Academic literature on the topic 'Complex societal problems'
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Journal articles on the topic "Complex societal problems"
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DeTombe, Dorien J. "Methodology for Handling Complex Societal Problems." Bulletin of Sociological Methodology/Bulletin de Méthodologie Sociologique 68, no. 1 (October 2000): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/075910630006800121.
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DeTombe, Dorien J. "Methodology for handling complex societal problems." European Journal of Operational Research 128, no. 2 (January 2001): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-2217(00)00065-5.
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DeTombe, Dorien J. "Complex Societal Problems in Operational Research." European Journal of Operational Research 140, no. 2 (July 2002): 232–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-2217(02)00066-8.
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DeTombe, Dorien J. "Compram, a method for handling complex societal problems." European Journal of Operational Research 128, no. 2 (January 2001): 266–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-2217(00)00070-9.
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DeTombe, Dorien. "Societal problems more complex than presumed: The Compram methodology." Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 26, no. 3 (May 24, 2017): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11518-017-5334-8.
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Costa Junior, Jairo da, Jan Carel Diehl, and Fernando Secomandi. "Educating for a systems design approach to complex societal problems." Journal of Engineering Design 29, no. 3 (February 7, 2018): 65–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09544828.2018.1436162.
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Mochmann, Ingvill, and Dorien DeTombe. "The COMPRAM Methodology and Complex Societal Problems-an Analysis of the Case of Children Born of War." Organizacija 43, no. 3 (May 1, 2010): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10051-010-0012-3.
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The COMPRAM Methodology and Complex Societal Problems-an Analysis of the Case of Children Born of WarDuring and after wars children are born where the father is a member of an occupation or peacekeeping force and the mother a local citizen. Securing the human rights of children born of war is often highly complex and involves researchers and practitioners from different disciplines. The Compram methodology on handling complex societal problems will be applied to analyse whether the methodology is suitable on this group of war-affected children. The Compram methodology is a multi disciplined, multi level, multi actor methodology based on the theory of societal complexity. The methodology gives guidelines to handle real life complex societal problems.
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Liebl, F. "The anatomy of complex societal problems and its implications for OR." Journal of the Operational Research Society 53, no. 2 (February 2002): 161–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2601293.
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DeTombe, Dorien J. "Introduction to the field of methodology for handling complex societal problems." European Journal of Operational Research 128, no. 2 (January 2001): 231–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-2217(00)00066-7.
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Bammer, Gabriele. "Should science communication become part of a discipline of integration and implementation sciences (i2S)?" Journal of Science Communication 19, no. 04 (September 1, 2020): C04. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.19040304.
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Science communication is essential for inter- and trans-disciplinary research on complex societal and environmental problems. Two aspects are explored as examples: 1) helping teams understand the systemic nature of such problems and 2) helping collaborations run effectively. Integration and implementation sciences (i2S) is a new discipline that addresses such aspects of dealing with complex problems that, notably, are not covered by existing disciplines. By becoming part of i2S, science communication will be linked with other communities of practice, resulting in an overall improvement in the ability of research to effectively contribute to tackling complex societal and environmental problems.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Complex societal problems"
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Hector, Donald Charles Alexander. "Towards a new philosophy of engineering: structuring the complex problems from the sustainability discourse." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2690.
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This dissertation considers three broad issues which emerge from the sustainability discourse. First is the nature of the discourse itself, particularly the underlying philosophical positions which are represented. Second, is the nature of the highly complex types of problem which the discourse exposes. And third is whether the engineering profession, as it is practised currently, is adequate to deal with such problems. The sustainability discourse exposes two distinct, fundamentally irreconcilable philosophical positions. The first, “sustainable development”, considers humanity to be privileged in relation to all other species and ecosystems. It is only incumbent upon us to look after the environment to the extent to which it is in our interests to do so. The second, “sustainability”, sees humanity as having no special moral privilege and recognises the moral status of other species, ecosystems, and even wilderness areas. Thus, sustainability imposes upon us a moral obligation to take their status into account and not to degrade or to destroy them. These two conflicting positions give rise to extremely complex problems. An innovative taxonomy of problem complexity has been developed which identifies three broad categories of problem. Of particular interest in this dissertation is the most complex of these, referred to here as the Type 3 problem. The Type 3 problem recognises the systemic complexity of the problem situation but also includes differences of the domain of interests as a fundamental, constituent part of the problem itself. Hence, established systems analysis techniques and reductionist approaches do not work. The domain of interests will typically have disparate ideas and positions, which may be entirely irreconcilable. The dissertation explores the development of philosophy of science, particularly in the last 70 years. It is noted that, unlike the philosophy of science, the philosophy of engineering has not been influenced by developments of critical theory, cultural theory, and postmodernism, which have had significant impact in late 20th-century Western society. This is seen as a constraint on the practice of engineering. Thus, a set of philosophical principles for sustainable engineering practice is developed. Such a change in the philosophy underlying the practice of engineering is seen as necessary if engineers are to engage with and contribute to the resolution of Type 3 problems. Two particular challenges must be overcome, if Type 3 problems are to be satisfactorily resolved. First, issues of belief, values, and morals are central to this problem type and must be included in problem consideration. And second, the problem situation is usually so complex that it challenges the capacity of human cognition to deal with it. Consequently, extensive consideration is given to cognitive and behavioural psychology, in particular to choice, judgement and decision-making in uncertainty. A novel problem-structuring approach is developed on three levels. A set philosophical foundation is established; a theoretical framework, based on general systems theory and established behavioural and cognitive psychological theory, is devised; and a set of tools is proposed to model Type 3 complex problems as a dynamic systems. The approach is different to other systems approaches, in that it enables qualitative exploration of the system to plausible, hypothetical disturbances. The problem-structuring approach is applied in a case study, which relates to the development of a water subsystem for a major metropolis (Sydney, Australia). The technique is also used to critique existing infrastructure planning processes and to propose an alternative approach.
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Hector, Donald Charles Alexander. "Towards a new philosophy of engineering: structuring the complex problems from the sustainability discourse." University of Sydney, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2690.
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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)Revised work with minor emendations approved by supervisor.
This dissertation considers three broad issues which emerge from the sustainability discourse. First is the nature of the discourse itself, particularly the underlying philosophical positions which are represented. Second, is the nature of the highly complex types of problem which the discourse exposes. And third is whether the engineering profession, as it is practised currently, is adequate to deal with such problems. The sustainability discourse exposes two distinct, fundamentally irreconcilable philosophical positions. The first, “sustainable development”, considers humanity to be privileged in relation to all other species and ecosystems. It is only incumbent upon us to look after the environment to the extent to which it is in our interests to do so. The second, “sustainability”, sees humanity as having no special moral privilege and recognises the moral status of other species, ecosystems, and even wilderness areas. Thus, sustainability imposes upon us a moral obligation to take their status into account and not to degrade or to destroy them. These two conflicting positions give rise to extremely complex problems. An innovative taxonomy of problem complexity has been developed which identifies three broad categories of problem. Of particular interest in this dissertation is the most complex of these, referred to here as the Type 3 problem. The Type 3 problem recognises the systemic complexity of the problem situation but also includes differences of the domain of interests as a fundamental, constituent part of the problem itself. Hence, established systems analysis techniques and reductionist approaches do not work. The domain of interests will typically have disparate ideas and positions, which may be entirely irreconcilable. The dissertation explores the development of philosophy of science, particularly in the last 70 years. It is noted that, unlike the philosophy of science, the philosophy of engineering has not been influenced by developments of critical theory, cultural theory, and postmodernism, which have had significant impact in late 20th-century Western society. This is seen as a constraint on the practice of engineering. Thus, a set of philosophical principles for sustainable engineering practice is developed. Such a change in the philosophy underlying the practice of engineering is seen as necessary if engineers are to engage with and contribute to the resolution of Type 3 problems. Two particular challenges must be overcome, if Type 3 problems are to be satisfactorily resolved. First, issues of belief, values, and morals are central to this problem type and must be included in problem consideration. And second, the problem situation is usually so complex that it challenges the capacity of human cognition to deal with it. Consequently, extensive consideration is given to cognitive and behavioural psychology, in particular to choice, judgement and decision-making in uncertainty. A novel problem-structuring approach is developed on three levels. A set philosophical foundation is established; a theoretical framework, based on general systems theory and established behavioural and cognitive psychological theory, is devised; and a set of tools is proposed to model Type 3 complex problems as a dynamic systems. The approach is different to other systems approaches, in that it enables qualitative exploration of the system to plausible, hypothetical disturbances. The problem-structuring approach is applied in a case study, which relates to the development of a water subsystem for a major metropolis (Sydney, Australia). The technique is also used to critique existing infrastructure planning processes and to propose an alternative approach.
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Bacellar, André Melo. "Agilidade na contratação de projetos de pesquisa do Programa de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento da ANEEL." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/98146.
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O trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a agilidade nas contratações de projetos de pesquisa no âmbito do Programa de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento da Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica (ANEEL). A pesquisa foi motivada pela demora na contratação de alguns projetos e pelo insucesso na contratação de outros, com o concorrente acúmulo de recursos a serem investidos. O primeiro objetivo específico foi a identificação das restrições do programa de P&D da ANEEL e seleção daquelas que afetam a contratação de projetos de pesquisa. O segundo objetivo é a proposição de alternativas para aumentar a agilidade na contratação de projetos de pesquisa. O trabalho foi dividido em duas etapas que correspondem aos objetivos específicos e são apresentadas em dois artigos. A primeira procurou investigar as variáveis do problema. A segunda etapa procurou propor alternativas para agilizar o processo de contratação de projetos de pesquisa das empresas. Na primeira etapa foi aplicado método para lidar com problemas sociais complexos ao longo de reuniões específicas. Uma das reuniões foi realizada com especialistas em pesquisa e outra com os envolvidos no programa de pesquisa. As informações foram trabalhadas e validadas com os participantes. Para desenvolver a segunda etapa, foram realizados três estudos de caso em que foram realizadas entrevistas e o mapeamento dos processos de contratação de empresas de diferentes naturezas jurídicas. Os procedimentos buscaram investigar se existiam diferenças na agilidade de contratação entre as empresas, tendo como base de comparação uma configuração específica de projeto, investigar a motivação para tais diferenças e levantar alternativas para disseminar entre as empresas a agilidade nas contratações. Na primeira etapa, as restrições do programa de P&D foram identificadas e a maior parte delas está relacionada com a gestão interna das empresas. Em seguida, estão as restrições relacionadas a contratação de projetos, mais especificamente a questões de propriedade industrial e de equipamentos comprados ou produzidos pelo projeto. Na segunda etapa, foram confirmadas diferenças na agilidade de contratação entre as empresas. A padronização de procedimentos e as relações recorrentes foram identificadas como motivações para tais diferenças. Entre as alternativas encontradas na literatura para tratar as restrições constatadas na primeira etapa, a formação de relações de longo prazo parece beneficiar a celebração de contratos. A formação de comitês para ajustes nos contratos não foi alvo de questionamento na presente pesquisa, mas também pode ser uma alternativa para agilizar a celebração de contratos. A atribuição da propriedade dos resultados para a parceira que mais contribui é alvo de controvérsia por questões legais. A presente pesquisa contribuiu para o campo gerencial ao propor a criação de uma certificação de qualidade para disseminar a padronização de processos, sendo que a padronização não foi abordada na teoria revisada que trata sobre a contratação de projetos de pesquisa. Essa alternativa contribuiria para tratar as restrições encontradas na contratação de projetos entre as empresas e as executoras com benefícios que extrapolam o escopo da presente pesquisa, visto que as instituições de pesquisa envolvidas no programa de P&D ANEEL estão dentre as principais do sistema de pesquisa brasileiro. Propõe-se desenvolver novas pesquisas que evoluam o conhecimento sobre a agilidade de contratação ao investigar os perfis de contratações, os mecanismos de governança utilizados e as diferenças de agilidade obtidas.The work´s objective was the investigation of research contracting agility in the context of R&D Program for the Brazilian Electric Energy Sector. The research was motivated by the delay on some projects contract negotiation and by others unsuccessful contracting process, while the funds to invest keep growing. The first specific objective was to discover which constraints of the R&D Program for the Brazilian Electric Energy Sector, which guidelines and instructions are established by the Brazilian Electricity Regulatory Agency – ANEEL, affects research projects contracting process. The second objective is the proposition of alternatives to increase contracting agility. The work had two main stages to address the specific objectives and they are presented in two papers. The first stage investigated problem´s topics. The second stage intended to propose alternatives to make the utilities contracting process more agile. The first stage has applied a method for handling complex societal problems. A discussion meeting involved research experts and other the utilities and academy. The information collected was summarized and then validated with the participants. At the second stage, three case studies were developed using interviews and process mapping with public, private and mixed utilities. The procedures applied intended to investigate if there was agility differences in utilities contracting processes, using as reference a specific project configuration, identify the motivation for the differences founded and raise alternatives to make all utilities contracting processes agile. The constraints were identified in the first stage and most of them are related with utilities management. In second place, there are constraints related with project contracting, especially issues about industrial property and equipments developed or bought in the project. At the second stage, contracting agility differences were found. Process standardization and recurrent relationships were identified as possible motivations for these differences. Among the alternatives found in the literature review to handle the constraints identified in the first stage, the long term relationships seems to make contracting easier. The development of committees to adapt contracts during evolution of the collaboration was not in the scope of the present research, but also can be an alternative to make contracting more agile. Share property rights according with technological contribution can be refused because of legal aspects. The present research evolve the management knowledge as it proposes a certification to promote process standardization, besides the standardization was not present in the reviewed theory about research project contracting. This alternative would contribute to handle constraints identified in the contracting experience, with benefits that will exceed the planned scope, as the research institutions in the ANEEL R&D program are among the most importants in the brazilian research system. New researches may expand the knowledge about contracting agility if they investigate contracting configuration, governance mechanisms used and the agility differences obtained.
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Ker, Rault Philippe Ange. "Public participation in integrated water management : a wicked process for a complex societal problem." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4083.
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The meaning of both Integrated Water Management and Public Participation (PP) are subject to interpretation by stakeholders, because the concepts of uncertainty, risk management and construction of a societal project challenge scientific expertise, political power and democratic decisions concerning public good management. I do not study PP and IWM with a normative aspiration to identify the ‘true’ problem and participation, but to investigate constructions of reality of water management challenges (WMCs) and of participation from different perspectives: which type of participation is perceived as appropriate for which type of water management challenges? The study areas are river basins in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey. The EU Water Framework Directive provides an analytical framework to study meanings of PP in River Basin Management Plan. Grounded Theory Methodology is used to elicit understandings of both PP and WMCs via qualitative and quantitative data (questionnaires, interviews, medium-scale survey). This thesis presents grounded typologies of objectives of PP, types of PP, of WMCs, of the roles of the competent authority and of hurdles to initiate PP. Even in countries where criteria characterising a democratic society are not all entirely satisfied there is a case for promoting PP in IWM. Although an uneducated public, with poor knowledge of the far reaching consequences of WMC is seen as a hurdle to initiate PP, the evidences show the contrary: a public aspiration, readiness and willingness to express ones’ voice. Conditions to foster PP require both political stability and an open society where opinions can be formed and exchanged; but also pressure on resources and services for the public to be interested and willing to take part in water management, and for the competent authority to be willing to engage with both stakeholders and the public in order to complement experts’ understandings of complex societal problems. Public Participation is not only about the pursuit of power over the final decision, but about defining what problems are about according to different constructs of reality. The newly developed grounded typologies of objectives of PP and of types for PP help identifying appropriate forms of participatory practices in relation to the contextual water management crisis.
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Bayne, Helen Lesley. "Complex problems and collaboration." Thesis, 2019. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/40046/.
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This study examines theory about complex problems and investigates inter-organisational collaborative practice. A collaborative imperative is required to address complex societal problems. However, much research about addressing complex problems assumes the need for collaboration, but does not pay attention to the intricacies and sophistication of collaborative practice. Nor does this body of research pay attention to the ‘wickedness’ of complex problems. This thesis challenges the assumption and expectation that increased collaboration effort has the capacity to resolve complex social problems in and of itself. A major strength of this study consists in the connections made between two disconnected theories.
Books on the topic "Complex societal problems"
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DeTombe, Dorien J. Defining complex interdisciplinary societal problems: A theoretical study for constructing a co-operative problem analyzing method: the method COMPRAM. Amsterdam: Thesis Pub., 1994.
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Societal learning and change: How governments, business and civil society are creating solutions to complex multi-stakeholder problems. Sheffield: Greenleaf Pub., 2005.
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Stuhler, Elmar A., and Dorien J. DeTombe. Complex problem solving: Methodological support for societal policy making. München: Hampp, 1999.
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Tromp, Coyan. Wicked Philosophy. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462988774.
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Wicked Philosophy. Philosophy of Science and Vision Development for Complex Problems provides an overview of the philosophy of the natural sciences, the social sciences and the humanities, and explores how insights from these three domains can be integrated to help find solutions for the complex, ‘wicked’ problems we are currently facing. The core of a new science-based vision is complexity thinking, offering a meta-position for navigating alternative paradigms and making informed choices of resources for projects involving complex problems. The book also brings design thinking into problem-solving and teaching, fostering construction of an integrative approach that bridges structure and action amplified by transdisciplinary engagement of stakeholders in society. It is not always easy to set up a succesfull philosophy course for students in other programs. The author of Wicked Philosophy, Coyan Tromp, has experience in designing courses on philosophy of science for various Bachelor programs. You can find two examples here. The first example is for an introductory course to an Interdisciplinary Philosophy of Science, which is specifically suited for programs focusing at complex problems such as sustainability or health issues. The second example is a program for a course on (Philosophy of) Science in a Post-Truth Society. More examples are also available (e.g. a program in which Philosophy of Science is combined with Vision Development and Future Scenarios). In addition to the program, the author can also provide a workbook with lesson plans, both for online and on campus settings as well as additional literature suggestions for Dutch and French programmes. Please contact us at marketing@aup.nl for questions or extra material.
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Semenova, Elena. Actual problems of designing the educational process. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1013701.
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The textbook is an author's development formed on the basis of actual achievements of several areas of scientific knowledge related to various aspects of intellectual activity and implemented in the practice of professional pedagogical activity of different educational groups and forms of education (both higher and additional professional education). Structure of the study involves theoretical facts, the availability of practical tasks, allowing to assess the level of dynamics of development of the future specialist and workshop, contributing to the expansion of personal pedagogical tools. Compiled in accordance with the requirements of the society for socially oriented professions of the future, presented on the portal of new professions atlas100.ru. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is addressed to students, undergraduates, postgraduates studying in pedagogical directions, teachers of educational organizations.
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Russkevich, Evgeniy. Criminal law and "digital crime": problems and solutions. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1840963.
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The monograph is devoted to a complex of theoretical and applied problems of adapting the domestic mechanism of criminal law protection to the "digitalization" of crime in the conditions of the formation of the information society. Along with general theoretical issues, foreign criminal legislation and provisions of international law are being thoroughly analyzed. The paper presents an updated criminal-legal description of crimes in the field of computer information, including novelties of Russian criminal legislation - unlawful impact on the critical information infrastructure of the Russian Federation (Article 2741 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), developed proposals for the differentiation of criminal liability for attacks on the security of computer data and systems, developed scientifically sound recommendations for qualification.
In the second edition, the issues of differentiation of criminal liability for digital crimes by means of the General and Special Parts of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are separately worked out. The analysis of the problems of qualification of crimes in the field of computer information, as well as other crimes committed using information and communication technologies, outside of Chapter 28 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Taking into account the results obtained, a draft resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation "On judicial practice in cases of crimes in the field of computer information" is presented.
It is intended for researchers, teachers, practicing lawyers, students and postgraduates of law schools and faculties.
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Pichugin, Vitaliy, Elena Kamneva, and Zhanna Korobanova. The problem of responsibility formation in the development of human capital. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1873865.
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The monograph examines the current problems related to the development of human capital, presents the results of research on the conditions, means and methods of effective formation of responsibility in the process of human capital development. Prepared on the basis of the results of research carried out within the framework of the university-wide complex topic of the Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation "Socio-political, economic and legal conditions for the development of human potential, society and the state. Socio-political, psychological and linguistic factors of civilizational development in conditions of instability".
It is intended for managers of personnel departments, researchers, teachers, postgraduates, doctoral students and students of higher educational institutions. The materials can be used in the educational process when reading courses "Management Psychology", "Labor Psychology", "Organizational Psychology", "Personnel Management", etc.
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Ismailov, Nariman, Samira Nadzhafova, and Aygyun Gasymova. Bioecosystem complexes for the solution of environmental, industrial and social problems (on the example of Azerbaijan). ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1043239.
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A key objective of the modern development of society is the observance of ecological and socio-economic unity in human life
and comprehensive improvement of environment and quality of life should be considered in close connection with the quality of the natural landscape. The formation of scientific understanding of the unity of society and nature is driven by the need for practical implementation of such unity. This defines the focus of this monograph. Given the overall assessment of the current state of the environment in Azerbaijan, considers the scenarios for the future development of the area. The prospects of the use of biotechnology in integrated environmental protection. In the framework of the above to address complex social, environmental and production problems in Azerbaijan developed scientific basis of integrated system of industrial farms — biclusters with a closed production cycle through effective utilization of regional biological resources,
whose interactions and relationships take on the character of vzaimodeistvie components for obtaining focused final result with high practical importance. Microbiological, biochemical
and technological processes are the basis of all development of biotechnology. Presents the development will help strengthen the ties between science and production, establishing mechanisms to conduct applied research in the field of innovation and creation of knowledge-based technologies in solving current and future environmental problems in Azerbaijan.
We offer innovative ideas distinguishes the potential need for their materialization into new products, technologies and services, including the widespread use of digital technologies to design dynamic digital environmental map in space and in time.
For students, scientific and engineering-technical workers, students and specializing in environmental technology, environmental protection.
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Goyhman, Oskar, Lyubov' Goncharova, Alla Larionova, Nikolay Kargin, Igor' Klyukanov, Nur Ahmet Dosmuhamet, Irina Privalova, et al. Social and identification status of communication studies. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1111369.
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The collective monograph is devoted to interdisciplinary problems of communication in a modern multimodal society. A number of aspects outlining the status of communication studies as a scientific, practical and social phenomenon are discussed. The authors ask questions about the influence of digitalization on interpersonal and intercultural communication in the modern world, consider the philosophical and cultural meanings of the communicative self-identity of peoples from the positions of national and state ideologies, touch upon the problems of communication in various spheres and discourses: professional, media, political, scientific, educational and social. The monograph also touches on the linguo-axiological, image and linguistic-cultural aspects of communicative processes.
The study consists of seven chapters that reveal the authors ' views on the current state and prospects for the development of communicative science and humanities in general.
It is addressed to representatives of the scientific community - scientists, graduate students, undergraduates, as well as anyone interested in the issues of communication studies as an important and complex social phenomenon.
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Vlasyenko, Nikolay, Artem Tsirin, YEkatyerina Spyektor, Natalya Povetkina, Zarina Bedoeva, Yuliya Belyaeva, Maksim Zaloilo, Elena Rafalyuk, and E. Sidorova. Dictionary on the Subject of Anti-Corruption. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/18663.
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Currently, the problem of combating corruption is in the center of attention of Russian society and the state. The legal and organizational framework for combating corruption has been formed. Anti-corruption legislation is constantly being improved, becoming more holistic and systematic, so further classification of its concepts is required.
The Glossary contains more than 500 terms of Russian and foreign language origin, which are basic in the practice of combating corruption and are used in criminal, administrative and financial law of Russia; it guides the reader in a complex system of modern legal categories related to anti-corruption topics; uses the tools of international agreements ratified by the Russian Federation; it will help clarify the conceptual apparatus of normative legal acts and eliminate contradictions in existing documents.
The publication is intended to be used in the educational process in the framework of scientific and educational support for combating corruption.
For employees of scientific institutions and government agencies, teachers, students, postgraduates of higher educational institutions and practicing lawyers.
Book chapters on the topic "Complex societal problems"
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DeTombe, Dorien. "Complex Societal Problems." In Handling Societal Complexity, 35–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43917-3_3.
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DeTombe, Dorien. "Methodological Demands for Handling Complex Societal Problems." In Handling Societal Complexity, 187–219. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43917-3_6.
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DeTombe, Dorien. "The Compram Methodology: A Methodology for Policymaking for Complex Societal Problems." In Handling Societal Complexity, 221–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43917-3_7.
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Van Loey, Nancy E. E. "Psychological Impact of Living with Scars Following Burn Injury." In Textbook on Scar Management, 429–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44766-3_48.
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AbstractLiving with scars in a society that highly values beauty can be challenging for a burn survivor. Particularly in the current society in which there are signals that increasing demands of beauty are becoming normalized, health care providers should be aware of this changing notion of normality that may increase the call for cosmetic and plastic surgery interventions and, at the same time, may decrease the acceptance of visible differences. This chapter describes psychological problems that may occur in burn survivors with visible differences. The adjustment process that follows after burn injury is complex and multifactorial. A changed appearance can elicit diminished self- and body-esteem and can hamper encounters with others. Knowledge on most frequent psychological disorders and its symptoms are reviewed and the multifaceted process of adjusting to visible differences involving personal and societal factors is described. It outlines risk factors for psychological problems associated with burn scars and how psychological problems can influence the perception of the scars. It also briefly describes psychological interventions that can be applied in this field.
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Perikangas, Sofi, Harri Kostilainen, Reija Paananen, Anne Määttä, and Sakari Kainulainen. "A Human-Centric Co-creation Platform for Solving Wicked Social Challenges." In Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management, 227–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84044-0_11.
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AbstractThis article introduces DiakHub, a co-creation platform developed on a quadruple helix framework. DiakHub’s innovation activities aim at leading to more functional human-centred service systems and service processes. Human-centric solutions are sought to address problems across governance and administrative silos and boundaries, particularly targeted at the most vulnerable joint service users with complex needs and multiple service agency use. As a University of Applied Sciences, Diak has a unique profile in the Finnish education sector. Its RDI activities focus on improving the wellbeing of those in the most vulnerable positions through co-creating societal innovations, services, and capacity building. DiakHub activity can be verified through co-creation RDI activities and public service innovations. The role of students is central; while engaged in DiakHub activities, they become co-designers and experts, participating in the teaching and RDI activities they are exposed to during their studies.
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Rădulescu, Maria Alina, Wim Leendertse, and Jos Arts. "Living Labs: A Creative and Collaborative Planning Approach." In Co-Creativity and Engaged Scholarship, 457–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84248-2_15.
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AbstractCommunities around the world are facing an increasing number of ‘wicked problems’, many of which are spatial issues. Therefore, high expectations are placed on the role of planning in addressing them. However, such complex challenges cannot be easily solved with the traditional, sectoral planning approaches, or by planners and decision-makers alone; they require a cross-sectoral and societal-inclusive understanding and collaboration of various kinds of stakeholders. Consequently, in the search for new approaches and tools that favour experimentation, flexibility, and collaboration, planners and decision-makers are turning their attention towards the private sector, where Living Labs have been extensively used in open and user-oriented innovation. Despite the growing number of studies that picture them as a ‘magic recipe’ for experimentation and development of creative solutions for ‘wicked problems’, Living Labs have only recently started gaining attention in the spatial domain. In this chapter, we position Living Labs as a creative and collaborative planning approach. Based on a literature review on Living Labs, and on empirical research carried out in three spatial planning and water infrastructure projects from the Netherlands, we propose a five-phased ‘living lab way of working’ and reflect on the role of Living Labs as a planning method. We end by outlining several recommendations that could be useful when considering the use of Living Labs as a planning method. The conclusion of this chapter shows that despite the challenges they pose, Living Labs represent a relevant and growing practice in spatial planning, especially because they provide a conducive way of connecting local-scale and larger-scale planning issues and solutions.
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Shumilina, Vera, and Ksenia Tupakova. "UNEMPLOYMENT IN RUSSIA." In Socio-economic and legal problems of modern society, 45–55. au: AUS PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26526/chapter_61e7f12a82b3e5.55589276.
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In this article I will consider one of the critical problems in Russia - unemployment, which acts as a complex and controversial macroeconomic phenomenon of economic life. It exerts significant socio-economic pressure on society and affects political life in the country. That is why this problem is urgent and requires consideration
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Phang, Fatin Aliah, Aznah Nor Anuar, Azmahani Abdul Aziz, Khairiyah Mohd Yusof, Syed Ahmad Helmi Syed Hassan, and Yusof Ahmad. "Perception of Complex Engineering Problem Solving Among Engineerıng Educators." In Engineering Education for a Smart Society, 215–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60937-9_17.
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Tutberidze, Bezhan, and Tamara Tsutsunava. "Geological Problems of the Cave Monastery Complex of Vardzia (Georgia)." In Engineering Geology for Society and Territory - Volume 8, 483–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09408-3_84.
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Yang, Yingrui, and P. N. Johnson-Laird. "A study of complex reasoning: The case of GRE ‘logical’ problems." In Proceedings of the Twenty First Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society, 767–71. New York: Psychology Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781410603494-138.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Complex societal problems"
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Irwin, Terry. "Transition Design: An approach to addressing wicked problems (and catalysing societal transitions toward more sustainable futures)." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.172.
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Transition Design is a new area of transdisciplinary design focus aimed at addressing complex wicked problems and catalysing transitions toward sustainable, equitable and desirable long-term futures. Terry will discuss how change happens within our complex socio-technical systems and how addressing wicked problems can be a strategy for changing the trajectory of these transitions. Transition Design is a transdisciplinary approach aimed at addressing the many ‘wicked’ problems confronting 21st-century societies: climate change, forced migration, political and social polarization, global pandemics, lack of access to affordable housing/healthcare/education and countless others. These problems are considered systems problems because of their many challenging characteristics such as: every wicked problem is connected to other wicked problems; they are comprised of multiple stakeholder groups with conflicting agendas and no clear shared understanding of the problem; they are constantly changing and evolving; and wicked problems always manifest in place and culture-specific ways. Because of their high level of complexity, wicked problems cannot be solved by a single group of people or discipline. Addressing such problems requires radical collaboration among many fields and disciplines, but even more importantly it requires leveraging the knowledge and perspectives of the stakeholder groups connected to and affected by the problem. Transition Design argues that new transdisciplinary knowledge and skill-sets are required to address these problems, and that wicked problem resolution is a strategy for igniting positive, systems-level change and societal transitions toward more sustainable, equitable and desirable long-term futures. The Transition Design approach emphasises:• The need to frame problems within radically large, spatio-temporal contexts that include the past (how the problem evolved over long periods of time), present (how the problem manifests at different levels of scale) and future (visions of the long-term future in which the problem has been resolved).• The need for the stakeholders connected to and affected by the problem to be involved throughout the problem framing, visioning and solutioning process. This challenges many dominant processes in which professional or disciplinary experts from outside the system solve/design “for” the communities affected by the problem(s). Transition Design aspires to continually leverage the knowledge and wisdom from inside the system and build community capacity to self-organise, advocate and problem solve.• The need for stakeholders to co-create long-term visions of desirable futures, as a way to transcend their differences in the present and focus on a future space in which they are more likely to agree.• The need to develop “ecologies of synergistic interventions” (solutions) that are connected to each other and the long-term vision as a strategy for transitioning entire societies toward a desirable,equitable, long-term futures.• The need to think and work for long horizons of time. Resolving wicked problems and transitioning entire societies toward sustainable long-term futures will unfold over many years or even decades and will require patience, tenacity and an ongoing process of visioning and solutioning to remain on course during the transition. Transition Design is essentially an approach for appropriately framing these complex problems within more appropriate contexts. Many existing problem solving methodologies and process can be used increating the “ecologies of interventions” needed to address them.
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Charosky, Guido, Lotta Hassi, Luciana Leveratto, Kyriaki Papageorgiou, Juan Ramos, and Ramon Bragos. "Education for innovation: engineering, management and design multidisciplinary teams of students tackling complex societal problems through Design Thinking." In Fourth International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head18.2018.8150.
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Innovation education involves a different approach both for professors and students. It requires understanding people, technology and business to develop truly innovative solutions that can succeed in the market. The aim of this paper is to analyze the benefits, learning outcomes and self-learning perception about innovation from students participating in an innovative learning experience co-developed by an Electrical Engineering School, a Business School and a Design Institute. Challenge Based Innovation (CBI) is a program created by CERN to host educational projects where multidisciplinary teams of students tackle innovation challenges. The objective is to design solutions to social problems through Design Thinking. It was observed that engineering students, after this learning experience increase their understanding of user’s needs and the relevance of focusing on them when approaching innovation challenges. Also, they improve their ability to ideate break-through solutions thanks to a better understanding of the relationship between people, business and technology due to their in-depth interaction with management and design students. Furthermore, their self-confidence is significantly increased along with their entrepreneurial skills. The level of engineering student’s understating of innovation as a whole is higher with this approach compared to standard design-build projects performed at the Engineering Schools.Keywords: Design Thinking, Innovation, Challenge Based Education, Multidisciplinary projects
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Georgiev, Lazar, and Stoyan Ivanov. "Exploitation problems with particular road and railway composite bridges in Bulgaria." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0660.
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<p>Composite steel-concrete bridges are having wide implementation in the present bridge practice due to their advantages. On the other hand, composite bridges have complex time dependent behaviour due to long term processes in concrete – creep and shrinkage. Stress strain state is a function of the sequence of their construction. In general, building an effective composite bridge needs relatively higher level of knowledge, precision and responsibility from designers, contractors, and relevant authorities. Implementation of composite bridge superstructures in Bulgaria is discussed in this paper. The influence of some problems related with design and construction of particular road and railway bridges on their behaviour during exploitation are analysed. Exploitation problems of three bridges are discussed. Conclusions for reasons leading to these problems and variants for avoiding them in future projects are analysed.</p>
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Georgiev, Lazar, and Stoyan Ivanov. "Exploitation problems with particular road and railway composite bridges in Bulgaria." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0660.
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<p>Composite steel-concrete bridges are having wide implementation in the present bridge practice due to their advantages. On the other hand, composite bridges have complex time dependent behaviour due to long term processes in concrete – creep and shrinkage. Stress strain state is a function of the sequence of their construction. In general, building an effective composite bridge needs relatively higher level of knowledge, precision and responsibility from designers, contractors, and relevant authorities. Implementation of composite bridge superstructures in Bulgaria is discussed in this paper. The influence of some problems related with design and construction of particular road and railway bridges on their behaviour during exploitation are analysed. Exploitation problems of three bridges are discussed. Conclusions for reasons leading to these problems and variants for avoiding them in future projects are analysed.</p>
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Van den Berg, Carolien, and Belinda Verster. "Design principles for interdisciplinary collaborative learning through social, digital innovation." In Seventh International Conference on Higher Education Advances. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/head21.2021.13092.
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As academics, we are acutely aware of our responsibility in the design of our teaching and learning environment to instil principles of ethics, sustainability, agency and social justice. We are at the crossroad between the commodification of knowledge versus learning that steeped in well-being and innovative socio-ecological and or socio-technical transitions. These complexities prompted a Design-Based Research (DBR) project that commenced in 2020 to test and refine design principles that can facilitate an interdisciplinary, collaborative learning environment that exposes students to future challenges foregrounded in social justice perspectives of local voice, collaboration and co-design. A conceptual model informed by four pedagogical propositions of relationality, reflexivity, responsiveness and recognition is stipulated and nine design principles derived from these propositions are proposed. The overall purpose of this DBR project is to situate the student within a multifaceted learning experience that mimics the complexities associated with an interdisciplinary collaborative learning environment steeped in contemporary societal problems within a specific societal context. The ultimate aim of this project is to shift from interdisciplinary to transdisciplinary collaboration to explore a holistic approach to complex societal problems.
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Arzberger, Anne, Vera van der Burg, Senthil Chandrasegaran, and Peter Lloyd. "Triggered: Using Human-AI Dialogue for Problem Understanding in Collaborative Design." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-89273.
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Abstract Creative conversation among designers and stakeholders in a design project enables new ideas to naturally originate and evolve. Language allows for the exchange of values, priorities, and past experience whilst keeping solution forms usefully ambiguous. Yet there is a danger that only the language of people directly involved in the design process gets to be heard, limiting how inclusively the problems are interpreted, which in turn can impede how complex design problems are addressed. Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) have shown the exclusionary spaces that are often inhabited by designers, engineers, and developers of new artefacts and technologies. On the other hand, text data used to train language models for machine learning applications have the potential to highlight societal biases in ways that designers can utilise. In this paper, we report the results of an exploratory study using AI text generation to synthesize and narrate opinions and experiences that may be unfamiliar to designers. Three pairs of designers were given a complex socio-technical problem to solve. Of these, two pairs interacted with an AI text generator during the task, while one pair acted as a baseline condition. Analysing the conversational exchanges between the designers and the designers & AI, we observe how the use of AI leads to prompting nuanced interpretations of problems and ideas, opening up the objective problem and design lenses and interpretations. Finally, we discuss how the designers (re)assign different roles to the AI to suit their creative purposes.
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Dillen, Wouter, Geert Lombaert, Ruben Mertens, Hanne Van Beurden, and Dirk Jaspaert. "Optimization in a realistic structural engineering context: redesign of the Market Hall in Ghent." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0828.
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<p>Numerical optimization has a large potential in the context of structural design, but practical applications remain scarce. Even metaheuristic algorithms, which are easy to use, are rarely adopted in practice. Possible explanations are the fact that for problems with many design variables, metaheuristic algorithms converge slowly, and that structural optimization often leads to very complex structures, resulting in a high construction cost. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the potential of numerical optimization in a realistic design context. The focus is on the steel structure of the Ghent Market Hall, which is redesigned using a genetic algorithm. The structural member groups from the original design are maintained, such that the number of design variables is sufficiently low, and that the complexity of the design remains limited. Using this approach, a design is obtained that consumes 15 % less material than the original design.</p>
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Dillen, Wouter, Geert Lombaert, Ruben Mertens, Hanne Van Beurden, and Dirk Jaspaert. "Optimization in a realistic structural engineering context: redesign of the Market Hall in Ghent." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.0828.
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<p>Numerical optimization has a large potential in the context of structural design, but practical applications remain scarce. Even metaheuristic algorithms, which are easy to use, are rarely adopted in practice. Possible explanations are the fact that for problems with many design variables, metaheuristic algorithms converge slowly, and that structural optimization often leads to very complex structures, resulting in a high construction cost. The aim of this paper is to illustrate the potential of numerical optimization in a realistic design context. The focus is on the steel structure of the Ghent Market Hall, which is redesigned using a genetic algorithm. The structural member groups from the original design are maintained, such that the number of design variables is sufficiently low, and that the complexity of the design remains limited. Using this approach, a design is obtained that consumes 15 % less material than the original design.</p>
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Hertle, Robert, Thomas Hertle, and Eric Brehm. "Challenges when enhancing the infrastructure – case studies." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1313.
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<p>The fundamental rational of the German way to ensure structural safety and to prevent the society from undue harm is independent design review and execution supervision. This paper will explain both regarding the way in which review and supervision are performed, as well as the qualification needed for the design and supervision review engineer, who acts as a trustee of the public administration. The development of the review and supervision regime and of the underlying set of technical rules and regulations will be addressed by discussing actual and historic case studies. Special emphasis will be put on the interface-problems when different parties are involved and on the necessity of good and reliable coordination mechanisms between the involved parties. As a consequence of the increasing fragmentation of the design process in combination with the use of complex software tools and inevitable time pressure often the integrated design review process is the last line of defence to avoid incidents due to minor lapses or serious misjudgements.</p>
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Šliogerienė, Jūratė, and Tatjana Vilutienė. "The evaluation model of public buildings’ management efficiency with emphasis on social aspect." In Sustainable Decisions in Built Environment. VGTU Technika, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/colloquium.2019.010.
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Today, state enterprises and municipalities are concerned about the non-effective use of public buildings. The optimization of their quantity, efficient management by ensuring rational use of resources and protecting the societal needs are complex tasks, therefore require the decisions, which based on the application of new knowledge. The article proposes a new knowledge-based management model, an original set of criteria for assessing the efficiency of public buildings use. The task of applying this original criteria system for assessing the efficiency of the use of cultural buildings of the exact municipality has been solved. With the help of the new model, municipalities will expand the possibilities for impartial decision-making and evaluate the efficiency of end-use of buildings with respect to social benefit criteria. The results are applicable to public sector organizations, especially for municipalities with particular problems associated with the management of a large number of public assets
Reports on the topic "Complex societal problems"
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Hrytsenko, Olena. Sociocultural and informational and communication transformations of a new type of society (problems of preserving national identity and national media space). Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11406.
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The problems of the correlation of cosmopolitan and national identities are too complex to be unambiguous assessment, let alone alternative values (related to the ecological paradigm and the spiritual traditions of other cultures). However, it is obvious that without preserving the national identity, the integrity and independence of the national state becomes problematic. On the other hand, without taking into account the consequences of information wars and aggressive cosmopolitan tendencies of global media culture, there is a threat of losing the national information space and displacing it to the periphery of socio-political and economic life in Ukraine and in the modern world. In the process of working on research issues, the author of the article came out on the principles of objectivity, systematic and determinism, which in combination of their observance made it possible to determine the influence of the post-industrial information society on the formation of a new type of mass consciousness. As a result of the influence of globalization processes, there was a filling of the domestic information space with a supernational mass culture of entertainment, which in most cases leads to the spread of a primitive world outlook based on the ideology of consumption society, without leaving places to preserve sociocultural traditions and national identity. Therefore, given the problems of preserving national identity, it is necessary should be mentioned the information security of the state, which occupies one of the most important places, among various aspects of information security, since the unresolved problem of protection of the national information space significantly complicates the processes of formation of national identity.
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Kokurina, O. Yu. VIABILITY AND RESILIENCE OF THE MODERN STATE: PATTERNS OF PUBLIC-LEGAL ADMINISTRATION AND REGULATION. Kokurina O.Yu., February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/kokurina-21-011-31155.
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The modern understanding of the state as a complex social system allows us to assert that its resilience is based on ensuring systemic homeostasis as a stabilizing dynamic mechanism for resolving contradictions arising in society associated with the threat of losing control over the processes of public administration and legal regulation. Public administration is a kind of social management that ensures the organization of social relations and processes, giving the social system the proper coordination of actions, the necessary orderliness, sustainability and stability. The problem of state resilience is directly related to the resilience of state (public) administration requires a «breakthrough in traditional approaches» and recognition of «the state administration system as an organic system, the constituent parts and elements of which are diverse and capable of continuous self-development». Within the framework of the «organizational point of view» on the control methodology, there are important patterns and features that determine the viability and resilience of public administration and regulation processes in the state and society. These include: W. Ashby's cybernetic law of required diversity: for effective control, the degree of diversity of the governing body must be no less than the degree of diversity of the controlled object; E. Sedov’s law of hierarchical compensations: in complex, hierarchically organized and networked systems, the growth of diversity at the top level in the structure of the system is ensured by a certain limitation of diversity at its lower levels; St. Beer’s principle of invariance of the structure of viable social systems. The study was supported by the RFBR and EISI within the framework of the scientific project No. 21-011-31155.
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Perdigão, Rui A. P. Beyond Quantum Security with Emerging Pathways in Information Physics and Complexity. Synergistic Manifolds, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46337/220602.
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Information security and associated vulnerabilities have long been a pressing challenge, from the fundamental scientific backstage to the frontline across the most diverse sectors of society. At the tip of the iceberg of this problem, the citizens immediately feel that the reservation of privacy and the degradation of the quality and security of the information and communication on which they depend for the day-to-day activities, already of crucial relevance, are at stake. Naturally though, the challenges do not end there. There is a whole infrastructure for storing information, processing and communication, whose security and reliability depend on key sectors gearing modern society – such as emergency communication systems (medical, civil and environmental protection, among others), transportation and geographic information, the financial communications systems at the backbone of day-to-day transactions, the information and telecommunications systems in general. And crucially the entire defence ecosystem that in essence is a stalwart in preventing our civilisation to self-annihilate in full fulfilment of the second principle of thermodynamics. The relevance of the problem further encompasses the preservation of crucial values such as the right to information, security and integrity of democratic processes, internal administration, justice, defence and sovereignty, ranging from the well-being of the citizen to the security of the nation and beyond. In the present communication, we take a look at how to scientifically and technically empower society to address these challenges, with the hope and pragmatism enabled by our emerging pathways in information physics and complexity. Edging beyond classical and quantum frontiers and their vulnerabilities to unveil new principles, methodologies and technologies at the core of the next generation system dynamic intelligence and security. To illustrate the concepts and tools, rather than going down the road of engineered systems that we can ultimately control, we take aim at the bewildering complexity of nature, deciphering new secrets in the mathematical codex underlying its complex coevolutionary phenomena that so heavily impact our lives, and ultimately bringing out novel insights, methods and technologies that propel information physics and security beyond quantum frontiers.
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Gratzke, Michael. ‘Confessions of a MILF (I chose being an artist over being a wife)’. Love and relationships in Viv Albertine’s memoirs. University of Dundee, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001240.
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The memoirs of (post-) punk musician Viv Albertine address the issue of choice or lack thereof in romantic and family relationships. They depict a world in which choice of romantic partners appears normal if often unsuccessful, whereas choice within family relationships is restricted. It is self-evident that one cannot choose one’s blood relatives. However, amplified by Albertine’s scepticism towards any social relationships, her two memoirs represent ‘negative choice’ (Eva Illouz) in heterosexual romantic relationships and the complex ways in which negative choice can change family dynamics. In her memoirs, Albertine presents loneliness as the opposite of love which aligns with her model of choice, as it is preferable to live a lonely life over being bound up in love relationships, romantic or familial, which are harmful to one’s wellbeing. This article demonstrates how the ethos of early punk is translated into an uncompromising process of life writing which presents itself as faithfulness towards the individual’s core need for self-realisation and self-expression against the backdrop of failing romantic and familial relationships, severe physical and mental health problems, a self-diagnosis of autism and a patriarchal society.
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Thompson, Stephen, Brigitte Rohwerder, and Clement Arockiasamy. Freedom of Religious Belief and People with Disabilities: A Case Study of People with Disabilities from Religious Minorities in Chennai, India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.003.
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India has a unique and complex religious history, with faith and spirituality playing an important role in everyday life. Hinduism is the majority religion, and there are many minority religions. India also has a complicated class system and entrenched gender structures. Disability is another important identity. Many of these factors determine people’s experiences of social inclusion or exclusion. This paper explores how these intersecting identities influence the experience of inequality and marginalisation, with a particular focus on people with disabilities from minority religious backgrounds. A participatory qualitative methodology was employed in Chennai, to gather case studies that describe in-depth experiences of participants. Our findings show that many factors that make up a person’s identity intersect in India and impact how someone is included or excluded by society, with religious minority affiliation, caste, disability status, and gender all having the potential to add layers of marginalisation. These various identity factors, and how individuals and society react to them, impact on how people experience their social existence. Identity factors that form the basis for discrimination can be either visible or invisible, and discrimination may be explicit or implicit. Despite various legal and human rights frameworks at the national and international level that aim to prevent marginalisation, discrimination based on these factors is still prevalent in India. While some tokenistic interventions and schemes are in place to overcome marginalisation, such initiatives often only focus on one factor of identity, rather than considering intersecting factors. People with disabilities continue to experience exclusion in all aspects of their lives. Discrimination can exist both between, as well as within, religious communities, and is particularly prevalent in formal environments. Caste-based exclusion continues to be a major problem in India. The current socioeconomic environment and political climate can be seen to perpetuate marginalisation based on these factors. However, when people are included in society, regardless of belonging to a religious minority, having a disability, or being a certain caste, the impact on their life can be very positive.
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Moreno-Castro, C., and M. Crespo. IBERIFIER Reports: The Impact of Disinformation on the Media Industry in Spain and Portugal. Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/026.001.
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Disinformation, the deliberate spread of false or misleading information, has become an increasingly pressing issue in today’s society. The media industry, which plays a critical role in providing reliable and accurate information to the public, has been significantly impacted by the rise of disinformation. This IBERIFIER Report provides an analysis of the effects of disinformation on the media industry and the challenges it poses for journalists, media organizations, and the public. It highlights the erosion of public trust in the media, the need for journalists to verify information more rigorously, and the creation of a market for sensationalist and biased news. The researchers from IBERIFIER surveyed the Spanish and Portuguese population to analyze their response to disinformation and misinformation, their trust in media outlets, and their perception of media verification procedures. Data shows that both countries had high trust in health institutions, and both achieved high rates of complete vaccination among all population groups, especially the elderly and most vulnerable. Respondents from both countries trusted researchers, scientists, and experts the most, followed by journalists and doctors. However, respondents in Spain were skeptical about media paywalls and whether they prevented the dissemination of fake news. In Portugal, respondents showed a higher concern for disinformation in politics than among family members, colleagues, or friends. The survey analysis in Spain showed that gender influenced the loss of trust in media outlets that publish fake news, while the degree of trust in the media depended on the political party they voted for in the last elections. Media editors in both countries confirmed the importance of verification procedures, although there were differences in their approach. The report also suggests several solutions to combat disinformation, such as investing in media literacy programs, regulating online sources of disinformation, and promoting transparency and accuracy in reporting. By reading the report, policymakers, media organizations, and the general public can gain a better understanding of the effects of disinformation on the media industry in Spain and Portugal and the steps that can be taken to address this growing problem.
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Wolf, Eva. Chemikalienmanagement in der textilen Lieferkette. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.9783941627987.
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The World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002 set the goal of minimising the adverse impacts of chemicals and waste by 2020. This goal has not been achieved yet. Therefore, other approaches are needed to prevent, minimise, or replace harmful substances. One possible approach is this master thesis which deals with the challenges that the textile importer DELTEX is facing with regard to a transparent communication of chemicals used and contained in the product in its supply chain. DELTEX is bound by legal regulations and requirements of its customer and must ensure that there are no harmful substances in the garments. For each order, the customer requires a chemical inventory from DELTEX which contains the chemical substances and formulations used (so-called "order-wise chemical inventory"). Currently, the suppliers are not willing to pass this on to DELTEX. As a result, DELTEX is faced with the problem of having no knowledge of the materials used in the garments and is thus taking a high risk. The structure of this study is based on the transdisciplinary "delta analysis" of the Society for Institutional Analysis at the University of Applied Sciences Darmstadt. This compares the target state with the actual state and derives a delta from the difference. Based on this, suitable design options are to be developed to close the delta. The study defines the target state on the basis of normative requirements and derives three criteria from this, which can be used to measure design options. By means of guideline-based interviews with experts, an online survey and literature research, it examines the current state. The analysis shows that the relevant actors are in an unfavourable incentive and barrier situation. The textile supply chain can be seen as a complex construct in which a whole series of production sites (often in developing and emerging countries where corruption and low environmental standards exist) carry out many processing steps. Chemicals are used at almost all stages of processing, some of which have harmful effects on people and the environment. At the same time, factory workers in the production countries are under enormous price and time pressure and often have insufficient know-how about chemical processes. DELTEX is dependent on its main customer and therefore has little room for price negotiations. To close this delta, the study formulates design options on macro, meso and micro levels and measures them against the developed criteria. None of the measures completely meets all the criteria, which is why a residual delta remains. The study concludes that not one, but rather a combination of several design options at all levels can achieve the target state. For DELTEX, an alliance with other textile importers, membership in the Fair Wear Foundation, strengthening the relationship with its suppliers and cooperation with another customer are recommended. Furthermore, the use of material data tools that support proactive reporting approaches such as a Full Material Declaration is recommended. The study is carried out from the perspective of the textile importer DELTEX. The results can therefore only be applied to the entire textile supply chain to a limited extent.
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Dalglish, Chris, and Sarah Tarlow, eds. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.163.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings: HUMANITY The Panel recommends recognition that research in this field should be geared towards the development of critical understandings of self and society in the modern world. Archaeological research into the modern past should be ambitious in seeking to contribute to understanding of the major social, economic and environmental developments through which the modern world came into being. Modern-world archaeology can add significantly to knowledge of Scotland’s historical relationships with the rest of the British Isles, Europe and the wider world. Archaeology offers a new perspective on what it has meant to be a modern person and a member of modern society, inhabiting a modern world. MATERIALITY The Panel recommends approaches to research which focus on the materiality of the recent past (i.e. the character of relationships between people and their material world). Archaeology’s contribution to understandings of the modern world lies in its ability to situate, humanise and contextualise broader historical developments. Archaeological research can provide new insights into the modern past by investigating historical trends not as abstract phenomena but as changes to real lives, affecting different localities in different ways. Archaeology can take a long-term perspective on major modern developments, researching their ‘prehistory’ (which often extends back into the Middle Ages) and their material legacy in the present. Archaeology can humanise and contextualise long-term processes and global connections by working outwards from individual life stories, developing biographies of individual artefacts and buildings and evidencing the reciprocity of people, things, places and landscapes. The modern person and modern social relationships were formed in and through material environments and, to understand modern humanity, it is crucial that we understand humanity’s material relationships in the modern world. PERSPECTIVE The Panel recommends the development, realisation and promotion of work which takes a critical perspective on the present from a deeper understanding of the recent past. Research into the modern past provides a critical perspective on the present, uncovering the origins of our current ways of life and of relating to each other and to the world around us. It is important that this relevance is acknowledged, understood, developed and mobilised to connect past, present and future. The material approach of archaeology can enhance understanding, challenge assumptions and develop new and alternative histories. Modern Scotland: Archaeology, the Modern past and the Modern present vi Archaeology can evidence varied experience of social, environmental and economic change in the past. It can consider questions of local distinctiveness and global homogeneity in complex and nuanced ways. It can reveal the hidden histories of those whose ways of life diverged from the historical mainstream. Archaeology can challenge simplistic, essentialist understandings of the recent Scottish past, providing insights into the historical character and interaction of Scottish, British and other identities and ideologies. COLLABORATION The Panel recommends the development of integrated and collaborative research practices. Perhaps above all other periods of the past, the modern past is a field of enquiry where there is great potential benefit in collaboration between different specialist sectors within archaeology, between different disciplines, between Scottish-based researchers and researchers elsewhere in the world and between professionals and the public. The Panel advocates the development of new ways of working involving integrated and collaborative investigation of the modern past. Extending beyond previous modes of inter-disciplinary practice, these new approaches should involve active engagement between different interests developing collaborative responses to common questions and problems. REFLECTION The Panel recommends that a reflexive approach is taken to the archaeology of the modern past, requiring research into the nature of academic, professional and public engagements with the modern past and the development of new reflexive modes of practice. Archaeology investigates the past but it does so from its position in the present. Research should develop a greater understanding of modern-period archaeology as a scholarly pursuit and social practice in the present. Research should provide insights into the ways in which the modern past is presented and represented in particular contexts. Work is required to better evidence popular understandings of and engagements with the modern past and to understand the politics of the recent past, particularly its material aspect. Research should seek to advance knowledge and understanding of the moral and ethical viewpoints held by professionals and members of the public in relation to the archaeology of the recent past. There is a need to critically review public engagement practices in modern-world archaeology and develop new modes of public-professional collaboration and to generate practices through which archaeology can make positive interventions in the world. And there is a need to embed processes of ethical reflection and beneficial action into archaeological practice relating to the modern past.
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Needs and risks facing the Indonesian youth population. Population Council, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1998.1049.
Full textAbstract:
Youth are the leaders of tomorrow, but right now they face a formidable collection of problems that will determine the quality of their future lives and the lives of us all. Education, jobs, substance abuse, violence, sexuality, and marriage are examples of adolescent issues that demand special attention from researchers, youth activists and advocates, parents, and policymakers. In attempting to address these complex issues, we must be willing to confront ignorance, controversy, and cultural obstacles. Clear and focused policy and strategies must play a basic role in tackling these issues facing Indonesian adolescents. This paper provides a concise situation analysis of youth in Indonesia, focusing mainly on issues of sexuality and reproductive health, and describes current and future planned efforts by various governmental departments to deal with these issues. The paper also includes a set of recommendations for the priorities and focus of future initiatives to effectively reduce the risks faced by youth and to increase their chances of becoming educated, productive, healthy, and fulfilled members of society.