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Journal articles on the topic 'Complex Structural Models'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Dupont, B., E. Pillet, and S. Cogan. "Superelement Verification in Complex Structural Models." Shock and Vibration 15, no. 3-4 (2008): 369–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/237124.

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The objective of this article is to propose decision indicators to guide the analyst in the optimal definition of an ensemble of superelements in a complex structural assembly. These indicators are constructed based on comparisons between the unreduced physical model and the approximate solution provided by a nominally reduced superelement model. First, the low contribution substructure slave modes are filtered. Then, the minimum dynamical residual expansion is used to localize the superelements which are the most responsible for the response prediction errors. Moreover, it is shown that static residual vectors, which are a natural result of these calculations, can be included to represent the contribution of important truncated slave modes and consequently correct the deficient superelements. The proposed methodology is illustrated on a subassembly of an aeroengine model.

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2

Capiluppi, Marta, and Marcel Staroswiecki. "FROM STRUCTURAL TO FUNCTIONAL MODELS OF COMPLEX SYSTEMS." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 39, no. 13 (2006): 1276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20060829-4-cn-2909.00213.

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3

DUCROT, ARNAUD. "STRUCTURAL STABILITY OF COMBUSTION MODELS WITH COMPLEX CHEMISTRY." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 16, no. 06 (June 2006): 793–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202506001352.

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This work is devoted to the study of semi-linear elliptic systems in unbounded cylinders with linear dependence of the components of the nonlinearity vector. We reduce the study of such a problem with non-Fredholm operator to the study of a perturbation of some reaction-diffusion operator which satisfies the Fredholm property. Then sufficient conditions that ensure the structural stability of particular solutions are given. These conditions are applied to derive some existence results for some combustion model with complex chemistry and for some KPP like system.

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4

Preacher, Kristopher J. "Testing Complex Correlational Hypotheses With Structural Equation Models." Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal 13, no. 4 (December 2006): 520–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328007sem1304_2.

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5

Wang, Chao, Li Wan, Tifan Xiong, Yuanlong Xie, Shuting Wang, Jianwan Ding, and Liping Chen. "Hierarchical Structural Analysis Method for Complex Equation-Oriented Models." Mathematics 9, no. 21 (October 21, 2021): 2660. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math9212660.

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Structural analysis is a method for verifying equation-oriented models in the design of industrial systems. Existing structural analysis methods need flattening of the hierarchical models into an equation system for analysis. However, the large-scale equations in complex models make structural analysis difficult. Aimed to address the issue, this study proposes a hierarchical structural analysis method by exploring the relationship between the singularities of the hierarchical equation-oriented model and its components. This method obtains the singularity of a hierarchical equation-oriented model by analyzing a dummy model constructed with the parts from the decomposing results of its components. Based on this, the structural singularity of a complex model can be obtained by layer-by-layer analysis according to their natural hierarchy. The hierarchical structural analysis method can reduce the equation scale in each analysis and achieve efficient structural analysis of very complex models. This method can be adaptively applied to nonlinear-algebraic and differential-algebraic equation models. The main algorithms, application cases and comparison with the existing methods are present in this paper. The complexity analysis results show the enhanced efficiency of the proposed method in the structural analysis of complex equation-oriented models. Compared with the existing methods, the time complexity of the proposed method is improved significantly.

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L.V., Ponomarova. "STRUCTURAL MODELS OF COMPLEX TERMS IN INSTITUTIONALLY LEGAL DISCOURSE." South archive (philological sciences), no. 86 (June 29, 2021): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.32999/ksu2663-2691/2021-86-5.

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Goal. The aim of the study is to identify structures typical for the speech realization of terminological compounds in the institutionally legal segment of judicial discourse. The article presents an analysis of terminological compounds of different quantitative structure.Methods. To bring the need for terminological spoluks as more detailed and unambiguous forms of the term are supplemented by advanced methods: for the definition and description of the semantic structure of the previously described terminological spheres of the methodists; spiritual and visual signs of pre-visualized structures appeared for the additional statutory method; kіlkіsny method vikoristano for the value of the frequency of implantation of terminological spoluks in the texts of the institute and legal discourse.Results. The result of the investigation was the classification of terminological compounds of institutionally legal discourse by syntactic and semantic indicators. In modern terminology, the problem of modification, loss of properties of the term as a result of convergence of terminology with common vocabulary is relevant. This convergence is especially noticeable in legal discourse, due to its proximity to everyday communication. For this reason, so-called illusion of understanding the text appears. This is especially noticeable in the use of terminological compounds, where part of them is common vocabulary. Conclusions. Given the functional approach to the definition of the term, it can be stated that multicomponent terminological compounds meet all the requirements for the term, namely, are lexicalized phrases of special function, are included in all semiotic relations, and so on. They also perform a number of other functions that are uncharacteristic of one-word terminology. The functions of multicomponent terms are determined by the needs of institutionally legal discourse, and are related to the methods of word formation, each of which affects the coherence, connectivity and other characteristics of the text. The choice of terminology allows to provide absolutely comprehensive, detailed and accurate information.Key words: terminological connection, terminological system, professional vocabulary, common vocabulary, term structure. Мета. Метою дослідження є виявлення структур, типових для мовленнєвої реалізації термінологічних сполук в інституційно-правовому сегменті юридичного дискурсу. У статті представлений аналіз термінологічних сполук різної семантичної структури.Методи. Довести необхідність термінологічних сполук як більш вичерпних та деталізованих і однозначних форм терміна допомогають такі методи: для визначення і опису семантичної структури досліджуваних термінологічних сполук використовувався структурний метод; спільні і відмінні ознаки досліджуваних структур виявлялись за допомогою зіставного методу; кількісний метод використано для визначення частотності вживання термінологічних сполук у текстах інституційно-правового дискурсу. Результати. Результатом розвідки стала класифікація термінологічних сполук інституційно-правового дискурсу за синтаксичними та семантичними показниками. У сучасній термінології виникає проблема видозмінювання, втрати властивостей терміна в результаті конвергенції термінології із загальновживаною лексикою. Ця конвергенція помітна у юридичному дискурсі через його наближеність до повсякденного спілкування. Із цієї причини виникає так звана ілюзія розуміння тексту. Висновки. Зважаючи на функціональний підхід до визначення терміна, можна констатувати, що багатокомпонентні тер-мінологічні сполуки задовольняють всім вимогам, що пред’являються до терміна. Вони також виконують ряд інших функцій, які невластиві однослівній термінології. Термінологічна сполука має чітку дефініцію та структуру, завдяки чому усувається можливість неоднозначності. Семантична структура зазначених одиниць визначається потребами інституційно-правового дискурсу і пов’язана з методами словотворення, кожен з яких впливає на зв’язність, з’єднаність й інші характеристики тексту. Ключові слова: термінологічна сполука, терміносистема, професійна лексика, загальновживана лексика, структура терміна.

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7

VILLACAMPA, Y., and J. L. USO-DOMENECH. "MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF COMPLEX STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS. A LINGUISTIC VISION." International Journal of General Systems 28, no. 1 (June 1999): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081079908935228.

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8

Autin, Ludovic, Mårten Steen, Björn Dahlbäck, and Bruno O. Villoutreix. "Proposed structural models of the prothrombinase (FXa-FVa) complex." Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics 63, no. 3 (January 25, 2006): 440–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.20848.

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9

Wilson, Sandra Jo, Joshua R. Polanin, and Mark W. Lipsey. "Fitting meta-analytic structural equation models with complex datasets." Research Synthesis Methods 7, no. 2 (June 2016): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1199.

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10

Urbina, Angel, and Thomas Paez. "Probabilistic Numerical Analysis of Large, Complex, Structural Dynamic System Models." Journal of the IEST 46, no. 1 (September 14, 2003): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.46.1.p3k33743858u56hx.

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In recent years, great progress has been made in the construction and solution of large finite element models of complex structural dynamic systems. For example, structural models with millions of degrees of freedom are being built and used to approximate responses of structural systems. Further, great progress is being made in stochastic system analysis. Techniques for the construction of stochastic system models have been developed and solution techniques proposed. However, the two areas have not been combined, on a large scale, because stochastic finite element approaches appear very intrusive in their pure form. That is, substantial modifications of deterministic finite element codes are required to accommodate stochastic analysis. In view of this, a technique that uses the techniques of stochastic finite elements in a non-intrusive manner is required. This research provides one such approach. Specifically, the problem is divided into three parts: (1) model structural dynamic excitations using traditional approaches, and model physical system randomness using techniques of stochastic finite elements, namely, the Karhunen-Loeve expansion and polynomial chaos; (2) generate stochastic structural realizations and realizations of the random excitation using a Monte Carlo approach, and analyze structural responses with parallel computation in a suitable, large-scale finite element code; and (3) analyze structural dynamic responses using the techniques of stochastic finite elements, namely, the Karhunen-Loeve expansion and polynomial chaos. This paper supplies the details of the analytical approach. A numerical example is presented.

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11

Khvorostyna, Olha. "Structural Models of Transmedia Projects in Journalism." Scientific notes of the Institute of Journalism, no. 2 (75) (2019): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2522-1272.2019.75.5.

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The transmedia projects for quality planning and implementation require well-designed, structured and interrelated content. The relevance of the study is the importance of organizing the structure of transmedia projects in journalism at the planning stage for their successful implementation. The objective of the study is to identify the qualitative differences in the structural models of transmedia projects for news content dissemination. In the article we analyze the foreign transmedia projects that cover the events and themes of the real world, and determine the defining criteria for the structure of transmedia projects in journalism. Using the modeling method (within a systematic approach), the structural models of transmedia projects were identified and a model of the complex sequential transmedia project in journalism was designed. The application models characteristics were gathered through the analysis of specific transmedia projects. The theoretical model of a simple sequential project was formed using the method of analogies: the sequential transmedia project characteristics, which cover the fictional world picture, were transferred to the sphere of journalism. The theoretical model of a complex sequential transmedia project was also designed on the basis of criteria for determining structural models of transmedia projects in journalism. The general and specific characteristics of the simple and complex models were determined using the comparison method. The generalization method was used to draw up the conclusions about the characteristics and peculiarities of using of the models of simple and complex transmedia projects in journalism. As a result of the study, the criteria for determining the structural models of transmedia projects in journalism (the number of transmedia project levels; the sequence parallel of transmedia narrative components) were revealed. Based on these criteria and modeling method, four application and two theoretical structural models of transmedia projects in journalism were obtained. The models characteristics and special aspects of their use were found out. The significance of the study is to provide the practical guidance and recommendations for the newsroom workers about the important factors and the sequence of their consideration in selecting a model for transmedia project implementation in journalism.

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12

Zhang, Dong, Enzhi Wang, and Xiaoli Liu. "Comparative Study of Lattice Boltzmann Models for Complex Fractal Geometry." Energies 14, no. 20 (October 18, 2021): 6779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14206779.

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A standard model, one of the lattice Boltzmann models for incompressible flow, is broadly applied in mesoscopic fluid with obvious compressible error. To eliminate the compressible effect and the limits in 2D problems, three different models (He-Luo model, Guo’s model, and Zhang’s model) have been proposed and tested by some benchmark questions. However, the numerical accuracy of models adopted in complex geometry and the effect of structural complexity are rarely studied. In this paper, a 2D dimensionless steady flow model is proposed and constructed by fractal geometry with different structural complexity. Poiseuille flow is first simulated to verify the code and shows good agreements with the theoretical solution, supporting further the comparative study on four models to investigate the effect of structural complexity and grid resolution, with reference results obtained by the finite element method (FEM). The work confirms the latter proposed models and effectively reduces compressible error in contrast to the standard model; however, the compressible effect still cannot be ignored in Zhang’s model. The results show that structural error has an approximately negative exponential relationship with grid resolution but an approximately linear relationship with structural complexity. The comparison also demonstrates that the He-Luo model and Guo’s model have a good performance in accuracy and stability, but the convergence rate is lower, while Zhang’s model has an advantage in the convergence rate but the computational stability is poor. The study is significant as it provides guidance and suggestions for adopting LBM to simulate incompressible flow in a complex structure.

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13

Winkler, James, Leonardo Dueñas-Osorio, Robert Stein, and Devika Subramanian. "Interface Network Models for Complex Urban Infrastructure Systems." Journal of Infrastructure Systems 17, no. 4 (December 2011): 138–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)is.1943-555x.0000068.

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14

Minati, Gianfranco. "On Modelling the Structural Quasiness of Complex Systems." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS AND CONTROL 16 (December 23, 2021): 715–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23203.2021.16.65.

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Complex systems are usually represented by invariant models which at most admit only parametric variations. This approach assumes invariant idealized simplifications to model these systems. This standard approach is considered omitting crucial features of phenomenological interaction mechanisms related to processes of emergence of such systems. The quasiness of the structural dynamics that generate emergence of complex systems is considered as the main feature. Generation achieved through prevalently coherent sequences and combinations of interactions. Quasiness (dynamics of loss and recovery, equivalences, inhomogeneity, multiplicity, non-regularity, and partiality) represents the incompleteness of the interaction mechanisms, incompleteness necessary even if not sufficient for the establishment of processes of emergence. The emergence is extinguished by completeness. Complex systems possess local coherences corresponding to the phenomenological complexity. While quasi-systems are not necessarily complex systems, complex systems are considered quasi-systems, being not always systems, not always the same system, and not only systems. It is addressed the problem of representing the quasiness of coherence (quasicoherence), such as the ability to recover and tolerate temporary levels of incoherence. The main results of the study focus on research approaches to model quasicoherence through the changing of rules in models of emergence. It is presented a version of standard analytical approaches compatible with quasiness of systemic emergence and related mathematical issues. The same approach is considered for networks, artificial neural networks, and it is introduced the concept of quasification for fixed models. Finally, it is considered that suitable representations of structural dynamics and its quasiness are needed to model, simulate, and adopt effective interventions on emergence of complex systems.

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Valerii Zavgorodnii, Anna Zavgorodnya, Vladyslav Maiko, Valerii Malikov, and Dmytro Zhuk. "METHODS AND MODELS FOR ASSESSMENT OF RELIABILITY OF STRUCTURAL-COMPLEX SYSTEMS." World Science, no. 11(39) (November 30, 2018): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ws/30112018/6227.

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The article presents the main propositions of logical-probabilistic method of analysis the assurance and enhancement of reliability of structurally complex systems, in which the structure of the system is described by means of mathematical logic and quantitative assessment of reliability is performed using probability theory. An example build script the dangerous condition and performed a quantitative investigation of the reliability of complex systems with interdependent basic events. The methods and models are implemented in a computer system that provides the ability to objectively assess the reliability and safety of structurally complex systems and solving problems of operational decision-making in complex emergencies.

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Sun, Liang, Baozhu Li, and Yong Li. "Productivity Models of Infill Complex Structural Wells in Mixed Well Patterns." Processes 7, no. 6 (May 31, 2019): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7060324.

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The mathematical models of productivity calculation for complex structural wells mainly focus on the single well or the regular well pattern. Previous research on the seepage theory of complex structural wells and vertical wells in mixed well pattern is greatly insufficient. Accordingly, this article presents a methodology of evaluating the productivity of infill complex structural wells in mixed well patterns. On the basis of the mirror-image method and source–sink theory, two semi-analytical models are established. These models are applied to the productivity prediction of an infill horizontal well inhorizontal-vertical well pattern and an infill multilateral well inmultilateral-vertical well pattern, respectively, in which the interference of other wells, the randomicity of well patterns, and the pressure drawdown along the horizontal laterals are taken into account. The semi-analytical models’ results are consistent with those calculated by the Eclipse reservoir simulator with the relative error of less than 15%. Results indicate that the bottom hole flowing pressure decreases logarithmically while the wellbore flow rate increases monotonically from the toe to the heel of the horizontal well. Due to the pseudo-hemispherical flow at each endpoint and the pseudo-linear flow at the center of the horizontal well, the drainage area at each endpoint is relatively larger than that at the center. The radial inflow at each endpoint of the horizontal segment is considerably greater than that at the center, which presents the U-shape distribution. The proposed methodology enhances and promotes the theory of productivity evaluation for complex structural wells in mixed well patterns.

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17

Williams, Richard J., and Neo D. Martinez. "Success and its limits among structural models of complex food webs." Journal of Animal Ecology 77, no. 3 (May 2008): 512–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2656.2008.01362.x.

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18

Deligey, Fabien, Sabine Bouguet-Bonnet, Abdelatif Doudouh, Pierre-Louis Marande, Dominik Schaniel, and Axel Gansmüller. "Bridging Structural and Dynamical Models of a Confined Sodium Nitroprusside Complex." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 122, no. 38 (September 4, 2018): 21883–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b05655.

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19

Bouamama, B. Ouid, E. Cherifi, M. Staroswiecki, and B. Riera. "Supervision of Complex Systems Using Functional, Structural and Bond Graph Models." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 31, no. 10 (June 1998): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)37569-9.

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HASEGAW, KYOKO, SUSUMU NAKATA, and SATOSHI TANAKA. "Meshless structural analyses of complex shape models using implicit surface representations." Journal of Plasma Physics 72, no. 06 (December 2006): 1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002237780600568x.

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21

Saura, Patricia, and Ville R. I. Kaila. "Molecular dynamics and structural models of the cyanobacterial NDH-1 complex." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1860, no. 3 (March 2019): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.11.010.

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22

Moon, Kyoung Sun. "Diagrid Structures for Complex-Shaped Tall Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1489–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1489.

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Diagrid structures are widely used for today’s tall buildings due to their distinguished architectural aesthetics in any existing urban context and structural efficiency in carrying lateral loads. With prevalent emergence of complex-shaped buildings throughout the world, this paper investigates structural efficiency of diagrid structures employed for complex-shaped tall buildings, such as twisted, tilted and freeform towers. For each complex form category, tall buildings are designed with diagrid systems, and their structural efficiency is studied in conjunction with building forms. In order to investigate the impacts of various important geometric configurations of complex-shaped tall buildings, parametric models are generated using appropriate computer programs, and the models are exported to structural engineering software for design and analyses. Based on the study results, structural efficiency of diagrids for tall buildings of each complex form category is estimated.

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Moon, Kyoung Sun. "Braced Tube Structures for Complex-Shaped Tall Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1584–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1584.

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Braced tubes, which carry lateral loads by axial actions of the perimeter columns and bracings, are very efficient structural systems for tall buildings. This paper investigates structural efficiency of braced tube structures employed for complex-shaped tall buildings, such as twisted, tilted and tapered towers. For each complex form category, tall buildings are designed with braced tube systems, and their structural efficiency is studied in conjunction with building forms. In order to investigate the impacts of various important geometric configurations of complex-shaped tall buildings, parametric models are generated using appropriate computer programs, and the models are exported to structural engineering software for design and analyses. Based on the study results, structural efficiency of braced tubes for each complex form category is estimated.

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24

Konstantinova, L. V. "University Structural Units Rankings: Models and Solutions." Vysshee Obrazovanie v Rossii = Higher Education in Russia 29, no. 8-9 (September 9, 2020): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2020-29-8-9-85-94.

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Formation of strategic management tools in Russian universities, including mechanisms for ranking the activities of structural units is an important task of the innovative development of universities.The article discusses the rating models of structural units operating in Russian universities. Based on the analysis of real practices, the university-wide models for ranking educational and scientific units are distinguished. A complex-structured rating model of all structural divisions of the university is characterized by the example of one of the leading universities. The article highlights the general characteristics of ranking models used by domestic universities. To a large extent, they concentrate around the methods of assessing the activities of organizational units that have developed in the strategic management system. They consider the achievement of indicators of the Universities Effectiveness Monitoring as the target goals to increase their competitiveness.

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Hernández, Julio A. "Reduced Dynamic Models in Epithelial Transport." Journal of Biophysics 2013 (February 28, 2013): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/654543.

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Most models developed to represent transport across epithelia assume that the cell interior constitutes a homogeneous compartment, characterized by a single concentration value of the transported species. This conception differs significantly from the current view, in which the cellular compartment is regarded as a highly crowded media of marked structural heterogeneity. Can the finding of relatively simple dynamic properties of transport processes in epithelia be compatible with this complex structural conception of the cell interior? The purpose of this work is to contribute with one simple theoretical approach to answer this question. For this, the techniques of model reduction are utilized to obtain a two-state reduced model from more complex linear models of transcellular transport with a larger number of intermediate states. In these complex models, each state corresponds to the solute concentration in an intermediate intracellular compartment. In addition, the numerical studies reveal that it is possible to approximate a general two-state model under conditions where strict reduction of the complex models cannot be performed. These results contribute with arguments to reconcile the current conception of the cell interior as a highly complex medium with the finding of relatively simple dynamic properties of transport across epithelial cells.

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Wang, Qi, Yinhe Wang, and Zilin Gao. "Initial State Causes the Structural Balance of Complex Networks With Dynamical Models." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 35245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2975047.

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27

Grundmeier, Alexander, and Holger Dau. "Structural models of the manganese complex of photosystem II and mechanistic implications." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1817, no. 1 (January 2012): 88–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2011.07.004.

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Karimi, Parvaneh, Sergey Fomel, and Rui Zhang. "Creating detailed subsurface models using predictive image-guided well-log interpolation." Interpretation 5, no. 3 (August 31, 2017): T279—T285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2016-0051.1.

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Integration of well-log data and seismic data to predict rock properties is an essential but challenging task in reservoir characterization. The standard methods commonly used to create subsurface model do not fully honor the importance of seismic reflectors and detailed structural information in guiding the spatial distribution of rock properties in the presence of complex structures, which can make these methods inaccurate. To overcome initial model accuracy limitations in structurally complex regimes, we have developed a method that uses the seismic image structures to accurately constrain the interpolation of well properties between well locations. A geologically consistent framework provides a more robust initial model that, when inverted with seismic data, delivers a highly detailed yet accurate subsurface model. An application to field data from the North Sea demonstrates the effectiveness of our method, which proves that incorporating the seismic structural framework when interpolating rock properties between wells culminates in the increased accuracy of the final inverted result compared with the standard inversion workflows.

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REGAN, L., and D. WOOLFSON. "Protein folding and design: from simple models to complex systems." Current Opinion in Structural Biology 18, no. 4 (August 2008): 475–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbi.2008.06.005.

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30

Demp, PH. "Geometric models that classify structural variations of the foot." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 88, no. 9 (September 1, 1998): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-88-9-437.

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The author presents a description of three geometric models to serve as a framework for establishing a numerical classification system of unlimited refinement for structural variations of the foot and foot types. Such a classification system may identify different forms (foot types) that may be closely aligned to complex movements of the foot (dynamic foot function). This may help in the diagnosis and treatment of biomechanical disabilities. Clinical evaluations are based on radiographic landmark data from weightbearing radiographs.

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Zhang, Chong, Qinghua Wang, and Jianpeng Ma. "Deformable complex network for refining low-resolution X-ray structures." Acta Crystallographica Section D Biological Crystallography 71, no. 11 (October 27, 2015): 2150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s139900471501528x.

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In macromolecular X-ray crystallography, building more accurate atomic models based on lower resolution experimental diffraction data remains a great challenge. Previous studies have used a deformable elastic network (DEN) model to aid in low-resolution structural refinement. In this study, the development of a new refinement algorithm called the deformable complex network (DCN) is reported that combines a novel angular network-based restraint with the DEN model in the target function. Testing of DCN on a wide range of low-resolution structures demonstrated that it constantly leads to significantly improved structural models as judged by multiple refinement criteria, thus representing a new effective refinement tool for low-resolution structural determination.

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Kudasik, T., and S. Miechowicz. "Methods of reconstructing complex multi-structural anatomical objects with RP techniques." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 64, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bpasts-2016-0036.

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Abstract This article presents reconstruction methods applied to a (geometrically and physically) complex structural object with the use of RP and RT techniques. The methods are innovative due to their hybrid - multi-model and multi-material - approach to reconstruction, as well as the application of multiple technologies. An experimental analysis was conducted to verify the feasibility of rapid prototyping (RP) techniques in the reconstruction of complex internal structures using materials of diverse properties. Some RP techniques offer the possibility of discriminating between diverse objects through the use of different colours. Such models are well-suited for diagnostic purposes, for better visualisation of complex clinical problems, pathological alterations, etc. Nevertheless, they fail to fully reflect physical and mechanical properties of objects, which renders them useful in experimental analysis only to a limited extent. Their basic drawback is that they merely reflect geometrical features of the examined object. The methods discussed in the present article enable modelling multi-object structures in a single process based on the PolyJet Matrix technology and materials of different physical properties by means of a hybrid method. The article also describes the process of modelling complex anatomical structures of soft tissues and bones using models of the maxilla and the mandible as examples. The study is based on data acquired through standard computed tomography (CT). In addition, the article addresses selected aspects of CT acquisition, generation of numerical models composed of several anatomical structures (objects) and fabricating physical multi-object models.

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Barbosa, Daniel José, João Paulo Capela, Maria de Lourdes Bastos, and Félix Carvalho. "In vitro models for neurotoxicology research." Toxicology Research 4, no. 4 (2015): 801–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4tx00043a.

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The nervous system has a highly complex organization, including many cell types with multiple functions, with an intricate anatomy and unique structural and functional characteristics; the study of its (dys)functionality following exposure to xenobiotics, neurotoxicology, constitutes an important issue in neurosciences.

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Weaver, Susanna L. Widicus, Robin T. Garrod, Jacob C. Laas, and Eric Herbst. "Models of Hot Cores with Complex Molecules." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S280 (June 2011): 79–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311024884.

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AbstractRecent models of hot cores have incorporated previously-uninvestigated chemical pathways that lead to the formation of complex organic molecules (COMs; i.e. species containing six or more atoms). In addition to the gas-phase ion-molecule reactions long thought to dominate the organic chemistry in these regions, these models now include photodissociation-driven grain surface reaction pathways that can also lead to COMs. Here, simple grain surface ice species photodissociate to form small radicals such as OH, CH3, CH2OH, CH3O, HCO, and NH2. These species become mobile at temperatures above 30 K during the warm-up phase of star formation. Radical-radical addition reactions on grain surfaces can then form an array of COMs that are ejected into the gas phase at higher temperatures. Photodissociation experiments on pure and mixed ices also show that these complex molecules can indeed form from simple species. The molecules predicted to form from this type of chemistry reasonably match the organic inventory observed in high mass hot cores such as Sgr B2(N) and Orion-KL. However, the relative abundances of the observed molecules differ from the predicted values, and also differ between sources. Given this disparity, it remains unclear whether grain surface chemistry governed by photodissociation is the dominant mechanism for the formation of COMs, or whether other unexplored gas-phase reaction pathways could also contribute significantly to their formation. The influence that the physical conditions of the source have on the chemical inventory also remains unclear. Here we overview the chemical pathways for COM formation in hot cores. We also present new modeling results that begin to narrow down the possible routes for production of COMs based on the observed relative abundances of methyl formate (HCOOCH3) and its C2H4O2 structural isomers.

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Barford, David. "Understanding the structural basis for controlling chromosome division." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2036 (March 6, 2015): 20130392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2013.0392.

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The process of chromosome division, termed mitosis, involves a complex sequence of events that is tightly controlled to ensure that the faithful segregation of duplicated chromosomes is coordinated with each cell division cycle. The large macromolecular complex responsible for regulating this process is the anaphase-promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C). In humans, the APC/C is assembled from 20 subunits derived from 15 different proteins. The APC/C functions to ubiquitinate cell cycle regulatory proteins, thereby targeting them for destruction by the proteasome. This review describes our research aimed at understanding the structure and mechanism of the APC/C. We have determined the crystal structures of individual subunits and subcomplexes that provide atomic models to interpret density maps of the whole complex derived from single particle cryo-electron microscopy. With this information, we are generating pseudo-atomic models of functional states of the APC/C that provide insights into its overall architecture and mechanisms of substrate recognition, catalysis and regulation by inhibitory complexes.

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Wood, Brandon C., Tadashi Ogitsu, and Eric Schwegler. "Local structural models of complex oxygen- and hydroxyl-rich GaP/InP(001) surfaces." Journal of Chemical Physics 136, no. 6 (February 14, 2012): 064705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3682768.

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Obukhov, Artem, Alexandr Siukhin, and Denis Dedov. "Structural and mathematical models of software and hardware platform of the training complex." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 971 (December 1, 2020): 052018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/971/5/052018.

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Roy, Sujata, and Ashoke Ranjan Thakur. "Two models of Smad4 and Hoxa9 Complex are Proposed: Structural and Interactional Perspective." Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 28, no. 5 (April 2011): 729–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2011.10508602.

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Shepard, W. S., K. A. Cunefare, and J. H. Ginsberg. "Identifying Critical Elastic Scales in Structural-Acoustic Models." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 120, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2893851.

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The level of detail required for accurate structural acoustic modeling of fluid loaded structures remains an issue of significant debate. Analytical solutions are rarely available, and discrete numerical solutions are typically too complex for ready extraction of physical understanding. In addition, numerical techniques introduce their own explicit scales through the minimum mesh dimension. However, the wavenumber based formulation of the surface variational principle describes the surface pressure and displacement as a comparatively small set of interacting waves. Coupling the SVP with distributed methods of representing structural attachment features provides a means to introduce, control, and investigate features of differing scales. We present here a technique for assessing the critical resolution scales for a fluid loaded two-dimensional plate. For feature attachments, we consider a line-mass elastically suspended by a line-spring from the wetted plate. We then use a spatial expansion for the elastic attachment to the wetted plate. The excitation applied to the plate is taken as a concentrated harmonic force. With the excitation held fixed, the influence of the scale of the feature spatial representation on the radiated power is assessed.

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Castro, Mario, and Rob J. de Boer. "Testing structural identifiability by a simple scaling method." PLOS Computational Biology 16, no. 11 (November 3, 2020): e1008248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008248.

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Successful mathematical modeling of biological processes relies on the expertise of the modeler to capture the essential mechanisms in the process at hand and on the ability to extract useful information from empirical data. A model is said to be structurally unidentifiable, if different quantitative sets of parameters provide the same observable outcome. This is typical (but not exclusive) of partially observed problems in which only a few variables can be experimentally measured. Most of the available methods to test the structural identifiability of a model are either too complex mathematically for the general practitioner to be applied, or require involved calculations or numerical computation for complex non-linear models. In this work, we present a new analytical method to test structural identifiability of models based on ordinary differential equations, based on the invariance of the equations under the scaling transformation of its parameters. The method is based on rigorous mathematical results but it is easy and quick to apply, even to test the identifiability of sophisticated highly non-linear models. We illustrate our method by example and compare its performance with other existing methods in the literature.

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Fang, Wei Hua. "Mechanic Models for Structure Health Monitoring Based on Wireless Sensors Networks Positioning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 526 (February 2014): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.526.93.

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In order to fully utilize the advantages of indoor 3-D positioning of wireless sensor networks, according to the needs of large, complex structural health monitoring, combined with fracture mechanics and continuum mechanics theory, corresponding mechanical models based on wireless sensor network positioning are provided. The models provide health diagnostic criterion for crack stability, as well as large and complex structure. The investigation lays the foundation for three-dimensional positioning technology for wireless sensor networks applications in structural health monitoring and has very important significance.

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Marjanović, Jelena, Slavenka Petrak, Maja Mahnić Naglić, and Martinia Ira Glogar. "Design and Computer Construction of Structural Sleeve Forms for Women’s Clothing." Textile & leather review 2, no. 4 (December 6, 2019): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31881/tlr.2019.29.

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The paper presents the research of the development process of a unique women’s clothing collection with complex, structural sleeve forms. Using the 2D/3D CAD systems for computer clothing design, 15 models of women’s clothing with structural sleeve forms were constructed and modeled. Textile patterns were also computer-designed, as a preparation for digital printing on cutting parts of a particular clothing models. The computer clothing design included all the segments of the computer 3D prototype development, with the purpose of investigating the possibilities of modeling and 3D simulations of complex sleeve structures, which in the real manufacturing process require additional fixation of cutting parts. The influence of 3D simulation parameters, in correlation with the applied physical and mechanical properties of textile material, was investigated in order to achieve complex 3D forms of simulated clothing models. Color and textile patterns variations of computer-designed 3D models were developed with the purpose of achieving a realistic visualization of the designed clothing collection. Original prototypes were made for two selected models from the collection, with computer-designed textile patterns applied on a model using digital printing technology.

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Paul, Satadal, Frank Neese, and Dimitrios A. Pantazis. "Structural models of the biological oxygen-evolving complex: achievements, insights, and challenges for biomimicry." Green Chemistry 19, no. 10 (2017): 2309–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7gc00425g.

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Cox, Linda L. "The Convergence of Ricoeur’s and Von Wright’s Complex Models of History." Études Ricoeuriennes / Ricoeur Studies 5, no. 1 (July 15, 2014): 95–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/errs.2014.228.

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The relationship between the structural identity of narrative and the truth claim of the historical narrative work is one of importance to Ricœur. He considers the attempts of two interwoven models of history emerging from analytic philosophy—explanatory and narrative—to articulate this relationship. This paper explores the trajectories of these models as well as the epistemological and ontological crises culminating from the “simple” theses of each model. The solution to these crises requires a more complex method to account for the nature of the connections underlying historical understanding. Georg Henrik von Wright’s provisional or “hybrid” model of explanation and understanding revises the simple explanatory model and is foundational for Ricœur’s own complex revision of narrativist models through his notion of questioning back. The present paper argues that the structure of this hybrid model was unsatisfactory for von Wright, and leads in the direction of Ricœur’s own narrative method. Keywords: Ricœur, von Wright, Narrative, History, Questioning back. Résumé La relation entre l’identité structurale du récit et la prétention à la vérité de l’œuvre de récit historique est fondamentale chez Ricœur. Il considère que les deux modèles historiographiques de provenance analytique – le modèle explicatif et le modèle narratif – peuvent s’articuler. Cet article explore les trajectoires de ces modèles autant que les crises épistémologiques et ontologiques qui culminent dans chacune des thèses prise dans un sens unilatéral. La solution pour remédier à ces crises requiert une méthode plus complexe pour tenir compte de la nature des liens qui sous-tendent la compréhension historique. Le modèle d’explication et de compréhension, provisoire et “hybride,” de Georg Henrik von Wright permet de réviser le simple modèle explicatif. Ceci est fondamental pour comprendre la révision complexe que Ricœur apporte aux modèles narrativistes à travers la reprise de la notion de “questionnement à rebours.” La présente contribution fait valoir que la structure de ce modèle hybride n’est pas satisfaisante pour von Wright, et débouche dans le sens de la méthode narrative proposée par Ricœur.Mots-clés: Ricœur, von Wright, Narrative, Histoire, Questionnenement à rebours.

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Stankevych, Nina. "STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF ANCIENT UKRAINIAN APHORISMS." Theory and Practice of Teaching Ukrainian as a Foreign Language, no. 15 (May 1, 2021): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/ufl.2021.15.3293.

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The material of the research is aphorisms of Ukrainian writers and philosophers from the 11th to the beginning of the 19th century, which were collected and arranged by Valery Shevchuk in the book “Eternal Wisdom”. The author claims the value of works of this genre, the power of ancient Ukrainian philosophical thought, its European context. The action of the aphorism as an independent semantic organism occurs in a combination of logically coherent syntactic construction and artistic and stylistic means. The methods of constructing ancient philosophical thought, the conciseness of verbal complexes, and the formation of structural models of aphorisms are of scientific interest. An aphorism is a short judgment of a generalizing nature, which reflects the subjective vision of a certain fragment of reality, it has a philosophical meaning, figurative and artistic form, and aesthetic value. Characteristic features of aphorisms: brevity, depth of content, linguistic expressiveness, aesthetic perfection, originality, didactics. The classification of aphorisms according to a structural criterion consists of correlating them with a simple sentence, a complex sentence, or a supra-phrase unity. The choice of a certain logical structure depends on the general semantic idea of the aphorism, associated with the linguistic way of expressing the semantic or figurative dominant. The most productive syntactic constructions among ancient aphorisms-simple sentences are models A = B. The semantic core of an aphoristic expression is most often in the postposition. These models are classical and constitute a figurative-associative reaction to a certain logical-philosophical, ethical, aesthetic concept. Stylistic means – homogeneous members of the sentence, the inversion of the members of the sentence Among complex sentences productive models of comparison-opposition, they form short logical judgments, built on the structural scheme: A, and B. The most common complex sentences with a conditional relationship. These are mostly logical aphorisms, their clear structural organization is evidence of a connection with paremias. Aphorisms of analytical construction are divided into two-component and multicomponent. Multicomponent supra-phrase units are complete philosophical microtexts. The aesthetic perfection of these structures is achieved by stylistic devices: construction according to the «question-answer» scheme, use of anaphora, decomposition of a certain linguistic concept into semantic components, etc. Aphorisms based on the principle of classification are successful. They are logically slender, rational, accurate, the number of components provides a clear, complete structure. There are often two components (3, 4). Such aphorisms facilitate perception, are better remembered, are autosemantic. The structural types of the analyzed aphoristic massif testify to the perfection of the form and the aesthetic value of ancient aphorisms as linguistic and cultural signs. Key words: aphorism, syntactic strukture, composition, structural models, simple sentence, complex sentence, supra-phrase unity, artistic and figurative means.

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Sproviero, Eduardo M., José A. Gascón, James P. McEvoy, Gary W. Brudvig, and Victor S. Batista. "Quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics structural models of the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II." Current Opinion in Structural Biology 17, no. 2 (April 2007): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbi.2007.03.015.

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Coenders, Germà, Joan M. Batista-Foguet, and Willem E. Saris. "Simple, Efficient and Distribution-free Approach to Interaction Effects in Complex Structural Equation Models." Quality & Quantity 42, no. 3 (December 20, 2006): 369–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11135-006-9050-6.

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Demaine, Erik D., Felix Reidl, Peter Rossmanith, Fernando Sánchez Villaamil, Somnath Sikdar, and Blair D. Sullivan. "Structural sparsity of complex networks: Bounded expansion in random models and real-world graphs." Journal of Computer and System Sciences 105 (November 2019): 199–241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcss.2019.05.004.

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Jackson, Joshua J., and Mathias Allemand. "Moving Personality Development Research Forward: Applications Using Structural Equation Models." European Journal of Personality 28, no. 3 (May 2014): 300–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.1964.

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As evidenced by this special issue, research in the field of personality development is moving beyond merely describing patterns of development to more complex questions, such as the mechanisms by which personality develops or remains stable. In this article, we briefly describe three useful longitudinal structural equation models: latent growth curve models, latent change models and growth mixture models. Various underexamined and novel questions in the field of personality development are then described, each in the context of the longitudinal models. In doing so, we describe shortcomings of standard models and highlight questions and designs that could continue to move personality development research forward. Copyright © 2014 European Association of Personality Psychology

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Wender, Katrin, and Reinhard Hübler. "Enabling More Human-Oriented Exploration of Complex Building Information Models." Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 23, no. 2 (March 2009): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0887-3801(2009)23:2(84).

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