mechanism of action allowing signal transduction in cells and the druggability of SmNRs. The coding sequences of seven SmNRs were available in the laboratory and used for this study. With the determination of the first three-dimensional structure of the SmRXR1 ligand-binding domain (homologue 1 of the mammalian retinoid X receptor), this work unveiled interesting homologies and differences in the mechanism of action of SmNRs and paves the way towards the design of small molecules/modulators to be used as exploratory tools to dissect the physiological functions of SmNRs
Eberhardt, Jérôme. "Etude de la dynamique structurale du domaine de liaison au ligand de RXRα et implication de la phosphorylation dans la transcription." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ118/document.
Full textMany studies reveal that the ligand binding domain of RXRα is very dynamic, still even in a presence of an agonist ligand. Therefore, the availability of experimental data (HDX, NMR and X-ray) on the domain was used as a leverage in order to set up a protocol, based on accelerated molecular dynamics, to explore its conformational dynamic and to validate it. This protocol was applied to understand the influence of the pSer260 phosphorylation, closed to the binding surface of coactivator proteins and implied in the hepatocellular carcinoma growth, on its structure and its dynamic. At the same time, a dimensional reduction method was developed to analyse long molecular dynamic trajectories. Thus, with this approach, we identified a couple of new alternative and stable conformations of the ligand binding domain of RXRα
Casiraghi, Marina. "Functional modulation of a G protein-coupled receptor conformational landscape in a lipid bilayer." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC138/document.
Full textG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of integral membrane protein receptors present in most eukaryotic cells. They play a key role in signal transduction and understanding their signalling mechanism represents one of the main issues in biology today. In the characterization of the energy landscape of these receptors, at the atomic scale, X-ray crystal atomic structures published during the last decade represent the major breakthrough and contribution in the structural biology of GPCRs. They represent a precious starting point in the understanding of the mechanism of signal transduction by placing structures in the conformational ensemble of these receptors along the activation pathway. To complete these static snapshots that correspond to low energy and highly populated states, a characterization of the whole conformational ensemble and associated kinetic barriers is fundamental to complete the picture. To this aim we proposed an innovative approach to observe GPCRs dynamic conformational landscape and how it is modulated by ligands and lipids, that are known to play a key role in membrane protein structures and functions (e.g.). One of the most appropriate tool to explore GPCR kinetic barriers is solution state NMR. To do so, we used 13CH3 probes immersed in a perdeuterated environment, the most appropriate isotope-labelling scheme to investigate conformational landscapes of large proteins or protein complexes with this spectroscopy. We chose Escherichia coli as expression system for its ability to grow in very hostile conditions like 100%-D2O solutions. In order to overcome the usual expression issues concerning GPCRs, we applied an innovative protocol which targets the expression directly to inclusion bodies. This allows the production of high amounts of proteins (up to 6 mg/litre of culture of pure 13CH3-u-2H-GPCRs). Once purified, receptors are folded in amphipols and then transferred to nanometric lipid bilayers or nanodiscs. Importantly quantitative pharmacological measurements indicate that receptors embedded in NLBs following this protocol are stable and fully active in the conditions of the NMR experiments. NMR investigation of a GPCR in a NLB gave rise to a resolution never achieved in the field thanks to a fine tuned biochemistry and a perdeuteration of the receptor. According to our data, the prototypical receptor, the leukotriene B4 receptor (BLT2), is able to explore multiple different conformations, even in the unliganded state, including the active state. This conformational landscape is further modulated by ligands and lipids. In particular, we observed that an increment in the sterol content of the membrane modifies the distribution of the different conformational states of the receptor in favour of the active one, indicating a positive allosteric regulation of the sterol on the activation of this receptor, as confirmed by GTP-to-G protein binding measurements. This property of the sterol is likely important for the control of the signalling properties of GPCRs