Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Complexe vagal'
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Rouquet, Thais. "Caractérisation des effets centraux de la metformine sur des modèles murins sains ou obèses et diabétiques." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4378.
Full textMetformin, an antidiabetic compound, still remains a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes. The mechanisms by which this compound exerts its antihyperglycemic effect are increasingly documented. However, its anorectic action and central targets remain less studied. Furthermore, increasing data in the literature suggest that physical activity, commonly associated with anti-obesity and anti-diabetic therapies, may increase neural networks’ sensitivity to endogenous signals involved in food intake and body weight control. This suggests that the efficacy of therapies inducing expression modulation of these signals may be directly enhanced by physical activity. In the present study, we sought i) to explore the central effects of metformin in mice and, ii) determine whether physical activity could potentiate the effects of metformin. All my work, in partnership with the company BIOMEOSTASIS brought new elements about mechanisms involved in the central effects of metformin and identified nesfatin-1 as a potential actor for the anorectic effects of this compound
Liu, Xinhuai. "Effets de la substance p et du glutamate au niveau du complexe vagal dorsal." Aix-Marseille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX22041.
Full textSiaud, Philippe. "Etude morphologique et fonctionnelle des interconnexions entre l'hypothalamus et le complexe vagal dorsal du bulbe." Montpellier 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989MON20090.
Full textBlondeau, Claude. "Distribution des récepteurs aux neurokinines dans le complexe vagal dorsal chez le rat : implications fonctionnelles." Aix-Marseille 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX11046.
Full textDerghal, Adel. "Etude du rôle des microARN dans la régulation du système mélanocortinergique : implication dans le contrôle central de l'homéostasie énergétique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4334.
Full textThe central control of energy balance involves a highly regulated neuronal network within the hypothalamus and the dorsal vagal complex (DVC). In these structures, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons are known to reduce meal size and to increase energy expenditure. Thus, leptin, a peripheral signal that relays information regarding body fat content, modulates the activity of POMC neurons. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs of 22-26 nucleotides that post-transcriptionally interfere with target gene expression by binding to their mRNAs. To date, the role of the miRNAs in the control of energy balance remains to be clarified. In this context, we developed a transgenic mouse model with a deletion of the miRNA processing enzyme DICER specifically in POMC cells. Conditional deletion of Dicer in POMC cells leads to an increase in hypothalamic leptin sensitivity. These results suggest an important role of miRNAs in the leptin-dependent POMC neuron activity. Next, we identified and characterized the miRNAs that potentially target POMC mRNA. After the selection of miRNA of interest by in silico approach, we observed that miR-383, miR-384-3p, and miR-488 expressions were up-regulated in the hypothalamus of leptin deficient ob/ob mice. In accordance with these observations, we showed that miR-383, miR-384-3p and miR-488 were also increased in db/db mice that exhibit a non-functional leptin receptor. The intraperitoneal injection of leptin down-regulated the expression of these miRNAs of interest in the hypothalamus of ob/ob mice, thus showing the involvement of leptin in the expression of miR-383, miR-384-3p and miR-488
Bonnet, Marion. "Implication des neurones exprimant NUCB2/nesfatine-1 dans la régulation de l'homéostasie énergétique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4310/document.
Full textThe long term maintenance of body weight results from a balance between energy expenditure and intake. This balance, called “energy homeostasis”, involves a large number of molecules. Among these, nesfatin-1, discovered in 2006, is an 82 amino-acid peptide derived from the cleavage of the protein NUCB2. The interest generated by nesfatin-1 lies in its anorexigenic effect performed independently of leptin signalization. Nesfatin-1 is expressed in several organs such as adipose tissue, stomach, pancreas, and brain. In the brain, its expression is limited to a few neuronal groups located in the hypothalamus and dorsal vagal complex. In this work, we analyzed the sensitivity of NUCB2/nesfatin-1-expressing neurons to physiological and physiopathological peripheral signals affecting food intake. We show that these neurons are sensitive to hypoglycemia and that they could contribute to the counter-regulatory response established in order to restore the basal blood glucose level. Moreover, we show that they are activated in response to two inflammatory stimuli: lipopolysaccharide administration and food intoxication with a mycotoxin named deoxynivalenol. So, NUCB2/nesfatin-1-expressing neurons could contribute to the development of inflammatory anorexia. This study was the first evidence of an involvement of this peptide in a pathological situation. Taken together, these results suggest that in addition to its satiating effect, nesfatin-1 participates in the central signalization involved in glucodetection and inflammatory responses
Dupin, Alice. "Insular Cortex neurons projecting to the vagal complex : characterization and roles in behavior and inflammation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS192.
Full textBrain-body interactions are crucial for organisms survival; the brain constantly receives external and internal information that it integrates to regulate various physiological function. Notably, the nervous system closely interacts with the immune system. In the case of inflammation, the brain's features enable an optimized regulation of immune responses. These features include the brain's ability to sense environmental cues, anticipate outcomes, and transmit signals rapidly through an extensive network of neurons innervating the entire body within milliseconds. The vagus nerve, linking the brain to visceral organs, is an important support of this bidirectional communication. It is composed of sensory and motor branches. Sensory afferences carry peripheral information to the vagal complex in the brain which transmits the signals to deeper brain structures, while motor efferences mediate the generated responses to targeted organs.In processing internal information, the insular cortex emerges as a critical multimodal hub. As a sensory cortex, it receives various inputs from external-sensing systems such as somatosensory, and olfactory cortices, while also being densely interconnected with regions processing internal cues such as inflammatory threats, such as the vagal complex. This allows the insular cortex to integrate exteroceptive and interoceptive information and play a pivotal role in the salience network. Within the organism, it can optimize responses to specific situations by regulating cardiac or intestinal activity, as well as immune responses, but the underlying circuits are poorly understood. Given the role played by the vagus nerve in transmitting information between the brain and the periphery, along with the presence of projections from the insular cortex to the vagal complex (InsCtxVC), we hypothesize that some of the insular cortex functions are mediated through the vagus nerve.To investigate the role of InsCtxVC, we first characterized these neurons anatomically using viral retrograde labeling. We found that InsCtxVC are predominantly located within the posterior-intermerdiate InsCtx, mainly in layer V, and express CTIP, a downstream effector of the Fezf2 pathway. Next, we examined the connectivity of these neurons using viral labeling of outputs and inputs. Our experiments revealed that within the vagal complex, InsCtxVC neurons preferentially synapse with the medial NTS (rather than caudal NTS or DMN), and the central amygdala and parasubthalamic nucleus. Additionally, we analyzed their presynaptic inputs, highlighting a predominant innervation from sensory cortices including the insula itself, the somatosensory and olfactory cortices. Based on our anatomical findings and existing litterature, we screened various contexts likely to recruit the InsCtxVC. Through specific chemogenetic and optogenetic manipulation of these neurons, we found that InsCtxVC are not involved in anxiety behaviors or neuroimmune conditionned taste aversion. However, chemogenetic activation of InsCtxVC neurons during early LPS-induced inflammation exacerbates sickness behavior, including increased weight loss, elevated blood proinflammatory cytokines and corticosterone response. Taken together, our results characterize a previsouly undefined neuronal population linking the insular cortex to a major parasympathetic center, which regulates immune responses in the periphery
Bariohay, Bruno. "Implication du Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) au niveau du Complexe Vagal Dorsal (CVD) dans le contrôle de la prise alimentaire." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30018.
Full textBDNF has been implicated as an anorexigenic factor in the central regulation of food intake. In the present work, we identify the DVC as a key site where BDNF plays its anorexigenic role, downstream of melanocortinergic signalling. In the adult rat, we show that central application of exogenous BDNF at the DVC level induces anorexia and body weight loss, whereas endogenous BDNF protein content in the DVC is modulated in a manner consistent with an anorexigenic role, during the dark/light cycle, as well as following experimental paradigms affecting nutritional status or implying leptin, CCK or ghrelin treatments. In addition, we show that 4th ventricle administration of agonists or antagonists for type 3/4 melanocortinergic receptors (MC3/4R) induces respectively an increase and a decrease in BDNF protein content, whereas the orexigenic effects of the MC3/4R antagonist are blocked by a co-treatment with exogenous BDNF
Charrier, Céline. "Mise en évidence de cellules-souches neurales dans le complexe vagal dorsal de rongeur adulte et recherche de leurs facteurs de contrôle." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30063.
Full textThe dorsal vagal complex (DVC) is a neurovegetative cerebral center displaying plasticity and neurogenesis in adult rat. In vivo, I have demonstrated occurrence of proliferative cells within DVC by Ki-67 immunohistochemistry and by D-cyclin western-blot. In vitro, in primary cultures from microdissected DVC, I have generated neurospheres showing self-renewal and containing neuronal and glial cells. Therefore adult rat DVC does contain neural stem cells. I have looked for extracellular regulators of DVC stem cells through two approaches. In vivo, lesion-induced proliferative stimulation in DVC was correlated, by RT-PCR and by DNA microarray, with transcriptional induction of two mitogens: the growth factors EGF and BDNF. In vitro, neural stem cell proliferation was inhibited by the anorexigenic hormone leptin. These cellular neurobiology data bring about novel vistas about integrative processes in autonomic neurosciences
Rachidi, Fatima. "Effets du stress d’immobilisation sur la neurogenèse et les neuropeptides contrôlant la prise alimentaire dans le complexe vagal dorsal chez le rat adulte." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX30015.
Full textImmobilization stress (IS) elicits feeding inhibition. Food intake is regulated by the dorsal vagal complex (DVC) and the hypothalamus. The DVC emerged as a novel focus of adult neurogenesis, the role of which is unknown. I have investigated the effect of chronic IS (3 weeks) on DVC neurogenesis by means of in vivo BrdU incorporation in brain, by using double immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy. I have shown that IS inhibits adult neurogenesis by 40% in DVC and stimulates it by 200% in olfactory bulb. It suggests that DVC neurogenesis plays a specific role in long-term food intake regulation. I have then characterized the effect of IS on expression of the key messengers regulating food intake in DVC and hypothalamus, by means of ELISA or RT-PCR on tissular extracts. NPY, AgRP, CART, POMC are significantly induced by acute IS. These results contribute to neurobiology of nutrition and of DVC
Mahaut, Stéphanie. "Mode d'action des messagers de la famille du neuropeptide Y dans le complexe vagal dorsal de rat en relation avec la régulation de la prise alimentaire." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX30051.
Full textThe neurotransmitter Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and the hormones Pancreatic Polypeptidc (PP) and Peplide YY [3-36] (PYY 3-36) are related messengers (Y-peptides family) that exert mighty control on feeding behavior. The dorsal vagal complex (DVC) is the reflex centre of satiety, i. E. The major short-term feedback m food intake regulation. The DVC contains a high concentration of Y peptide receptors, including a recently identified subtype which is not expressed in hypothalamus, i. E. The major centre of long-term food intake regulation. I have first updated the distribution of all Y receptor subtypes in DVC, by radioactive ligand binding and autoradiography on rat brainstem sections. In order to evaluate their possible involvemeni in food intake regulation, I have assessed the effect of two well-characterized nutritional adaptations on these receptor distributions. Fasting and inflammatory anorexia both decreased tissue concentrations of Yx and Y2 binding sites in area postrema. Endogenous ligands of these receptors being respectively PP and PYY 3-36, I have addressed in vivo whether injection of these peptides in the IVth ventricle, i. E. In the vicinity of DVC, or in periphery would modulate food intake and/or DVC concentration of the anorexigenic mediator Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNI7). My results bring out progress for both NPY pharmacology and DVC specific role in central integration of food intake regulatory agents
Taniguchi, Keila Tomoko Higa. "Modulação autônoma da resposta taquicárdica do exercício pela ocitocina endógena no complexo solitário vagal em ratos sedentários e treinados, normotensos e hipertensos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/42/42137/tde-15092008-115546/.
Full textUsing Spectral Analysis (FFT) to quantify the autonomic variability in intact animal, we analyzed blood pressure, pulse interval (PI) and blood flow at rest and during exercise, in normotensive (WKY) and hypertensive (SHR) rats, sedentary (S) or trained (T), after solitary vagal complex (NTS/DMV) pre-treatment with vehicle and oxytocin antagonist (OTant). The main changes were related to heart rate (HR) and PI: rest bradycardia in WKYT and SHRT; increased exercise tachycardia after OTant only in WKYT. At rest, SHR presented a fall of in PI variance with decreased low (LF-simpathetic) and high (HF-vagal) frequencies components that were normalized by T. During exercise, the spectral components decreased in the experimental groups, except HF unchanged in WKYT. OTant into the NTS/DMV reduced the HF of the SHRT at rest and exercise; the absence of the fall in HF of WKYT was abolished. Results indicate the importance of oxytocin acting on vagus in the modulation of basal HR and exercise tachycardia only in T rats.
Bach, Eva C. "NMDA RECEPTORS IN THE DORSAL VAGAL COMPLEX OF NORMAL AND DIABETIC MICE." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/physiology_etds/14.
Full textLadic, Lance Anthony. "Anatomical evidence for volume transmission in the dorsal vagal complex of the rat." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq25084.pdf.
Full textTian, Song. "Electrophysiological and cardiovascular actions of oxytocin and neurotensin in rat dorsal vagal complex." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361185.
Full textAshur, Fathia Mahmud. "An immunohistochemical study of P2X receptor subunits in the dorsal vagal complex of the rat." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438473.
Full textVaranasi, Sridhar. "TRH and Serotonin in the Dorsal Vagal Complex : actions and interactions to control Vagus Mediated Gastric Functions /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486474078050042.
Full textTolchard, Stephen. "Neuropeptide innervation of the dorsal vagal complex with special reference to the actions of oxytocin in the female rat." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358792.
Full textEmch, Gregory Simon. "EFFECTS OF TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA ON DORSAL VAGAL COMPLEX NEURONS THAT EXERT REFLEX CONTROL OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1018475175.
Full textRoux, Julien. "Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) et système endocannabinoïde au niveau du complexe vagual dorsal (CVD) : implication dans le contrôle dela prise alimentaire." Aix-Marseille 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX30065.
Full textBDNF/TrkB signaling and the endocannabinoid system play respectively an anorexigenic and orexigenic role in the central control of food intake. The ventromedical hypothalamus has been identified as a site wher BDNF plays its anorexigenic role, as a downstream effector of melanocortinergic signaling. .
HUI, KOU HSIAO, and 郭曉慧. "c-Fos expression in brain stem after direct endotoxin injection into the dorsal vagal complex of rat." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60516468134549240843.
Full text國立臺灣大學
口腔生物科學研究所
91
Inflammatory reactions against invaders in the body call upon cytokine molecules that elicit systemic responses, such as fever, fatigue, increased pain sensitivity and appetite loss, mediated by the central nervous system. For example, systematic invasion of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) , a bacterial endotaxin, produced severe pathological responses in host through the humoral actions of the immune factors (e.g. TNF-α, IL-1). The present study investigated whether the distribution and/or intensity of immunolabeling for Fos in the barin stem differ after imposition of endotoxin of variable doses. Vehicle (0.9% NaCl) or different doses of LPS (42 ng, 56 ng, 70 ng, 140 ng in 0.9% NaCl) were delivered directly into the DVC of adult male Wistar rat. In order to identify some of the molecular mechanisms that occur after a central nervous system injection, the immediate early gene encoding protein Fos was analysed by immunocytochemistry following unilateral (left) vehicle or LPS injection (controls or 30 min, 1h, 2h LPS post-injection). In the section of Interaural -4.80 mm,Bregma -13.80 mm, c-Fos proteins were induced in AP and bilateral NTS at 30 min post-LPS-injection (70 ng, 140 ng in 0.9% NaCl), massively expressed at 2 h post- LPS-injection. In the section of Interaural -0.80 mm, Bregma -9.80 mm, Fos proteins were induced in locus coeruleus, Nucleus Raphe Magnus and lateral superior olivary complex at post-LPS-injection more than control. These data indicated that LPS injection into the dosal vagal complex leads to a rapid and widespread induction of c-Fos. The alterations in immediate early gene (c-Fos proteins) expression reported here may be due to changes in neuronal activity by endotoxin.
"Rapid inhibition of neural excitability in the rat dorsal vagal complex by leptin: Implications for ingestive behaviour." Tulane University, 2006.
Find full textacase@tulane.edu
Seutemann, Frauke. "Verlauf der Stressreagibilität bei Patientinnen mit komplexen Traumafolgestörungen." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/21.11130/00-1735-0000-0005-1512-F.
Full textKatsouras, Grigorios. "Differences in atrial fibrillation properties under vagal nerve stimulation versus atrial tachycardia remodeling." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4122.
Full textBackground: Vagal nerve stimulation (VS) and atrial tachycardia remodeled (ATR) atrial fibrillation (AF) substrates share many features: reduced effective refractory period (ERP), increased ERP heterogeneity and some common molecular mechanisms. This study compared VS and ATR substrates at comparable ERP abbreviation. Methods: In each of 6 VS dogs, bilateral cervical VS parameters were adjusted to produce the same mean ERP as a sex and weight matched ATR dog. Electrophysiological parameters, mean duration of AF (DAF) and local dominant frequencies (DF) were determined (before (CTL) and after VS in VS dogs). Results: Despite matched ERPs (VG: 80±12msec vs ATR: 79±12msec) DAF was greater (*), conduction heterogeneity was greater (*), DF was faster (*) and DF variability greater (*) in VS dogs. AF drivers reflected by maximum DF zones were adjacent to autonomic ganglia in VS dogs; there was a tendency (p<0.07) to faster driver zones in the left atrium comparing to the right in ATR dogs. Conclusions: For a comparable atrial ERP, VS AF is faster and more persistent than AF with an ATR substrate. These results are consistent with modeling work suggesting that VS-induced hyperpolarization is an important contributor to AF-maintaining rotor stabilization and acceleration. Similarities in DF distribution in VS dogs with distribution of ablation lesions performed after Complex Fractionated Atrial Electrograms mapping suggests new curative ablation methods. DF distribution differences between VS and ATR provides new ideas about possible neuroreceptorial remodeling and indicates important differences between these superficially similar AF substrates.